Taking Hybrid Pigeonpea to the Doorsteps

of Farmers

Supported by

National Food Security Mission

of India

PartnershipsICRISAT, Patancheru

MAU, Parbhani

PKV , Akola

ARS, Gulbarga

GAU, SK Nagar*

2007 - 2012* Very poor cooperation

MAJOR Achievements• Two high-yielding hybrids bred• ICPH 2671 released in MP• ICPH 2740 pre-release in AP & Mah• On-station and on-farm testing • Seed prodn technology improved • Seed producers trained• Links with partners developed

Milestones in Research • New CMS lines developed • New fertility (>50) restorers identified • Disease resistant hybrids bred • White seeded hybrids bred • Quality acceptance studies done• Genetic studies (Fr, seed color) done• Agronomy studies undertaken• Physiology studies under way

Promotion of Hybrid ICPH 2671• 160 -180 day maturity

• High yield ; disease resistant

• Adapted to shallow vertisols

• Suitable for pure and intercrop

• Dark seed color ; high quality dal

Recommended for parts of Maharashtra, Jharkhand, and Madhya Pradesh

Performance of ICPH 2671 in MLTs’(43 locations ; 4 years)

Over all performance of ICPH 2671 in ON-FARM TRIALS (2007-2010)State Distt Farmers Mean yield (kg ha-1)

Hybrid Check%Gain

Maha 7 782 969 717 35.1

A. P. 8 399 1411 907 55.6

Karnataka 4 184 1201 951 26.3

Jharkhand 9 288 1460 864 68.9

M. P. 10 360 1940 1326 46.3

Total 2013 1396 953 46.5

ICPH 2671 in OFT’s (Mah)System No.of

demos.Area (ha)

Yield (kg ha-1)

Hybrid Maruti% Gain

Sole crop 637 211 1120* 913 23PP + Maize 87 17 829* 598 39PP + Soy 29 12 1250* 648 93PP + Cottn 21 8 730* 648 13PP + Gr’gm 8 3 916* 779 18Total / Mean 782 251 969* 717 35 %

Locations No of farmers

Area(ha) Yield ( kg ha-1)Hybrid (E) Check

Z R S Darisai 22 2.50 1865 NAK V K Gumla 22 5.00 1130 884KVK Giridih 5 - 1160 NAKVK Garhwa 33 10.0 1680 940KVK Garhwa 38 10.0 1641 910Daltanganj 14 - 1203 725Dumra 54 7.9 1694 NADhanbad 32 - 1843 NAHazaribag 68 - 932 NAGain (69%) 288 35.4 1460 864

OFTs’ of ICPH 2671 in Jharkhand

Ranchi, Jharkhand

• Seven trials were conducted, Data awaited

ICPH 2671

Local

Location ICPH 2671*** Asha(C)

Jabalpur 2310* 1690

Narsinhpur 1950* 1500

Rewa 2870* 1660

Seoni 1525 1487

Raisen 2600* 1400

Harda 1165 1050

Panna 1160* 500

Mean 1940*** 1326% Gain 46% -

Yield of ICPH 2671 in OFTs in MP

Dal recovery in ICPH 2671

Locs Qty (kg)

Akola 532

Solapur 50

ICRISAT 600

Total 1182

Protein : 22% Dal recovery: 70%

Taste, cooking time & flavour: good as variety

In 2010 Hybrid ICPH 2671

released in Madhya Pradesh

asRV ICPH 2671

Hybrids in Myanmar

ICPH 2671 hybrid

“2009 Best Farmer Award” for harvesting bumper crop of ICPH 2671 at Chautukoor, Medak district. Andhra Pradesh

Areas Identified for ICPH 2671Maharashtra- Akola,Solapur,Osmanabad,Washim, Parbhani, Latur and Beed

Madhya Pradesh – Jabalpur, Betul, Indore, Seoni, Narsimpur, Mandla, Rewa, Chattarpur Tikamgarh, HoshangabadKarnataka – Bijapur, and Bidar

Jharkhand – Ranchi, Garhwa, Palamu, Chatra, Giridh, Dumka, Dhanbad and Gumla

Promotion of Hybrid ICPH 2740

• 180 -190 day maturity

• Disease resistant

• High yield

• Adapted to deep vertisols

• Suitable for pure and intercrop

• Brown seed color

• High quality dal

Recommended for parts of Maharashtra, A.P., Karnataka, and Madhya Pradesh

2407

2758

2208

2756

3652

2215

1582 1607

2592

1999

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

2005 2006 2007 2008 MeanYears

Yie

ld k

g ha

-1

ICPH 2740 Asha

37.8%

Performance of ICPH 2740 in MLTs’

(4 Years ; 33 Locations)Asha group hybrid

State Hybrid Asha(C) %gain

MP 1646 1194 37.9

Maha 1643 1224 34.2AP 1063 650 63.5

Mean 1451 1023 41.8

Mean yield of ICPH 2740 in OFTs’

ICPH 2740 in Risod

ICPH 2740 in Basavapur, Medak district

Areas Identified for ICPH 2740

Maharashtra-Amaravati, Jalgaon, Yavatmal, Wardha

Andhra Pradesh- Medak, Rangareddy, Nalgonda, Kurnool, Karimnagar, Nizamabad,Ananthpur and Cuddapah

Madhya Pradesh – Jabalpur, Betul, Indore, Seoni, Narsimpur, Mandla, Rewa, Chattarpur Tikamgarh, Hoshangabad

Karnataka – Gulbarga, Bijapur, Bidar and Raichur

Yield of white seeded hybrids in Gujarat K-2010

Hybrid DF Yield (kg ha-1)

% Gain Disease (%)

wilt SM

ICPH 4119

122 2711 113 10 0

ICPH 4166

106 2686 111 0 0

Maruti ( C) 103 1273 - 5 93

SEm+ 0.7 78.3 - - -

CV(%) 0.9 6.5 - - -

Seed Production

Pre-requisites• Isolation 500 m or more• Presence of pollinator bees• Availability of pollen for extended periods• Inputs- irrigation, fertilizer, insect control

A x R Seed Production

• Row ratio : 4:1 (3:1 or 2:1)

(depending on bee population)

• Spacing : Row to Row .. upto 1 metre

Plant to Plant .. upto 8-12 inch

• Staggering : Sowings deferred by- - 15d

A Hybrid Seed Production Plot

AR A A A R

1M : 4F

R R

BLOCK - 1 …… 15 June

STAGERRING

Areas identified for seed production in Andhra Pradesh

Nizambad (1750)

R.Reddy (1258)

Warangal (1063)

ICRISAT (1100)

yield kg ha-1

Location Area(ha)

Production(kg)

Yield(kg ha-1)

Jabalpur 1.5 2000 1333Indore 0.15 340 2267Rewa 1.0 1740 1740

Katni 3.0 4350 1450

Seoni 1.0 2500 2500

Tikamgarh 5.0 15200 3040

Mean 11.65 26130 2242 *****

Areas Identified for Seed Production in Madhya Pradesh

Hybrid Seed Production Technology

• It is as easy as other crops• Honey bees played important role

• Environment also plays an imp. role• Suitable climate• Production plots surrounded by bushes that

harbor pollinators• water body near plots helps a lot

• Proper agronomy

Problems identified

Inadequate isolation

Non-availability of pollinating insects

Inadequate roguing

Water-logging

Poor crop management

Suggested Improvements in Seed Production Technology

• Fine tune agro practices• Identify suitable areas [thru

pilot seed production programs]

• Train seed producers

• Bee hives if required

Comparative income from seed prdn.Item Variety Hybrid

commercialHy Seed prodn.

Production Cost Rs. 18,490 Rs. 18,450

Rs. 20,160

Grain yields (kg/ha) (approx.)

1000 kg 1500 kg 1000 kg

Seed sale price @ Rs.35/kg @ Rs.35/kg @ Rs.100

Total Rs. 35,000 Rs. 52,500 Rs. 100,000

Income [Rs.] 16,510 34,050 79,390

SEED Quality control• P’pea is a crop of 180-250 d

• Tradl GoT takes more time

• Use of morphological markers (20 -25 days)

• Use of molecular markers

(6 days)

Steps Taken to Produce Pure Hybrid Seed

Prodn of new nucleus seed (P1 x P1)

Strict isolation for breeder seed Multiple rogueing operations Using the purest seed lots Frequent monitoring

Steps taken to produce pure hybrid seed

• Select good seed producers• Training and monitoring• Using molecular markers • Incorporate leaf markers • Avoiding physical mixtures

Normal Normal

Obtuse

Hybrid

Use of Leaf MarkerMale Female

Hybrid

Use of SSR Markers

Looking ahead …

Grow hybrids on

1,00,000 ha (2014)

*******

Looking ahead …

Identify seed producers Organize pilot seed programs in

different areas Training of seed producers Motivate seed companies Follow quality measures

Million $ Question -- can we do it ??

Uni. A x R (ha)

A x B (ha)

B (ha) R (ha) Total (ha)

ANGRAU 10 10 1 1 22PDKV 10 10 1 1 22MAU 10 10 1 1 22RVRS 10 10 1 1 22JNKVV 10 10 1 1 22BAU 10 10 1 1 22Gulbarga 10 10 1 1 22 

Total          

Plan for 2012 (parent seed multi.)

Uni. A x R (ha) A x B (ha) B (ha) R (ha) Total

ANGRAU 300 10 1 1 312

PDKV 300 10 1 1 312

MAU 300 10 1 1 312

RVRS 300 10 1 1 312

JNKVV 300 10 1 1 312

BAU 300 10 1 1 312

Gulbarga 300 10 1 1 312

           

Total          

2013 season planPlan for 2013 (Hybrid seed prod.)

State Area (ha) Co-ordinator Collaborators Seed producers

AP 20,000 Dr CV Sameer Kumar

DoA, AP NSC, SFCI, APSSDC

Maharashtra 20,000 Dr I A Madrap DoA, MS NSC, SFCI,MSSC

Karnataka 20,000 Dr P Dharmaraj DoA, Kar NSC, SFCI, KSC

MP 1 20,000 Dr AN Tikle DoA, MP NSC, SFCI, MPSC

M P 2 20,000 Dr SK Rao DoA, MP NSC, SFCI,MPSC

Jharkhand 20,000 Dr Z A Haider DoA, Jhar NSC, SFCI

         

Total 1,20,000      

Plan for 2014 (commercial crop)

Note: Seed rate 5 kg/ha

.and the final question ?

CAN WE BREAK THE

YIELD BARRIER IN PIGEONPEA

*******

TARGET 4-5 t / haFarmer Area

(m2)Hy yield (kg ha-1)

Con yield (kg ha-1 )

% Advantage

Kale 450 3956 2044 94

Sataya 1012 3951 2469 60

Chopde 450 4667 3556 31

Shotri 450 3889 2278 71

Crop mgmt, new hybrid, high input are the key

How to achieve the National Goal of self-sufficiency

Develop new high yielding hybridsDevelop hybrids for specific areasHigh level of disease resistanceSeed quality controlAdopt agronomy packageProvide inputsEncourage farmers – good priceHigh quality research back-up

Monitoring of pigeonpea hybrids in Farmers’ fields by NFSM expert Dr RK Gupta 2011

Yes, pigeonpea hybrids are here to stay

Thanks for your attention