Тарас Григорови

ч Шевченко

(1814 - 1861)

Taras Shevchenko(1814 - 1861)

Taras Shevchenko was born on February 25 (March 9, at BC. Century). 1814r. with. Moryntsi Zvenigorod district of Kiev province.

Taras Shevchenko was born on February 25 (March 9, at BC. Century). 1814r. with. Moryntsi Zvenigorod district of Kiev province.

1822. his father gave him " the science " in Cyrillic thanks .

Two years Taras learned to read and write, and maybe learned some knowledge of arithmetic. He read something and besides the Psalter .

After the death of 1823r . Mother and 1825. Taras father left an orphan . Some time was a " schoolboy - popyhachem "

thanks in Bogor . Even in school, small Taras possessed an irresistible passion for drawing. He wanted to " When Does anyone sdelatsya hot posredstvennыm painter " and persistently sought in surrounding villages teacher of drawing. But after several unsuccessful attempts to return to Kyrylivka where public herds pass and almost rotten year of the priest Gregory Kosice .

In late 1828 or early 1829r. Taras taken to court in Vilshana landlord who inherited the illegitimate son V. Engelhardt, Adjutant Vilna Military Governor M. Engelhardt.

Autumn 1829r. Shevchenko accompanied by rolls of assets to free young master. In the yard of his recorded able "to komnatnoho painter."

In his spare Shevchenko Acting Cossack landowners in chambers. And in his spare time secret from Mr. redraws popular prints. Shevchenko prefer to study painting. Most likely, he briefly studied at John-Baptiste Lampe (1775 - 1837), who from the end of 1829r. the spring of 1830. was in Vilna, or Jan Rustem (? - 1835), professor of painting Vilnius University.

In his spare Shevchenko Acting Cossack landowners in chambers. And in his spare time secret from Mr. redraws popular prints. Shevchenko prefer to study painting. Most likely, he briefly studied at John-Baptiste Lampe (one thousand seven hundred and seventy-five - in 1837), who from the end of 1829r. the spring of 1830. was in Vilna, or Jan Rustem (?

1832r. Engelhardt zakontraktovuye

Shevchenko four years master

Petersburg paint shop

V. Shiryaev.- 1835),

professor of painting

Vilnius University.

Obviously, 1835r. Shevchenko is met student of the Academy of Art I. Soshenko. He does his best to somehow ease his fate, introduces Hrebinka and conference secretary of the Academy of Arts Vladimir Grigoryevich that allows Shevchenko attend classes Drawing Society to encourage artists (1835).

Together with his students Shevchenko involved in the decoration of the Great and other St. Petersburg theaters.

Subsequently Shevchenko is familiar with K. Briullov and V. Zhukovsky. Affected bitter fate talented young man, they 1838r. redeem it from serfdom.

К.Брюллов В.Жуковський

May 21 1838r. Shevchenko rank outsiders a student of the Academy of Arts. He trained under the direction of Karl Briullov, becoming one of his favorite pupils receive silver medals (for the film "Boy-poor, which gives the bread a dog" (1840), "Gypsy Fortune-Teller" (1841), "Catherine" (1842) ). The latter is written based on the poem Shevchenko.

Successfully running it in the portrait genre (portraits N.Lunina, A. repairs, O. Kotzebue and others., Self-portraits).

М. Лунін А. Лагода

Poems Shevchenko began writing a serf, in his testimony in 1837. Since the first poetic attempts only known poem "causal" and "Bored to me, seriously - what I do."

Several of his poems Shevchenko in 1838r. Combs passed for publication in Ukrainian anthology "Swallow". But even before the "Swallow" (1841) 18 April 1840. appears first collection Shevchenko - "Kobzar".

1841. Shevchenko emerged historical poem "Gaydamak" (written in 1839 - 1841).

 1842r. writes dramatized social and

household poem online "Blind". That same year, creates a historical poem "Gamal" (published in book form 1844r.).

End of February 1843. dated historical domestic drama "Nazar Stodolia" (written in Russian, known only in Ukrainian translation). In 1844 - 1845 рр. it put an amateur group in Medical-Surgical Academy in St. Petersburg.

1844r. published the second edition of "poet". All these works belong to the early period of Shevchenko when he realized himself as a "peasant poet" and the poet-patriot.

A new period of creativity Shevchenko covers the years 1843 - 1847 (before arrest) and is associated with two of his trip to Ukraine. Sort by collections of autographs "Three Years" (which includes poetry 1843 - 1845) the years of life and his poetry is called the period of "three years". To this period belong actually works written in 1846 - 1847 years (before his arrest).

Communicated with the peasants, met with numerous representatives of Ukrainian intelligentsia and educated landowners.

First trip Shevchenko in Ukraine continued for about eight months. Leaving from St. Petersburg in May 1843., Poet visited dozens of towns and villages of Ukraine (native Kyrylivka, Kyiv, Poltava, Khortytsya Chigirin etc.).

Т.Г.Шевченко. Собор святого Олександра в Києві

In Ukraine, Shevchenko wrote two poetic works - Russian poem "funeral" (1844r. published in "Lighthouse" called "Bestalannыy") and the poem "dug grave."

And, returning to St. Petersburg in late February 1844r., He impressed at what he saw Ukraine wrote a number of works (including the poem "Dream"), which finally determined his future path as a poet.

Spring 1846r. in Kyiv Shevchenko met with M.Kostomarov, M. Gulak, M. Savić, O. Markovic and other members of the secret Cyril and Methodius (founded in December 1845 - January 1846) and entered into this organization. His work period "three years" had an undeniable impact on the program documents of the company.

In March 1847. Society was destroyed. Arrests began. Shevchenko was arrested April 5 1847., And the 17th was brought to St. Petersburg and at the time the investigation was imprisoned in the dungeons of III.

8 June 1847. Shevchenko brought to Orenburg, Orsk Fortress from there to where he had to undergo military service. In Orsk he broke royal prohibition write. His new work, he secretly wrote to the improvised "Every day" zoshytkiv. In late 1849 - early 1850. He rewrote these "slave" homemade poetry in a book, which was later named the "Little Book". In Orsk Fortress poet has written 21 work.

In 1848. Shevchenko at the request of his friends incorporated as an artist of the Aral narrative of the expedition led by A. Butakova. Since October 1848. by May 1849. Expedition wintering on the island of Kos-Aral.

23 April 1850. Shevchenko was arrested for violation of the royal prohibition to write and draw. After investigation in Orsk Fortress was transferred to Novopetrovsk fortifications on the peninsula Mangyshlak, where he arrived in mid-October 1850.

Seven years in strengthening Novopetrovsk - perhaps the most difficult in the life of the poet. After the death of Nicholas I (February 1855). Poet friends (F. Tolstoy et al.) Began to petition for his release.

And just 1 May 1857. been given official permission to release Shevchenko from military service with the establishment behind him surveillance and ban live in the capital. 2 August 1857. Novopetrovsk Shevchenko left the building, intending to settle in St. Petersburg.

n late March 1858 . Shevchenko came to St. Petersburg . Literary and artistic community of the capital warmly greeted poet. In his later years he took an active part in public life, speaks at literary soirees , became one of the founders of the Literary Fund , helps to Sunday schools in Ukraine ( and is issued for them " primer Yuzhnorussky ").

In the summer of 1859. Shevchenko visited Ukraine . Kyrylivka met with the brothers and sisters. Had to settle in Ukraine . I was looking for land to build a house. And on July 13 near the village. Prokhorovka was arrested . Was released a month later and offered to go to St. Petersburg.

During these years, Shevchenko has worked as an artist, almost entirely devoted themselves to the art of etching (1860r. Council Arts Academy gave him the title of academician engraving).

In January 1860. called "Kobzar" the collection, consisting of 17 poems written to exile (of which only the series "Psalms of David" fully published for the first time).

Заслання підірвало здоров'я Шевченка. На початку 1861р. він тяжко захворів і 10 березня помер. Незадовго до смерті написав останній вірш — “Чи не покинуть нам, небого”. Похований був на Смоленському кладовищі. Через два місяці, виконуючи заповіт поета, друзі перевезли його прах на Україну і поховали на Чернечій (тепер Тарасова) горі біля Канева.