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Tech-Design®

Auto ExplorationStudent Guide

eSeries

Edition 137659-Q0

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Auto Exploration Table of Contents

Student GuideTech-Design by Lab-Volt vii

Introduction .................................................................................................................1

Welcome to the Automotive World ...........................................................................3To-Do List ..............................................................................................................3Study Guide ...........................................................................................................4Video Response: Henry Ford .................................................................................5

Introduction to Auto Insight ......................................................................................6To-Do List ..............................................................................................................6Study Guide ...........................................................................................................7

The Internal Combustion Engine ..............................................................................8To-Do List ..............................................................................................................8Study Guide ...........................................................................................................9

Understanding the Fuel System ..............................................................................12To-Do List ............................................................................................................12Study Guide .........................................................................................................13Impacts Video Response: Auto Exploration .........................................................15

Electronics for the Automobile ...............................................................................16To-Do List ............................................................................................................16Study Guide .........................................................................................................17

Steering and the Suspension System ....................................................................18To-Do List ............................................................................................................18Study Guide .........................................................................................................19

Auto Safety ................................................................................................................20To-Do List ............................................................................................................20Study Guide .........................................................................................................21

The Cooling System .................................................................................................23To-Do List ............................................................................................................23Study Guide .........................................................................................................24

Climate Control in the Automobile .........................................................................25To-Do List ............................................................................................................25Study Guide .........................................................................................................26

The Exhaust System ................................................................................................27To-Do List ............................................................................................................27Study Guide .........................................................................................................28

The Drive Train..........................................................................................................30To-Do List ............................................................................................................30Study Guide .........................................................................................................31

Car Builder Activity ..................................................................................................33To-Do List ............................................................................................................33

Table of Contents Auto Exploration

Student Guide

viii Tech-Design by Lab-Volt

Appendices ...............................................................................................................35Independent Study

Project Proposal ...............................................................................................37Topic Outline ....................................................................................................38Bibliography .....................................................................................................39Activities ...........................................................................................................40Drawings ..........................................................................................................41

Student GuideTech-Design by Lab-Volt 1

Introduction

IntroductionThis Student Guide is organized by unit. In each unit you may find:

Unit Objectives• New Terms and Words• To-Do List• Study Guide• Data sheets (worksheets)• Video response sheets•

The Unit Objectives are a summary of what you can expect to learn in the unit.

New Terms and Words provide the definitions for words you may not be familiar with. If you come across any other words you do not understand, look them up in a dictionary, write the definitions, and add them to your Student Guide. Understanding vocabulary is the biggest key to understanding any information.

The To-Do List helps you keep track of all the work you do.

The Study Guide will help you to take notes as you read the unit. You can use this to study for the unit test. You can use all of the unit Study Guides to study for the course test.

Data sheets or worksheets provide space to record information or answer questions about activities. Some also give you a place to write down the details of your projects.

Video response sheets are worksheets that go with the videos you will watch. After you watch a video, answer the questions on the video response sheet.

You can save any other work you do for this course in this guide.

Use the Student Guide to study what you have learned. Your teacher may also ask to collect your work for a grade.

Student Guide

2 Tech-Design by Lab-Volt

Introduction


Auto Exploration Unit Details

Name: Date:

Welcome to the Automotive World

ObjectivesDuring this unit, you will:

explore the history of the automobile.•track its progress from a steam engine to a combustion engine.•

To-Do List Complete the following assignments. Use this to-do list to keep track of each task.

To-Do Due Date Notes

F Study Guide

F Video Response: Henry Ford

F Timeline Activity

F Unit Test

Unit Details Auto Exploration

Student Guide4 Tech-Design by Lab-Volt

Name: Date:

Study Guide

Welcome to the Automotive World

History of the AutomobileI.

The first automobile was A. -powered and was built by a Frenchman, Nicolas

Cugnot, in .

In 1889, Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach built a successful B.

engine; a -cylinder V engine which delivered 1.5 hp at r.p.m., similar to

the type used today. It was Daimler who built the first -wheeled vehicle. His

company later joined with Benz, forming what is known today as .

Other important automobile milestones in the nineteenth century include the first C.

-powered car, built by William Morrison in .

Henry Ford, the son of a Michigan farmer, introduced the concept of D.

production, which is a manufacturing process that uses an inventory of

interchangeable parts. Workers stand side by side in long lines called

lines, each performing a task.

Henry Ford founded the 1. and five years later, in

1908, he introduced the first car mass-produced on an line,

called .

This car became the standard by which all other cars were measured. In ten years, half 2.

the cars on the road were . It was powered by a

-cylinder, -horsepower engine; it had two forward gears and one reverse gear.



Name: Date:

Video Response: Henry Ford

View the video, Henry Ford, in the multimedia presentation and then complete this data sheet.

What is the name of the first gasoline-powered motor car built by Ford in 1895?

_____________________________________________________________________________

In June of _______________, Ford and 11 investors created The Ford Motor Company.1902a. 1903b. 1905c. 1908d.

In the Ford Motor Company’s early years a car was produced by a team of _________________ workers assembling parts made by outside contractors.

two or threea. tenb. twenty fivec. forty fived.

From 1908 through 1927 _____________vehicles with the Model “T” engine were sold.1 milliona. 5 millionb. 15 millionc. 20 milliond.

The construction of Ford’s largest plant in _______________, eliminated the need for most outside contractors.

Highland Park, Michigan.a. Detroit, Michiganb. Dearborn, Michiganc. Flint, Michigand.



Name: Date:

Introduction to Auto Insight


discuss what makes an automobile run.•examine the major mechanical and electrical systems that make up the automobile.•



F Study Guide

F Activity Guide: Identifying the Body and Exterior Parts of the Auto

F Unit Test

Additional Equipment RequiredAuto Insight software



Name: Date:

Study Guide

Introduction to Auto Insight

Using I. Auto Insight

Automobile manufacturers have large A. departments that bring together

opinions from those who make products with those who buy them.

These departments are closely linked with the 1. opinion and

departments that research trends and preferences of the buying

public. They have found that drivers prefer red sports cars, built for

and handling, rather than gray 4-door sedans, built for .

Cars may vary in styling, but they all have elements in common:B.

A car engine may have four, six, eight, or twelve cylinders, but all are internal 1.

engines.

A car may have a single or 2. exhaust, but their exhaust system is basically the

same.

Some cars may have more electrical options than others, but the power is provided by a 3.

and recharged by an .



Name: Date:

The Internal Combustion Engine


begin to understand the engine system. •read about the internal combustion engine. •continue using • Auto Insight to explore new areas of the automobile.



F Study Guide

F Activity Guide: Understanding the Internal Combustion Engine

F Unit Test




Name: Date:

Study Guide

The Internal Combustion Engine

The Internal Combustion EngineI.

Automobile engines are typically A. -cycle, internal combustion types that use

gasoline for fuel.

In 1769, B. was chosen because that was the technology of the day.

Most recently, C. engines have been criticized for their impact in the

environment

due to high fuel 1.

for high exhaust 2.

for causing 3. pollution

for damaging to the 4. layer.

In spite of these concerns, 5. engines have proven

their reliability over the past century and continue to improve through advances in

technology due to their

a.

b.

c.

relative d. , compared to any other power source available today.

Each year, automobile manufacturers introduce their new cars models at various auto D.

shows and exhibits

to reveal their latest 1. cars

to 2. the public’s reaction to new technologies

to show the latest innovations such as:3.

new a. designs

new b. features



c. fuel technology

New Power SourcesII.

Concerned for the future of the world’s energy and its impact in the auto industry, auto A.

manufacturers are working on developing cars that

use less 1. source of energy

are more 2. friendly

Current power alternatives, such as B. , have limitations on

and power.

However, cars running entirely off of electrical motors have some comparative 1.

advantages over common gas engine cars:

they produce little or no pollutiona.

they are almost completely silentb.

Auto manufacturers have produced C. vehicles which use a gasoline-powered

engine in conjunction with an electric motor to power the car.

These autos are much more efficient than 1. powered cars and never

need to be .

Another way of increasing the efficiency of electric cars is by powering them with D.

fuel cells.

These battery alternatives use 1. and oxygen to produce

. Environmental advantages of fuel cell vehicles are that instead

of giving off harmful gases, they only give off .

Solar-powered vehicles receive their energy from solar E. covering the

auto’s body which convert energy from the sun into energy to power

a motor.

However, these type of vehicles face the same drawbacks as all solar-powered energy 1.

systems:

difficult to operatea.



at b.

during c. weather

The main advantage of solar-powered vehicles is that they receive their energy from a 2.

completely energy source.

Some other autos being powered by alternative energy sources are getting energy from F.

and .

1. has significantly reduced levels of

gases making it safer for the environment.

2. powers vehicles combining stored in a

tank with air outside the vehicle to turn pistons in the engine.

Air-powered vehicles still have two main limitations:a.

autonomy, capable only to travel short distancesb.

speed, they are not yet capable of traveling much faster than 60 mph (96 kph)c.

However, these cars have some large advantage over other alternative energy d.

sources:

they are very inexpensive to rune.

they use a completely renewable energy sourcef.

they actually clean the air, giving off cleaner air than they take in.g.



Name: Date:

Understanding the Fuel System


understand how gasoline makes an engine run.•examine how fuel is converted into power for the automobile.•



F Study Guide

F Activity Guide: Working With the Fuel System

F Impacts Video Response: Auto Exploration

F Unit Test




Name: Date:

Study Guide

Understanding the Fuel System

Gasoline – The Preferred FuelI.

Internal combustion engines generate power by burning fuel, mainly gasoline, a by-product A.

of (oil). It became the preferred fuel because of its level of

and its ability to mix well with the air in the engine’s

.

At gas stations, gasoline pumps are identified by the B. rating of the gas,

such as 89, 90, or 93. The affects the performance of the engine.

Higher- fuels resist in the engine.

is a noise in the engine, caused by low fuels, especially in high

performance engines.

All cars that burn petroleum fuels produce C. . This highly

, , , gas is

present in the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines.

Impacts on the Energy Supply & EnvironmentII.

As gasoline is a non-A. resource, and the most used fuel in automobiles,

it is very likely that global fuel supplies will run out some day.

Alternative fuels are substantially non-B. and provide energy security and

benefits. The most common alternative fuels recognized by the

Department of Energy of the United States are:

methanol1.

2. gas

liquefied petroleum gas3.

hydrogen4.

bio-gas (fuels derived from biological materials)5.



The United States Government established the C.

(EPA) in 1970.

EPA D.

controls 1.

controls 2. quality

In the automotive industry EPA: E.

established limits for automotive 1.

has caused development in the areas of cleaner burning engines to 2.

a. emissions

b. gas mileage



Name: Date:

Impacts Video Response: Auto Exploration

View the Impacts video, Auto Exploration, in the multimedia presentation and then complete this data sheet.

Environmentally speaking, driving a private car can be considered a typical citizen’s most daily activity.

The power to move a car comes from burning fuel in an engine. In a perfect engine, oxygen in the air would convert all the hydrogen in the fuel to water and all the carbon in the fuel to .

How is the ground-level ozone formed?

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

Mention some of the issues that ozone causes in humans.

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________



Name: Date:

Electronics for the Automobile


examine how the electrical system operates.•understand the impact of the computer in today’s cars.•



F Study Guide

F Activity Guide: Electrical System Highlights

F Unit Test




Name: Date:

Study Guide

Electronics for the Automobile

Electronics for the Automobile I.

Computers are now capable of controlling just about everything in a car. They canA.

1. how the car is performing

let the driver know if any problems have been detected2.

control and minimize 3. and efficiency

Many cars also have computers to controlB.

the automatic 1.

2. brakes

3. systems.

On-board computersC.

monitor and direct the operating system1.

advise us when 2. is necessary

do 3. checks when the auto is serviced



Name: Date:

Steering and the Suspension System


appreciate how the steering and suspension systems in automobiles minimize a rough, •bumpy ride.gain an understanding of how the steering and suspension systems of a typical automobile •work.be introduced to a basic electric-powered car system.•



F Study Guide

F Activity Guide: Understanding the Auto Steering System

F Unit Test




Name: Date:

Study Guide

Steering and the Suspension System

Working with the Steering SystemI.

For the first fifty years of the twentieth century, the only power in the steering of an A.

automobile was in the of the driver. It was not until 1951 that

and introduced power steering.

In today’s cars, power steering differs among manufacturers. European 1.

cars tend to have a much firmer feel and require more effort to turn than the power

steering in larger .

Steering and suspension systems are still primarily mechanical, but with the introduction 2.

of (computers and sensors) in automobiles, the driving experience

has achieved a high level of comfort, performance, and safety.

A typical electric car looks like a B. -powered car. The body, the

wheels, and the frame appear to be standard. But the internal combustion engine has been

replaced by a and an motor.

The 1. consists of a series of batteries located over the

axle and down the center of the car. The batteries are connected to the

Control, which allows the driver to start the vehicle, put it into

drive or reverse, accelerate, and brake. of use is still a major concern of

battery-operated cars.



Name: Date:

Auto Safety


understand how the braking system of an automobile works.•examine the function of air bags.•demonstrate the • Race 07 software.



F Study Guide

F Activity Guide: Understanding the Braking System

F Activity Guide: How Do They Work?

F Activity Guide: Driving the Car

New Terms and WordsPassive restraint system—safety devices which require no activation by the occupant such as air bags or automatic seatbelts.

Additional Equipment RequiredAuto Insight software Race 07 software Steering WheelPedals

????



Name: Date:

Study Guide

Auto Safety

The Braking SystemI.

Brakes are one of the most important components on the automobile. From the time the car A.

is started until the time it stops, the brakes are applied countless times, from

backing out of the driveway1.

going around the corner2.

stuck in stop-and-go traffic3.

approaching stop signs and traffic lights4.

ready to park5.

New technologies are also applied to car braking systems. Engineers have designed B.

brakes with advanced features such as brakes and

wheel sensors.

Air BagsII.

Some accident preventive devices have been developed to improve safety in unexpected A.

circumstances and special weather conditions, like advanced braking systems and air

bags.

In 1998 B. systems, safety devices which require no activation by

the occupant such as air bags or automatic seatbelts, became a requirement for the driver

and passenger sides.

Additional safety devices have been designed to prevent serious injuries from side impact C.

collisions, such as which are deployed from either the seat

or the door frame.

The first air bags were installed into automobiles in the D. ’s after being originally

developed for airplanes during WWII.



The air bag is an inflatable cushion designed to protect automobile occupants from injury. 1.

They are also known as

(ACRS) or a (SRS) because it

supplements the protection offered by seat belts. Seat belts are still needed to hold the

occupant securely in place because of side impacts, rear impacts, and rollovers.

2. installed in the front of the automobile detect frontal collisions. When the

collision occurs, send an electronic signal that activates a mechanism

that fill the air bags with harmless gas in less than

of a second(s), inflating the air bags in front of the driver and

passenger.



Name: Date:

The Cooling System


examine how the engine and transmission systems are cooled.•understand how these components can run without overheating.•



F Study Guide

F Activity Guide: How the Cooling System Works

F Unit Test




Name: Date:

Study Guide

The Cooling System

The Cooling SystemI.

The purpose of cooling is to reduce A. heat.

Automobiles run at their best at B. temperatures

Engines that are started on winter mornings normally run roughly until they have warmed C.

up for a few minutes.

But the engine generates heat too. It’s mechanical, and when metal parts are moving, such D.

as pistons or , they get hot. Gasoline is ignited by the

to provide power for the car; this also creates heat.

The automobile cooling system takes the heat that is generated by the engine, E.

it through a closed system, and uses it to warm the vehicle’s occupants.

In order for the auto to perform at its optimum, the engine must be F.

to maintain a fairly temperature.



Name: Date:

Climate Control in the Automobile


explore the air conditioning and heating systems of the automobile.•understand how these systems work.•



F Study Guide

F Activity Guide: Understanding Air Conditioning

F Unit Test




Name: Date:

Study Guide

Climate Control in the Automobile

The Air Conditioning SystemI.

Air conditioning (A/C) makes driving much more comfortable in A. weather. The

principle of air conditioning is to clean and (remove excess

moisture), the outside air entering the car, or in other words, is the process of removing

from an object (like air).

A car gets heat from the heater core, sort of a secondary 1. , which is part of

the car’s cooling system. It gets air from the system.

One of the main components of an air conditioning system is the compressor. A 2.

compressor circulates a liquid refrigerant called Refrigerant-12 (largely known as

“ ,” a trade name). The compressor moves the Refrigerant-12 from an

evaporator, through a condenser and expansion valve, right back to the evaporator. The

evaporator is right in front of a fan that pulls the hot, humid air out of the car’s interior.

The refrigerant makes the hot air’s moisture into drops of water,

removing the from the air. Once the water is removed, the “ ” air is

sent back into the car’s interior.

In an automobile cooling system, the engine drives the compressor with a belt which is 3.

connected to the crankshaft drive pulley.

The systems have become so sophisticated that air conditioning/heating is often referred to B.

as , that is keeping the air at a pre-selected temperature.



Name: Date:

The Exhaust System


explore the auto’s exhaust system.•examine how and why it works.•find out what’s been done to improve the exhaust system.•



F Study Guide

F Activity Guide: The How and Why of the Exhaust System

F Unit Test




Name: Date:

Study Guide

The Exhaust System

The Exhaust SystemI.

The internal combustion engine is a polluter. It burns gasoline and releases harmful A.

such as

hydrocarbons (unburned)1.

carbon monoxide2.

carbon dioxide3.

nitrogen oxides4.

sulfur dioxide5.

phosphorus6.

lead and other metals7.

The purpose of the emission control system is to control the B. and

from vehicles, and to turn the harmful gases into

ones that don’t ruin the environment.

The addition of 1. to ignition systems allows the engine to monitor and

adjust itself continuously.

The Exhaust System starts at the front of the car with the C. .

The air pump sends compressed air into the exhaust manifold and to the 1.

. The oxygen helps burn unburned fuel (hydrocarbons)

and converts the toxic (poison) carbon monoxide into .

The catalytic converter is a stainless steel canister lined with chemicals such as 2.

aluminum oxide, platinum, and palladium. These chemicals cause carbon monoxide and

hydrocarbons to change into and ,

which are environmentally friendly.

The muffler is located between the catalytic converter and the 3. .



The exhaust gases travel from the catalytic converter to the muffler under 4.

pressure; without the muffler, the would be tremendous. The interior of the

muffler consists of metal plates or tubes with a series of holes. The muffler silences the

sound by converting the sound wave energy into by passing the exhaust

gas and its wave pattern through the muffler.

The last item in the exhaust system is the resonator. It is located between the 5.

and the tail pipe. The resonator eliminates any that has

made it past the muffler.



Name: Date:

The Drive Train


examine why a car moves when the gears are engaged.•explore how various mechanical systems interact with one another.•examine how front-wheel drive differs from rear-wheel drive. •explore how an automatic transmission works. •understand how power travels from the drive shaft to the differential and finally to the •wheels.continue racing using the • Race 07 software.



F Study Guide

F Activity Guide: Power and Torque

F Activity Guide: Driving in a Race

F Activity Guide: Front Wheel Drive, Automatic Transmission

F Activity Guide: Driving in the Championship

F Unit Test

New Terms and WordsRPM—revolutions per minute.

Additional Equipment RequiredAuto Insight software Race 07 software Steering WheelPedals

????



Name: Date:

Study Guide

The Drive Train

The Drive Train 1I.

To “put the car in gear” a driver will move the gear shift lever into drive on an A.

transmission, or depress the clutch and shift into first gear with a

transmission.

To B. a car, a driver turns the key. The battery provides the power for the

starter, which in turn moves the pistons, which draw gas that is ignited by the

. These pistons provide power to the . But to

give a car , a driver must employ the drive train.

The drive train transfers power from the engine to the drive wheels and varies the amount C.

of .

The Drive Train 2II.

In a manual transmission vehicle, a driver can directly control the transmission to keep the A.

engine’s ’s in the most power-producing range.

The drive train begins with the B. and ends where the

touch the ground.

Transmission C. “connect” the engine to the wheels. They provide a way to

change speed, slow down, or speed up, to increase power, and to drive in reverse.

The D. allows the driver to connect and disconnect the power from the wheels.

In a manual transmission, when the clutch pedal is pressed down, the clutch is 1.

.

2. the clutch pedal reverses this action, or engages the clutch.

Automobiles provide a lot of variety.E.



In 1. -wheel drive vehicles, power is transferred to a drive shaft from the

transmission to the differential at the axle of the vehicle, making the

back wheels move.

In 2. -wheel drive, power is transferred from the transmission directly, to the

differential, to two drive shafts, to the wheels. Front-wheel drive

vehicles are popular because of their overall driving capability.

In a 3. -wheel drive design all four wheels are powered. It’s done by having two

connected to the transmission, one in the front and one in the

back. Four-wheel drive has become very popular with the sport enthusiasts or people

who live in states with heavy snowfalls.



Name: Date:

Car Builder Activity


use the • Car Builder software to design, construct, and modify your own car. conduct a performance test that will rate your design.•explore the career opportunities in the automotive industry.•take a final exam using • Auto Insight software.



F Activity Guide: Mechanical Design

F Activity Guide: Body Design

F Activity Guide: Final Exam

F Careers Activity

F Unit Test

Additional Equipment RequiredAuto Insight software Car Builder software

Auto ExplorationAppendices

Student GuideTech-Design by Lab-Volt 37Student GuideTech-Design by Lab-Volt 37

Auto Exploration Independent Study

Project Proposal

Name:

Course:

Section:

Topic

State as specifically as possible the idea, question, and/or activity you have chosen.

Description

State why you have chosen this topic, what you expect to learn, any previous experience you had with this topic, and the type of investigation you will conduct.

Materials

State what materials, people, or activities will be involved in the completion of your project.

Due Date:

Instructor’s Approval:

Student’s Signature: Submit this proposal with your completed project.

Student Guide


Independent Study Auto Exploration

Student Guide


Topic Outline

Name:

Course:

Section:

In the area provided, write the outline you will use for your independent study project.

Introduction

Discussion

Conclusion

Due Date:






Bibliography

Name:

Course:

Section:

In the area provided, supply the name, author, publisher, and publication date of the references you plan to use for your independent study project.

Texts1.

2.

Journals1.

2.

3.

Others (Examples: work experience, interviews)1.

2.

Due Date:



Student Guide



Student Guide


Activities

Name:

Course:

Section:

In the area provided, give descriptions of the activities or exercises you plan to incorporate into your independent study project. Include the materials and the time required for each of the activities or exercises.

Activities

Exercises

Due Date:






Drawings

Name:

Course:

Section:

Due Date:



In the area provided, supply rough sketches of any drawings you intend to use in your independent study project. If you need additional worksheets, you may make additional copies.

Student Guide



Student Guide


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