TAKS Review Part 2

Imperialism and World War Iand

The 1920’s Era

Imperialism in AmericaSPANISH AMERICAN WAR

• The United States won Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines from Spain at the end of the Spanish American War.

• Treaty of Paris signed December, 1898.

Roosevelt’s Corollary• Roosevelt’s Corollary

was an addition to the Monroe Doctrine.

• No foreign powers allowed to colonize in the Americas.

• United States willprotect Latin American countries from European intervention.

• This was written in 1904.

Hay Bunau Varilla Treaty

• signed on November 18, 1903

• John Hay, the Secretary of State, negotiated the terms of sale for the building of a Panama Canal and for a Panama Canal Zone surrounding the canal

• John HAY – Secretary of State negotia

America’s Open Door Policy

• Not to be outdone by the Europeans, the United States created its own Chinese foreign policy. (1899)

• Open Door Policy• China would now be

“open” to any trading and colonizing ventures, not just Europe.

Imperialism: Domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region.

Militarism: Glorification of the military.Militarism led to:Militarism led to:

Nationalism: A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one’s country.

Nationalism led to:Nationalism led to:

Aspirations for independence in a country under foreign domination.

Imperialism led to:Imperialism led to:

The Great War

•Militarism leads to large standing armies.

•The Alliance system divides Europe into two rival camps.

• Imperialism deepens national rivalries.

•Nationalism spurs competition among European nations.

Long-Term CausesLong-Term Causes•The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in June 1914 prompts Austria to declare war on Serbia.

•The alliance system requires nations to support their allies. European countries declare war on one another.

Immediate CausesImmediate Causes

WORLD WAR IIn Europe

Industrial Production during WWI

• The United States industry boomed, creating:– Machine guns– Airplanes– Clothing for

soldiers– Gas masks

Summary of World War IAs the 20th century opened, Europe was brimming with

tension. On the surface, all appeared calm. But underneath, the forces of nationalism, imperialism, and militarism helped fuel an intense competition among European nations. In 1914, these forces—along with a set of complex military alliances—led to a war that engulfed all of Europe and eventually touched nearly every corner of the world.

After four years of fighting, the Allied Powers, led by France, Britain, and the United States, defeated the Central Powers, comprised mainly of Germany and Austria-Hungary. The conflict, which saw the first use of so much advanced weaponry, devastated Europe. The war left millions dead and millions more wounded. It also left behind a peace treaty that only increased many nations’ bitterness toward one another.

Treaty of Versailles• Germany forced to take all responsibility for the

war.• Germany stripped of its colonies.• Germany must pay huge reparations.• Alsace and Lorraine to France.• Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia and Finland carved out

of Russian territory.• Czechoslovakia, Austria and Hungary carved out

of German territory.• Yugoslavia created in the Balkans. It

incorporates Serbia, which disappears.

Treaty of Versailles

• The Ottoman Empire collapses and becomes Turkey

• Germany, Austria Hungary, and Russia lose their empires as well

• The United States of America Senate refuses to ratify, or agree to the treaty, saying it treated Germany too harshly.

Charles Lindberg “Lucky Lindy”• Charles Lindberg was the first

person to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean

• He became the most famous man in the world over night.

• His fame and wealth made his the target of kidnappers, who stole and killed Lindberg’s only son right out of his crib.

Red Scare• Fears of another Bolshevik

revolution like the one in Russia.

• Socialist Party created in America by Eugene Debs raised further fears.

• Several elected members of New York State Assembly expelled because they were Socialists.anarchistsanarchists

Sacco and Vanzetti• Italian immigrants and anarchists

charged with the murders of a paymaster and a guard during a 1920 payroll robbery.

• Both had alibis.• Both were convicted and

executed despite storms of protests.

• One example of anti-immigrant sentiment in US at the time.

New Forms of Entertainment

• Jazz and the Harlem Renaissance

• Jazz began in New Orleans• Moved to New York’s

Harlem area• Jazz clubs became very

popular• Langston Hughes is a

popular writer whose poetry was used in jazz

Women in the 1920s.• The Flapper =

The New Woman• Stylish, adventurous,

works outside the home.

• Short skirts and shorter hair.

• Drove cars, smoked, participated in sports

• Active politically

The Scopes (Monkey) Trial• Fundamentalism: Traditional

Christian doctrine should be accepted without question.

• Tennessee legislature outlawed the teaching of Darwin’s theory of evolution.

• John Scopes taught it in his science class anyway.

• His trial was a national event.• Clarence Darrow and William

Jennings Bryan were lawyers.• Scopes was found guilty and

fined $100.

Election of 1920Warren G. Harding

• Supported by farmers• Republican• Pro business• Goals: Reduce national

debt, promote economic growth.

• Fordney –McCumber Tariff Act of 1922- High tariffs on imports.

• Economy high. Unemployment low.

Harding records a Harding records a speech. One of the speech. One of the first presidents to use first presidents to use modern modern communications communications devices.devices.

Georgia O’Keefe• O'Keeffe was a major

figure in American art. A feminist artist during the 1920s, she received widespread recognition for her technical contributions, as well as for challenging the boundaries of modern American artistic style.

• She was one of few women to have gained entry into Europe as a professional artist.

Teapot Dome Scandal• Corruption surfaced in Harding

administration.• Secretary of Interior Albert Fall

persuaded Navy Secretary Edwin Denby to transfer control of naval oil reserves to him.

• Fall leased these reserves (some were in Teapot Dome, Wyoming) in return for cash, cattle and personal loans.

• Fall was sent to jail.• Harding died of a heart attack

before the scandal broke.