,;;.t1all - marxists2. jeot a ninr ii&iwil' of fl:'gidoll a.:j.t-act1d.t.)•e...
TRANSCRIPT
oeUMie .r llutezy .af lllal"l,r the 'INlo C!81ltillut &lltl baltM<I aet 1n ,;;.t1all ... t.tall.y nw ~ ilorld, the lllaoJca 1n the Unl.ted State~~ opced a· nw oira oi'
,.ut;b ,rwelta, Blaol; <d 'IQ11;a, 'lhe_ Black ot;udct JWuth 1n GZ'OCWJ~o, !'""'tl>
c&r.una 1ft 1!160 .t.e, tu th.U n~lll at and Nf'uel 1;a M\'11 t..... "' •aireptad
1unoh o•ur;te, _.. the 1'.\J'at d.tGII&taJ'c et the llW hlll~ie atage _.. at1'1.ldllg
out agtolllat biltb 11l11ta &llpl'-oy alld tbcdr qu1ell0tlllt Blaoll: llld81's, 'lh• tl'utlt,
lutwever, 18 'Uiat tbt~Y ,,,,.,., atancliag on the eheuldora et >t:at !!lack l'.volllt.SM:aey
&dlllta had &ch1tWed 0 I'IOt u.J,r in put h18te17• but 1n tlle h18W7 ot the day
bef'OJ'e, apec1fioall,y the llentr.,...,. IIIla a.,.,.u 1n 1955-56. WUat«! ~ the
act1en of a Black 'Nit!'lc1ng -· 111M Parka, 'llhe Mtuld mt g1Ye up hRI' act ta
a ~t• Jll&ll, It 18 tl'uo tbat tit• llentg•"l7 Bua 111111'0\t bad Mt caucht tbe ,.tien
&11\..g.!n&Uen and enawbelled, llel'tb and South, as bad the 1'0Utbo' sl~in, but
it,.._. th8l'e nw.,.tlioloae til8l'u "" aaw th• 1'1l•et wtl.ey of 1oW'Io:.., and atl¥i"''t,
and also a new unity of spentanalt,y !II!!. erganir•• tien, It •• the firs~ ta pre-
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jeot a ninr II&IWil' Of fl:'GidOll a.:J.t-act1d.t.)•e e.,u'-c!<Klllopunt, · e,.U~;!H~n,
W.are Jll. il!!l!!l!l' 1D n..arl,y ~ aeetinge, the Blaalce decide:! aU q-~.
tl'aol ~ t.o NlAUIIM bet;.iaen ••- and leMera. 1be - ltaada:r
l'I"'IPcilloo! fCII'IIU<l l;T ibe boJootto P.fiV' • *'"tia lllth_. l1ag t .h"o t 'IIU 1110t . .,00
flo maet t!lat lt me the - .,...,.tint bt. Ol'fiAW Ida, 1111t he the - ·
_ ...... t.1
1be P"JJIteot Aahift'aent of all. 1D tlw Moll~ Baa ao,..ott
__ , ,.. lta 011r1 g!dng E.a..Ji!ll!!.!• 'liWI beqNae ihll IP'OD be &ll. ilf
. t1w dwel.opa<~~~ta J.n the llollitll tlaougbout the d.....te of tli. 196CO•• 1111&> lli
.Ut .. IUflfin tll1e ~of S!Mk r<OVo:tt;, Al:d lt; ill th18 \.11!ob·tad·.
: cbior.ow.-lalld the """ et;ege of b'8f'ldom •torugglea 1D I!IUt .~, ooelll'iu . . ; . - ' - ·.·. ' .
dlll'ia& the- paPlod and o'J1mavd l;T thii.t'u]l-we]q l'ri~ 1ft lllqari~
lllrdl,y. ~ ~ttced the parell.el betwo<on theca tliD dletant --~fla· ret,
",mee \he JDilth :l.!l North C&rol1na 1ll 1960 unfUrlad the nev 1:laMa' f4 t'recdl:llo
end site e!:~Jdante began COill1ng Sou\11 for f'reoo!OII Rlclee, ·~.!IU'Chea, .
Freec!oll ·~ •• it •• thaaa.nw .aa~s of s~:lot 1i\1cb .-1!.ppl!eci ~ l!orthern J:at.tles as '1!1111.. 1\T the t.1ma the u. S •, 1n Febl'UU7 19650 unloo11e:!
an 1111psria11st 'IIIII' on Vietoam l;T 'balllbing Bar.o1, a dlol.e MV generation or
r8V'olutionar1ea 'U&8 born.
'lhe fact 1D, hoilaver, that at tbls bigb point of dtiWp!IUlftto there
•• a eohlsm 1n the Now Left bellhen Slack IUid llb!.te. 'lh• ••• ldefttlon of
the 'lihi.te studante from th<J civil r.tr)lte IIOV8!11ent to the ~~- llllti-Vletnllal
war ..,..,...,,, w.l.tbout 110 aucb aa a "by )'OIIr 1•v•" to the civil rlgbta _ _,...,,,
did indeed expoae a raoiet tinge AIIIOnc the !bite revolutionuoioMI, 111<> tlwt
that thq wre unconec!Dus or their raoiaa neither ll&de th• truth &liT 1-
N81111 & lAittera,
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-· , .. ,. ·~ ". •··· .. ,. .·.-
,-.,. ,_ MIS the j!l"e&t; inet1D81UTUV' both to tbe d~u, !D1!. to the ~
Jliltlll'a or th& deande ot the Black IIU-. 'ih!8 oollld· DOt hlrro &riHI! bAd t.lte
llov _La!, booa isbo.li6hd.th tho biet9r&s. ct!llt11'1U1t.J' (wbSdt 1. the :U.:. bleGd oot
IICHly or the dial4iot1D but or IAe v..., Un.o or BlaOa 11t ncWit ....,lo&) ot the
Slaea' ~. c. bo:tore t.~~o C1'111 1*1' And ot.tter, 1'11'1111 illltON tt.o. em and
a:tw• n- Wore the cs.rtt !UgbtoJ -•""t o£ the ..,.:!~' 19SQo., liD<! nttor.
111& flact U>:ot lltacb h&Ya alw\Ya _bca1 the. toualultt.no ot ~...Gall
c!v.W..tson, 1tol Aoii.\U.1a Mel, doN Jtl)t oal.T alA tho apolllll'e o': f<be llo.llow
A•a Qt •ar\au d~, but. &lao the Snberer.aa ot no1a ere lliiO"'tlbita
l'_lll'ol•i•o" lioa, 'l!lat the lat• did DOt luGv that tho boll tDUC tur th•
turtll_. laid blre th11 tOUl. . bllndn•a on the part ot \'fd.toa tc tb• O"'erpo!NI'ing . ,, . . . . . . . .
'i;nu, tat thwe MV81' •u a p~J.od, not .Wen nt.the Hnith ot atd, !l"Kt _ .. ,
. lloliGta .u Abolit!DIIia, 'ilhen a tll'tl&t ll1v1de lll:d .ftDt lll!'ldeal.Y openal ap ,to rwe&l.
thit li8aw held ali 1n ita thr<lea~o 1be philo&O~Ucal.u.atar1to;r,
.the fiiU~e tc 1::8 "'IIU'9• dom to the urrov ot ona•11 bonN, that tha Ulaak
revol.uU..n ,.. oh1!'!2t3.!!lf ~ point ot nilg&t!Dn ot raola, diaolA.>Hd the
ab1atcr1oa1, apoU.t.\cil., .!!!1t.Wi&le:lt1oil attitu:la to rD'IOluUon 1t118lt, and, - --.... tljoratprL to the illack 111!!!111!!! aa VA1J8uard. :lba tilitaa -.c. thot1gbt it ••
":d.cplacod uoft'>l'etelleea" to fight "onJ.r" the Bull Connal" aa apin&t the
Pentagon bombcra, diacloaed atuJ. lllll>tb.,.. fOZ"II or the ~t.11oa '141ich holds
tho AlltOI'ioan0 ba he !V'Coph&nt or d1a&1dllftt0 1n ita viae,
If w talce a neclml look at tho hisb point 1n the d'"aloJIIIIIIlt. ot
the 'Fl'ee<lolls Now movt~~~ent 1n the South, ..,en eohool =b.ildron t'J'olll awan TfWZ'B
on up hid ttl taco the Bull Connora witlt thoti cattle pro:ia, v1o~UoJ doga,
high praii!D'e hoses, and gena, w ahall sao tht&t it ,.. a1ao the point then
lll"o K1ni telt be could no 1ong01' !Bco tllol!le bl'ave lll&lllleB wltb non-violence &a
the onl,r tboor,y. H1s faruoua lntt&r J'ro111 hill Bln!dngham jall cell, addraaeed
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to 1111it• e.l~, ,... il! fact o.n unfolt\1JIIt ffiJ' the __ , of a lll•c'at
ph!lai!Oph.y, It u - that, tnatald of relatill!t litR'olq to ~~~~. 118
Rl'I'O"Di1ed it v:i.~/"'llllber1M fOHlllr. of "thoNto H Bll\o ~ d..:\crlltt1!11
... t1DD ·~ a hiDan JM]ationahip, or ra~ an inb- on., &Dil oat u aa
"it" ~. Jr. Ill!& Niltol! ala ths qu.tioa of tl<• Nlat!oubtp ot
UIIIIOI'~ ~ t;, OODC1'0te actlDD0 - aotinft. u it hlliii*W'o ~
Mab p.~t ia1.'iald the~ ot ths cad of Rar, line'• JIN"w',.""'" ill
l.Mdi!I'IIMp ,r ths J!lack llln'caent,
1!le J!!'OllfcatJon 0: Cll'(!8lliii&Uouo baa SCJ.C to S&CC, fl'OII lblaa
pcnlllio ~ted 2 to , Pr-- &oboolll, ~~bowed ths SJack JOiltho Nlllal US 1.411d••• -- 1ft _.. MVOluto1oJ~i17 dSJ'eats.or.ri, not oal;v •aa 1t GGCI to li=Ct1DD::;w
but &18o.u nlatec! to cllll&t,ion, Wich II1IID ·b&CS to b. totall,y ..,root.!,
UJit.l to Robart lio8Ca from ths llis8Wtpp1 l"%' ..... Sob.»lll acid -1"1! . • "i . . . .
_SIICC'• Weatern cont-o in the tall. of _l964s
"' We 110t tl'tllldOIII &chcola, YOil £01'!!1 YCIIIl' oilll IICbool.eo ·. BooiiiiSII ........ ,_ - ri;ht c1om to u, ....,. illtcsnw ~• .,,_b, *' 1o U bt you vUl. leazon 1r. thti1.r I!Cboolo! HIUir klnl• can t.:t'n
-it, but at- thtV do vith itt ll!.at t~~e.r·....u.r IIN:l to l1R1'n 1o be¥ to be Ol'~ed to ...,..k on t.!la .,.,1ot,y to obangto :l.t,. they . cant t 1....-n tl:at ill eaboola , ••
!low 110body eat do\111 and thOOl'iHd all. 1;1Wa, It'• JU8t tb&t you -.t d01m the:>a and ··8t&r1;ecl to ~ ·to do -ortbins • , • Ct.J.l.ega ldda 0011!8 dOII!l, ellllll of the Hllg!'O• 1ilo l:l.v• -• dom, and &%'ol - tz7inc to s.t bftck 1n 8CMG1, can't %'elAte to 1t. 'lhat zsioec fill' tbs tM 'iillolA qUMt:Wn of ediiO&tillno 'hllat 1o ~· deg~>.,.f ltlat do I 1'1811:1 it forf ~bot nu l do with it etW I set 1tf,""
llcnr at tM SliQ;: people hav" fowad 1n a alov p!'OONII lA that thOT don't han to accept (800ut,y1a) d«!'1n1.Uoa or '!IM'lro 'llWt they can datillo thri:t' own. Am tb&t thtV llftdcatand a l1ttl• ~>ott=' at it -~~~~ to >m'k. ~t ic to re!ll,y put energy into -•tiW!c am to make litllllath1"1! ttaat•• a!l&ll1ngrul to yoVl'tleU.
2 1111118 It Let.t.ra, Detl"o1t, 1$161, P• an org&ti11l&t!Dn of wamen in Jaolcocn, , formed to 1101'11 ~ble f<lfl" the l'reoclCIIIl Ridurs impr1e1Dnod 1n the conllt,y Jaila,
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o o o lbe Jlll'OS1'ea we 8Xp111'11111Ce is IIOGtq Jli'o«ren 14 t-. or 'llllr.t ltappewo to tho peoph we are 10rld.ng 'ld.i;i., It.'s ~ thrq, .i.a MrV' <'-WI1u .. , have found a new lc1td of lltrqtb. In l:be1!' 1ndivldual acte jut loin« tel tbe IIOIIt'thoan (to l'l!lia~) 1a a r""DlDlt;iOUIU'J' ao.t. B.!.ven tbm l1vaa. .t aa z:mt.tcr h .. dwoJ.opa:l 14 plaoa bf-.... UH or .. th.<>SS &otflo ~ p.ople t&V& Nlll.q bet,~ to £jnd a ..,. thlf' OIIA uae a •Htlnr ae a tool £or ~ ~ - Uva, Fill• hav14& l!:llllath1Jls to 11q &taut J.t. Mt1a vwy 111cw, bat u•• ~~aw~.
:b r. -· tb•• people have foUI!d ~. 1he:r don't t.Jlve a.v parud,..t.t..M 1n aocia!i" but tblf''re no .. nov. lhov can do tbiap tMt ~ .... 'iMIIted to do far a lone tm.e,
lhOV1ve bn.1 ablo to· coatroat ~ ,., AN 011 tll8)h' baclla, lh• U1b 'llb&twer ia dil!hcd out-baoiiW!15o lbootinp, t.tin&s, wbat.re it u. .ttter pt>opQ Uve tbrolllb Ulat tblf' have·a. 11<!0JW that tb"1' c~UA•t hav~. before, 211c:oa•• ll "dlo111 Aft~ 14 tba!Jo Uvas tl!at -it tblll'a bat-, ·
·:~t nav diaeu1oa wa at the llhita ~.wlet 10utb 1n tbe ,.ults,.
,. .... u., ........ liiti:'ld... t171n1t to reaoh 1n the w•tioD or tba l!r• SJMICOh ~~err .. . . . . . .
aent at; llllzokelAv, 'Jhe -t tb61'a had gone iiCI far 14 phlloi1Cpb1oal. a--IG
aa to "cc!oept" the Han:lat theoey- .or ..u.m.. tlon. .tt the -e U.... Jll'8ll!8 tie.
1s eo total 1A ita bo.ld on aerloan ;routh, that the FSK '11&11 lll>l'e p!:'llud or the
raot ~t it 'IIIla "no~t-1dNlcw.J.• than it ~aa of i~ llldqua ach1et·lllient 1n
plaoing the tbaoey- or all-Uon on A relevant .em .. lc&n level, a .... u how
· itot but knovn lacier, llar1o Savio, ....,....ud ita
I tb1nk it would c1111tort the facta not to :ralce it quite al_. that th11 tone .froa t:la VC'y be&!Dn1Jw and tbe po=a4Mljt;y ot &110Ut185 ,.. founded 14 s 11ew IICJluid<tOlor1oal l'lidlaa11a 'IIIIich u &q~roiaad 1110at ola&rq 14 SSCC, 21loae paapl.e 141o bave baM IID&t etr..:t.1ve have been tho .. 'IIIIo have lll!de tlteizo d~~eislllna fl'OID a V1!117 prapt;in point ot view, An •.cUviatlc JIN!Ut1c l'&dlcal viev to be Slll'e, but not an 1dlllllg1c&l. point of view,
Urge nlllllb_.a of atldenta fl'o11 llol'keley have gon& South, so thlll'e•a constant lntelleotual flll"lllanc, On tho other haM, thfl pollUcal isaue la a pretc:oct for this rebellion, lbe r•l cau:e
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1e the •.U..Uon thAt •tw!0111te tMl fJ'OII! ~t 1e a laxi..a..dc• £aco11ftT• k"1" 11! qli1t• ri&ht. Iou're Jll'OOIIN~• Toll ~ ~ IIIIIIHR', Dll a IIA ot t!le card& that 10 tb1'oup· &11 Illl .aold.osa. a. t.rribla dall-~.lrlll'd.on. 2hlt tb.\!'411 '!!il!o!l ... 1m'llt ab:lut Allfll'laa uti -t Ol'llall,r ....,urw ~~-. (3) . .
.~~tori<!& ..,,. bEl the Met ~ty..ab<iolcM o:10UtL7 1.!k4t- 'lln'ld. llot -~· Blit bt.U..Ot.lillll7 lt 1e bealzrqlt. And IIGHll,r it=• panr:,WRr1.cl!ea• !lilt 1a 11110b 11 w:r U.t lt'• aot ol.M.I!' to J'll1l tbat rou'~ JIOOl'• . It'• v~ bard to 1a1ov 7il~'r• P*' 1t J'O"'"• •tt.Dc ..u.... .
Stl:lliilte. are -uod · abollt pollt1oal Mrsa, Dac:;.•.;. IXIt 1\!lt · ~ to· te apoU~ -lllt;T tl!tV'n ·p1ac ta tlatM'. .i!ut 'baSil£~ la.td- -1 J'IIU llaft oliO -!Ji .Oerf.Qan
-~····llllbu .t!ltir an tdo:u mloll liN UChl to· the .ww,. .la:I.UtrW IJ.OIIIpla. · •• •
hatQI'lN are r1111 1a s~&thori tar.lan ta~l!l>1oft taotorS.. -~~ tbat'r the ftMrUi )!aJ'an..l to th" IIQiv
. _At,••••.
In oontreet to t!WI, the poillt S&'rl.o !cept c!l'lvtng boise about. the feellnge or ld.ll f'ellov •tlzdw.tlt -.. that "they are peoplo 1Gcl bave mt lem-Md to OCIIIpZ'Oil1 ... •
- It ,q llllt the refusal to oOfiiJ'OIIiati tba t "'" lll£oP obJeo t.d to, ,. y'!IAI' htal',
\oll&t tbe.r objetod to •• tl1.1> .....U.er 1a ub1oh the 'IDitlt •tw!•tli/flll'gOt all
abollt the South aftd oono1111tr&t&d oft the aJngle 1eaue or the VletoAa ...,.,
!Motu •• the !ll.aok ,._lllt1o!IAI'188 IIIII'& OOJ:ICerftec!, ~ 'llld.tm ot!.ll looked
olltwru'do •• tbe en-.y 111 •ror~ft poUc;r•" ,.,.,. ... thq, the illaoka, !~t the
Olll""'Y right at bolu, diraotl,y Oft tbeir bQata.J 'lb• llfteaplo1&ent lla"" wre
OTIII'IIhabaing th•, we 1111 tha A.r-tq •• pur•ui.ng tb•• lor •• tbia a ph-•"''lln
that f.t1'8t appeared 1a 11'65! it baa llll!!,fs b:=n pNa&nt. lhe fact t11a t
stokel,y ca:nd.ahsal oo!.lld, at o11" and tbe - t.tae, ralae tbe QOW..U'I<lt wgan,
"Hall ao, w 1111n't gol" and tlll'll ~aiftat 111ohl.tfl:y, 11 1no1w!ir.g the llhlt, revol,._
(3) Al.ong w1th ...,.,.pte from Ilia iftt81'V18118, &II arUole b.r Har1o SAvio IIIII• IIIU'la.l.og hill v18118 0:1 the FSM can be foum 1n the pMphlet 'Jbe Fl'"" Spe9Ch !IPVGLW.Jt. !J!I the N!1f11'0 Ravolut1o11, b.r I!!U'1o Savio, llugGIIfl • W.ll:'31', l.llcl t<.;il Dll."l&yevalta,ye, Hew. & l.Gtf.9ro, Datro1t, 1965, 1:3 2 8 9
.... ··
?.
tlollii>'110Co llbc>....t tb&t being Jllaolc, be did IUidvat-r.<t th• depth o! t;ha Blaolra'
d1ada1n tor the 11hl.tw >lho bad 1'gmte Southw but vaoe nciv baclc 1n the ,..b-opolea
Ulktng, ~. ta1lc1ng before ...reb.,._, diU'lnco litter, ~leW to ~_.
S'00'11et.t1ng the d1.&1ogue and """k wi tb Blaalcc~
· Dte ;routh ,_., with Stolc..:J,y '1411• be raiaed the queeUan af lilaolca
Lledinc U...lll''"" am not lattlnc lM.dC"aldp or tb_eu ..,.. • .,t; atq 1n IDlt•
bar.da. But the MllliOs Vlll'e Mt •1Ung for h1a "to l.Md" the!a e1th... All.
GYM' the u. ll., tbe7 _.. rialllg up 1n I18V epontan<owo outbiiZ'at;a, AI\YOn~ ttbo
tallecl to •• the """ orad of' pa ttence 1n Barl.• 1n 1964 oould =t fail to ""
1t; dlll'lnc the MXt W. long yeouoa, 111tart1lig v1tb llltta 1n l96So llp1.'8'A:I.ng
tbrolllb<tut; th11 1Gole United St;o.tec, and a=-ing to a ollux 1n Detl'o1t 1n 1967. . . . .
Yet tblil· Slaok leildVII ,..e 'totall,y d-.1' to the nov d111ti=.U.Te 1'eat\Arc; .In . . .
n..troit. opened a new at;age ot Bl&olc ,...,olt;, In c- llith thfl
OUt.biU'atc OCII111"2'.f.ng ........ ,.., ..... ~ l!oaton to Span1ah l'.&rle&, t'>-011 T'.&CSM to
H_,.k, 1'l'aa r:lwalard to ssc~to, and -• el;ht.Y otb .. o1t1 ..... tM 'll!ice
or eng..,., l.'rust...Uan with, and re,jeotlon of, their oand!.tloJIJI nf life w.e
low.! and -clear, llnlllce the oth"" ,. .. .,.u '<>na, 8etl'o1t revolted, nut ~alnllt
"!oll1te,y" aa auah, but against r«ciat. alcoa aoo1et.r-lib1to l.'ornen, .e.1t.o lAnd
lorda, !Dito II.....Ohonta, and of OOIU'88o uhit;e pollee, iohen tho Vl'ath of the
Blacks exploded 1n Detroit, 1t •s vent«! not onl,y aga1not the pol.tca 1n their
own ne1ghborhooda, or aeon the poU.::e An r.enaral, lObo tMI"8 the pr1ue wgetll
o1' the snipers, !n lletrolt, illacko lll&de direot attaokl! on polloa atat1ono,
Maey oth"" thins• waro nw .In the i1etro1t ,..,alt. lhlllko other
o1t1eo, h...-e the repo~ae•a1on, ae well. •• the L"l1ping lato;r, ""''a 1ntegratecl,
Unllka letts, ldlero 'ltt.iteo had been pulled t'r001 care and b111ton, in O..tro.Lt
ill.acka IJtoppod 1n the mltlat of thoir act1v1tl!es to wrn uh1te1 a;:a.v ft"Cm eertM.tn
areas where th"Y might run into trouble.
132!10
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. w.u. .MruJ could oay th ... e •• &ol ..,tlllll ~aria 1n t!le !ac
toriea0 \lh.lte IAiid Black ,....klll'a 10.t aloog "" the producUon 11M better tban
thq bad 1n )"llt.No · ll""e 1a :wt • Blaok auto *"'ker reported about !>ito abopa
.1 s!Nleton ,..ov or .,.,..~wr. &ppeared. at the ~ iiaale plant g;ot., tar the .:oU. llbitt the •eoc~WS .a, or the I'Wol.t 1n Iiltr<:'1t. 110 p!'Oduotson •• ~ 1.1¥1 ,.. 11ould ~lt '"'t gr the window and - bU:i.cme or black uolco abooUtlr. ~·· ADd tile GVJide'l1.r tbe r«< f'lau!! to:!.lo1dnc t!la aookao fi/ttq to~~r or five llinutee th1a wN.d M rtp<l&t.ed 1n d1tt~t arau or lobe c1t,y.
We c!!.mOt l:niiv tbiC'e the t- 1I8N Wltil. &ll bour la taro lilen a Hlllcl<: foreun .,._ ap £lid _,d th"T _.. 1n aor.!_._e w1th tlo> plaAt nperifti:eD:Ient. and tllat _,. or the 'ldl!.t• tw•en ,.... fJ'!Ptens! atut • 1!>8 t1111 he lllfttioned nl!'& the l!Ol"Ct 1n the phat. &lid biiW l:lf :IIG3t ot tile 11C11'k..... B;o •5Jl ~- t1lll liad boMn .!.It there begglng to 10 Muo
lbe euperlntenditftt. told t11111 to go out and ·aoa ;;:.at t.be lllacu ll"!f TOuns 'llllrklll'• r~t to1IU'd tb•,. lf.r fol:':.an 1ILLked 111>. and lllid0 "tou and I han &J.w.r• sotten aloog o.r. I· 1cnav ,.. u·.,e ·bad 111nor aralllienta. but 11he 1t ,.. cnr I alw.ya rcrsot it. and I tbel. uure ,..,. d1d too. 110v I kliav th1a riot 1e .not ~111110 an coloN<! ~· are bad; the 7'0\Uig l!b1tes ve jwot. u bad. juat as '1\lllt.Y of Ol"J..ea." ·
lit> 'IIMted to lcnGv e><aotl.y '16l&t tl't81'J'Oil& that 110rl!:ed for b1lll felt about lda0 apeciall;r the Y"Ull£ Slaake •. ~idle he •a ,..71ng
· th1e to ••• praot1caJ.l,f evt~ry ror.an bild one or tuo BlMka ce>rnfi'ed ott &lldng them tho 11&11& t!Uog.
lhG tcllovlng day tbaae 1:110 tor1111on d1d not o011e 1n. In fact. th~ stayed &""'' the MU.re .... e1c.
It baa bean a 1hl4lk e1nae th& rwclt1ll been OVIII'o not one ror-.. 1n olil' plant has rd.ll!d h1!l voioe.at a 110l'laa•0 IIJ1d th<u •- to be 1"""1og br.clalarde to -• ot the Black -icC!' a.
One !NY ea1d, "Man, the dlltlb'uct1on va.a wtb<iU.&vablGI but oo1111idfll'~ wi>t.t it did tor 1111 about obang1og the ror•en's attitude, it 'lhoukl !tappan tJVfll'T IIIO)ntho"
loltlll'e >~hat ..... g .... fl'om tha aatlal atrugglea or the Blaclca 111 "
aaar~h for " total pb1lo110pby to ~hange aocl.et;y trOll the bottom, the leaders.
s..U-at;yloo &1¥1 otharwl.lle, >1110 preau:nod to epeiLk •rar tbe Blacks, •short-chaflled
that into a slogan. And a tactic imposed from above. \Gen a Black Bl11d,
13291
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···-·· ,_,,,., .,.,.~:''' _,-,.
•!!oll. ltOt "" 11!1n;t &II•"· vbllt he ii!!.B ~ ••• VD abGuld t.. t!ghtsng t.'l.e
en..._i,,_ at ilaol~ jobso JlPOJ' belles. "the ~ .. qeta0 " D.)t tbu V1<:tnueee
pQ)ple. lobat he - ~ ~ 1aeo u apbiat q "-h-. I uM<Ia• to live
1n CiWia or CUb&o ar Rli88Sao cir. 8V8.!l VlatnaN~
lllclok COillldo'llll188&o Atr0-Ja•1o&D &'CIOWt •-• or th-"'-ves
u a ~. a ~li1oa1 11 rae.,, SlAck 1!, IM&ut1!1110 aid it la altlo lO'rtOlut1on
,_-q, 1111\T a 1!1Uth waa -ls1ng llaloot.l x•a raoOI'd&J .thllr SdentJ.riood with
· hiao aiDpaciialll' att.-. be brokot with Sllj&h Hahaal:c'o JD.ack ll1l<lllii8. -.ben be
,. 11&11_.110\'lltl· to1iU'd a nw rowui.uti<>llll"T un!,verll&liMo In that orw1al. 781"•
~~ 1lbeD Stolcel¥ (on that r_,ua Mroh thro:llb the Southo alD,;ge11:1e !ll'o
~~ laDd .sua .. llel'ecli~) firat rdded_ tho elopn0 ·~ ~.· ha ·~ . . . W8 .tllM tho G o!: D'o JUngle predolll1Jiance 1ft the lMdiii'DbiP or· th:e llOVMellto .
I~ 'Ill&&• ..teo the becinr.illg of the divid.Dil t..~.rank MCI al11Md.,.a0 lilaael1' ,,
1nc1udllc!~ It· Sa true he aleotri!:iacl the ol'OWi, '!llwn ha tll.'tlt tl;q>OIIn~ the
slog&nl
1be olll:' w.y w gonna atop thllllnhite an t'J'tllll huppill' ·u;o 1a to take ov.,., . lit beell t!l,}'1ne t'l.'ead011 ror asx ~· and va a1."1't got nathin'• llbat WI gollll& ~~~t sq1n& nov is Black'!'o'lllll"o .. Aio1t n:~th!n' 'ICI'OIIi with an,y~ng all bllick •cause I'll uU ~k ud I'm aU· goad. !low don't you be atraJd, ADd traoaJIIN on \illen thay ask yott •t you -.nt, J'OU koow •t to tell. th..,,
AU annm"acl: "Siaok Povsr'l lll!!!!5. fo'IMI.'I BLlCJt POW!!al" But as the slogan
caught on, Stokal,r JWaaalt was ·of't ela....t..... lloithar he ncr 111\l' other _!!l&clc
dU.tant leade:' was llatanillg to th11 'I'Oictflll that eame 1'l.'orl blll<>wo l""at of' aU
!rOll BlAck 1f0l'b:l!!'3o
coDIIIlu~t,v. 'nl""" oBI"tainl,y 10lS the sa"e tl:eoreUo void on the Jl&"t of. the
laed..,.e, In IIIOVing •""1 fl'OIIl Dr. KinUs no,_victleoea, tile '""' 10Ultant Black
13292
' ·' ·.,_-_,~ ... ,..:""!:~ .... ,,.._._,-., •. ·-~···-- ··'"' .-·-··. -., .
/
i . i
I I I . I
' '
10.
l.&d,...o die! DC>t '*>Ve aw.r tro11 Ma-.tO<Ill pncmaU., d1d DDt even .. tt.ar.pt to 'lm'k
out " pl11loiiOIJbT or total tz.MC!Cilu. llot!Wlg llhow tb1a ilol"e cl.Mrl;r tbnn th~
. *'Ill_. 1!1 'llhlah. the.r reduoed. tl".e l'fl0luti.ollu7 b-.-nS• an:l p?OroWICI phUDeophic
-·' or the n.Co:l •new..., th&t JF)'Uts ..._ 'IIU prccla1JI1ns to tb.e 1'1n'ld,
to a a- q~U~Ctlon or •~• v...,.. ~-e. 2111a w.a lwldJ,T t1:11 c;-uoe.
which •IIPU'IIt«< tb• :!'roll el1Ust 111\lte .. ....,\utln$l'ies. Iadeed, it 1111uld 801111
1&<1 t;h• 'beok to ~~nFinoi,pled cCilhboratlon Wide- the. !laoillt elogan, "''o11m'
· ·- .,ut or tl.:e '*""el. or " 111ft• • Bea&- the lack or pbUoeophlo grup bo.o
b;olpecl . ~ about All Jq>ade DDt ~ in the lllaok .wti .. at, •ut uocr all tile
"MV penioM ud nw rcn-O.,.a ffn' the ncaaatriloticn ot eoUet,y on to~ ....V · . . . . . '
' bec1M1nll.it• wbetb&' ci\uo .point or aonnSI'n ill tl:ll l.t.U.t phenCJ18110Aoooohbllan1•
L!b<raU..n, or the .routh, a>: Chiesnoe, or Indian~~, or, r"" 'ti>at utter, the·
.to •te.T
11 tth11. loJIIllll' with the tboorel;.lc!.An of t.'te 211.1rd WIIJ'ld, tl:olll ol:l' TOUIIB ill.o.olc
lead81'e ~~~;ct olten <l"'t• &lid .,.t oft91l io1aropl'ioeent.
SealiWID Fanon hu a .v•t deal to ·eq on vlal<OMe, lllld tbt.t ie tho
2!ltr. thing 1W1Y Black bade-a took n'OII hi>lo Gll8 111>uld think h" haa 110thing -
eleo to a:!• t•iJoet or all., 'llb&t he eqe ie abeolutel,y Ccn'J'ect, b<lth hJ.cto2'icall,y
and theo2'etical.l,y. '!hough the !Uack Pantila:'e act AB 11' Fanonts theeie ill the
Hille u the Maoist overelllpl11'1oat1on, "PoWWII' o0111ee out or the banel or a gUn,"
hJ.s be&ut11'ul t12'et ohaptlll', "Conotll'Jiing Violence," hae nothing lila tsoever to
do 1d.th Mao. On the co .. trary, it llaa IJ'IIIl7thiog to de 111. til the cMCreto
decol.onization or Africa •• 11& hiato2'1c&l procee•• tl:llt 111 to H¥. that it.
cannot be Wlderatood, it o.&nnot bec001e inte:1.11g1l>la IIOil" clear to itself IOXCept
in the axaot ., .. sure that w can disCilfl'n tbs IIOV•ente .tUch give it histc>ricnl
tom and content. 11 ( 4 )
(4) Fl'antz !"anon, '!he \orntohed of t.'ta ~ lirova Prell, N. Y,. 1966, II• 29-JO.
13293
i:
n.
\oll1lAI ld.s .AIIC'lcan rollo_.a chose tD dim""!l&l'<l FanOn'e dJ&l.eotJ.oa,
th.cv .,.qed to pl'eaant MOJD t!la•o Pcllnts ot Fanon tbAt they qUilt.> o~eoAr
one-d.cl~· 1hwo, it. u O'lM ih&t PAllOr. has a great d.-1 _.e faith 1D the
. paaaet:l tlll :rowolutioaar!N tllM 1ft tbot prolilw1at.. But~ again. it 1s eonorata
-til• p-..Mt:7 1ft tile IWI•d.,.oloped coantr1H 1• tb• r..-olu.tioiiiUT t~e.
'lha colohiu:'• ha'fe tl>ied, &!14 I!QfWtiaas IIUCOtllld.OICI, lft oanvptU-g !l&2. 1Dh&b1tlohtlll
proletariat !ll!1. 1aWU.,~IIIl4 !&'. lA!old!IZ'II of the ~~t.tl.oMl -•ent•. ranon
devotN a vbole oblptelo to ~ "P.I.ttallll ot &Uonal. Conllai.oiW>a&&, n and "th•
. las10Na .or the !ntalle~•" lllatGIT itachN 1111 lllenrll' that th• bat;Ue a;awt ... ,. •• u. do• mt l'Wl ~ &101' Gl.oq: tha linea ot aat.:li!Ml-3. .. It 110 biV.P- b~. the UllpJ'op&redn•a of the <~'!-ted clulles, the .laak fit pNC~ 1!nlcc batl~H~l thoa and . the •• ot the P~• their lasiftelilo and l.r; lt ba.aaido their COtli\l'di.oO at tntl •aaislve _ .. t ot the at;:ouggle WUl glve ria" to tragic Jliahaplo (p, 121) ' ' '
Jlot onl;r doaa be cbo ...... , a l!bari> line btStWan ......... and lead .... before conquaat
or po-. but he does .., artor ala!!.
_F:lnall,y, it 1s _true that Fanun axpoaea tile iuiJTorB of" western
Cl1vU1 ... tJ.on, rejeots lt ae an:r ~el to f'ollntfo He teill.a bb .at'l"iaat; DOIIIl"adeas
"l.Gt UB .aete no tillle ln sterile Utanlea llJid nauaa&Uroi! llimicry, Leave thi~
Europa .... ,...., th'IY are n8'1«1' dona talk1ng of !!Arlo yet 11111'<1_. aen IO'I....,.,.t11'<1'& the:r
tl.rd th•• .. " (p, 252) But it 1s not true that he b&• onl,y the SliiOlc in alnd.
He 1s mat llpeoiflc on tha raot til&t with the cll.aa!IP-.r'AnCe or c~lon!allaM and
''colonised lllllno""'lbill new h4 .......,t do oth....WSo than define a n...,
llll!llllnllllll both !or itself L'ICI for otl:lll"S•" (p, 197) Clearl:r~ thB dlalootlco of (5)
11b.,..tion 1a nt~t &I\Yth1ng ~ageatia, nor aOilet.hln!; on:J, Black, .. uch 1ooas
IIIU'!'Owl\T natlcnallatlco It. io global &8 well. all rtWOlUtlcn&!'YI 1t !II total
(5) Indeed, he c1-.ld1ts 91¥1apeet ao well as SuttB with bee1nl! m<JTo rl..,leivo I!IDIBB!lts of confror.tatlcn than the Korean ;,a,r. See espec1all,y P• 62,
13294·
·--~-··· -~--····
12.
u vall. u ld8to>'1clll,y ccnt.llluous.. It 111, aa ha put _1t, a nnw b.-nln, •
no •ti-ang.,. to Ka'X1ali ctld, abo ... all., 1Jipon1bla or aoh1av•ant it tM
1MCIC'D 1eol.ata tii-&I.Y&e t!'OIII tho lliLUMo.
01111 Biaak -"• fJ'OII IJilt1,ana, caUtorn1a1 d!.sa:Wit«< with what
bMU• o!' the '81aa PO.w llog&n1 lll'oto•
lll.ack po_. hd ~ 11. gia1111t1a rcWd..,..-bat rack with ......, ;,ppoeil!« stD. baacill£ thcr.a, !nallv:!ill8 the bat or Black osp1tt.1-i81J, 1M po~~aiblo av IJt alAck an<~·11>1te Wlol"k...., to dfllltrGT thlo Bfllt.la of OlljlltallDoo 18 a p;ll\cl> at the gU~ D ..... D ot aU :a1ddl.o clua lnkllmtuala AD!· eUUat cro..,.. ill£ck cir 11>1ta •
. 11ta.10011t antl-c1.1t18~. nw !'crrce that. -• on tha h1ato>'lo atl~ga 1n .· ' '. ' - ' ..
. Uta turbulent 1601• W8 1obllell'~ ·Llbaratinn• It 8UI'll1"1 .. d ... ~. the a... L&f't at or 11111 Iince thOUgh barn out of tile KtrV Lltt• it 1B8 . tha lOW L<Ji't. . .. '. - .. ' .
1t aippn_ed. '1be .... - ...., bad pert1aipat.ed 1n werr pbliea or the .
t!'««!Cilll ......... te r~ to conilnu<:< b81ng the w18tooo the llliati<>g:I'SJihel'wo
the 11Jad1ell' aux11iu1WJ" to tile tsrt. 'lhD,\1' d..andad an cv:l tci the 8ep8N.Uo.'l
ot ment81 alld ~~&nsl l.abal'1 n<>t onl,r within the 'llhcle """iet.Yo but ultbi.~ the
Wt 1ta&Lt • mnd appu.l to ~· 71111({ '11111'8 not atre1d to attack the 11&1,._
ab&uv1niam 1n tbe lll&ok .,,.ent1 Sl.ack and 11>1te _,., Joined tGgetbel' to
do bt.ttl.• with tho &:l'l'OSSI!IlG. of a Stok~ CU111o!l&&l.o 1lbo bad said tba.t •tliw
po81t1on !'or _.., in the mv•ent 1!1 prone." So unc:ooopl'0111111ill8 •• wl1 as
acWiant -.a thod.:l' att&ck on ..UUIIIA and autbor1tal'iaD1aa that the vwo; ·~
tiD'o ot tho nw W:>"""' • Ubar-a tisn grC>upa • tba .-11 group• t..lwl t IIJil"alli up
...-~.v=>e:l'e, ~ ~ort to 1'11¥1 r. rom tba t ....,uiiJ. allow for tt.a aeJ.i'-
dll'lolopaent of the W1v1du&l. -·
HorGVe1"~ the ...,.en 81D'J11'18ed evaeyone with their ..Ultaney bect~WJe
~ alroady """ a """ \IO!Ian'• organU&Uon, N,O,W.l but fnr f':l'oll attract.ln;.
tbl!!il, they cona1dsrecl it too cone.,..nad with D!iddle-o1aaa and p:rorea .. ioMl
132!l5
lJ •
. -..,.•a !asUH, Swd.Uy,"uual.a-chaw'inlB!o"beccii!UU u l-OI';Jlu a al.Oi!ar. aa
"""" the .ar, ¥ aax!ac becute as Y1o1oWI .an Gli""V as r&~:~1•, Mel tor· the
-~~~~. tr.tdoa nov ~t ~....,.. tadq liCit ~J'J'Ow, tod-.y· 1111t tho d-.y or reY.ilutJ.on, auch lMS' tb .. day art .... , .to<UT aunt l'Cda,y, th1ll """'7 -wtt,
in tbu vwey rGl&ttcneb1p '111tb "ooy aan.•
'lhe -.. retimocl to conc1der the J'elet1onah1p or -.. to "" to be
11 "pr1 ... te attlli.r,H U...t •• on1,y or.e IIG!'e wo.y to Mice -en te.l. icolated
and helpl.-e, 'Jhe 1ifee or fJl'Mdaa •in the &izo" qu1olcl7 llpBead. to tbouaaJda
or ,_en w., had newer before been "ppllt1oal," *a awdenl,y saw tb1dr """
· llv• 1o a dU'flll'911t Usht, And. onue there ws a JIIO,..ent-&nd th..re •• one
1m,-the 'Wbola a tao.J~.:~ of tha cow. try ahangeol, ·c:ou ... uvit,y end individu- .·
to . Und8J'St8Jl(J that th,.,. -., 111ftdiY1duaJ.1sod through the J>rCC8S8 Of hioltoi',Yo II
Hve !a b~· an~~ .1'(1ung ,.,,..... allllllliarized 1111& t. aha tho~ t 'II\!!' a _.the
lift ctwa opened b,y the !Daen's I..l.beratioft IIIOV•ent•
'Jhe IIO'I'eo .. ,nt has raised •IIY new quseUona about ""'"on 1iiJ.<:h
-are both <L lhoolc to those *a are not a ttl:ltad to llatening !1110' new
forces of revalutJ.on, and at the lAma time show the univerlf!llit,y of
the IIIIVOII&nt1a ideea, lhass ideas ban 1111t alwo.ya been heard .,l,...l,Y,
1>&1'~ booauaa the beat orp.n1sed and pubUo1Bed parts of the IIIOVIIIflllt the
ars/IJIJJat JUddla-cl.ass orientad groUpa, 1110re becauea the 1110'/llllfllt baa
!lOt .Y•t "proved" itatllr, or tull,Y defined 1ta.al1' tbroUp,!l action,
lohetllar tb1ll is bacauao it 1s so ,Young, or because of tba tl:eoratical
impaese it baa roached, or both, the paint is that it has Allra&dy reproiJenta
achieved muoh, prscieel,Y bscause it fj,. an idea !;bose time """ oo,.o,
lhWio on the question of equal pay ld.th men-to<Jay nearly me.:y
one, even Dlen libo 41re terrible male-chauvinists 1n tholr personal.
13296
..
I i
14,
li,..., will ·~ .. with :rou on t."'ie. Yot tm-... 01" rom- ,_.." aco. at
the a tart ot. til• IIO'I'eoH!l~r the Jll"" ,... oonaidiOI'ad ~~hooking. the!
Cba!lBO is J»t 'beoalma Ullf ato.U.·UoG that llhov tb.f.t .. at- vllo
-!:: do 110 btlciauaa ~OG" 111U1t to aupport theacal.v• .,.. tho.ir r .. .uu .. , nthv ~tOP "Pili w.on.,., ll:>n c~ed, bu'~ beoauato the bUUi'• that
- !!M\ll4 ao~ •gMCI• -ea did liCI~at job&, and t:.at _,,. ..,.
~rtb l••" t1w:1 ;::111, ,..,.. ., 1agrainod, ,It bas tslcc aucb talklnc and
C!!tio: jat to ooltrifto" •• that· -• ....., 110t !Ahlll'.,tl,y 1ntc1or, u:l
the r~t;r ot eq111'l. pq is et.U.l a long w.y otf.
'lhwi0 iA -s>l ta ot AIIY.-e 1>Ubl1ol t;:r about till¥ 11glrle" 'bm"ftil!6 bra a .
Md ~tavsr otilsr .RIOIIaiiiBII tho lll&l..cba11Vln18te plq up in ordt4' ta
''loske the ilonRDt look Dlll,y, aoro·altd 110ro .0111011 koep "join!ng" it. . - . . - . ' ' '
.lU dlftsrant. ld.nde ot - 'IIIIo had n ... sr joined Allrtblng. bet'ors
baTe boc01111 "acUYlata• -..1 .t.liink«ra. Iri addition w tho ... 'llllu "oall. . · · · apfoa• the ,..,.
thSual.ne maobera o1' lho -t, tbouands 1101'8 !' J( · · · 1clou,
f'ro01 the wel.t,;.re noil-•• 01"ganill&tiuna~ the nev drlvM to Ynlor.ille sanatloned b,y ·
·-•'" 1nd~t1"1es and tight dlocrillinatlon/!a exlott.ng unioM.
And tbe "''"IT iooicee expressing the J.clean of \<baen • • Libara tlon ..,..A'., not tho result or 'NOalen reading sooxual Polit.l.cc, "uch leas the hlwfrec:ts
of l""s nlll'icua works on the subject0 but of the hunger ft>r n<OV roles
in .. aoc1o1;y 1011d nw relat!on11hipa with others.
'lbU50 111 .. IOOV,_Mt bl'o~:&ht lllaok &Ill ... ite rGVOlUt10101'le8 together,
lhe Slack diloenaion had been the oatel,yst tor the flrst 'IIG'Jien'•
IOOVI!IIIent during the A'bolitlo~t "ovommt, ~"" !ll.aak ,.,..., """" ••
Sojourner Tl'uth and Harriet TUbl!lan 'll'lll'a ap•k!ll'a, lasd...-s• "senerll.ls, n
a.nd inaplrecf the white 'WII!Ilen who N91'8 atlll subordinates to tlle mala
Abclitionise leadara_:j '!lie sutfn~e O!OVt!IUont erose out of tMAbolltioniat
one, but l&ter when the white Clir.ldle-claeo ""'""' lest thelr links with
13297
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,' --~' I - \
•\\···
1.5.
the l!l&ok and )>!'Ole tar~ -an. tho atruggla ..., n.orr'OWtl to j l!.~t
'gettil!g the vote. l!IG nvw f01111n1ilt. are leeootW~s Uleh- llitor,h and
aoml.~ that the IIOYiootint Dlllllt ll>olldo I!Jaok and pl'ole...,.J.an """"n•
&1111 ~!~oleo tbat - 11u:1t fight for theh- Ollft. fio-<Z 14 ordiO' ~ be abltt
te f!aht ffh' ~t <>f othoro.
:W.e the o~ &1ne:-• end auto llllrkr.ra >lho uked • m.u.. !luo,y
foueht kills~ auto.attori, •w.at ~!a!!!! or 1111J'Ir ehoul.ci -.o dor•, (6)
i1lil - IU"e aald.r:«, "H>Il t ldJld of -·k abould Wl!!l dof" llut thC"<l
be e 1ovm> •tandard tbat.NJ'S -en should onl,y do bo...,.._.k-clull; Jwod, . .. . ' ' ' '
lllndles~ boiiii._.Jc-olo its equ1Yalent ir. the ~~Uket. pleaaf lobtrien en
d•.aaoil.Q& te Wle thei:' halide,. te be hllu.tt be.lnp !netaed of just stiX .
ol>jeota Mil houailileld robot.8. · An:! .., ..... IIIOI'o tllllll&aen~, th"Y an·
ukiQg, "bt kind ot 110!!'k abould w l!!!.l!!!t7" In .adi1U,a .to the· question . . or eqlillll pay, there 1e that at be!ng paM !!<'!?:!• tbal;b~>IIMiiito ( th~
. -. IIOV .. eat, lil1ah 1e Vtf'l7 •enn1t1ve te languago that. r~o:rce~ cGncep\:1
or a.1e ll<lcaWtion, bas &lao poitited out hnv nll-t1ng !;he 'IIO'L'd
''lwusevite10 ~the v11'e 111 not ...,..., an appendage ·to a aan, but te a
hoowe), tile how:ev11'e 14to Me no independence bec&Wie a.'le hu no ccne.v
of hill" 01111 an:l mt:St obey hill" lUll or abe may find heraeJ.t: <>n the etnat1
the uarking ......., 11bo hu to put 1a a eiiCond tull, unpeld wrlcdo,y 1!!\en
:me ""'""" h0111a, 10 that she dooan1 t have a 110mant to thlaJc let alona
part1c4-•ta la a 110v•ant. 1hla 1a not evan a q11118t1cn of YL1.ulag
DIIUiuAl ..... k proparl,y, but or valulag "~~~>•an'• 110rk11 •t sll, so ll>llg ••
w::JlUII1 a role is thot:gbt t,o be "1nhorently" to sarvtt men, we cannot even
get to the quaeiion of 14to does •ental labor,
(6) s .. '(!brk""a ll&ttla Automation, N""" & Lattara, Detroit, 1960,
13298
... ,-:..,,
16,
lh• queetl.:ln of 1lba t kind of ...,.k ,... value oiUl be seen IIOCt
dnlt't.'.oallT 1A our attttude .tcnlll'<l raia!ng ehil.ciJ'en, It ill IIO<d.e~'"
abl.ldrm tb&t 11D01on U'6l l'll131n&l ..., .. the Waeet cap1ta1Ut ,..llld
lll<ve to loldont t\CIII'o ,.,llldn't bo IlNDh •..ao to hill Uta 1t .,.,.,,,."'
etopp<id MYiDI; cbUdren. Yilt the peop1l! 1d:o are given. 1101t ot t::.o. ,lob
of c!li]d CU'O UIJ trMW:I &I 1t tlWo ,._ ...... IIOJ"t M' e,utoatl.:l,
,...,on4n0:] pi'OC_.,_..,,. fllnat.ion"-lobiob d~III'Yoe 110 hup Cl1'
cawp-Uon. ~ v,_., 1e ._. ... t cl.arl,y iA!llloe tr•ta011t or (7) . .
ADC 114therl• lh'IF - oalll!ld "1&!1,;," am cond•ld !or •rlfuiar
fo _.k," and ;c.a1d at a lta'fttiAII lmol, u 1t rdain£ a buna..'> et ' . .
k1d1 -. ao -rt at all, lot a1oao 'lfWJf ~tent wrk.. ~III'Upa tb1e
ito ·put of our ,_.jii;T feUllhic•u producing llSll2k (:z;' Hill I'&1.1AII: . . . .,· ' . . tbeal uvin£ l>&iliee.il til• l ... t or 1~) 1e ·unillpcrJ'tant 11h111 or.l.T
~ .... iolpol'tant.
AU or th1111e quatl.:llll boU do1111 to, , "'obblt kind• or oh.oig• or
· "IIDric rhould buan be1ftea.t.aveJ11 , vhl.:lh 18 the o1111tral '"""Uon tor
buidlirc a """ oooi11~. For ,.,...,,, thie prevadttll ....,..., ieou, fl'IMI·
the t of abortion (tho oh<>i~e .li2!, to railo a ohUd), to IIM:-I.ng the
bo1111...,.k and ohUd-roieing wil;h t!aa illlft and havinr, dq-caro oentars,
(7) 1he WZ'i~ oonoidwe the !ial:lonal Welfare 1!1ghte Drgalliatl.:ln thG fint and grar.tttllt W:>un'• .I.!.I>ant1on or~anisation. Olio aarabor . · has wl.tt•u !I{OV;!.., N4· i- /'0)('
A -.. ~Wr;w!:l' · r'~fAbnld lllfvtt~r4<iMMt 1970) no aiX!h thing as a- tocley7f.Jirttedlllko s 1IC1Wl an;r-eore ••• R£ie1ng ch..il.drell in a P.ocl•~ Uke th1a la: ":.unaoil. •••
·Jhe,y .,...t t.o t.ake a;r ohUdren beoaue I retlll!td ~ ll4lnd til"" ~ I!Chool without auttioient cicthing. lie went dollll~ll\ to """ the Wllll!are officillo (ebout 1norea•1ng the clo~ allowanc~) 1#1 they sal.rl ..,., eould e to,y as long •• "" _...,, t a nu1uftoe, But 1t w ....,.an•t a nuii!&IIC• ~ thaa, tbey'a jV.llt 101.1k qy us all da,y long. I've blocked dooro. bt1a the 110rst thing 1n the 1111rld accordin£ to th... 1he IIOJ'at t..'ainr. in the 110rld tG m" 1o children 11ho don't h&ve .,oll&h cloetaea and enough ~· .. t ...
We are a group Of w:>men ... 0 h&VO joinod togGthel'-... eJ"OUIJ of 10001en 1<11o know 'Wt.at it is to fiy,ht, ..,.t it in b bQ .... t.~ed on, llbat it 1s to bo bit on the head ... ,Fl'eedo" 1s eomething that •11 nf' IIR n-1, lobotan rMUv n!Hld it. p, '·I I ·. ~ ~
13 2 g
9
·'i I I
\'. "'
17.
I'!An!d.r.cHI&a ev1cl.,tly l"eoodltel t.'le 61¥1 or I!O!IISt.hin;! 'llhan the >•iaheat
&IICl ..,.t po~ .Wtary lllight on .... tJa ahouts to the heavens, ..,t !lbol:it
the. """'- or ita r4'fXIucUon, attluonce, 01" nualll&l' u!f:antilMI, but about t.h"
"stran,111 llpSr1t o£ ulaiae tbrollghout the Jam,• 1hla J.an't all due to "aptrit.~ It baa ·~ dHP ec040Jil.c roo~. All one has to do tc aee thia 1s leek at tit•
latat fif:ID'W 011 tl1e at.:te or th& ... """"11• 11Y th• gcw.,..ment's olal ataadl:rd,
tw.v-tin am a W1' ..uu.:.., p.,.,ple Uvecl 111 pov""t;y 3.n 1!710. !lor" thaD
1)o5 w4i1Joa .A~Hricaml ....... eive '11811'ue UBil!taDo_,e o.ut Of ..., ... paoplt~ .!.n
!leW rcn-1< aod 11M Fl'&llOisoo, 01111 ol!t of tour 111 a ...... k. ~.JIIW>t I:Ao :ri-. •' '
·:· to 6.2 ~ c=t• =nd that f'-8111'0 1a a-..iDglesa 'Uh<m it c011n to· the 91ilck ' I ,• ~ •• , {•,- ' ' ' • ' '
' o-un.tt,y 0 .;.,or. unaoplo,Ylllant r:wo to no 1na thaD 25 pe:r cent 111 the oiw.,.. .. - ' . '
' o11;y," . 'lite .nte or povert,y for Jnacks ... 32.1 per cr.nt, ab<iut tb:rM Uau tlie ·- ·' . . . '
rato tor 'llhitea, 111 1970, 1hla 1a during a period or ~t growth that
ll.bal11 hurried to annou»>e "" hA<I :roachrd the trillion dollar ::.Well 1he trouble ,. .
with bia 11Wiptl1'allel.a:! proaperity" 1a that, first o.nd ror....,at, both the ·
collllta.n~ :ruing number or poor and the &rillY ot tll1""Ployed have b:ooa• a11
P!!!'ll!!l!!!1!1 reaturea ot the eco~ as mllitar!zation am OJ11!01ne 'll!ll'a,
'lltua, though tho United States heads the Uat or the major world po....,.,;
111 its axpanditure for the lli1Utary, it is also at the head 111 ita nW!Ib.'ll' or
UD ... ployed. Aooordlng to the u.s • .Ar!IIB C011trol a.'XI Dill&l"lll&llent A.~ency, the
parcOIIltage or the gross nat1oll&l pro:luct for llll1wry plll'poi"S 1o a.s p .... cant,
&8 againat s.B per~ent spent by Groat Brit.!An, 4.1 per COIIlt by l<lellt. U&"lll&l\Yo 111
and allly l p.,.cent by Japan, At tile aamo U..oo/tho Ul11te:i States s Uft""!'loY• ·
11.,.,t "J& ),6 percent. Britl.An 2.5 pl!l'cont, Wol!t Germacy 1,6 percent, Japan 1,2
porcont, lbeso are 1969 figures and an t;1ven hero onl,y for purpoaao of relatill(l
tile Dlille&."'.Y 8)<J>w¥l1turoa to tho unemployment f!glll'os, For &8 wa B&'W aboveo ._....
~~ubl<ld, 13300
18.
. So decadent hae cap1tal.ima became that .v011 t.M rul..lng ol.uo 1t.aelt
-am tllli'l 1d.th at&\e intc-tenUon at all·l.velc, fraa w.r t.o "wl1'ar<:o" fM' the
l>tnBfit of the oapitaUwt ola•-ol!s1.d•,.. ~e $)0 b1ll1cm annuell,y poured illw
,, I ; ; ,,
tt.e Vie~ *" :u boW!g 111eut1'1Dillfttl,y profitable I Eftn tttr u.-, it 1a · "tbo '>
woac w." Hor..,....o tile 111:1'1at.iltn 'llbicb lll&k• the dollar atud ap !n the
11ltamat.ioaa1 .ubt onl:r v1th t.lw orut.oh• of f1lll. atate baOIWit! ti!a!, o~
1'!41ht "ilda.b's..l. hd.ctry" (to Will a-I'J'tae 1!1n111~ wn-•• p111-ua) • ..,_
_ • belpil 1.-d -tte ....,. t.o the fir•t liler1oll8o~o._.._t1ll• _ r110eoa1ono l!ot. all
the' t.r1ou 1n JlimD'• ba&o fl'lllll the •taw pl.lulniug l'!U'fted dllriai; lm'l.d ·lAir
II· tO the r.~ irt«-lc111o cu ··•••· liliiid'iii! r;et tba "ountrT out ot ito! ml!U••
It 1e a!Dko ·•iako .tck. J\UlWit racla..
0'11h1oh ll&kee al1 thee• -eoonall!o burd811!1 fall heavillllt
or.. the Slaake0
hee yet to !>e f'ull,y (!r&aped b,y th'" *it• ....,aluts.onA:-w. :Due
but that. racla reaina .!ill!. iesue &110 •••••••~t~ 1a the cou.-.trT as
a 11hol•• lnoludlng the Wllte revoluUo!llrle~~.
'lllWio u late u 1970. at the very _.,.,t,-111\en the 31Bck at.udenta _..,
coa1ng out ill 11011dar1t;y v1th the 11urdered *lte student• at. l<lllt stat..
Unlv....Uv. the experience vlth Wllt.oa, nat bigots but .... ·olutlonarY mutn.
,... llll&tt.a'int!:• In c\)lltn.Bt to the asae ontpoW'in& of prot.eet all over tile
country te the lent k~a and the eubedlar. inv11a1on, t.h....., ws ver:t nQ&rl,y
total .Uanee on the part of 10hltos to the heppeninga 1n the Sc~, the
murc!erl of Blaoka by pollee and the plAnnc:l and massive gunfil"e poured aut
at t.M lllack -en•a dormlt.oey' at Jaak1110n State. All the BlAcks, 110 ""ttor
'lll&t atrat.o0
avo118d that ,..cism ,.... 1n fact eo deep and lngralned an! il"r..,..
vers1ble as to hold all whites 1n its throes.
'!hue, the !)lack (i.I.fs, the very ones who are et.ll~ in Vietnam,
13301
•.,,
'
; l' ......... _-:...:._ •. '": .'": ~-.: -.- •...
l9o
~e tl>.e- "111<n"Sainati=> as 1n tbo south, arrl aQ a t-JMI' ellr'IT87(8)
~· tlur llaU the filaok P&!lt-hft> u 'llbet th..,. eal.l "eel "'l"'" •er, '!he .
.-.t (the 11h1t., IWl) aot Ilia Ill Ulll< alan•. ~· Jlla.ck ~nthara siva t:>e -et
01!!2 th1";·to.f.ro ~ W f'.U~ thit In aU of OUZO li'VfJI•"
'lh'at a ~k 'IDrk..., ill 1111 e.a al!op eddr "'lhar., 1a no R1d<l1e t'0C11i
1Mf1 -:-• ·11i• ~ .. -e liiNIIPted•ow ha't& to take the llosa• or two evUa.• an
·K"'IOI.; tou Jia..,. to co w tb• •!lz:lir•• -· R&o!.IID :lis th= iliEIIe h~•· IUid r ....
'tllat- D.cd. revolllUoA•" .'lbe -lu14n Qft th• part o! 89'111'J0ft8 in~· •;
.·•· ..
'iil':":(:,'7~·". ~~w~.~~ ;·-.:·ii)~~~aou'or _theefl ISIII'Yeyll -· taken by ravoluu:ftU'i.. · ..... ,, · ·~111i Sit t:bo u-•. 111:1DA1• SO•ltllat'n atra\"1!7 ie not. .a&t tha .ms.~ ..
oi' - ' •' · 1',· " · ·
."_ ;;. -" - ., - , ; • ' , I • • ' ·~· n:r lt s..,; not oar1ng aboUt Blaoke beoauao at tho ldde-aprad ~ · '·{'' ·, -: ', . ; . . .. . Sui 1'or 1n mid ·ord•• ·Br..-ytbing RiJ<!m doc eeya1 I ·don•t. and 10"-' Slack•
• 1970.
13302
13303
In 19611 aU "YOO had tll>"nw! to France tor- it was thdre that the h!gh.,t ftrUptt!':d
point ~ dwel.o)m~~r~t f';)l" all nett Jl&&lions aM nov rc1·~ea had gw. 'Ih~ n•tc•• . r&M,e ani · ·
u:d e::p<Uial.venooo ot. tha apontanaoU>t ,..,. outbll>"st, the/P.ulUpllol.ty or the
&c'ti.I.>IUI f'1'0II haJT1cadea 111 tho IAlt.l.n Qturter- to occupatlM ot ractc.r1M to .. a or . 1J> the turblll""t 1960•• ·
III&Z'n!JW l>!lrked o. to:rniN, ;>o!Jit til hlotor-~ d1•eno1cn. ~"" the rlret ta./a .,..,._
revolutloa upcll>"god 1n a tocbn6l.o~1c..Uy advaloeooc! oounb-,v. For tM 1".!.1oet Uae
01nQe \ha bl!'th or tbco """ glft,..&Uon of r<W01Ut1cnar1 .. did tho atUd""t JIIUth
4lld th., ""rk.,..a unite 1n IWII acUvitl!"'• For the t1ret •..ill"' dl.d the hb>'Jr ....
Studeftt .Al.lJanca til"" 1ta1111' to b<l l>Ot only a noM ro,.. ot •triO!ttl• b~ ~~~ ......,ouor1111 · · ten lil1l.l1on lllll'kBI'I on g8rlaral ab'11ca, b...,.• .
f~oe M thoiJI&IIda of atw! ... ta 1n revolt beo&H/a lllll.1on I'I&Z'CbiJ¥ !81/t ct -«'M
and s~w!ento an:! bowund.vos am olttatotos &a ....U. •• 711Uth bOCMe a .,...,.,...tlrolutl.on
··lindond.nin( de ,;a..u... Yet 'tl.s fact, t~.at 1t ,... onl.Jr a near, not an act~,
revolution! the fact ~t ~~ Frer,,.h CP, thrcll<!h the O'JT, ~ultt kaop th• ,..,.k..,.a
cctllf1ned to 1"'df'M.W.t dl!llllli>IS uhich r.ade. 1t unneo..,aar,y tor de naalle, cnco
he organised the oount.,.-revolut1cn, to need a bloodbath ·to k- the M81 revolt · - not ol'.l.v . . ·
i'l'o10 beoollllM aooial revo..,ut.l.on, natiD'&llY put & quMt1cn 'IIU'k/onr o, ,. .. olu.tion · 1"nnD&.-rci1ats" Uke the
:til>¢ but the_..., "' " "'"' i:alwx Trotak;y1llts wb.o, thollifh thq tollf,ht tho
CP ooun~evolutl.o.'l&ry aoU..-1t!es, heltt Oil to the 81108 ooncopt ot a "v&N;IIo&l'd
P<\rt,y to ltllld the ,:;wolutton.J~l Daniel .;ohn-Bend1t<;g~ a-.,.olutal,y r~ht ld1811 he
u1d that tha aov.aent ,.. beJIIo¥1 tho 810&11 parU"" ..,kit ..,.ted to l...ad. But ho
.... Wl'Ong to bold Oft to 10 abotract 0 V18W of a ph1lo..,pJu" of U.,...aUon ~· to _., Udnk that. theory oan be p1clo:ed up """ route. •(""1Xthout l:haory th& !'01111 to r""olut1cn
led """ route" to nc.'llh~~ra1 the r.volution-to-be •• a ot.W•hlrtho toltkh. onl,r Auric<lr.
1ncl',.aoocl the endl.•s oufl>ut or booh on 1t. Aa ana yaung/revolutl.......,r oJ10 """ a
"' 'lndn.cc parUa~nt in the wertta put 1t: "At no U..e,l848 to 1968, have thoro been 110re ~·•• 110re llolutlot..,, 1101'0 .... _.. thruat l!!!f!L the rorrolut!GnNy aaUona or the I'<>Uah, tha ,1.......,, tho Ct!lilhootl<rr&k, 50¥1 1110st opooa1f1c&lljo the freaoh ues .. tM.t 'llbat 111t are 11itneoo1ng to.:lay.
"Far Sa!' tra, th'" bar!'1caa,. ol FNnce '""! the g..-!..-al strike had a certain reolllblance to the t:aatr6 t.Jpe or WII!'TOI)Uon, Fer ll!lllcuse, tho May revolt we Hao1at l11ca1 1,e., tborll were Upecta oX Cb1n& 0a Cultural R:r~~oluUon. Foil the 'll"otsk;r1«ta, t ,.. a ravolut1cn a1nWJ Ollfi J.nf,rocl1ont - •rNl' va~uord parey, rar ..,.. IIX1Jotent1cUswnaroh1at6 1t w• a col1.eot!1rn IOidnoaa 'Which prow!4r had no 1:oal1 no definite aS..U., no ;oltarnaUve •••• ror C<ohn!land1t and oth.,.s their rolo 1a that OJf 'plant1ng ooedoso 1 .. ( llut)go1o~g l'a-oa the pooa!bla to tho o.ct1.111l 18 not on],).· a task of' the 'NI)rkors, It 1o a tAck for
theoret1c1&1111,•(l2)
DiU""IIIlt as Fl'SI!Ce, Ha;y, 1968 wa fl'OIII Cuba, Januar;y, 19.59, the Wider~
philoaopb;y ot the !lev Wt rM&inod onCJ or anoth"" tl'0111 ot"gWIZ'l'ill.r. llii't:'argn that · · . · All. OAT.iC Wid"" 1ta 1p.U0
beaAIIll IIORt f&IO:IU Wd"" thft title, Revpl.ution W1,thir• R8'1o1Ut1ono/ iiii'GII tboafl .... 0 .!Hd
1111t accept the view thaf: onq the aaunt.'7"i<l•, onl,y 1n techDalogio•ll,y undardavelapiCl
a.:~•F•XIl&ilud "urban gWII'l'lllu", the P<'int
~~!!'~
Dabray'.• r.evol\,tton Ia· thl Revelutiod7 buZ.U vlth mlaatonary &eal "te
free thll ;oreoaut. troca tba pllt,• A areatcr clecaptlon than eltillr that contsiaed In
the titlu 1tf tllla. p:.:G~oua Httlo booklaL 1 .or In tha alleaed narr,..•ll'll: of the
•terral~w of ;uerrllla war to LatlnAm~lee, undarllea tha contention' that, •• as•i~
the cbatrcctioAA of theory, tbla e••\r la baaed a~teiy. on "experience,• iacta, •tba . . . concrete.• 1:r-::r t.he guiae of tbia un_theory, t~ I.IDGt prate·Atlou11 theoretic declatr.•
at!ono are ao>erted which lnde~d chana• tho couroe, not .~ deta!lo, but of theory
and fact, hlator;y and •e .naw dialectic of taaks,• Domlnatl~1 thlo "new dialectic"
11 the need tO. eat up "mllltsry focoa, aot political fecoe.• Poor dialectics, what
crimes ba•11~ not be«n COIIDitted In thy name I
Debray. pulla out from hio fertile aylo • new expreoalon••"the equit~lent
·· oubatituUon• .. '(mlU_t~y c-nd). This is tba .end .reault of the Army replacl113 th~
. Party, replaci.DC t~ Proletariat, replaclna the Peaoantry,only to be replaced· by tl>~ _ .kNiw•lt•a11 0 aea•lt•aU, •Bqulvolent•Subatltution,• the. ca!lltary command, wldc11
'. ' • ' . . •.. ~ .. ;· ~ ... ~ J' .. •
.~nailta mal\:v of· lntellactuala of beu~seob extraction!
. Ou ·finda. tbfot a work!ag clan of reatrlcted oi .. or under the · laf~u~e_cf.a r~orm!•t troda union arlctocascy, ond an Isolated ·~ ~lllated poAOantry, are.wlllina .to aacapt.tblo sroup, of
\ bourllt~il orlaln, ca thai" polltl~al leaclual!lll.•( p,
'·"' -~ . . ~·~
(ilrOYe Pre1a,, l'"r\
/ . ' ./"" .. ~-
.: ..
The "Fool" of "perfW..t •i:ndentaml!iiS~ H•• In ::.e cccepUaCI'I of (l) hl.•urnottoul
· acCivl.t)' as "tl• .-looir - I'O'HClCJII aotl .. tty,u onol (2) tioe COIICluolaa tllllt "tloere" .
• 1.• ao lnaer • piece for ft:rbtl l~oloclcal relattoe co tltl 1<8olutiOD, ao:r fetr a
c:«rtaln type of ,..IRlo.•
O..cat• •f the P"'!Ciuat for 110aallt:kla• vlllob ollaraocarta .. thz boolcl•t,
Ua 115 paaea •r•- -~ao<llJW paean of pra!ae to tlwl ;utttlt.. lo .,.,,_ Ia
t ... allltar, •• .., ..... aa.l •ml, •• et1'8ta&7 and toot tc, •• tudaralll p aad Ullhoo4 ltlltll~,
cllac it ateo -u ..... ·~ t'Mo\'7 cml ·tbe I'Oiitlcat ..,...,,, Ao:conJiaa to Cewa,, "tbe
neaarlftll IIOftlt)' llltr:o:!aced b)' tbe Cuban R8YOhotloll" Ia tidal "TbQ -rrl llc font8
Ia tba perc, .111 alliin-yo .• • n.O.· face tbllt be =oultl not •rely •••ere, but ud to att~M~t
to prove Cuban ortatullty aa tt. quutlon of auarrllla war, utle dlfflc:ulttea·f ....
itbe eta~t~
Tbe fine lla::xtet tbeorlat of ll!•rrllla vcrfare ...,. ll.ao Tn-tuq, ""t ·
Flclel Caotro, Furtlie.....,..., tbe thaola of •treelna eke preoent fl'08 tba paot• lad
c."'"" foaE to fao• with t:ho otmple reality tlult ·It vaa Vletn8:1, na1: tubal, vlolch ,.. •.
praooatly eaaeaed In au•rrttla vorfare on • ... alva •o•le saol .. t tka bleae•t of all
the varld'a lmparlallama, thet of tho United Stataa.
Under tbe etrcUlUtondeo, Debrey eould not attack Cealll'll Glop front.Uty.
Our phllooopher tbereupen hit u;ion tho ldaa of be~lnal"' wltb on ottaok 011 tbe
Trotskyloto (alwoye • oefa bet for Comounlotu)l only eftar tbot could D~bray •~tespt
to move cautl~&JJ to e crttlctaM of other co~pta of •aelf-6e£ensa•r
In Vtetnaa abowe all, and •l•o ln Cblae, •reed a&tf-defenae of tbe ~·•at~, or31ftllao In mllltloo, boo played •~ lmpartoat role ••• bot ••• la no w•y ~id It hrlna outonnaoua canes Into belna.· Tbooa terrltorloo of aelf·dsfsnaa ~r• vtabta onlJ bee•~•• totMl var waa betna cerrsa• out on othor froata ••••
Castro'• total war tneludea • vai:' on Manctat tbeorya ftrct, Gllr:w.:•a tN'tl
theory of revolution •• the obfaettv!!I produced ~leaentat outburat of tha maeaea;
and second, ~enln'• dlctu• that there cnn be "o rewolutlon vlthout • revolutlon.ry
theory. Che Guevara, vhen be apoke, not "th1'ouah• D•bray but In htG own vorda, v••
13305
- ~3 .-
open enou.t~h about ltr
. Tbto , •• uat- Rnoluctoa Wldch oo .. people IUIIIUin c~nt ... dlcta - of ·the '""'t ortlooo:oor pr&aloeo of i:loJ rnotuttoMry -Ill, '""Pft•••d by l.elllat "'lttliocot • ""'olutlonary tbeory tMra lo 11<1 ,.....,lutlonary -nt.• It '"""'• "' oulUble to ooy tbat ::nollot1011ary thft,..,. •• tbe ...,....oalon of " 80Ctal t~r.llt lhlrp .. Qaa ny olecllaraUoa of· ttl tbet lo to ,;-;, .,.,.
lf tlol tbKr7 lo llOt •-· tlla r""olut.lo11 C411t oucc .. d lf blmtorlcll realit)' Ia llttei'P".ted conactt,. """ If tbe fore~• lawol'nd a.. It ,.... utlllud cocnctly. ( )
llallra,. vlll bv$ aotblaa to do vltb tllll opon declaration of a d..,l&tlOft,
""'"" l .. a &a actuol tbeoratle41l arau1110nt1 lnatad, thoro to blo d..,l...,a diatribe,
flrot •a•llllt ."TYota~ylo•,• tban Htolan, and only th~a "t~orotlcetly• aaataot Gt~.
Tbe ••y ha oxphllll C:.otroi~ "berll'" laaveo out the quaotlon of tuory oltqat~r; . . : ' . ' ' .
\
' "Pid&l ~··~ro," he vr1tea,, •ea,. ll•ply tblt t~n la ·no re_volutiofi vi~J:aout_ ~ ,s~c~.-" 1
That t~to to not tho! point In dlapute a..,. ~;_,r,lota; 111 of vb0111 are P.aoloMto ·.· . I'
"v•."nau•rdtate·-~· c!.oea aot: ·Mill tO; dleturb our uat8r of, aubatltuttorl, ••· ba ·retiuoa8
"·· ' t.~ciry .to. a lttoratura of tba absurd, bJ finding •a clooo tie bl>tve•n blol!l&:r (JWh
.bfoloJ!yl) a~d Ideo loll'•"
To seve us lrom~th~ ·vice of oxceastve deliberation," lad the tractton-·
L'llam which ts "• dead--end street," Oebray points "• wamlq finger ••• to tadScate
a ahort .. cut~ 11 It tJ a ~i'lOrt·cut to nowhere. It h • tons road tQ traaedy.
F~r from ~lng D short~cut, ~ch leaa the "gu,ranteed" vQy to echteve
stcte power, guerrtlle v.ariarc ts a long; protracted road whtcb hal more -ofttir;
fntled then s:uccedded~ Our post-war world Is ,filled with auerrtlle vara, fro. tba
Phlltpplnea to !ur=a, fro~ Mataya to tndoneeta, not to aention India and Jepan, thAt
have failed. Tho~ there Is no "magic" to It bu boen bitterly driven·"- by Ct.e•o
t~agtc de~tbl Our poa=-var world, 2s agstn.t tbe polt·w~r vorld fol!ovtna the flrat
World W~r, lacka ".aatd,~ tbe tree mnatc, of the Ru1atan RevoLution wbtcb aet the
13306
_r• •
. '
world •f La... Inn today--• half century aftenarda, when it hall been tranafor~~~d ' '
lnt~ lta op~ai.ttt•-the ot.~tal""l perSpective ~eutna the sreateat force of t;i.,rld
revo~uttonPry 4av•la~nt.
Tblm, tb~n, ia bbe Karx~at barttea~. the paat from vhtch Caatro•a
thaoretlcfan v:ahce •to free thl pr•••nt." Y4 v!ll not aucc10d. lf It '4ere
,,
Mraly tho wrltlr<& of a youn\ Trench phllooophlr, It could "" eaolly dll•laoed.
UnfC!IrtUMtety, he apaaka for a state pcM:ar,· one wbtc:b. pfoturea ttaelf •• ravolutlor~l)' •
lecauae· ebo~cuta to revolution look attractive, it vaa n.ceaaar7 to counter~,...
rgatJty to D•bray's nimble-penned ~~cea.
Tba only."-cgtc" ia that of.!es!!! levolutton--• great maaa tn motion, in
aP<atoneouo, forward oove .. nt, propelled by a pbllooophy of llbaretlon, o Kirxlot ·
t:~~ry Or pi>oleta.rtan w~rlO re'!olutton in wblch the masae~ a·re net cn~y uao ·~nd mu•~1e, 'but •lao ·p181lon an~ Ke~aon.
'lhoJiew lett, net bavlng buU.t on tll1a1 .1!!1t tid! •. tile •n.r abortod .and
s0111'8d rewolut!ona continue 111tllout AI\Y ...... vantag& point r ..... l<hich ~ aee. til•
r.n road• ahead. .'lb1a dooan•t -.. that tha •'Gmeot" theory, if not f!bl""U...,l:; Md t'.l1l;r a...ar.. of tile 011ght of thw C<>un~-:rwc;l.:aUon . , ·
groundlldo/110ul.d bavo bl-o~ht the llilleni110. Ito nett eta,;e of copl~ aaa bo , .
.......... WvO tho> col):!1tiona for .. r.ew Plllli!:B to fJoeeo:IOOI bave not aru..n. \oh&t th ..
frag1118ntat1on of the """Loft, the PI'Cillr_Uo.., of all t,ypoa or ahortcuto to r
luUon d1aclosod 1Co that lia new att...pt had bun oooda to relate theae ""'"'• new
11thC>Or1CIII11 eitl\111' to the r!gorl of 111stor1cal l!lltar1al.iaol that 1a at tile ...... thte.
a theo..7 or aco1&l r<m>luUon or to "'11 """ objective C<>B:i1t!onao a:w:t leas to th.,
IIIOV,..ant fi'OOI below, tllo prox1u of the m&BBMo ~11'~18111 1n thour.ht has w&<lked
its veng811111110 also 111t'l1n the !!lack di:a!IIUI1on 1r.acfar •• the aalf..proolaill!od
vanguard leedlll'ehip ill ccncwned, r.
llol'e lillookinr. that the 11111¥!loae activU;y of the \-/o;oithorotllll\ faction or the
sns, its "IA,y& of 1.1'4th11 and "bomb factol'18& 11 that .... coaaded anl,y in blcwin€ Up
their awn activ.lats, """ thu spllt within th• mo~t l't.dical ar.d nost pop•ll&r
alaclt Panth,. Party, 'Jho ~l.n:lloss accounts far the apllt between Huey HO>Wton arxt
13307
-zs-. •::Wr1dga Cl~'l'er fl'OIII' both eourceu<~j be o.~count...d mre ra~U, by t1111 facte
tJI&t both -· bolatlld 1'NII til'* IIUBell, both a.:alctl..o in th.UO h,ybr.IU, •hltUlll!
ntlloiopls:Jtt or IIL:lok lll>tlolllllllllo llllo18111, and a J'&tb.,. wit;llllll fol'll ot 111011P'l<l ~n
({UII'I'J.la-1-. Bllt tbl11 ODMOt 1.,.,.,. the llhoek ot til• !Qao!c 7011th ..., ~ not
baYe 'been l!llllber'e or ~10 !Qaclc Panth.,.ll but n.,erthWIII Vlll"'l Glad th<t ~nt.!>~·a oan be
_.., thw-..:1 tb•• 7Cilt~J/ft1111berftd by tile tllt>IIIIIOIWI a• •cairult the -.w*!p w t oan only be -bwed 1>7 th .. bllndPad•, an:! that Dnl,y foP a bzoief p.,..l.od, .a
l'llpf'•ctatlYII ~t """" 0110 ot the Mjor OAI!pllll-ieb1pn StA to !hlveJ'slt.y.;_
resdsa •lha .!.88118 0'1 t.he 10pUt t:e~ the Slade P&nth_. lllld_.:!ldp bu l!Jtt
l!leJ\\" bliaol: paoplo d181U!JIIioiii!Cl with tbat group, . :Iht> battle ~ tae II• Ym-k Cft!upad tbe Olllcl.am c.tatl'lll c-ittea bq lone 'bMn •idn&. the taud batWCA
. !Iewton and tile nine Blaalai bo ap.Ued hoe! the JIAJ'V AlddM 1;11)1'11 tw to. the t1re, I!!Oet llllao"'nc or aU, ._, .. , 18 the ~tl.c q-.w.l heW.. Sldrldca ani! IC&thl"" Cl••_. 1n Alt!lc'11, 111118trat.d .1n the Panthw fliP"" a !w Wlkll lf:O• .
' "'1218 ~'·" ...,., that·tho Pantb .. • etlllsat -•· 110t troa the , Illaclc ..... ..P.llal or tha1r 1cleolou. bv.t rm. the cO.awiiBl RUdAl"i'io:(of 'Blaclc,, acd oppr•IOIC! people -~· :IhJ• - ill true ffll' Angela llli!118o Ertii'J'body rJJI&Y•
·.not ova tor 'CcMunS.a', ·but ~ care tfll' ~tol& bacauMa •h• 141 a Slack -n. Ollti 'dlto:', pelnUn!!; to a 111111boiOriOIIrtA11Hd p.lliltara C>tqela that appg~&rlld In tho Chlnoae FNB .ud ,.. ioeprcduoed 1n We•!!. §e!!!s!. told "'a that @WI lboWI hav ..,., tho !<~11M and adneee aN NO.lllt. aor ·
· "'lit" 1nt ... .aat•outHB11 ot !llcleka it/a'J.ivo •• evu-. I.a11t P'I"Jt!ay thq tWd &
Cb1nl t.,y up b .. a. llaba-'1. Wlll!&u - In fl'OIII Ann .Arbor to q>el!lr, al.c>nc ld.tb ;.otl'ltaw lfiA~e author. or ~.lim· lhel"11 -·• tH<t tU.. on· Cb1na 11un1n th&t to IUl ~ allllieftile that WI «t losaat cn,..tblrd !llack, or COIII'H, .tlta · '&clrtill~l.Je1 l!ao18tll pl:u Sill 00<1 a f1old da,y tryi..'lg to sell lltorat~~re. But 'Obe crcnod t ahlout to 1>11r tbo1111 Mao buttons 'Chollf;h they dlil 'mQ' booka on China. Fooople I've t.lketl to are l'l'&tty IIUCb feci 'IF wit:> the JII"'IIOIAtlo, ..UU.t pbilosopll,y RGR vang>.ardll oocp:'oaa. w.•ro looldll£ for a total phUoacpb.y, Pan-Atl"1oan~, .llier.lc&!l ot,yle. 1a ol!.cbe, It 18 balilg Wled as an a~eaaP.• b&tch and ~1al fada by 'lobltoe, n-ue Pano·.lfr.l.o&rollaa llb true brotbarbiiOd, 18 a boautltul 1clch 'that 1s >m'tb fighting ror. But - that the cat hu been lott oat or thll bag, w r"•• .w are bagir1n111G to ••• that ataclc, W.., cab be ool"rllpt.
r.Hlack l/OUth 111'0 looldng f01' liOOto>tJI~, IORIItftlng total, ... lletnJ.n;t that ,.,uld, once and foP aU, fl!ld the d1vls1on botwen t.be !'oal and the 1clotl,"
>hather or not 14b&t that !llack atwant !J&TII 1s a Mn1fllltatlon or tho
Hegelian COIIC"'>t that tho transoondenoe of tho oppoa1Uon batwen Nation and
realit.y reets 1n llubjc:Uvitv aloiW, 1t la clear that, fer the bliack 11/lsa,., ·
black consc1uull!lese, areneae of th<111selves A8 Afro-AIIarioan with a dual horit&r,e
(l4) (~)ill&c!s i'ant.hm·,
13308
; '
Mil IIP~kA Fide, 11 CWltin:ill;r o1' rel'olt, 1n a d1-1ve toward w!loleneae, ao ~·•
tlJI.t, it ~!~:!ale boli ... M lt. OM 0"111'0001" tho Bepal'llt\011 between objeoUYe and nbjiiCtlfto m.ak . i!ol'IIIIY«'• tb111 u .,.=~ not. 11nl,y or/col.lAr,e ;routh but. or !llAck 'llllrll:~~re who
1!11(1 c=t. tidJI!lld lml! .,_.,tAr./ school Ilion tllq Wlll'tl o.,.Ued to seek tfiC t.o:oy joJ~ IUtlulr i111111:111t iM ldlop p1per11 !NUIIC! 11)' c lllaok e&lllll18 1A an auto 11110)8 1A Jlel;$'0lt aallad
ope;\l.y' t• -"revol!ttlon•Cl§), or linted 1teelt to tile co!W'et.e c!...anda tos- \l!IIRI!1llc
ot m.olaao ftlloi ot Wl,y m!w dep&rt:o<~~Dtl, 1101'& represoatatiun 1A tile h!/lhact t;;~h~.OIUI
ot t1w Mlu, tiw:r .U plrtlo!pde 1A vS.ldoate eiah lllb<)v thq are u ~ to tear
t1oe labor baH!lllllftiCIJ' \tp bJr lte roote a "' rlcl S.teelt ot ~te. JlfQil one ot
the IIDWte ~ NDIOII.tl,r etqii'-Gd ldlll!elt Cll 1'ol1A>w1 "lil£ •at popular '!lll!'c!
111 b lbop •- clap 181 l'ef01ut1o.lla17• In the pan, er.a 'tlben "" didn't parret the
· _llllllliz llll1oll laid~ Ml oaU varkera 1C:C.mmt•tS1 , 110 'IIGnld 8bT aW¥ trooa &IIT
vork81'. d~ tdaiJ&lf' .t.O be a 'rneluUoM<r;r.• !lev ... aq to tdal ·-be for' . . '
-{15)11!11!!,,_ ~''""'• PlUM. !'or a cnt~u0 ot thea• paper• Nld_&ll ~is or Gbop P8P«'lJ UD and llllDp O&li0118.. ill" &11!18!'&10 ... !!laak cau:.oUIU, bJr Q)Ulee ~b!ro Rn VOloVIIof), S1:mlsfl%'o 19$/ - · - . .
•tu't.«< 111 tb•
13309
- :..._ .. ,,., . .,,., ___ ··-··-
13310
llo cma ·111 saylng that "" ue on the thr""hol.a oi' .r ..... alutlon •.. 'lh" tact
. t.~.=t· th• .?lJ!4 of l"eT~"utio~, ~o~.-. 1• 1n the air ev•~ ltbw41 ve ..,.. Mt 1ft
a pr..,.,.....,lut1ct!BJ7 ol.t!!!!t!!>n,: that thlo idea io by"",._ ll.mlta.! te the
.J'GWJg 11'1 .. tha 1111U..Vietllu war ., .. .,...,t, but 111 prNent Alllo on the &MJ' !loor
~ ·t;~o~ "qUS.CIIollftt" lsbol-, 1pMka YOlui.ao &>bout the ph11Deoph1a~t11>&1
uatiD'l~y or 0111" IlK•• w• •:r bav .. "" !llogal OJ' ila1"X or Iania, loll&t "" do have,
bo...,.,_., ill What no cith.,. &r• hcdo-the ..,veunt /roa pnoUoe that doea not
•top at pruls, ~t ia J.talllf a torm or theo.,., Clbr• ltJnd• or ravolutif.lna
· ban au'k..i cur· as-th• Noot EllropMII agaiMt ':O.Uniat. totolitar1an111a!. the
.ur0-A81Aon ega1nat W..terl\ !Jrpar111ll1111 the t.~.tcal that, tar .fr:Jii l""th;;;x
turalng WI all ll>,llo one-<1111,-ional 11en, oauaed ...i-kii!'!J tc. poaa quution About '· ' . I
th'o Js.i.ll! 0£ labol' ~- lboUld do• the !!!.i:: o£ the d1v.l81on batvwen aenta.t and·: . ,. '• , • 8J!!!!i,. •(I
IIAiluallAt>Gr, the netd for raval.utioiW".Y o~• h4 w 11011 at the point. or
. ,. diltlllftaian aid that that will 1leo 1ntena1ty the oontradictlone within labor,
. : . IUICf not onl,y \d.tb capitol &r¥! tha labor btll'BIUC:-acy, cannot un:l81'111ine 1!!1&t I.e t ..
the ,...,U ~&l'olutiolW'y ide& t.bat le 1n t.h" a1r an! ll1l.l objectivel,y cciapal .
,.,ita labor •to td<11 aidee 011 as a .mole, 1<bite labor baa not rdJ.ed mn·~ lhun
bo with lllauka 1n the labor 3trugp;].ee. Ill an,y cue, it is allve1 it 1a 1n
aerioue ol&as battliJII ~0:1 this la the period or econcllllc cr1s111 and d~
Ulleoployaent that ratlillee ·~~ge 1n the age of AutoMion.
'!he oniJII WI) are ~he Id"" :>re not th<> IIINI8118, but the elitist
lMdarship 'lbich has lln'Og&ted to itself the ''malclJt~ of rPVDlutionc", or, 1110re
correctl.y put, tho orderiW of u,..k!.ro: revolutione". It le no aecirlent that
thOiie turn out to b& the abaolute opposite: nounter"revolutlollll. 'Lhlfi ln ~""'
not only or the CPs """od with state power lo.bo crnah ravolutiono, nor or 2Pa
nabJ•• < atlll out or powur IIIlo uno th~ir control of tho tradn unions ~he WID
that po_. and >•efo,.,.,lst i:i..,lco:.r to atlrl;; tha rev6llut1ona>·y urr,e, aa the
Ol&t1ts-collaborat1otlist !"ronah :·p :llJI ln :.·ay t l96U. i.hO U.nlquanesa of thH dla.lectic
~ in Uprcotl.n; tlta countm'"re"Jolutlon within tho r~volut1on 1a u!'.at ""'dtt
·, ..
. '.· .·' 'I "·
... --·-····"·· .. ,.--·~-. . '-··-···· , •.. -:""·.'F~' , .•. ·."
-· . ordtll'
' . • -•-. 1""~92) 1B tbAt 11111ch CllU..od Stalin to ~ tbe · Jieal eo .u,,. Ill -· ,.~ • .
~vion or ftU!a JMP\taG or the IIIPUoA" 1Ycio dle "l&WII" or 1h• d!Albctic
. · ~ ~· •... --· oould :I.Jal.-d ciiAniS tile courr.<> ;>t bbt/:'17 • ... u •• fiat. -~ .. -· ..... _ 1118 rela~ or theol7 Ill ·b!a~ u a JIM~ ralat1o-•b4p oo"'p''l.8 a
. · tho.....; t.a4apeD!ct otUif mto Cll'l~ :l6ak e111o at &< .. dodo !ll.l'ldAw 11bo, · ..-m ""u (
· · ~-• • ...... ooceopt l _ .. .., tr. tile _, ~~>1 tbtir. bon• 14~ ~ oapl...,..__ i ,-.. -.... --. '·
-• -'--Sat Lsok or OO!ItSd....,• 1A tl>O&o ••- ts or 11>• ~ or tbco pr ..... - • _..,_, Mll""•'li• n
the - root or ell... <tbj«>ti.oM Ill "Stiealtstloo ..,._ • .
. · 1he - d-\ of tNtb tut .n thotl• c!e~ton ot J'A&8l. ap>'OIIa 1a
. . . . •- s.o-.u- iaoliiUIII tbat of lfeJ<ll.. Fer, v11hout -~ ..- w bl'dk vt.th boUI'Seo... • .
. · ·ICD'It'• 'Olft1clu dillaot'lii'T or the •tarUl!at rollllllat;i!ou or b1~toz'T•, Bepll"' . .... .. . . . . . ~~-· •--"-PI 1n IUl i«..u- ., _, a~~st.Ut wugb to~~U:!a I'W&...,... ...... - . . . . . .
allGw tcr IIIP.f:oi u .epology tar the Pruzsaian '.tate. 11&1! ltii!'X not hrok1111 vUb
bo~ia !d.U.. !r. 1t11 pb1loeoph1c r- •• wall ae 1ta elaes nat1D'o be 11011ltl
r.ot baYe bND able· e1tbSI" to dioclos" tbo al«ehra1c. romula or rev~utico 1nh...eftt ·
1A 1ho Bepoliaa ci1A1ec:t1o, or to recreate tile d1alact1c that -e'ed out o!.' the . .
ailtual cl&lls lltrliQlea Md proletar.!An rBVDluticM, Md 11ketobed out ~
selt--llllt 1Ato "JJ ........ t r090lut1on."(l7)- For Olll' age, bo-.er, 'llbat ill
!.lodJa~ 110re relevet tlwl the Pruuian •taw•• prl- hous11 for the Hegelian
or the Bogellannllarxian c11AlecUc. 'lbat acsdea1o 11an:1a ia aJ,., engap! !a
tusr.ing a111Q' 11t "llepllan!llm" ill onl,y prcot that tbere 111 no "tb1rd ""Y" ill
tbfi =c~ .. or ' ' 11 ....,. thoqgbt than tbGra is 1A th• alas• •t>o~;lo. Petty. -· boiD'!!';<o~tls eubj.,.,t!Vlet 11!.11 al.~ e!ldec! b,y hold!ng on t!l ~ stat!! po>~W, end . .... .. illtelhctwh ....
AOII'_. 110zoe 1111 tball ill our •t=.te-oapital!at aco/110 zo1ddon tbzoouelo v1tb &II•
(17)11• natiii'Bl.l,r I!DI: Ni'erzoing eUh.,.. to n-Gtak;T1 D theory that b.Jp&aaed thot l'erollltJ.oftmT p,.I!Mtry. nor to Mao's theol'J' ..W.cb hal! by nov degrade:! to
tbo • ..,_truetr.e ot culture, but to llai'X•a or1gill&l proaulpUon or ~" 1n hl• Addrn• to tbe Gotaun1st Icp, 1850. 13311,
v" ./' .
. -~-·
ln\Otlleotual.e. FID'tho>llt. fi'CIOI the od.nda or aUU.t/leed~o 1n pillrUoulu, is the eel~-
dw~t ot t1111 Mfl& .. 1tbo th=ilelvoa teuld auk!' tho prlndpl.. ... ot tho
dW>IooUo. ret .U tho 11w ~· ror tll1101'7• tor JihnORIP\Y aa wU•• fflt" l'ftoluUoiiU)' zo-Mt:Notkln or aoa1e~ on totall,r nav b- toua:I&Uilna,
bu - 1n ol'll' ap rr- the ~~p<~ntaJMooua outbilzo•tao• the -lei OYII"o •&elr.,cfiter
aiM.Uaa 1ft ~ oloao the Idft ~ ~ to bGU' ltalolt IP'I&fc" •• ~ tv tltoGO
ficht.ill£ tor •alr-<t~Uc:>. be that .rau-l., Ill" "1nd1Y1dlal.• &••• tao,
~«-.til- azo• t1oo lt1D:Ia or lll!bjecUvlt;v. au tho pu-t or 'lh• LMdc- 1t ic
~~~~~tu'iM tll&t M&t& oa ol'dlll'iftc th• •- to ~ bUd. M<l bUd_., loq Md ... ._.... . .
~ holll'•• llllko "1 d&7 • 20 ,.... •• • It tho OJII'l'rlito po1o,/ 011 th• ~ ot
. the =s== -..1 tli&t d- !nol111!.,1'CYolut1oiiB17 .tri~..;Wil8, ,.auth .• !ally ·· ·.
~.!lg wlt.b .me- ·am p•U~>ts, diaclt and Wid te-lt ~ tho t;n.o or Sab,.;.~dt;v ~.
*1cb. &1m'& ot the wt&Ut;T ot the.,..,.:~:~ a.ad .,.Utlalll. ad ... , that IIIJ!'ka ,to ,)'
OYOI"OOII~ tho ~pcdUon beMliQ etbjoctlvo ud. aubjootin, theoey &Ill itr.cU.eo,
!lotion lind R..Uv •. It~ tb1a ~oh·hu ado illl;ol 10 !J011\MpCil'&:l"7• .It~ this tum1n& .
llhloh h .. fJooGd ll&n troll the aootilies of Collltun.l.a tv • i 1o dhw hill or~.lnal,
th010:17 or zoerolutiori. pbUD:.ophy or libma Uon. ~thoroU£beo1ng 11a tar&U..: or
8.-ntla" .\nto the"ecor~:1a1ng principle" of tocl&71• I'OVOl•ltionazoles. And it !e 1914
till& 14111ah h&a brolll!ht wtto til& h1etor111 stage Ladn's/bralc with h1a o...,
pblltl10ph1o past that led hill to declazoe "Cognition not on1.r retlscts tb0UIIl"ld0
but 01"11!\to& u.• It 1• true, or colll'a~ indeed thlll'o wollld bt aca~ fund&
aect.&ll.7 ulsD 1t tt _.. othC~">.'ia-that .Marx &Ill IAn1n 110lved tile pzo,.blou or
their &g110 mt CI:"Co Sti'ollf, foun:l& tiona have baM ld.cl tor 1Z8 ottaa "" :I"IJCOi(ftiaa tli!loug!l ft•aaond neptlvll;r"• or
that the lMp trOI1I n<>ce•&l t,y to traedODI cannot be dona oth.,..;,u• ~ aa Han
put it, on ''poaltive HWI&ftial ew tJnr. tnoo ltealt .• Arl,y ~ buls, !lit: other lG&dozoa u 11Ment.tl. :t"'!IJOa1tor.laa"0 or
bae1e 0 Nbotlier that bo the state aa "collect!,.. P"'POI"V"• or/Po.r't.T aa "'"'IP"•••ont.•tJ"•
ot tlis probtazoi&t, lnttNd or tile popwtion "to a man" be'•s t!1at "lndlddllillt.J!, lnt.,.•raras
fiooed fl'Otl all that b+mrps with ita wt1VCI'IIA11.!nlo 1•"•• fraedaa" WDuld onl,y lMcl
13 312 to atlll ollfl other t.yrann.y. 'ihe inherent logic of pzoaeect-day ravolut1ono. ll!!k
I,.
.';
.,,
!Jae LMd_.o w the a1wiloell "nUIIiptllln" of JlhUDftpi!,.Y. t. "'" wy ~IMidll":I!C:. tbat CI!A11rta11H" plltlNoJIIITo 1.e.,; .aa!Wrve t.Gt&l ~~
-te ala - &II! -. It t1 '"• -- tuk of the qe.
1111)'.19?1 - -,, (
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13313