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Taxonomy & Biodiversity

Taxonomy

- Science of naming, describing and classifying organisms intodifferent groups(taxa)(systematics)

- Importance

- Predict characteristic of newly discovered species

- New species can be classified based on specific characteristic

- SpeciesGroups of individual that interbreeds to produce

viable fertile offspring

- Systematics is

study of diversity

of organism and

their evolutionary

relationship

- Classification , involving

arranging organism into

groups based on similarities

which reflects evolutionary

relationship

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Taxonomy Hierarchy Taxon is group that contains organism that share some basic features that indicates

they share a common ancestry

Kingdom.. Animalia

Phylum Chordata

subphylum................ Vertebrata

Class ... Mammalia

Order .. Rodentia

Family . Muridae

Genus ..PeromyscusSpecies leucopus

FIVE KI NGDOM SYSTEM

Animalia Fungi Plantae

Protista

Prokaryotes

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Protista

includes mostly unicellular organisms that do not fit into the other

kingdoms such as

Characteristics of Protists

mostly unicellular, some are simple multicellular (algae)

can be heterotrophic , autotrophic and parasites

most live in water (though some live in moist soil or even the humanbody)

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Algae-CholorophytaChlamydomonas (Green Algae) Spirogyra

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Protozoa-Zoomastigina

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Fungi

are mostly multicellular eukaryotes ex for yeast

Characteristics of Fungi

- Lacks chlorophyll and they are heterotrophic( , , )

- Body consist of mycelium , hyphae(network of tubular filaments) and rigid cell wall

made of chitin

- Non motile because.

- Carbohydrates stored as - Spores produced sexually and asexually

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Zygomycota-Mucor- The hyphae are not divided into

individual cell but it is continuous and

multinucleated- Mucor feeds by branching

hyphae(rhizoids) that penetrate

substances

- Usually found in damp soil or dung of

herbivores

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Filicinophyta

Characteristics

- Fern, where the sporophytegeneration is dominant has true roots, stems and leaves

- Has vascular system that consist oftracheid and sieve tube

- Commonly found in temperate woodland, and tropical rainforest

- Described as heterosporousor homosporous

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Coniferophyta

Characteristics ( for eg Pinus)

- Pinus has seed that is exposed and not protected by ovary

- Also has more developed xylem tracheids (secondary thickening of lignin) and pholem

that has sieve tube, fibres and parenchyma but no companion cell.

- Leaves are needle like with thick waxy cuticles with sunken stomata why ?

- Sporophyte is dominant and its isheterosporous,,,

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Angiospermata