1

NGO& Academia Consultation Meeting

March 13, 2012

PCD/DIW/IEAT/JICA expert team

Proposed list of Target substances for PRTR

in Thailand

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Content of Presentation

• Basic policy for target substance selection– Examples of foreign countries

– Relation to policy objectives

– Basic policy

• Selection process of target substances– Basic data collection (production, import & export)

– Hazardous and toxicity of substance

– Set up of selection criteria

– Proposed target substance list

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Substance selection ‐ Japan ‐Chemical substances were selected from two aspects.

• Toxicity (including following area) – Carcinogenicity

– Mutagen

– Chronic toxicity (Oral, Inhalation)

– Reproductive toxicity

– Sensitization 

– Eco toxicity (in water)

– ODS

• Long‐term presence in environment in wide area– Data were from monitoring data, production and import data. 

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Substance selection  ‐ USA ‐Chemicals which meet one of the following criteria were selected.• Known or reasonably anticipated to affect the human health at the 

concentration level reasonably anticipated at and beyond the factory fence line as a result of emission. Production and other data were used to estimate the level of presence.

• Known or reasonably anticipated to affect the human health in following.– Carcinogenicity or Teratogenesis– Serious or non‐reversal effect on

• Reproductive toxicity• Neuropathy• Genetic Mutation• Other chronic health effect

• Known or reasonably anticipated to affect ecosystem by followingreason– Toxicity– Toxicity and Low degradability (Persistent)– Toxicity and Bio‐accumulative

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Substance selection ‐ EU ‐

Chemical substances were selected from following international treaty and substance list includes following.– CLRTAP (Convention on Long‐range Transboundary Air Pollution 

Russian/EME)– UNFCCC– CORINAIR (Core Inventory of Air Emission in Europe)– Water Framework Directive (list of priority substances)– OSPARCOM (List of hazardous substance)– HELCOM ((List of hazardous substance)

• Each treaty or convention selected the chemical from toxicity point of view, more or less similar to Japan and US, as well as anticipated exposure level in environment.

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Relation to Policy Objectives• Obtain emission data by government for policy making (priority objective in Europe)

• Ensure “People’s right to know” (priority objective in USA)

• Promotion of voluntary reduction by business operators (priority objective in Japan)

EU case application of substance list from variousinternational treaty, etc.

Japan and USA case selection from toxicity and level of presence in environment

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Policy objectives in PRTR in Thailand• Result of Questionnaire in the seminar (June 2011)

Organization 

The number of 

participant 

responded to 

the survey 

(responses) 

Policy Objective of the development of PRTR   

1. Obtaining 

emission data 

for policy 

making 

2. Ensuring 

people’s right 

to know 

3. Promotion of 

voluntary 

reduction by 

the industries 

(%)  (%)  (%) 

Governmental  15  37.22  30.00  32.78 

Private  14  36.91  32.14  30.95 

Academic 

Institute 6  37.50  25.00  37.50 

NGOs  4  33.33  37.50  29.17 

Total  39  36.75  30.77  32.48 

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Basic policy for target substance selection

• Step by step approach– Not to make too extensive list in initial phase

• Select the substance from both toxicity point and anticipated level of presence in environment

• Consider followings as indication of anticipated level of presence in environment– Priority data:  Production, Import and export data– Support data:  Environment monitoring data

• Keep “priority” in consideration (NO “better to have” approach)

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Selection flow of target substance

Substance meet criteria for hazardous and toxicity data

x (and)Substance meet  criteria 

for anticipated level of presence in environment=

List of proposed target substances

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Selection criteria for hazardous and toxicity dataSubstance listed in either of following two criteria

1. Chemical substances under regulatory system (including watch list) in Thailand

– Substance listed in Hazardous Substance act., substance with ambient standard., emission standard, international agreements etc. 

– 993 substances listed

2. Chemical substances with quantitative hazardous data noted in database in US EPA�Screening level table)

• 704 substance listed in referring following data base. – EPA’s Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS)

– The Provisional Peer Reviewed Toxicity Values (PPRTVs) derived by EPA's Superfund Health Risk Technical Support Center (STSC) for the EPA Superfund program.

– The Agency for Toxic Subs and Disease Registry (ATSDR) minimal risk levels (MRLs)

– The California Environmental Protection Agency (OEHHA) Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment's Chronic Reference Exposure Levels (RELS) from December 18, 2008 and the Cancer Potency Values from July 21, 2009.

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Selection criteria for anticipated level of presence in environment

• Calculate average of 2007 – 2010 data of approx. 3000 substances forExposure (ton/year) = Production + Import – Export. Then Set criteria as;

• 100 ton/year for the substance with carcinogen data• 1000 ton / year for the substance without carcinogen data

• Substances does not meet the above criteria, but observed in monitoring data (reliable data);

• Substance detected at 100% level• Substance detected over 50% level and imposed health risk (risk over 10‐5) at the highest concentration detected;

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Expert judgment made during the selection process

1. Substances added (out of the rule)• Hazardous by‐product from combustion (Dioxin and Furan)• Substance well recognized as important pollutant SOx NOx• Substance well known as important pollutant , but slightly 

short to meet the criteria of  anticipated level of presence (Arsenic,  Chloroform)

2. Substances removed (out of the rule)• Substances not persistent in environment such as ordinary 

acid and base (Hydrochloric acid, Sulfuric acid, and  Sodium Hydroxide)

• Substances with quantitative hazardous data but with low toxicity (fluorocarbons)

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New No. (as of Feb. 2012)

No. (from 113 as of Sept. 2011)

Name of Chemical CAS Registry Number (CAS No.)

Note : Reason for selection

1 1 Propylene Oxide 75-56-9 HS Act class 3, Carcinogen data on US EPA and over 100 ton/year.

2 2 Vinyl Chloride 75-01-4 HS Act class 3, Carcinogen data on US EPA and over 100 ton/year.

3 3 Dichloroethane, 1,2- 107-06-2 HS Act class 3-4, Carcinogen data on US EPA and over 100 ton/year.

4 4 Acrylonitrile 107-13-1 HS Act class 3, Carcinogen data on US EPA and over 100 ton/year.

5 5 Ethylene Oxide 75-21-8 HS Act class 4, Carcinogen data on US EPA and over 100 ton/year.

6 6 Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate 117-81-7 HS Act class 3, Carcinogen data on US EPA and over 100 ton/year.

7 7 Methylene Chloride 75-09-2 HS Act class 1, Carcinogen data on US EPA and over 100 ton/year.

8 8 Naphthalene 91-20-3 HS Act class 2, Carcinogen data on US EPA and over 100 ton/year.

9 9 Ethyl Acrylate 140-88-5 HS Act class 2, Carcinogen data on US EPA and over 100 ton/year.

10 10 Methyl tert-Butyl Ether (MTBE) 1634-04-4 Carcinogen data on US EPA and over 100 ton/year.

11 11 Trinitrotoluene, 2,4,6- 118-96-7 Carcinogen data on US EPA and over 100 ton/year.

12 12 Trichloroethylene 79-01-6 HS Act class 1, Carcinogen data on US EPA and over 100 ton/year.

13 13 Atrazine 1912-24-9 HS Act class 3, Carcinogen data on US EPA and over 100 ton/year.

14 15 Bromo-2-chloroethane, 1- 107-04-0 Carcinogen data on US EPA and over 100 ton/year.

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15 16 Tetrachloroethylene 127-18-4 HS Act class 3, Carcinogen data on US EPA and over 100 ton/year.

16 Cromium and its componds HS Act class 3, Carcinogen data on US EPA as Cr(VI) and over 100 ton/year.

17 Chromium(VI) 1333-82-0 or 18540-29-9

77 Chromium, Total 7440-47-3

17 Nickel and its compounds Carcinogen data as NiCl2 on US EPA and over 100 ton/year.

18 Nickel Soluble Salts 7718-54-9 or 7440-02-0

18 19 Isophorone 78-59-1 Carcinogen data on US EPA and over 100 ton/year.

19 21 Dichlorobenzene, 1,4- 106-46-7 HS Act class 3, Carcinogen data on US EPA and over 100 ton/year.

20 22 Hexachlorocyclohexane 319-86-8 Carcinogen data on US EPA and over 100 ton/year.

21 23 Captan 133-06-2 HS Act class 3, Carcinogen data on US EPA and over 100 ton/year.

22 24 Acrylamide 79-06-1 HS Act class 2, Carcinogen data on US EPA and over 100 ton/year.

23 25 Dichlorvos 62-73-7 HS Act class 3, Carcinogen data on US EPA and over 100 ton/year.

24 26 Formaldehyde 50-00-0 HS Act class 2, Carcinogen data on US EPA and over 100 ton/year.

25 27 Chloroacetaldehyde, 2- 107-20-0 Carcinogen data on US EPA and over 100 ton/year.

26 28 Benzyl Chloride 100-44-7 HS Act class 3, Carcinogen data on US EPA and over 100 ton/year.

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39 41 Lead and Compounds 7439-92-1 Quantitative toxic data on US EPA and over 1000 ton/year

40 42 Phenol 108-95-2 HS Act class 3, Quantitative toxic data on US EPA and over 1000 ton/year

41 43 Methyl Methacrylate 80-62-6 HS Act class 2, Quantitative toxic data on US EPA and over 1000 ton/year

42 44 Styrene 100-42-5 HS Act class 2, Quantitative toxic data on US EPA and over 1000 ton/year

43 45 Phthalic Anhydride 85-44-9 Quantitative toxic data on US EPA and over 1000 ton/year

44 Xylenes Quantitative toxic data on US EPA and over 1000 ton/year

46 Xylene, P- 106-42-3

54 Xylene, Mixture 1330-20-7

45 47 Phosphoric Acid 7664-38-2 HS Act class 1, Quantitative toxic data on US EPA and over 1000 ton/year

46 49 Vinyl Acetate 108-05-4 HS Act class 2, Quantitative toxic data on US EPA and over 1000 ton/year

47 50 Ethyl Acetate 141-78-6 HS Act class 1, Quantitative toxic data on US EPA and over 1000 ton/year

48 51 Isopropyl alcohol 67-63-0 Quantitative toxic data on US EPA and over 1000 ton/year

49 52 Acrylic Acid 79-10-7 HS Act class 1, Quantitative toxic data on US EPA and over 1000 ton/year

50 53 Methyl Ethyl Ketone (2-Butanone) 78-93-3 HS Act class 3, Quantitative toxic data on US EPA and over 1000 ton/year

51 55 Paraquat Dichloride 1910-42-5 HS Act class 3, Quantitative toxic data on US EPA and over 1000 ton/year

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52 56 Cyclohexanone 108-94-1 Quantitative toxic data on US EPA and over 1000 ton/year

53 Tin and its compounds Quantitative toxic data on US EPA and over 1000 ton/year

57 Tin 7440-31-5

54 58 Pentane, n- 109-66-0 Quantitative toxic data on US EPA and over 1000 ton/year

55 59 Epichlorohydrin 106-89-8 HS Act class 2, Quantitative toxic data on US EPA and over 1000 ton/year

56 60 Acetone 67-64-1 HS Act class 3, Quantitative toxic data on US EPA and over 1000 ton/year

57 61 Propylene Glycol 57-55-6 Quantitative toxic data on US EPA and over 1000 ton/year

58 62 Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether 111-76-2 HS Act class 1, Quantitative toxic data on US EPA and over 1000 ton/year

59 63 Formic Acid 64-18-6 Quantitative toxic data on US EPA and over 1000 ton/year

60 64 Hexane, N- 110-54-3 Quantitative toxic data on US EPA and over 1000 ton/year

61 65 Isobutyl Alcohol 78-83-1 Quantitative toxic data on US EPA and over 1000 ton/year

62 66 Hexanedioic Acid 124-04-9 Quantitative toxic data on US EPA and over 1000 ton/year

63 67 Trimethylbenzene, 1,2,4- 95-63-6 Quantitative toxic data on US EPA and over 1000 ton/year

64 68 Methylenediphenyl Diisocyanate 101-68-8 HS Act class 3, Quantitative toxic data on US EPA and over 1000 ton/year

65 69 Maleic Anhydride 108-31-6 Quantitative toxic data on US EPA and over 1000 ton/year

66 70 Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (4-methyl-2-pentanone)

108-10-1 HS Act class 1, Quantitative toxic data on US EPA and over 1000 ton/year

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67 71 Furfural 98-01-1 HS Act class 2, Quantitative toxic data on US EPA and over 1000 ton/year

68 Molybdenum and its compounds Quantitative toxic data on US EPA and over 1000 ton/year

72 Molybdenum 7439-98-7

69 73 Diethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether 112-34-5 Quantitative toxic data on US EPA and over 1000 ton/year

70 74 Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid, 2,4- 94-75-7 HS Act class 3, Quantitative toxic data on US EPA and over 1000 ton/year

71 75 Methyl Acrylate 96-33-3 HS Act class 2, Quantitative toxic data on US EPA and over 1000 ton/year

72 76 Ametryn 834-12-8 HS Act class 3, Quantitative toxic data on US EPA and over 1000 ton/year

73 78 Hydrogen Fluoride 7664-39-3 HS Act class 3, Quantitative toxic data on US EPA and over 1000 ton/year

74 79 Chloroacetic Acid 79-11-8 Quantitative toxic data on US EPA and over 1000 ton/year

75 80 Methyl Acetate 79-20-9 HS Act class 1, Quantitative toxic data on US EPA and over 1000 ton/year

76 81 Sodium Cyanide 143-33-9 HS Act class 3, Quantitative toxic data on US EPA and over 1000 ton/year

77 82 Chlorpyrifos 2921-88-2 HS Act class 3, Quantitative toxic data on US EPA and over 1000 ton/year

78 83 Pyrene 129-00-0 HS Act class 1, Quantitative toxic data on US EPA and over 1000 ton/year

79 84 Carbon Disulfide 75-15-0 HS Act class 2, Quantitative toxic data on US EPA and over 1000 ton/year

80 Antimony and its compunds Quantitative toxic data on US EPA and over 1000 ton/year

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81 86 Propanil 709-98-8 HS Act class 3, Quantitative toxic data on US EPA and over 1000 ton/year

82 87 Trimethylbenzene, 1,3,5- 108-67-8 Quantitative toxic data on US EPA and over 1000 ton/year

83 88 Tebuthiuron 34014-18-1 HS Act class 3, Quantitative toxic data on US EPA and over 1000 ton/year

84 89 Toluene 108-88-3 HS Act class 3, Quantitative toxic data on US EPA and frequent detection in monitoring

85 90 2,4-D-BUTYL 94-80-4 HS Act class 3 and over 1000 ton/year

86 91 sodium chlorate 7775-09-9 HS Act class 3-4 and over 1000 ton/year

87 92 Polyethylene glycol nonylphenyl ether 9016-45-9 HS Act class 3 and over 1000 ton/year

88 93 GLYPHOSATE-ISOPROPYLAMMONIUM

38641-94-0 HS Act class 3 and over 1000 ton/year

89 94 PROTHIOCARB 19622-08-3 HS Act class 3 and over 1000 ton/year

90 95 DIALIFOS(DIALIFOR) 10311-84-9 HS Act class 3 and over 1000 ton/year

91 Boron and its compounds HS Act class 3 and over 1000 ton/year

96 Orthoboric acid 10043-35-3

109 BORAX PENTAHYDRATE 11130-12-4

112 Sodium tetraborate 1330-43-4

92 97 Phosphorus pentoxide and other 1314-56-3 HS Act class 3 and over 1000 ton/year

93 98 DITHIOPYR 97886-45-8 HS Act class 3 and over 1000 ton/year

94 Manganese and its compounds HS Act class 1and over 1000 ton/year

99 Manganese dioxide 1313-13-9

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95 100 2,4-D-BUTOTYL 1929-73-3 HS Act class 3 and over 1000 ton/year

96 102 Potassium chlorate 3811-04-9 HS Act class 3 and over 1000 ton/year

97 103 Ryania 15662-33-6 HS Act class 3 and over 1000 ton/year

98 Copper and soluble salts HS Act class 3 and over 1000 ton/year

104 Copper sulfate 7758-98-7

99 105 PROPIONICACID 79-09-4 HS Act class 3 and over 1000 ton/year

100 106 2, 4-D-DIMETHYLAMMONIUM 2008-39-1 HS Act class 3 and over 1000 ton/year

101 107 IMAZAQUIN-AMMONIUM 81335-47-9 HS Act class 3 and over 1000 ton/year

102 108 BUTACHLOR 23184-66-9 HS Act class 3 and over 1000 ton/year

103 111 1-(p-METHOXYPHENYL)-2-METHYL-1,3- PROPANEDIOL-METHYLENE

ETHER

5689-72-5 HS Act class 3 and over 1000 ton/year

104 Cadmium and its compounds 7440-43-9 HS Act class 3, 4 and over 1000 ton/year

105 SOx To be included in data disclosure to public. Not required for industry reporting as regulation already exist for reporting.

106 NOx To be included in data disclosure to public. Not required for industry reporting as regulation already exist for reporting.

107 Dioxin and Furan To be included in the system when the reliable data become available for their emission status and factors. Not included for the pilot project.

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Carcinogens(USEPA data)

• 36 subtances

No. Name of Chemical CAS Registry Number(CAS No.)

1 Propylene Oxide 75-56-92 Vinyl Chloride 1975/1/43 Dichloroethane, 1,2- 107-06-24 Acrylonitrile 107-13-15 Ethylene Oxide 75-21-86 Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate 117-81-77 Methylene Chloride 1975/9/28 Naphthalene 91-20-39 Ethyl Acrylate 140-88-5

10 Methyl tert-Butyl Ether (MTBE) 1634-04-411 Trinitrotoluene, 2,4,6- 118-96-712 Trichloroethylene 1979/1/613 Atrazine 1912-24-914 Bromo-2-chloroethane, 1- 107-04-015 Tetrachloroethylene 127-18-416 Cromium and its componds17 Nickel and its compounds18 Isophorone 78-59-119 Dichlorobenzene, 1,4- 106-46-720 Hexachlorocyclohexane 319-86-821 Captan 133-06-222 Acrylamide 1979/6/123 Dichlorvos 62-73-724 Formaldehyde 50-00-025 Chloroacetaldehyde, 2- 107-20-026 Benzyl Chloride 100-44-727 Chlorothalonil 1897-45-628 Hydroquinone 123-31-929 Arsenic and its compounds

30 Chloroform (trichloromethane) 67-66-331 1,3-Butadiene 106-99-032 Benzene 71-43-233 Acetaldehyde 75-07-039 Lead and Compounds104 Cadmium and its compounds107 Dioxin and Furan

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Agriculture related (as active ingredient)

• 26 substances– Carcinogen data for 5 substances

13 Atrazine 1912-24-920 Hexachlorocyclohexane 319-86-821 Captan 133-06-223 Dichlorvos 62-73-727 Chlorothalonil 1897-45-651 Paraquat Dichloride 1910-42-570 Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid, 2,4- 94-75-772 Ametryn 834-12-876 Sodium Cyanide 143-33-977 Chlorpyrifos 2921-88-281 Propanil 709-98-883 Tebuthiuron 34014-18-185 2,4-D-BUTYL 94-80-486 sodium chlorate 7775/9/988 GLYPHOSATE-ISOPROPYLAMMONIUM 38641-94-089 PROTHIOCARB 19622-08-390 DIALIFOS(DIALIFOR) 10311-84-991 Boron and its compounds93 DITHIOPYR 97886-45-895 2,4-D-BUTOTYL 1929-73-396 Potassium chlorate 3811/4/997 Ryania 15662-33-698 Copper and soluble salts100 2, 4-D-DIMETHYLAMMONIUM 2008-39-1101 IMAZAQUIN-AMMONIUM 81335-47-9102 BUTACHLOR 23184-66-9

22

Agriculture related(as inactive ingredient)

• 8 substances– Carcinogen data for 2 substances

19 Dichlorobenzene, 1,4- 106-46-732 Benzene 71-43-235 Ethylene Glycol 107-21-137 Zinc and its compounds44 Xylenes82 Trimethylbenzene, 1,3,5- 108-67-884 Toluene 108-88-387 Polyethylene glycol nonylphenyl ether 9016-45-9

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Heavy metal and elemental substances

• 12 substances

‐ carcinogen data for 5 substances

16 Cromium and its componds17 Nickel and its compounds29 Arsenic and its compounds

37 Zinc and its compounds39 Lead and Compounds53 Tin and its compounds68 Molybdenum and its compounds80 Antimony and its compunds91 Boron and its compounds94 Manganese and its compounds98 Copper and soluble salts104 Cadmium and its compounds

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Situation of use in the industry nationwide (from 2004 data by DIW)

• Approx. 80 substances among the lists were used or produced

• Total number of factories :  approx. 3,300 

• Total volume of chemicals (in the list)

Approx. 30 million tons