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EQUINE MEDICINE

Technical Procedures

NASOGASTRIC INTUBATIONIndicationsFluid/MedicationsChoke reliefDx/Tx colicEquipmentNG tubeBucket/WaterPumpProcedurePass tube through nostril with head and neck held at an angleAllow horse to swallow tube into epiglottis Verify placement in stomachComplicationsEpistaxisAspiration pneumonia

ABDOMINOCENTESIS

IndicationsColicWeight lossDiarrhea Equipment18-20g 1 needle/teat cannula#15 scalpel blade/lidocaine local blockProcedure=/- U/S, aseptic prep of site, lidocaine blockSite-5 cm caudal to xiphoid, R of midlineNeedle pushed through gauze to obtain clean sampleComplicationsEnterocentesisSplenic aspirationCellulitisAbscess

BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE (BAL)IndicationsDx of diffuse, noninfectious pulmonary diseaseRecurrent airway obstructionInflammatory airway diseaseExercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhageEquipmentBAL catheter or gastroscopeProcedureStanding sedation for catheter/scope passageSample is spun, cells collected & mounted on slideComplications Excessive coughingNon-diagnostic samplingBronchial hemorrhageSample from wrong site-catheter kink

TRANSTRACHEAL WASH

IndicationsInfectious pneumoniaMixed sample-lower respiratory tractEquipmentAseptic technique suppliesTranstracheal wash stylet Light wrap materialsProcedureStanding sedation, prep cranial & middle 1/3 of neckTTW stylet inserted between tracheal rings & advanced distally20-50 ml Sterile Saline injected, then aspirated as stylet is removedComplicationsSQ emphysema &/or cellulitisWrong sample areaMinor bleeding/localized infectionCatheter breakage

URINARY CATHETERIZATIONIndicationsCollect sterile samplesCheck bladder integrityPost operative careEquipmentAseptic suppliesRoll cotton/mild soapSterile lubeFoley/Urinary catheterFemales-tail wrap

MALESSheath CleaningRemoves smegmaRemoves beans from urethral fossaCatheterization Approx dist=60 cmMay use syringe to aspirate fluid

FEMALESTail WrapNeopreneShipping/ShowingNo long term useRoll GauzeMedical procedures/foalingTail WrapDiarrhea/foaling/tail paralysisComplications for allStrangulating tissue death and loss of part or all of tail

FEMALESCatheterizationTail wrapped/tied/heldPerineum is cleanedApprox dist=5-10cmMay aspirate fluidCommon Complications-both sexesIrritation of tissuesSecondary bladder infection

ARTHROCENTESISIndicationsJoint fluid samplingDiagnostic/Therapeutic anesthesiaLocalized medication administrationEquipmentAseptic supplies +/- clippersSterile needles/syringesSterile anesthetics/medicationsLight wrap materialsProcedureDepends slightly on siteComplications Joint inflammation/pain (flare)Joint infectionLaminitis

REGIONAL ANALGESIA/ANESTHESIAIndicationsLameness examsRegional anesthesia for proceduresEquipmentAseptic technique suppliesSterile syringes/needlesAnesthetic solutionProcedureClean technique near groundAseptic technique higher limb/jointsLight wrap over injection site possibleComplications Joint inflammation/painSkin inflammation/painLocal infection