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2014 Open Access Author Survey Annex C: European Union
November 2014 0
Taylor & Francis Open Access Survey
Open Access Mandates
Annex C European Union
November 2014
2014 Open Access Author Survey Annex C: European Union
November 2014 1
The results presented in this report are based on research carried out on
behalf of Taylor & Francis by Will Frass, Research Executive; Jo Cross, Head
of Research & Business Intelligence and Victoria Gardner, Open Access
Publisher.
© Taylor & Francis / Routledge 2014
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative
Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0),
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any
medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The moral rights of the
named author(s) have been asserted.
The authors would like to acknowledge the contributions of Ray Tellis and
Adam Stiles.
2014 Open Access Author Survey Annex C: European Union
November 2014 2
Contents
Survey Methodology ............................................................................................................................................................... 3
Survey Design .................................................................................................................................................................... 3
Population Surveyed .......................................................................................................................................................... 4
Response Rates .................................................................................................................................................................. 4
Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................................................ 5
Horizon 2020 ........................................................................................................................................................................... 6
Awareness of the Policy .......................................................................................................................................................... 8
Previous works published under the Policy .......................................................................................................................... 12
Future works to be published under the Policy .................................................................................................................... 14
When publishing under this Policy, my work will … be read by more people ..................................................................... 16
When publishing under this Policy, my work will … reach people outside of my field ........................................................ 18
When publishing under this Policy, my work will … be more highly cited ........................................................................... 20
When publishing under this Policy, my work will … have a greater impact ......................................................................... 22
This policy will help me secure grant funding for my research in the future ...................................................................... 24
It will be easy to comply with this policy .............................................................................................................................. 26
2014 Open Access Author Survey Annex C: European Union
November 2014 3
Survey Methodology
Survey Design
This is an Annex to the 2014 Taylor & Francis Open Access Survey report, available at Taylor & Francis Online:
http://www.tandfonline.com/page/openaccess/opensurvey/2014
Towards the end of the survey, authors were asked to select the country they are primarily based in. Those authors
selecting one of thirteen countries that have developed significant Open Access policies were directed to a page with a
brief summary of their country’s policies and some questions. Additionally, authors based in one of the 28 member states
of the European Union were also directed to a page about Horizon 2020.
This Annex covers the results from the sub-set of authors from both the Main Survey and the European Mandates Survey
who are based in any of the 28 nations of the European Union answering questions about Horizon 2020 policy.
After the section on Regional Questions, authors who said they were primarily based in the European Union were routed
along the path highlighted in red below before re-joining the Main Survey for the section on Open Access Services:
* Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain.
Regional Questions
Rest of the World
National Mandates
European Union: Horizon 2020 Policy
Open Access Services
National Mandates
Australia
Canada
Japan
Norway
United States
Austria
Belgium
Denmark
Germany
Netherlands
Sweden
United Kingdom
All other Member
States of the European
* Union *
2014 Open Access Author Survey Annex C: European Union
November 2014 4
Survey Methodology
Population Surveyed
The 2014 Taylor & Francis Open Access Survey was sent throughout March 2014 to authors published during the year 2012
(the subsequent year to the 2013 Taylor & Francis Open Access Survey, which was sent throughout December 2012 to mid-
January 2013 to all authors published during 2011), who had not previously opted out of receiving surveys sent by the
Research and Business Intelligence Department.
Any author who had published more than one article in 2012 had their subsequent articles removed from the list before
mailing.
In order to ensure a sufficient number of responses to the questions around Open Access policies, a separate survey
comprising just the Open Access Mandates questions for European countries was compiled and sent to a further 15,000
non-corresponding European authors.
Response Rates
Both the Main Survey and the European Mandates Survey were sent via Survey Monkey’s email distribution interface.
The following methods were employed to maximize the response rates:
The survey invites were sent in batches by region timed to hit close to optimal time for survey responses;
The survey was incentivized with five prize draws, each for an Amazon Voucher to the value of 100 USD and the
chance to win a 1000 USD travel grant to attend an academic conference (Main Survey only);
Two follow-up emails were sent to non-respondents as a reminder.
The following table gives a breakdown of the response rates for each survey:
Population Emails sent
Emails bounced
Emails received
Survey respondents
Responses from European authors
Main Survey 89,181 2,927 86,254 7,936 2,176
European Mandates Survey 15,565 0,891 14,674 0,596 591
Total 104,746 3,818 100,928 8,532 2,767
2014 Open Access Author Survey Annex C: European Union
November 2014 5
Executive Summary
Introduction
In 2011, European Union member states asked the European
Commission to propose a framework which unified all the existing
research funding into one structure. In November 2013, the
European Parliament voted in favour of the new Horizon 2020
framework and the European Council adopted it in December 2013.
Since January 2014, researchers who receive funding from Horizon
2020 must follow a two-stage process to ensure their articles and
datasets are open access:
Stage Compliance Deadline
1 Deposit a machine-readable version in an online repository
No later than publication
2 Ensure open access by either one of two routes:
Green route: by granting
open access to repository
6 months (STM) 12 months (SSH)
Gold route: by publishing
in an open access journal
No later than end of project
Overview
Across the EU, just over 4 in 10 [42%] authors said they were
already aware of the Horizon 2020 policy – around half [51%] of
whom said they understood what the policy meant, and a further
third [34%] of whom said they were mid-way between those with a
full understanding and those with none at all.
However, when taking into account those authors who had not
heard about Horizon 2020 policy until they completed the survey,
the level of understanding drops to 37%.
It is unsurprising that three-quarters [74%] of respondents to a
survey in March 2014 had not yet published work under a policy
which only commenced in January that year.
However, the fact 6 in 10 [61%] were unable to say whether or not
they would publish work under this policy in the future is probably
because researchers do not know if the EU’s Horizon 2020 fund will
provide a component of their research budget in the coming years.
That said, one third [33%] of authors do envisage publishing work
that needs to comply with this policy in the future.
Most authors in the EU [55%] agree that the mandate which applies to
published articles funded through this framework will mean their work
is read by more people, although significantly fewer [40%] believe that
it will enable their work to reach people outside their field.
It remains to be seen whether authors feel Horizon 2020 will help
them secure grant funding and how easy they feel it will be to
comply with this policy; nearly as many disagreed as agreed on
these topics, and the largest single group comprised those authors
occupying the middle-ground who are currently undecided either
way.
Subject analysis
Compared to authors in the Social Science and Humanities, authors
in Science, Technical and Medical subjects are more likely to have a
greater level of awareness and understanding of this policy; more
likely to publish work under it in the future; and are more likely to
think that doing so will increase their readership.
However, there are no discernible differences between SSH and
STM authors in their attitudes towards any of the other potential
benefits.
Age analysis
Awareness of the policy is lower amongst authors in their 20s
compared to most older age-brackets, yet their reported levels of
understanding is very similar to authors in their 30s and 40s,
although most [69%] are unsure if they will publish work under this
policy in the future.
At least 4 in 10 authors in each age group between 30 and 69 are
aware of the policy, with awareness highest amongst those in their
60s [47%]. Yet more authors in their 50s and 60s admitted they did
not understand the policy compared to authors under 40.
The level of agreements about the four potential benefits –
readership, reaching outside the field, citations and impact –
steadily declines with each decade across these age brackets from
30 to 70.
With less than a quarter [22%] of authors over 70 planning to
publish work funded by Horizon 2020 in the future, it is
understandable these authors have the lowest level of awareness
and understanding of the policy of any age group.
Gender analysis
Gender plays no role in determining the level of an author’s
awareness or understanding of Horizon 2020, nor the likelihood
they will publish under this policy in the future.
However, female authors are more inclined to agree with each of
the four potential benefits mentioned above, as well as its ability to
help them secure grant funding, than their male counterparts.
Years of Experience analysis
Except for authors with less than 5 years’ of experience, who are
less likely to be aware of the policy than average, an author’s level
of experience does not influence their awareness or understanding.
Agreement about the benefits of this policy initially rises with
experience – peaking amongst authors with between 10 and 14
years of experience – before declining again thereafter.
2014 Open Access Author Survey Annex C: European Union
November 2014 6
How well do you understand this Policy?
European Union Horizon 2020
13%
18%
24%
33%
29%
34%
16%
12%
18%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
All EU authors [n = 2476 ]
Authors alreadyaware of the act
[n = 1038 ]
5 – I fully understand the policy 4 3 2 1 – I do not understand the policy
Introduction
Policy overview: Horizon 2020 is the European Union Framework Research programme covering the period from 2014 – 2020. €80 billion in research funding will be made available during this period to grantees from member states. Open Access forms part of the policy documentation (Gold and Green).
What do funded researchers have to do?
Researchers should apply for publication funds as part of their grant proposal and the APC should be paid before their project ends.
They should deposit their article in a repository. This can be the final published article or the accepted version of the article. They must do this within either 6 months (S&T) or 12 months (SSH) of publication. This article should be machine readable.
Data related to the article should also be deposited in a data repository.
Further information: This summary of the policy has been created by Taylor & Francis for this purpose of this survey. For complete and up to date information please follow the link below to visit the funder’s website. Please note that not all OA policies for the country / region are listed here.
http://ec.europa.eu/research/participants/data/ref/h2020/grants_manual/hi/oa_pilot/h2020-hi-oa-pilot-guide_en.pdf
Publishing work under this Policy
Have you published work under
this Policy previously? [n = 2,494]
Yes 5% No 74% Unsure 20%
Will you publish work under this
Policy in the future? [n = 2,496]
Yes 33% No 6% Unsure 61%
Awareness of the Policy
Are you aware of this Policy?
[n = 2,508]
Yes 42% No 58%
2014 Open Access Author Survey Annex C: European Union
November 2014 7
European Union Horizon 2020
When publishing work under this Policy my work will...
21%
12%
13%
11%
34%
28%
26%
24%
23%
30%
33%
36%
7%
11%
10%
11%
14%
15%
15%
14%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
...be read by more people[n = 2438]
...reach people outside ofmy field
[n = 2428]
...be more highly cited[n = 2448]
...have a greater impact[n = 2434]
5 – strongly agree 4 3 2 1 – strongly disagree N/A
Securing grant funding
Ease of compliance
10% 19% 33% 15% 7% 16%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
This policy will help mesecure grant funding
for my research in future[n = 2417]
5 – strongly agree 4 3 2 1 – strongly disagree N/A
10% 19% 34% 15% 6% 17%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
It will be easy to complywith this policy
[n = 2416]
5 – strongly agree 4 3 2 1 – strongly disagree N/A
2014 Open Access Author Survey Annex C: European Union
November 2014 8
Awareness of the Policy
Baseline of all authors in the European Union
Subject analysis
Age analysis
Yes 42% No 58%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
All EU authors[n = 2508]
Yes 39%
Yes 45%
No 61%
No 55%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Humanities andSocial Science
[n = 1392]
Science, Technology and Medicine
[n = 832]
Yes 37%
Yes 41%
Yes 42%
Yes 43%
Yes 47%
Yes 34%
No 63%
No 59%
No 58%
No 57%
No 53%
No 66%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
20 - 29 [n = 149]
30 - 39 [n = 857]
40 - 49 [n = 702]
50 - 59 [n = 490]
60 - 69 [n = 198]
70 and over [n = 47]
2014 Open Access Author Survey Annex C: European Union
November 2014 9
Awareness of the Policy
Baseline of all authors in the European Union
Gender analysis
Experience analysis
Yes 42% No 58%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
All EU authors[n = 2508]
Yes 42%
Yes 42%
No 58%
No 58%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Male[n = 1332]
Female[n = 753]
Yes 36%
Yes 41%
Yes 42%
Yes 41%
Yes 44%
No 64%
No 59%
No 58%
No 59%
No 56%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
< 5 years of experience
[n = 142]
5 - 9 years of experience
[n = 447]
10-14 years of experience
[n = 516]
15-20 years of experience
[n = 392]
20 + years of experience
[n = 917]
2014 Open Access Author Survey Annex C: European Union
November 2014 10
Understanding the Policy
Baseline of all authors in the European Union
Subject analysis
Age analysis
13% 24% 29% 16% 18%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
All EU authors [n = 2476]
5 – I fully understand the policy 4 3 2 1 – I do not understand the policy
12%
16%
22%
27%
29%
30%
16%
14%
21%
12%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Humanities andSocial Science
[n = 1369]
Science, Technology and Medicine
[n = 828]
5 – I fully understand the policy 4 3 2 1 – I do not understand the policy
10%
13%
13%
15%
12%
4%
30%
25%
26%
19%
22%
24%
29%
31%
30%
28%
24%
24%
15%
16%
15%
15%
21%
22%
16%
15%
16%
23%
22%
26%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
20 - 29 [n = 149]
30 - 39 [n = 843]
40 - 49 [n = 693]
50 - 59 [n = 483]
60 - 69 [n = 200]
70 or over [n = 46]
5 – I fully understand the policy 4 3 2 1 – I do not understand the policy
2014 Open Access Author Survey Annex C: European Union
November 2014 11
Understanding the Policy
Baseline of all authors in the European Union
Gender analysis
Experience analysis
13% 24% 29% 16% 18%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
All EU authors [n = 2476]
5 – I fully understand the policy 4 3 2 1 – I do not understand the policy
14%
13%
25%
24%
29%
32%
15%
16%
17%
15%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Male[n = 1324]
Female[n = 744]
5 – I fully understand the policy 4 3 2 1 – I do not understand the policy
9%
14%
13%
12%
14%
28%
24%
23%
26%
22%
30%
33%
30%
31%
26%
16%
16%
17%
15%
16%
17%
13%
17%
15%
22%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
< 5 years of experience
[n = 140]
5 - 9 years of experience
[n = 442]
10-14 years of experience
[n = 513]
15-20 years of experience
[n = 385]
20 + years of experience
[n = 909]
5 – I fully understand the policy 4 3 2 1 – I do not understand the policy
2014 Open Access Author Survey Annex C: European Union
November 2014 12
Previous works published under the Policy
Baseline of all authors in the European Union
Subject analysis
Age analysis
5% No 74% Unsure 20%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
All EU authors[n = 2494]
4%
7%
No 75%
No 73%
Unsure 21%
Unsure 19%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Humanities and Social Science
[n = 1382]
Science, Technology and Medicine
[n = 833]
3%
5%
6%
6%
Yes 8%
Yes 9%
No 71%
No 75%
No 75%
No 74%
No 73%
No 70%
Unsure 25%
Unsure 20%
Unsure 19%
Unsure 20%
Unsure 20%
Unsure 22%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
20 - 29 [n = 150]
30 - 39 [n = 851]
40 - 49 [n = 699]
50 - 59 [n = 488]
60 - 69 [n = 199]
70 - 79 [n = 46]
2014 Open Access Author Survey Annex C: European Union
November 2014 13
Previous works published under the Policy
Baseline of all authors in the European Union
Gender analysis
Experience analysis
5% No 74% Unsure 20%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
All EU authors[n = 2494]
5%
6%
No 75%
No 73%
Unsure 20%
Unsure 21%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Male[n = 1331]
Female[n = 750]
4%
5%
7%
6%
No 70%
No 75%
No 74%
No 73%
No 76%
Unsure 26%
Unsure 21%
Unsure 21%
Unsure 20%
Unsure 18%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
< 5 yearsof experience
[n = 142]
5 - 9 yearsof experience
[n = 443]
10 - 14 yearsof experience
[n = 517]
15 - 19 yearsof experience
[n = 391]
20 + yearsof experience
[n = 914]
2014 Open Access Author Survey Annex C: European Union
November 2014 14
Future works to be published under the Policy
Baseline of all authors in the European Union
Subject analysis
Age analysis
Yes 33% 6% Unsure 61%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
All EU authors[n = 2496]
Yes 30%
Yes 39%
6%
4%
Unsure 64%
Unsure 57%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Humanities and Social Science
[n =1385]
Science, Technology and Medicine
[n =832]
Yes 27%
Yes 33%
Yes 35%
Yes 34%
Yes 35%
Yes 22%
6%
6%
10%
No 11%
Unsure 69%
Unsure 62%
Unsure 61%
Unsure 60%
Unsure 56%
Unsure 67%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
20 - 29 [n = 150]
30 - 39 [n = 853]
40 - 49 [n = 697]
50 - 59 [n = 491]
60 - 69 [n = 200]
70 or over [n = 46]
2014 Open Access Author Survey Annex C: European Union
November 2014 15
Future works to be published under the Policy
Baseline of all authors in the European Union
Gender analysis
Experience analysis
Yes 33% 6% Unsure 61%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
All EU authors[n = 2496]
Yes 34%
Yes 33%
6%
4%
Unsure 60%
Unsure 63%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Male[n = 1334]
Female[n = 751]
Yes 22%
Yes 33%
Yes 34%
Yes 33%
Yes 34%
6%
5%
4%
4%
7%
Unsure 72%
Unsure 62%
Unsure 62%
Unsure 62%
Unsure 59%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
< 5 years ofexperience[n = 142]
5 - 9 years ofexperience[n = 445]
10 - 14 yearsof experience
[n = 518]
15 - 19 yearsof experience
[n = 389]
20 + yearsof experience
[n = 917]
2014 Open Access Author Survey Annex C: European Union
November 2014 16
When publishing under this Policy, my work will … be read by more people
Baseline of all authors in the European Union
Subject analysis
Age analysis
21% 34% 23% 7% 14%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
All EU authors
[n = 2438]
5 – strongly agree 4 3 2 1 – strongly disagree N/A
20%
24%
34%
36%
21%
22%
8%
5%
15%
10%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Humanities andSocial Science
[n = 1348]
Science, Technology and Medicine
[n = 826]
5 – strongly agree 4 3 2 1 – strongly disagree N/A
21%
22%
23%
18%
17%
7%
38%
37%
34%
31%
26%
32%
18%
20%
21%
24%
33%
34%
4%
6%
6%
9%
8%
7%
18%
13%
13%
14%
13%
18%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
20 - 29 [n = 148]
30 - 39 [n = 832]
40 - 49 [n = 682]
50 - 59 [n = 476]
60 - 69 [n = 200]
70 or over [n = 44]
5 – strongly agree 4 3 2 1 – strongly disagree N/A
2014 Open Access Author Survey Annex C: European Union
November 2014 17
When publishing under this Policy, my work will … be read by more people
Baseline of all authors in the European Union
Gender analysis
Experience analysis
21% 34% 23% 7% 14%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
All EU authors
[n = 2438]
5 – strongly agree 4 3 2 1 – strongly disagree N/A
20%
23%
32%
35%
23%
23%
8%
5%
13%
12%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Male[n = 1301]
Female[n = 737]
5 – strongly agree 4 3 2 1 – strongly disagree N/A
15%
19%
25%
23%
19%
37%
39%
35%
31%
32%
20%
22%
20%
24%
24%
7%
6%
6%
6%
8%
19%
13%
12%
14%
13%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
< 5 years of experience
[n = 138]
5 - 9 years of experience
[n = 437]
10-14 years of experience
[n = 502]
15-20 years of experience
[n = 386]
20 + years of experience
[n = 896]
5 – strongly agree 4 3 2 1 – strongly disagree N/A
2014 Open Access Author Survey Annex C: European Union
November 2014 18
When publishing under this Policy, my work will … reach people outside of my field
Baseline of all authors in the European Union
Subject analysis
Age analysis
12% 28% 30% 11% 15%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
All EU authors [n = 2428]
5 – strongly agree 4 3 2 1 – strongly disagree N/A
12%
13%
28%
28%
29%
31%
10%
13%
16%
11%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Humanities andSocial Science
[n = 1342]
Science, Technology and Medicine
[n = 818]
5 – strongly agree 4 3 2 1 – strongly disagree N/A
15%
14%
13%
10%
8%
4%
24%
31%
29%
25%
24%
20%
32%
27%
30%
32%
34%
38%
7%
12%
10%
13%
13%
16%
6%
8%
7%
19%
14%
14%
15%
14%
16%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
20 - 29 [n= 148]
30 - 39 [n= 829]
40 - 49 [n= 682]
50 - 59 [n= 472]
60 - 69 [n= 196]
70 or over [n= 45]
5 – strongly agree 4 3 2 1 – strongly disagree N/A
2014 Open Access Author Survey Annex C: European Union
November 2014 19
When publishing under this Policy, my work will … reach people outside of my field
Baseline of all authors in the European Union
Gender analysis
Experience analysis
12% 28% 30% 11% 15%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
All EU authors [n = 2428]
5 – strongly agree 4 3 2 1 – strongly disagree N/A
11%
14%
26%
32%
31%
28%
13%
9%
5% 14%
13%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Male[n = 1300]
Female[n = 730]
5 – strongly agree 4 3 2 1 – strongly disagree N/A
12%
11%
17%
13%
10%
23%
31%
29%
30%
26%
35%
29%
26%
30%
32%
7%
11%
12%
10%
13%
4%
6%
22%
14%
13%
15%
14%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
< 5 years of experience
[n = 138]
5 - 9 years of experience
[n = 433]
10-14 years of experience
[n = 502]
15-20 years of experience
[n = 386]
20 + years of experience
[n = 888]
5 – strongly agree 4 3 2 1 – strongly disagree N/A
2014 Open Access Author Survey Annex C: European Union
November 2014 20
When publishing under this Policy, my work will … be more highly cited
Baseline of all authors in the European Union
Subject analysis
Age analysis
13% 26% 33% 10% 15%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
All EU authors [n = 2448]
5 – strongly agree 4 3 2 1 – strongly disagree N/A
13%
13%
26%
26%
32%
35%
10%
10%
15%
11%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Humanities andSocial Science
[n = 1352]
Science, Technology and Medicine
[n = 828]
5 – strongly agree 4 3 2 1 – strongly disagree N/A
12%
14%
13%
13%
11%
4%
32%
27%
26%
25%
20%
27%
26%
33%
34%
32%
40%
36%
10%
10%
8%
12%
11%
13%
7%
19%
14%
14%
14%
13%
18%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
20 - 29 [n = 148]
30 - 39 [n = 835]
40 - 49 [n = 687]
50 - 59 [n = 477]
60 - 69 [n = 200]
70 or over [n = 45]
5 – strongly agree 4 3 2 1 – strongly disagree N/A
2014 Open Access Author Survey Annex C: European Union
November 2014 21
When publishing under this Policy, my work will … be more highly cited
Baseline of all authors in the European Union
Gender analysis
Experience analysis
13% 26% 33% 10% 15%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
All EU authors [n = 2448]
5 – strongly agree 4 3 2 1 – strongly disagree N/A
11%
15%
26%
27%
34%
33%
11%
8%
4% 14%
13%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Male[n = 1310]
Female[n = 737]
5 – strongly agree 4 3 2 1 – strongly disagree N/A
9%
11%
16%
13%
12%
30%
29%
25%
27%
24%
26%
33%
34%
33%
35%
13%
10%
9%
9%
10% 5%
21%
14%
13%
14%
13%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
< 5 years of experience
[n = 138]
5 - 9 years of experience
[n = 439]
10-14 years of experience
[n = 504]
15-20 years of experience
[n = 388]
20 + years of experience
[n = 898]
5 – strongly agree 4 3 2 1 – strongly disagree N/A
2014 Open Access Author Survey Annex C: European Union
November 2014 22
When publishing under this Policy, my work will … have a greater impact
Baseline of all authors in the European Union
Subject analysis
Age analysis
11% 24% 36% 11% 14%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
All EU authors [n = 2434]
5 – strongly agree 4 3 2 1 – strongly disagree N/A
11%
11%
25%
24%
34%
38%
10%
13%
15%
10%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Humanities andSocial Science
[n = 1347]
Science, Technology and Medicine
[n = 821]
5 – strongly agree 4 3 2 1 – strongly disagree N/A
11%
12%
11%
10%
10%
5%
24%
26%
24%
25%
17%
18%
34%
34%
38%
34%
41%
50%
11%
12%
10%
12%
14%
7%
6%
6%
5%
20%
13%
13%
14%
13%
16%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
20 - 29 [n = 148]
30 - 39 [n = 829]
40 - 49 [n = 686]
50 - 59 [n = 473]
60 - 69 [n = 198]
70 or over [n = 44]
5 – strongly agree 4 3 2 1 – strongly disagree N/A
2014 Open Access Author Survey Annex C: European Union
November 2014 23
When publishing under this Policy, my work will … have a greater impact
Baseline of all authors in the European Union
Gender analysis
Experience analysis
11% 24% 36% 11% 14%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
All EU authors [n = 2434]
5 – strongly agree 4 3 2 1 – strongly disagree N/A
10%
13%
24%
26%
36%
37%
13%
10%
5% 13%
13%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Male[n = 1301]
Female[n = 734]
5 – strongly agree 4 3 2 1 – strongly disagree N/A
11%
11%
13%
11%
10%
17%
25%
28%
24%
23%
36%
37%
32%
38%
37%
14%
11%
13%
10%
11% 6%
21%
14%
12%
14%
13%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
< 5 years of experience
[n = 138]
5 - 9 years of experience
[n = 435]
10-14 years of experience
[n = 503]
15-20 years of experience
[n = 387]
20 + years of experience
[n = 890]
5 – strongly agree 4 3 2 1 – strongly disagree N/A
2014 Open Access Author Survey Annex C: European Union
November 2014 24
This policy will help me secure grant funding for my research in the future
Baseline of all authors in the European Union
Subject analysis
Age analysis
10% 19% 33% 15% 7% 16%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
All EU authors [n = 2417]
5 – strongly agree 4 3 2 1 – strongly disagree N/A
11%
9%
20%
18%
32%
33%
13%
19%
6%
9%
17%
12%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Humanities andSocial Science
[n = 1336]
Science, Technology and Medicine
[n = 816]
5 – strongly agree 4 3 2 1 – strongly disagree N/A
10%
10%
11%
10%
9%
5%
19%
22%
18%
18%
17%
18%
35%
32%
34%
30%
38%
36%
12%
16%
15%
17%
14%
9%
7%
7%
8%
9%
7%
21%
15%
15%
17%
14%
25%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
20 - 29 [n = 145]
30 - 39 [n = 820]
40 - 49 [n = 680]
50 - 59 [n = 472]
60 - 69 [n = 199]
70 or over [n = 44]
5 – strongly agree 4 3 2 1 – strongly disagree N/A
2014 Open Access Author Survey Annex C: European Union
November 2014 25
This policy will help me secure grant funding for my research in the future
Baseline of all authors in the European Union
Gender analysis
Experience analysis
10% 19% 33% 15% 7% 16%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
All EU authors [n = 2417]
5 – strongly agree 4 3 2 1 – strongly disagree N/A
8%
12%
18%
22%
33%
32%
16%
14%
9%
5%
15%
16%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Male[n = 1290]
Female[n = 729]
5 – strongly agree 4 3 2 1 – strongly disagree N/A
7%
8%
11%
11%
10%
23%
23%
17%
19%
18%
33%
34%
33%
35%
31%
14%
15%
17%
13%
16%
5%
7%
7%
9%
20%
15%
14%
16%
16%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
< 5 years of experience
[n = 135]
5 - 9 years of experience
[n = 432]
10-14 years of experience
[n = 497]
15-20 years of experience
[n = 384]
20 + years of experience
[n = 889]
5 – strongly agree 4 3 2 1 – strongly disagree N/A
2014 Open Access Author Survey Annex C: European Union
November 2014 26
It will be easy to comply with this policy
Baseline of all authors in the European Union
Subject analysis
Age analysis
10% 19% 34% 15% 6% 17%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
All EU authors [n = 2416]
5 – strongly agree 4 3 2 1 – strongly disagree N/A
9%
10%
19%
19%
33%
35%
15%
16%
17%
15%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Humanities andSocial Science
[n = 1336]
Science, Technology and Medicine
[n = 815]
5 – strongly agree 4 3 2 1 – strongly disagree N/A
7%
10%
10%
10%
10%
7%
25%
18%
20%
19%
15%
14%
35%
35%
34%
30%
39%
33%
8%
16%
15%
17%
12%
17%
6%
9%
8%
10%
22%
16%
16%
15%
16%
19%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
20 - 29 [n = 148]
30 - 39 [n = 823]
40 - 49 [n = 683]
50 - 59 [n = 466]
60 - 69 [n = 197]
70 or over [n = 42]
5 – strongly agree 4 3 2 1 – strongly disagree N/A
2014 Open Access Author Survey Annex C: European Union
November 2014 27
It will be easy to comply with this policy
Baseline of all authors in the European Union
Gender analysis
Experience analysis
10% 19% 34% 15% 17%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
All EU authors [n = 2416]
5 – strongly agree 4 3 2 1 – strongly disagree N/A
9%
10%
19%
19%
33%
37%
17%
13%
6%
5%
16%
15%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Male[n = 1289]
Female[n = 730]
5 – strongly agree 4 3 2 1 – strongly disagree N/A
7%
9%
11%
10%
9%
26%
18%
18%
18%
19%
34%
38%
33%
36%
32%
8%
15%
17%
16%
16% 9%
24%
16%
15%
15%
16%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
< 5 years of experience
[n = 137]
5 - 9 years of experience
[n = 434]
10-14 years of experience
[n = 497]
15-20 years of experience
[n = 385]
20 + years of experience
[n = 884]
5 – strongly agree 4 3 2 1 – strongly disagree N/A
2014 Open Access Author Survey Annex C: European Union
November 2014 28
Appendix
Distribution of Respondents by
Country in the European Union
2014 Open Access Author Survey Annex C: European Union
November 2014 29
This appendix provides the frequency with which each of the 28 countries in
the European Union by our respondents.
Please note not all of these authors completed the entire Horizon 2020
section in full.
© Taylor & Francis / Routledge 2014
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative
Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0),
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any
medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The moral rights of the
named author(s) have been asserted.
2014 Open Access Author Survey Annex C: European Union
November 2014 30
Distribution of Respondents by Country in the European Union
UK United Kingdom 927
IT Italy 331
DE Germany 199
ES Spain 193
NL Netherlands 168
PT Portugal 124
SE Sweden 115
FR France 99
GR Greece 98
IE Ireland 66
DK Denmark 60
BE Belgium 57
FI Finland 56
PL Poland 53
RO Romania 43
AT Austria 36
HU Hungary 26
CZ Czech Republic 22
HR Croatia 17
LT Lithuania 14
CY Cyprus 13
SI Slovenia 10
EE Estonia 8
LV Latvia 8
SK Slovakia 8
BG Bulgaria 7
MT Malta 6
LU Luxembourg 3