tb & culture (3)

Tuberculosis and Culture

The Silent Killer

Portrait by Richard Tennant Cooper

Introduction

Where did Tuberculosis come from?

Latest findings; Dr Granville’s

Mummy and/or Seals

Image: The Trustees

of the British Museum

Photo by Ricardo Bastida

Tuberculosis The

Disease

Etiologic Agent

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

Pestilence

Active vs latent (not contagious)

Picture of Pestilence

Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture shows

the bacteria's colonial morphology.

Credit: George Kubica/CDC

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

bacteria, which cause tuberculosis.

Introduction

Where did Tuberculosis come from?

Evolved from domestic cattle and

beaver? - M bovis

Pasteurization of milk

Photograph: Natural Visions/Alamy

1822-1895, Invented Pasteurization

Photograph: biography.com

Introduction

Where did Tuberculosis

come from?

How TB Conquered the

World

TB bacteria accompanied people out of Africa about 50,000 years

ago (top). These strains then spread around the world as people

colonized Asia and the Americas (bottom).

Courtesy of Sebastien Gagneux

Tuberculosis The Disease

How TB Spreads

• Portal of entry-cough, sneeze, sing, spit

• Infectious aerosol droplets

TB Spread by Sneezing

Courtesy of CDC

How TB Does

NOT Spread

Toilet Seats

Kissing

Shaking hands

HuggingSign Image Courtesy of

thecountryfurniturestore.co.uk


Types of TB

Pulmonary-80-85%

Extrapulmonary-15-20%

Scrofula. Source: National Library of Medicine

Photo Source: National Library of Medicine


Schiffman G (15 January 2009). "Tuberculosis Symptoms".

eMedicineHealth.


Hippocrates 460-375 BC

-Phthisis meaning ‘to waste’

-Caused by evil air-not contagious

Aristotle 384-322 BC

-Might be contagious due to bad, heavy breathe

Galen 129-216 AD

-Phthisis had been accepted, no contagious agent could be found

-Defined it further

Aristotle Bust Image: Brittanica.com

Hippocrates Bust Image: Brittanica.com

Galen Image: Brittanica.com

How Tuberculosis Affects Culture

Etching by Pierre Firens extracted from the work of André du Laurens,

A. Laurentis of strumis earum causis and curiae (Paris, 1609). Henry is

shown touching scrofula (former French escrouelles), exercising its

power of thaumaturgy, v

Images from

sciencemuseum.org.uk

Royal Touch

1200’s to

1700’s (ending

with Queen Anne)

Gold Angel

Scrofula


Eleanora of Toledo-First Modern Woman

Securing the Medici Dynasty

1500’s

Agnolo Bronzino, Portrait of Eleonora of

Toledo, 1560 (Gemäldegalerie, Berlin)

Agnolo Bronzino, Portrait of Eleonora di

Toledo with her son Giovanni, 1544-1545

(Gemäldegalerie, Berlin)


Industrial Revolution

‘Hell on Earth”

ph

oto

cre

dit: Sc

ien

ce

Mu

seu

m/

Sc

ien

ce

& S

oc

iety

Pic

ture

Lib

rary


All Photos on this slide Courtesy of ensmuseum.org

1816 - Dr Laennec invents the

stethoscope


“I have lov’d the principle of beauty in all things,and if I had had time I would have made myself remembered,”

John Keats wrote to Fanny Brawnein February, 1820, just after he became ill with Tuberculosis.

John Keats Image: FamousAuthors.org

Fanny Brawne. Portrait photomechanical

print of a miniature, undated. MS Keats 10

(503). Gift of Arthur A. Houghton, Jr., 1940.


1833 Factory Act

Ch

ild L

ab

or

in F

ac

torie

s

Ima

ge

s fr

om

ww

w.p

aig

nto

no

nlin

e.c

om

Ha

nd

bo

ok e

xp

lain

ing

Fa

cto

ry A

cts

Ima

ge

fro

m c

ald

erd

ale

.go

v.u

k

Ophelia, William

Shakespeare

character in Hamlet

Elizabeth Siddal (1829-

1862)

John Everett Millais

-artist


Ophelia portrait by John Everett Millais (1851-52) at Tate,

London

Kathleen Newton

James Tissot the Artist


Alll Photos Courtesy of jamestissot.org


• Dr Edward Livingston Trudeau

• First US Sanitoria, 1894

• ‘The Magic Mountain’ by Thomas

Mann

DO

CTO

RS A

T TR

UD

EA

U I

NSTI

TUTE

, 1

942

Ima

ge

fro

m A

DK

Mu

seu

m.o

rg

Image from TrudeauInstitute.org


Sanitoriums

Photos by Lisa Beuning

The Firland Tuberculosis

Sanatorium

Walter Henry

Administration Building,

now the Martin Center,

was built in 1913

Paimio Sanitorium:

commons.wikimedia.org


Edward MunchThe Sick Child

Ed

va

rdM

un

ch

The

Sic

k C

hild

1907, TA

TE M

use

um

La Misery 1886

Christobal Riojas

Died of TB, age 32


La miseria (1886).Cristobal Rojas - Obra de arte, Pintura de Cristóbal

Rojas (1857–1890) Galería de Arte Nacional, Caracas- Venezuela

Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen(1845-1923)

First W-Ray Machine


Images: nobelprize.org


Robert Koch 1843-1910

Attributed for discovery of

TB causing agent

Nobel Prize in 1905

Photos on this slide Courtesy of

historyofvaccines.org


Prevention

Image from calderdale.gov.uk


TB Harlem1940

Collapsing of the Lung

Alic

e N

ee

l, T.

B.

Ha

rle

m,

1940

;;N

atio

na

l W

om

en

of

the

Art

s


Movies

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ulin

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e im

ag

e c

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m IM

Db

.co

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RENT image from

playbillvault.com

ima

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.uk

ima

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An

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ag

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Images from

IMDb.com

Summary

Summary

Graph Image:westonaprice.org

Summary

Consumption Poem by William Cullen Bryant (1794-1878)

Ay, thou art for the grave; thy glances shine

Too brightly to shine long; another Spring

Shall deck her for men's eyes---but not for thine---

Sealed in a sleep which knows no wakening.

The fields for thee have no medicinal leaf,

And the vexed ore no mineral of power;

And they who love thee wait in anxious grief

Till the slow plague shall bring the final hour.

Glide softly to thy rest then; Death should come

Gently, to one of gentle mould like thee,

As light winds wandering through groves of bloom

Detach the delicate blossom from the tree.

Close thy sweet eyes, calmly, and without pain;

And we will trust in God to see thee yet again.

Summary

To Learn More…

Read the books-

Spitting Blood: The History of Tuberculosis by Helen Bynum

Fevered Lives: Tuberculosis in American Culture since 1870 by Katherine Ott

The Jungle by Upton Sinclair

Or Link to –

www.Nature.com

http://www.Nature.com

tb & culture (3)

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