table 1. matrix of occurrence of the 80 frequently sighted ... · table 2. range use (50%/25% ud...

Table 1. Matrix of occurrence of the 80 frequently sighted individual dolphins that were also sighted in 20102005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

ID # of Stg. J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N DCH12 18 C W SW C W W W W W W W W W W WCH25 15 W W W W NW W W WCH34 34 NE NE NW NW NE NE NE NW NW C NW NW NW NE NE NE NW NE NE NW NE NW DB NW CCH38 20 C W SW W SW W W SW W W W W WCH98 33 NW NW NW NW NW NW NW NW NW NW NW NW DB NW NW NW NW NW DB NW NW

CH105 10 C C W C NW WCH108 15 W W W W W W W W W W W SW SW

CH113 14 W NW W W W W NW W CCH144 11 C W W W W W SW WEL01 57 NE NE NE NW NE NW NW NW NE NW NW NE NE NE NW W W NE NE

EL03 11 W C SW W SW NW SW SW W SW W CNL06 14 NW NW NE NE NW NW NW NW NW NW

NL11 64 NW NW NW NW NW DB NW NW NW NW NW NW NW NW NW NW NW NW DB NW NW NW DB

NL12 20 NW NW NW NW NW

NL18 72 NE NE NW NE NW NE NW NE NE NW NW NE NW NE NE NW NW W NE NW NE NE NW NE NW NW NW

NL24 135 NW NW NW NE NW NW NW W NW W NW NW NW NW NE NW W NW NW NE NW NW NW NE NW NW NE NE NE NW W NW NW NW NE

NL33 39 NW NE NW NE NE NW W NE NE NE NW NE NW W NW W NE NE

NL37 42 NW SW W NE NW NW NE NW NW NE NW

NL46 33 W W C NW C NW NW NW NW NW NW NW W NW NW NW NW

NL48 33 NW NW NW NW NW NW NE NE NW NE NE NW NW NW NW NW NW NW NW

NL49 17 NW NW NW WNL60 28 NW C C NW NW DB NW DB NW NW NW

NL75 16 NW NW NE NE NE NW NW NE NE NE

NL93 22 NE NE NW NE NW NW W NW NW NW NW NW NE

NL98 72 W NW NW NW NE W NW NW W NW NW NW NW NW NW NE NW NW NE NE NE NW W NE NW NW NE

NL103 32 NW NW NW NW NW NW NW NW NW NW W W NW NW NW

NL104 46 NE NW NW NW W W NW NW NW W NW NW NW NE W W NE NW NE NW

NL118 32 NW NW NW W NE NW NW NW W NW NW NW W NW NW NW NW

NL120 51 NE NW NE NW NW NW NW NW NW NW NW NE NE NE NW NW NE NE NE NW NE NE NE NE NE NE NE

NL123 69 W NW NW NW NW W NW NW NW W NE NW W NW NE NE NW W NE W NW NE NE NW NE NE NW NE

NL128 30 W W SW W W W W W W SW SW W NW W SW NW CNL136 20 NW NW NW NW NW NW NW NE NW NW NW NW NW NW WNL139 62 NE NW W NE NW NW NE NW NW NE W NW NW NE NW NE NE NE NE NW NE NE NW

NL145 19 W NE W NW NW NW

NL153 15 NW NW NW NW NW NW NW NW NW CNL156 10 NW NW W W WNL165 28 NW NW NW NW NE NE NW NW NW NE NW W NE NW NW W NW

NL179 21 NW NW NW NE NE NE NE NE NW NW NE NW NE NE NW

NL188 26 W NW NW NW NW W NW NE W NW NE W W NW NW NW W NW

NL191 29 NW W W NW C NW NW NW NW NE NW NW NE NW NE NE NW

NL202 23 NW W NW NW NW NW NW W NW NW NW NE W NW NW NW NW NW

NL205 12 NW NW NW NW NW NW NW NW

NL206 20 NW W W W W W W W SW W W SW W W W WNL212 13 NW NW W W W NW W W W W CNL213 11 NW NW NW NW NW NW NW NW NW

NL215 13 NE NW NE NE NW NW NW NE W NE NE NE

NL219 12 NW NW NW NW NW NW NW NW NW NW

NL220 14 NW NW NW NW NW NE NW NW NE W NW NW WNL224 13 W NW NW NW NW NE NW NW NE W WNL233 19 NW NW NW NW NW NE NW NW NW NW W NW NW NW

NL242 15 NW NW NE NW NW NW NW NW NW W NW

NL244 21 NW NW NE W NW NE NW NE W NW NW NW NW NW NW NW WNL246 12 NW NE NW NW NE NE NE NW NE NW NE

NL258 10 NW NW NW SW W W NW W NW

NL259 11 NW NW W NW W NE NW NW W NW

NL260 21 NW NE NE W NW NE NW NE NW NE W NE NW NW

NL261 13 NE NE NW NE NW NE NW DB NW NW NE

NL265 13 NW W W W W W W W

Table 1. (cont'd)2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

ID # of Stg. J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N DWL04 13 NW NW NW NW NW W W NW

WL05 18 NW NW NE W NW NW NE NW NW NW NW W C W WWL09 20 W W W W W NW W W W NW W W C W W CWL11 37 SW NW NW NE NW W NW NW NE NE NW NE NW NW NW NW W NW W C NW

WL15 38 SW W W W SW W SW W W W W W W W W W WWL17 13 W W W SW SE WWL21 26 W W SW W W C C W W W W SW W W W W NW W C WWL25 71 W W W W W W C W W SW W NW W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W SW W W W W W W W W W WWL28 10 W W W W W W CWL29 13 W W W W W W W W W WWL37 15 C W W W W W CWL42 37 W W W C W W W W W W W W W W NW W SW SW W W W W W W W W CWL44 12 W NW W SW W NE W W NE C NW

WL50 21 W W C W NW W W W W W W W W W SW W W W C WWL55 25 W W SW W W SW W SW SW W SW W W W W W W W SW W W WWL61 17 W W W W W W W W W W W W W WWL62 25 W W W W SW W W SW W W W W W W SW W W WWL69 26 W W W W W W W W W W W W W W SW C SW W W CWL72 21 W W W W SW SW W W W W W NW W W NW

WL73 14 W W SW W W W W W W W WWL74 13 SW W W W SW W W W WWL84 12 W SW W W W W W W W WWL86 16 W W SW W SW W W W W W W W W SW

WL87 16 W W W W W SW W W W CWL88 24 W W SW W W W W W W W W W W SW W SW W SW SW

WL91 11 W W W SW W W W W CWL108 21 W SW W W W W W W W W SW SW W W WWL109 24 W C W W W W SW W W W W W W W W W C WWL111 12 W NE NE NW NW NW NW NW NW NW

WL114 15 W W SW W W SW W NW W W W WWL116 18 W W W NW W W SW W NW W W CWL120 11 W W NW W W W W W WWL123 19 W W W W SW W W NW W W SW C WWL132 10 W W W W SW W W C WWL137 10 W W W W W SW W W CSL05 25 W W W W W W SW W SW SW SW W W W WSL27 19 W W W SW W SW W SW W W SW W WSL35 45 SW SW W SW SW SW W C W W SW SW W W W SW SW W W W W SW W W W W W W WSL40 18 SW W SW W W W W SW W SW SW C W SW

Table 2. Range use (50%/25% UD core areas and sighting coverage) and residency pattern of 67 individuals with 15+ sightings from the PRE humpback dolphin photo-ID catalogue during 1995-2010.

(abbreviations: MP= Sha Chau & Lung Kwu Chau Marine Park; CLK= northeast corner of airport; BR= Brothers Islands; WL= West Lantau; DB= Deep Bay; EL= East Lantau; NEL= Notheast Lantau; NWL= Northwest Lantau; SWL= Southwest Lantau; SEL= Southeast Lantau; CH=Chinese waters) (* denotes individuals that have their gender determined by biopsy sampling)

Age 50% UD Core Area 25% UD Core Area Occurrence in Survey Areas

ID# # STG Class Gender Residency MP CLK BR WL MP CLK BR WL DB EL NEL NWL WL SWL SEL CH

CH06 33 SA ? Seasonal Resident √ √ √ √ √


CH25 15 SS F Seasonal Visitor √ √ √ √ √

CH34 34 UA F Year-round Resident √ √ √ √ √ √ √


CH98 29 UA ? Seasonal Resident √ √ √ √ √

CH108 15 SS F Seasonal Resident √ √ √ √ √

EL01 57 UA M* Year-round Resident √ √ √ √ √ √ √

EL07 62 SJ M* Year-round Resident √ √ √ √ √ √

NL11 64 SA F Seasonal Resident √ √ √ √ √


NL18 72 SA F Year-round Resident √ √ √ √ √ √ √

NL19 31 SA F Seasonal Resident √ √ √ √ √ √

NL20 38 UA F Seasonal Resident √ √ √ √ √ √ √

NL24 135 SA ? Year-round Resident √ √ √ √ √ √ √

NL33 39 SS F* Seasonal Resident √ √ √ √ √ √ √

NL37 42 SJ ? Seasonal Resident √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

NL46 33 SA F* Seasonal Resident √ √ √ √ √

NL48 33 SA ? Seasonal Resident √ √ √ √

NL49 17 SA F* Seasonal Resident √ √ √ √ √

NL60 28 UA ? Seasonal Resident √ √ √ √ √

NL75 16 SA ? Seasonal Visitor √ √ √ √ √

NL93 22 SS F Seasonal Resident √ √ √ √ √ √

NL98 72 SS F* Year-round Resident √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

NL103 32 SA ? Seasonal Resident √ √ √ √

NL104 46 SA F Seasonal Resident √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

NL105 16 SA ? Seasonal Resident √ √ √ √ √

NL112 16 SJ M* Seasonal Resident √ √ √ √ √ √

NL118 32 SS F* Seasonal Resident √ √ √ √ √ √

NL120 51 SS F* Year-round Resident √ √ √ √ √

NL123 70 SS F Year-round Resident √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

NL128 30 SA M* Seasonal Resident √ √ √ √ √ √ √

NL136 20 UA F* Seasonal Resident √ √ √ √ √

NL139 62 UA F Seasonal Resident √ √ √ √ √ √

NL145 19 SS F Seasonal Resident √ √ √ √ √

NL149 20 SS ? Seasonal Resident √ √ √ √ √

NL153 16 SS F Seasonal Visitor √ √ √ √

NL165 28 SS ? Year-round Resident √ √ √ √ √ √ √

NL169 19 SJ ? Seasonal Resident √ √ √ √

NL176 33 SS F* Seasonal Resident √ √ √ √ √ √ √

NL179 21 SJ ? Seasonal Resident √ √ √ √ √

NL181 19 SS M* Seasonal Visitor √ √ √ √ √

NL188 26 SJ ? Seasonal Resident √ √ √ √ √

NL191 29 SJ ? Seasonal Resident √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √


NL206 20 SJ F Seasonal Resident √ √ √ √ √

NL233 19 SS F Seasonal Resident √ √ √ √ √


SL05 25 UA F Seasonal Visitor √ √ √ √

SL07 24 UA ? Seasonal Resident √ √ √ √ √ √

SL27 19 SJ ? Seasonal Resident √ √ √ √ √

SL35 45 SS ? Year-round Resident √ √ √ √ √ √ √

WL05 19 SS ? Seasonal Resident √ √ √ √ √ √

WL09 20 SJ ? Seasonal Resident √ √ √ √ √ √

WL11 37 SS F* Year-round Resident √ √ √ √ √ √

WL15 38 SS M* Seasonal Resident √ √ √ √ √ √

WL21 26 SS F Seasonal Resident √ √ √ √ √ √

WL25 71 SA F Year-round Resident √ √ √ √ √ √

WL37 12 SS ? Seasonal Resident √ √ √ √

WL40 17 SA F* Seasonal Resident √ √ √ √ √ √

WL42 37 SS ? Year-round Resident √ √ √ √ √ √

WL50 21 SJ F Year-round Resident √ √ √ √ √ √

WL55 25 SJ ? Year-round Resident √ √ √ √ √

WL61 17 SJ ? Seasonal Resident √ √ √

WL62 25 UA F Seasonal Resident √ √ √ √ √ √

WL69 26 SA ? Seasonal Resident √ √ √ √ √

WL109 24 SJ ? Seasonal Resident √ √ √ √ √ √

Northwest Lantau

Deep Bay

Southeast Lantau Lamma Po Toi

Northeast Lantau

West Lantau

Southwest Lantau

Ninepins

Figure 1. Nine Line-Transect Survey Areas within the Study Area

Figure 2. Survey Route for Helicopter Surveys in Eastern and Southern Waters of Hong Kong

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NWL#2 DB#1

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Figure 3. Locations of various acoustic monitoring stations around Lantau waters

Figure 4a. Distribution of survey effort among nine survey areas from April 2010 – March 2011

Figure 4b. Distribution of survey effort among different months from April 2010 – March 2011

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Figure 5. Distribution of Chinese white dolphin sightings in Hong Kong waters (April 2010 – March 2011)

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Figure 6. Comparison of dolphin distribution patterns from the past six years of monitoring period (2005-11)

2006-07 2007-08

2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

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Figure 7. Distribution of Chinese white dolphin sightings in West Lantau waters (April 2010 – March 2011)

Tai O Peninsula

Sham Wat

Peaked Hill

Fan Lau

Kai Kung Shan

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Figure 8. Distribution of Chinese white dolphin sightings in North Lantau waters (April 2010 – March 2011)

Black Point

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Sha Chau

Chek Lap Kok Airport

Yam O

Brothers Islands

Pillar Point

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Figure 9. Seasonal distribution of Chinese white dolphins in Hong Kong waters (April 2009 – March 2011)

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Figure 10. Distribution of finless porpoise sightings (April 2010 – March 2011)

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Figure 11. Comparison of porpoise distribution patterns from the past six years of monitoring period (2005-11)

2009-10

2010-11

8.6

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0

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2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

Monitoring Period

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htin

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te (

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er 1

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Figure 12. Temporal trend of dolphin encounter rates (combined from West, Northwest, Northeast and Southwest Lantau survey areas) in the past seven monitoring periods from 2002-11

Figure 13a. Encounter rates of Chinese white dolphins among different survey areas (April 2010 – March 2011)

Figure 13b. Seasonal encounter rates of Chinese white dolphins among different survey areas (April 2010 – March 2011)

2.6

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NE Lantau NW Lantau W Lantau SW Lantau Deep Bay

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htin

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te (

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htin

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te (

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htin

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00 k

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NW Lantau

W Lantau

SW Lantau

y = -0.0185x4 + 0.3523x3 - 2.158x2 + 3.9065x + 9.8544

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0

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14

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Enc

ount

er r

ate

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f sig

htin

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er 1

00 k

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y = -0.0001x4 - 0.0223x3 + 0.4473x2 - 2.833x + 8.6503

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0

1

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En

cou

nte

r ra

te (

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ting

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0 k

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y = 0.0027x4 - 0.2639x3 + 3.7274x2 - 17.836x + 49.692

R2 = 0.9459

0

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cou

nte

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0 k

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y = -0.0201x4 + 0.417x3 - 2.8919x2 + 7.0884x + 5.3146

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Figure 14. Temporal trends in annual encounter rates of Chinese white dolphins among different survey areas

NE LantauOverall

NW Lantau W Lantau

Figure 15. Temporal trend of annual encounter rates of finless porpoises (combined from Southwest and Southeast Lantau, Lamma and Po Toi survey areas) from 2002-10

7.7

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cou

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0 k

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y = 0.0182x5 - 0.4388x4 + 3.7921x3 - 13.767x2 + 18.263x + 2.8591

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y = 0.0249x4 - 0.6155x3 + 5.0716x2 - 15.467x + 17.06

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2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Enc

ount

er r

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y = 0.0069x5 - 0.1914x4 + 1.9185x3 - 8.3529x2 + 15.216x - 6.4267

R2 = 0.55970

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ount

er r

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y = 0.0221x4 - 0.6282x3 + 5.687x2 - 19.869x + 26.301

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ate

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Figure 16. Temporal trends in annual encounter rates of finless porpoises among different survey areas

SE Lantau

SW Lantau

Lamma Po Toi

Figure 17. Temporal trend of porpoise encounter rates in South Lantau and Lamma waters combined from winter/spring months of 2002-10

y = -0.0115x4 + 0.159x3 - 0.0187x2 - 5.0795x + 16.753

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Figure 18. Temporal trends in abundance estimates of Chinese white dolphins in West, Northwest & Northeast Lantau from 2001-10 (error bars: 95% confidence interval of abundance estimates)

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z1 1

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A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Figure 19. Sighting density of Chinese white dolphins with corrected survey effort per km2 inwaters around Lantau Island, using data collected during 2010 (SPSE = no. of on-effort dolphinsightings per 100 units of survey effort)


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Figure 20. Density of Chinese white dolphins with corrected survey effort per km2 in watersaround Lantau Island, using data collected during 2010 (DPSE = no. of dolphins per 100 unitsof survey effort)


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36 36A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Figure 21. Sighting density of Chinese white dolphins with corrected survey effort per km2 inwaters around Lantau Island, using data collected during 2006-10 (SPSE = no. of on-effort dolphinsightings per 100 units of survey effort)


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36 36A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Figure 22. Density of Chinese white dolphins with corrected survey effort per km2 in watersaround Lantau Island, using data collected during 2006-10 (DPSE = no. of dolphins per 100 unitsof survey effort)

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z AA BB CC DD EE FF GG HH II JJ KK LL MMNN OO PP QQ RR SS TT UU VVWWXX YY ZZ aa bb cc dd ee ff gg hh ii jj kk ll mm nn oo pp qq rr ss

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Figure 23. Sighting density of finless porpoises with corrected survey effort per km2 in southern waters of Hong Kong, using data collected during 2010(SPSE = no. of on-effort porpoise sightings per 100 units of survey effort)

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z AA BB CC DD EE FF GG HH II JJ KK LL MMNN OO PP QQ RR SS TT UU VVWWXX YY ZZ aa bb cc dd ee ff gg hh ii jj kk ll mm nn oo pp qq rr ss

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Figure 24. Density of finless porpoises with corrected survey effort per km2 in southern waters of Hong Kong, using data collected during 2010(DPSE = no. of porpoises per 100 units of survey effort)

D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z AA BB CC DD EE FF GG HH II JJ KK LL MM NN OO PP QQ RR SS TT UU VVWWXX YY ZZ aa bb cc dd ee ff gg hh ii jj kk ll mm nn oo

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Figure 25. Sighting density of finless porpoises with corrected survey effort per km2 in southern waters of Hong Kong during dry season (top) and wet season (bottom), using datausing data collected during 2004-10 (SPSE = no. of on-effort porpoise sightings per 100 units of survey effort)

D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z AA BB CC DD EE FF GG HH II JJ KK LL MM NN OO PP QQ RR SS TT UU VVWWXX YY ZZ aa bb cc dd ee ff gg hh ii jj kk ll mm nn oo

20 2021 2122 22

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Figure 26. Density of finless porpoises with corrected survey effort per km2 in southern waters of Hong Kong during dry season (top) and wet season (bottom), using data collectedduring 2004-10 (DPSE = no. of porpoises per 100 units of survey effort)

y = -0.0032x5 + 0.0794x4 - 0.7161x3 + 2.878x2 - 5.1087x + 7.2214

R2 = 0.7747

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Monitoring Period

Me

an

Gro

up

Siz

e

Figure 27. Temporal trend of mean dolphin group size in 2002-11

Figure 28. Percentages of different group sizes of Chinese white dolphins in Hong Kong during April 2010 to March 2011

53.3%

23.0%

9.6%

5.6% 4.8%3.0%

0.7%0%

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Group of 5-6 dolphins Group of 7-9 dolphins Group of 10+ dolphins

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Figure 29. Distribution of Chinese white dolphins with different group sizes (April 2010 – March 2011)

Figure 30. Percentages of different group sizes of finless porpoises in Hong Kong during April 2010 to March 2011

38.5%

27.7%

13.8%12.3%

3.1%1.5% 1.5% 1.5%

0%

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Figure 31. Distribution of finless porpoises with different group sizes during April 2010 – March 2011 (blue dots: group sizes of 1-2; green dots: group sizes of 3-4; red dots: group sizes of 5 or more)

#S Sightings of UC#S Sightings of UJ

Figure 32. Distribution of Unspotted Calves (UC) & Unspotted Juveniles (UJ) (April 2010 – March 2011)

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Figure 33b. Temporal trends of encounter rates of young calves (including unspotted calves and unspotted juveniles) in 2004-11

Figure 33a. Percentages of young calves (including unspotted calves and unspotted juveniles) among dolphin groups in Hong Kong during 2002-11

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Figure 34. Distribution of Chinese white dolphins engaged in feeding (green dots) and socializing (pink dots) activities (April 2010 – March 2011)

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Figure 35. Percentages of feeding and socializing activities among all dolphin groups sighted in Hong Kong during 2002-11

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Figure 36. Distribution of dolphin sightings associated with and without fishing boats (April 2010 – March 2011)

# Sightings without fishing boat#S Sightings with fishing boat

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Figure 37. Temporal trends of (a) total number of identified individuals; (b) total number of re-sightings made; and (c) number of identified individuals within several categories of number of re-sightings in the past nine monitoring periods since 2002

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Figure 38. Ranging patterns of four individuals with their core areas centered around the Brothers Islands

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Figure 39. Ranging patterns of four individuals with their core areas centered around SC & LKC Marine Park

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Figure 40. Ranging patterns of four individuals with their core areas centered along west coast of Lantau

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Figure 41. A sociogram of the 88 dolphins included in analyses of social structure. Nodes are individual dolphins (size proportional to network reach) and edge lengths are proportional to association indices. Colours indicate social clusters assessed with Newman’s (2006) eigenvector method (blue: northern cluster, green: western cluster).

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Figure 42. 95%, 50%, and 25% utilization densities for dolphins categorized in the northern social cluster.

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Figure 43. 95%, 50%, and 25% utilization densities for dolphins categorized in the western social cluster.

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Figure 44. Overlap of the 95% utilization densities for each social cluster.

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Figure 45. Standardized lagged association rates for each cluster: a) northern individuals, b) western individuals. Four models described in Whitehead (2007) were fit to each cluster, and goodness of fit was assessed with the quasi-Akaike information criterion (QAIC). The best models are included in the graphs.

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Figure 46. Low (LOW) activity station medians

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Figure 47. Moderate (MID) activity station medians

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Figure 48. High (HI) activity station medians

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Figure 49. Medians of low, moderate and high activity station medians

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Figure 50. Several examples to illustrate medians of various activities within dolphin habitats

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Container boat#1 app. at 228 m

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Figure 51. Several examples to illustrate medians of various activities within dolphin habitats

Figure 52. Spectrogram forms of click trains with fluctuating and constant ICIs & two burst pulses on the far right

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Figure 53. Scatterplot showing beginning ICI vs. ending ICI for click trains with constant ICIs

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Figure 54. Distribution of duration (s) for each vocalization type


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Figure 55. Vocalization distributions for center frequency and interquartile (IQR) range (Hz)


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Figure 56. Distributions of vocalizations for minimum and maximum frequencies (Hz)

Figure 57. A subset of the variations found in whistle vocalizations

table 1. matrix of occurrence of the 80 frequently sighted ... · table 2. range use (50%/25% ud...

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