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A Member Of

COM1012

A Member Of

COM1012

MO1 MO2

Describe basic computer hardware, software, input,

output, communication and network devices.

To apply the suitable office application to

fulfill given task.

1

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Learning OutcomesDifferentiate among various

styles of system units ondesktop computers,

notebook computers, andmobile devices

Describe the control unitand arithmetic logic unit

components of a processor,and explain the four steps in

a machine cycle

Define a bit and describehow a series of bits

represents data

Differentiate among thevarious types of memory

Describe the purpose andtypes of expansion slots and

adapter cards

Differentiate between a portand a connector, and explain

the differences among aUSB port and other ports

Explain the function ofpower supply

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The System Unit

The system unitis a case that contains electronic

components of the computer used to process data.

All computers and mobile devices have a system unit.3

case

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System

Unit

DriveBay

Power

Supply

Sound

Card

Video

Card

Processor

Memory

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The System Unit The inside of the system unit on a desktop

personal computer includes:

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Drive bay(s)

Power supply

Sound card

Video card

Processor

Memory

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The Motherboard The motherboard is the

main circuit board of the

system unit A computer chip

contains integratedcircuits

Memory chips areinstalled on memorymodules that fit in a sloton the motherboard.

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main circuit board

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Processor The processor, also called the central processing

unit (CPU), interprets and carries out the basic

instructions that operate a computer Contain a control unit and an arithmetic logic unit

(ALU)

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basic

instructions

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Processor The control unit is the component of the

processor that directs and coordinates most of

the operations in the computer The arithmetic logic unit (ALU) performs

arithmetic, comparison, and other operations

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Processor

For every instruction, a processor repeats a set of

four basic operations (fetch- decode- execute-

store), which comprise a machine cycle. 9

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Processor

The system clock controls the timing of allcomputer operations

The pace of the system clock is called the clockspeed, and is measured in gigahertz (GHz)

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Data Representation

Most computers are digital

Digital signals are in one of two states:

on or off

Most computers are digital

The binary systemuses two unique digits (0 and 1)

Bits and bytes11

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Data RepresentationA computer circuit representsthe 0 or the 1 electronically bythe presence or absence of anelectrical charge

Eight bits grouped together as aunit are called a byte. A byterepresents a single character inthe computer

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Data Representation ASCII(American standard

Code for Information

Interchange) is the mostwidely used coding

scheme to represent data

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Memory Memory consists of electronic components that

store instructions waiting to be executed by the

processor, data needed by those instructions, and

the results of processing the data

Stores three basic categories of items:

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The operatingsystem and othersystem software

Applicationprograms

Data beingprocessed and the

resultinginformation

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Memory

Each location in memory has an address

Memory size is measured in kilobytes (KB or K),

megabytes (MB), gigabytes (GB), orterabytes (TB)

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O O2

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Memory The system unit contains two types of memory:

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Volatile memory

Loses its contents whenpower is turned off

Example includes RAM

Nonvolatile memory

Does not lose contentswhen power is removed

Examples include ROM,flash memory, and

CMOS

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Memory

RAM (Random Access Memory) is a memory

chips that temporary holds data and instructions

in current use . (operating system, applicationprograms and data)

RAM chips usually reside on a memory module

and are inserted into memory slots 17

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Memory RAM is much faster to read from and write to than

the other kinds of storage in a computer, the hard

disk, floppy disk, and CD-ROM. Memory cache speeds the processes of the

computer because it stores frequently used

instructions and data

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Memory

However, the data in RAM stays there only as long

as the computer is running.

When the computer is switched off, the contentsof the RAM are lost.

When user turn the computer on again, the

operating system and other files are once again

loaded into RAM, usually from the hard disk.

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Memory

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Memory

Read-only memory (ROM)refers to memory chips storing

permanent data andinstructions

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Data has been written onto a ROM

chips, cannot be removed and can only

be read.

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Memory Flash memory is a non- volatile

chip that can be electrically erased

and reprogrammed. Complementary metaloxide

semiconductor (CMOS) technology

provides high speeds and

consumes little power.

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Memory Access timeis the amount of time it takes the

processor to read from memory

Measured in nanoseconds

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Expansion Slots and Adapter Cards An expansion slotis a socket

on the motherboard that can

hold an adapter card

An adapter card enhancesfunctions of a component of

the system unit and/or

provides connections to

peripherals

Sound card andvideo

card

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Expansion Slots and Adapter Cards

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Expansion Slots and Adapter Cards With Plug and Play, the computer automatically

can configure adapter cards and other peripherals

as you install them

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automatically

configure

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Expansion Slots and Adapter Cards

Removable flash memory includes:

Memory cards, USB flash drives, and PC Cards /

ExpressCard modules

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Ports and ConnectorsA port is the point atwhich a peripheral

attaches to orcommunicates with asystem unit

(sometimes referred

to as a jack)

A connector joins acable to a port

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Ports and Connectors

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Ports and Connectors On a notebook computer, the ports are on the

back, front, and/or sides

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Ports and Connectors Port Types

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Ports and Connectors A USB port can connect up to 127 different

peripherals together with a single connector

You can attach multiple peripherals using a single USB

port with a USB hub

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Power SupplyThe power supplyconverts the wall outletAC (Alternating Current) power intoDC(Direct Current) power

Some external peripherals have an ACadapter, which is an external powersupply

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Power Supply

AC adapter

Power Supply