10/12/2011

Yrjö Raivio

Aalto University, School of Science

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Data Communications Software

Email: yrjo.raivio(at)aalto.fi

Course email: t-110.5121(at)tkk.fi

© Y Raivio

T-110.5121 Mobile Cloud Computing

Mobile Cloud

12.10.2011

© Y Raivio

Outline

10/12/2011 2

• Introduction

• Scope

• Open APIs – Open Telco

• IaaS Telecom Cloud: Case HLR

• PaaS Telecom Cloud: Case MVNO

• SaaS Telecom Cloud: Case SMSC (19.10)

• LTE

• Mobile Offloading (2.11)

• Conclusions

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Mobile Cloud gains interest

10/12/2011 3

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10/12/2011 4

Operators have challenges ahead:

decreasing ARPU and increasing churn

• Nokia market value in Oct 2008 was ~50 B€, today 15 B€

• Rovio value 3 years ago was about zero, today 1.2 B€ with 55 people

• Angry Birds: 300 M downloads, 200 M min used every day

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Mobile service segments

III Open Innovation

II Content Provider

Services

Serv

ice R

even

ue

s

Mobile Music

I Operator Services

Number of

Services Call & Share

Mobile Email

Business Services

Info Voice SMS/MMS

PoC

Mobile TV Home Entertainment

Community

Location WEB2.0

Revenue

Ring

tones Games

~2 Billion € ~200 Million € ? € Finnish

market size:

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Public

cloud

Private

cloud

Telecom Cloud

SaaS SaaS

PaaS PaaS

IaaS IaaS

Support Systems

(MVNO/BSS)

Service Delivery

(SMSC)

Storage (HBase)

Computation (HLR)

Communication

Open Telco

SaaS SaaS

PaaS PaaS

IaaS IaaS

SaaS SaaS

PaaS PaaS

IaaS IaaS Hybrid

Cloud

Eucalyptus

OpenStack

OpenNebula

Mobile Cloud components

Amazon EC2

End users

Adhoc

Cloud Mobile

Offloading

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10/12/2011 7

What is Mobile Cloud

Cloud

Computing

Cloud

Mobile

Cloud

Telecom Forum, Pekka

•

Telecom Forum, Pekka

Markkula (TeliaSonera)

21.9.2010:

• Mobility

• E2E Security

• Context awareness

Tekes Signal Session 11.5.2010:

3.

Tekes Signal Session 11.5.2010:

1. Mobile access to fixed cloud

2. Enabler for new services utilizing

the benefits of mobiles and clouds

3. Adhoc cloud based on mobiles Open

Open

Telco

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Open APIs exist everywhere

Source: http://www.programmableweb.com/

Social media

Hobbies

Context

Ecommerce

& advertizing

Emergency

Public

sector

Travelling

Public

transportation

B2B

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• Provide open and secure interfaces (API's) into

telecom network infrastructure

• Selected information is made available through these API's for 3rd party developers

• 3rd party developers can develop innovative new

services in mash-up fashion for the benefit of the end-users

• Work started in GSMA OneAPI group,Telco 2.0 Forum,

OMA and operator trials (TeliaSonera)

• Our core targets – Reviewing theoretical literature and frameworks – Report on secure & open APIs and middleware

solutions in cloud – Analyzing business models and value networks – Developing a demonstration system with real APIs in

multi-operator & -vendor networks

Open Telco in a nutshell

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• Phase 1 (June 2010): Location, Send/Receive SMS/MMS,

Billing on Behalf of (BoBo)

• Phase 2 (2011): Call triggers, QoS, Data connection profile

• Network APIs are complementary to what’s offered by

handset and mobile OS developer programs

• Both Web Services and REST definitions

• OneAPI is NOT: Apps Store, All APIs, Platform, Aggregator

• OneAPI commercial pilot in Canada:

• All 3 major operators in Canada: Bell, Telus & Rogers – 22 million subs

• Prices: SMS 3.5 cent, Location 4.5 cent, Billing 70% to developer

• GSMA: Broker; Aepona: SDP, PathFinder: Number portability

• Positive feedback from developers, what’s next (APIs, new

countries, support..)

GSMA OneAPI

Source: http://canada.oneapi.gsmworld.com/content/gcop/developerGuides/GCOP/HackathonPresentation.pdf?

Message Payment

Location

OPEN

TELCO

APIs

Context

SLA

Profile

Voice Identity

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Architecture

Developers

Support Functions

Adaptation Layer

MSS SMSC HLR …

Secure APIs

Services

IaaS - Networks

PaaS - Service Delivery Platform

SaaS - Services

LCS … IMS SMSC HLR LCS …

Developers

End Users End Users

Operator1 Operator2 OperatorN

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Virtual Broker

User Service

Provider

Developer

Operator

1

Operator

2

Operator

N

Virtual

Broker

Source: Yrjo Raivio, Sakari Luukkainen and Saku Seppälä: Towards Open Telco – Business Models of API

Management Providers, HICSS-44.

Numpac:

Kyselypalvelu

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10/12/2011 13

Application requirements for network-

based positioning in LBS Assessed by the

Assessed by the

relative suitability of

positioning-

technologies for

location-based service

application areas.

Target 95% of users

are satisfied.

Result: A-GPS and E-

OTD/UTDOA are OK

for most applications,

E-CGI and CI-TA for

half of applications.

Navigation

Productivity

Security

Social networking

Mobile commerce

Information

A-GPS (10m)

E-OTD / UTDOA (50m)

E-CGI (400m)

CI-TA (550m)

5

4

3

2

1

0

Source: V. Suikkola, Open Exposure of Telco Capabilities - Identification of Critical Success Factors

for Location-based Services in Open Telco, ICWMC 2010

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Service example: Location tracing

Home

69%

Home

69%

Work

19%

Work

19%

Work

travel

6%

Work

travel

6%

Free

time

6%

Free

time

6%

TeliaSonera: Innovation World Developer

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IaaS Telecom Cloud: Case HLR

Source: M. Murphy, ”Telco Clouds” [presentation], Cloud Asia 2010

• Research topic SLA:

• Availability

• Latency

• Throughput

• Availability alone not enough

• EC2: 99.95%

• App Engine: 98.92%

• Telecom users require more specific SLAs

• Sustainability?

• Penalties from violation?

• Monitoring tools important

I Support systems

II Tactical systems

III

Strategic

systems

Ca

rrie

r G

rad

e

Ca

rrie

r G

rad

e

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Telecommunication Application

Transaction Processing (TATP)

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MSC 1

HLR

...

MSC 2

MSC N

• TATP originally developed in 2003 to test HLRs based on SQL databases

• Simulates load on HLR database

• Ported for HBase, four tables denormalised into one adding redundancy

• 80% reads, 20% writes

Source: http://tatpbenchmark.sourceforge.net/

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Measurement results

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• Latency: the 95th percentile of the worst performing client and heaviest transaction type

• Throughput: sum of throughput of all clients

• Performance gets worse as database size increases

• Even with 5 million subscribers results are still good

• One client cannot provide enough load with large database

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Throughput results with 1 master, 4 slaves

and 8 benchmark clients

Sum of transactions per second with 200 000 subscribers, 300 s measurement

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1 7

13

19

25

31

37

43

49

55

61

67

73

79

85

91

97

10

3

10

9

11

5

12

1

12

7

13

3

13

9

14

5

15

1

15

7

16

3

16

9

17

5

18

1

18

7

19

3

19

9

20

5

21

1

21

7

22

3

22

9

23

5

24

1

24

7

25

3

Client 8

Client 7

Client 6

Client 5

Client 4

Client 3

Client 2

Client 1

Source: http://code.google.com/apis/chart/

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• Lean and agile operations, cost down

• Price differentiations

• BSS outsourcing while network and OSS on rent

• Branding and marketing is the core business

PaaS Telecom Cloud: Case MVNO

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• True MVNO owns also switching elements

• Cloud MVNO suits to both True and Weak MVNOs

• Focus in Business Support Systems (BSS)

Cloud MVNO

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Delphi method

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Parameter evaluation

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0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Sum of Disagree

Sum of Not Sure

Sum of Agree

• Data security important and concerns exist

• Cloud performance questioned, but high SLA not required

• Cross-location can be a challenge due to integration work

• Decrease of carbon footprint an opportunity

• Cloud not needed for service delivery

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• Basically all BSS functions except Mediation

• Prepaid, OSS or Network Systems not recommended

• Cloud computing suits to offline and web access tasks

• SaaS: End user intervention

• IaaS: High computation

• PaaS: Can be shared with other MVNOs

MVNO mapping to Cloud

10/12/2011 23

SaaS

PaaS

IaaS

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Billing-as-a-Service PaaS

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• CDRs provided by MNO

• The whole system implemented on PaaS fashion

• Mediation and Rating Engines can utilize hybrid cloud architecture due to high range

• Product catalog provides offer, price plans related data

• CRM and self-service portal manages data view for customers

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10/12/2011 25

• Data

• Anybody can create services

• LTE enables new service innovations (high bandwidth, low delay - battery lifetime?)

• Voice

• VoLGA, Voice over LTE via GAN

• CSFB, Circuit Switched Fall Back

• One Voice / later called Voice over LTE, VoLTE

• IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)

• NSN: Fast Track Voice over LTE • Messaging

• Over packet network or via 2G/3G

Long Term Evolution (LTE)

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10/12/2011 26

• Automated configuring, operating

and optimizing of cellular access

network

• Introduced in Release 8, but more

details in future releases

• Interoperability?

Self-organizing networks (SON)

Source: NSN, Self-organizing network (SON), White paper, 2009

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10/12/2011 27

• “Cognitive radios are aware of their surroundings and bandwidth availability and are able to dynamically tune the spectrum usage based on location, nearby radios, time of day and other factors”

• “This provides for a more efficient use of the spectrum as well as reducing power consumption, and enabling high priority communications to take precedence if needed”

Cognitive radio

Source: Nokia Research Center, Cognitive Radio - Liberating Spectrum to

Enable New Opportunities, Web page, 2010

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Vision

10/12/2011 28

End users

Mobile

Offloading

Vendor Cloud

Operator

Cloud

Access

Cloud

Access

Cloud

Internet

Open Telco

SaaS SaaS

PaaS PaaS

IaaS IaaS

SaaS SaaS

PaaS PaaS

IaaS IaaS

Hybrid

Cloud

Telecom Cloud

Load varies Load varies

in base

stations

End users move End users move

and use services

unpredictable way

Load varies in core Load varies in core

network elements and

between operators

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• Higher performance and elasticity

• Economies of scale

• Solutions on all IaaS, PaaS and SaaS layers

• Return on Investment (ROI) improved

• Capex to Opex transition, decrease Opex

• Smaller investment risk

• Lower IT administration costs (1$ IT vs. 8$ admin)

Cloud advantages and disadvantages

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• Data security, access and availability are the biggest concerns

• Regulation restricts the transfer of customer sensitive data outside country or region (EU)

• Integration and customization of IT systems may become difficult

• Lack of cloud competences

• Performance of real-time systems like Prepaid, OSS and Network systems

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• Virtualization of telecom infrastructure is gaining interest

• Generic goal: optimize computation location based on

• Load

• SLA

• Energy

• Cost

• Results can be adopted to other industries, too

• Hybrid cloud improves scalability, optimizes cost and solves data regulation challenges (more 19.10)

• Mobile offloading (more 2.11)

• From mobile/browser to cloud or vice versa

Conclusions

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Additional reading material

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1. Raivio Y. and Dave R. Cloud Computing in Mobile Networks – Case MVNO. ICIN2011, Berlin, Germany, October

4-7, 2011.

2. Raivio Y. and Luukkainen S. Mobile Networks as a Two-Sided Platform - Case Open Telco. Special Issue on

Business Models for Mobile Platforms, Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research

(JTAER), vol. 6, issue 2, August 2011, pp. 77-89.

3. Vila Tena A. and Raivio Y. Privacy challenges of open APIs: case Location Based Services. Proceedings of the

9th Annual Conference on Privacy, Security and Trust (PST2011), Montreal, Quebec, Canada, July 19-21, 2011.

4. Paivarinta, R & Raivio, Y 2011, 'Performance Evaluation of NoSQL Cloud Database in a Telecom Environment',

Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Cloud Computing and Services Science (Closer 2011),

Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands, May 7-9, 2011. •

5. Raivio, Y, Luukkainen, S, & Seppälä, S. 2011, 'Towards Open Telco - Business Models of API Management

Providers', Proceedings of the 44th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS-44), Kauai,

Hawaii, USA, January 4-7, 2011.

6. Raivio, Y, Luukkainen, S & Juntunen, A 2009, 'Open Telco: A New Business Potential’, Proceedings of the 6th

ACM Mobility Conference 2009, ACM, Nice, France, September 2 - 4, 2009.

© Y Raivio 10/12/2011

Questions?

Contacts:

Teacher: yrjo.raivio(at)aalto.fi, A122

Assistants: ramasivakarthik.mallavarapu(at)aalto.fi, PlayRoom

koushik.annapureddy(at)aalto.fi, A118

Course staff: t-110.5121(at)tkk.fi