techniques using all language skills

7/23/2019 Techniques Using All Language Skills

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Institut Pendidikan Guru Kampus Batu Lintang

Teaching Writing Skillsin the Primary ESL Classroom

(TSL !"#

In $sing %llLanguage Skills

Prepared &y'Chai Kim Choo

Christina Mamora Jenny Kong Kai Ning

Shirly Nirau



Introduction

• The techniques to practice languageskills are:

- Brainstorming

- uided discussion- Inter!ie"s

- Skits

- #ictation- Note$taking

- Story$telling



• These techniques can %e used at pre$"riting stage& They gi!e students theopportunity to use all their linguisticskills to help them e'plore and get

started "ith their ideas on a gi!entopic or to allo" the topic (or a pieceo( "riting to emerge out o(

communicati!e classroom acti!ities&



Brainstorming

• )ets students "ork together in theclassroom in small groups to say asmuch as they can a%out a topic&

• The teacher does not ha!e tomonitor grammar or pronunciatione'cept "hen the speaker cannot%e understood&



• The "riting tasks can %e %ased on

a*+eading%*,ictures

c*Map

d*Te't%ook topice*,ersonal e'perience

(*-ssay question



• Students can:

a*,roducing rele!ant !oca%ulary

%*Making commentsc*.sking questions

d*Making associations

•) .(ter %rainstorming/ students can "ritedo"n as many ideas as they can "ithout"orrying a%out:

a*rammar%*Spelling

c*0rgani1ation

d*2uality o( the ideas&



Guided iscussion

.nother "ay to get the students to

talk a%out a topic and especially toget them to (ocus on speci3caspects o( a topic is to pro!ideguidelines (or group or "hole classdiscussion&



I( a teacher pro!ides guidelines (or

discussion/ that control he imposes hasthe ad!antage o( letting him help thestudents %e(orehand "ith the

!oca%ulary and sentence (orms thatthey might need in their discussion&



The teacher can gi!e speci3c directions

that "ill guide the group in preparation(or "riting/ (or e'ample:a*#iscuss and "rite do"n the con!ersation%et"een the old man and the little girl 4,age56*& Include:

•)reetings•). request to play checkers

•).cceptance "ith pleasure•).n in!itation to %egin the game

A review of the forms of greetings, requests,

invitations and questions would be useful here beforediscussion be ins or durin whole-class discussion.



%* .sk students to look at the picture

and ask as many questions as they cana%out it/ using the "ords "ho/ "hat/"hen/ "here/ "hy and ho"& Then they

discuss possi%le ans"ers to thequestions they in!ent and "rite a storya%out the picture&

Mem%ers o( the group can %e assigned rolesduring and a(ter discussion:• #iscussion leader: initiates and guidesdiscussion

• +ecorder: takes notes•



Students also can "ork on a

controlled composition/ sentencecom%ining/ punctuating aparagraph/ 3nding links %et"eensentences/ or sorting "ords intogroups&



When students doing a sentence 7com%ining e'ercise/ they "ill arguea%out "hether a sentence sounds%etter "ith "ords such as although or"hate!er / that pro%a%ly teachesthem more a%out sentence structure

and sentence !ariety than anynum%er o( mechanical e'ercises ore'planations (rom the teacher&



Skits

• The students act not as themsel!es%ut in an assigned roles

• Can %e either as a "hole class or asmall group acti!ity

• Writing can then (ollo" as an outsidereport or summary o( "hat "as saidand done



Dictation

• Refers to a person reading some text aloud so that the

listener(s) can write down what is being said.

• When used in the language classroom, the aim has

traditionally been for students to write down what is

said by the teacher, word for word, later checking their

own text against the original and correcting the errors

made.



How to usedictation in a

classroom



upils dictate the text

• ask a pupil to dictate the text to the rest of the

class.

• get students to work in small groups with

each person in the group dictating a section

of the text to the rest of the group.



!Running dictation" techni#ue

• $ake a short text and make two or three copies of the text and stick them to the

notice-board or on the classroom wall.

• %i&ide the students into groups and ask each group to nominate a messenger.

• $he messenger has go up to the text, read it and memori'e a chunk of the text.

e or she then returns to his or her group and dictates the chunk. $he others

write it down.

• $he messenger then repeats this process until the whole text has been written

down.



$he umbled story techni#ue

• each person in the group gets a sentence

from the text in random order.

• they ha&e to dictate their sentence to the rest

of the group and the group then has to decide

on the correct order for the sentences.



romote the skill of inferring

from context

• dictating a text without punctuation and then

asking the students to work in groups to

punctuate the text appropriately.



!%ictogloss*

• re#uires the students to only take notes of the key words used as they listen

and then later reconstruct the text so that it has the same meaning as the

original text although perhaps not exactly the same form.

• the main aim is that the students understand and then re-con&ey the

meaning of the passage, concentrating on the communicati&e aspect of theacti&ity rather than producing a grammatically perfect text.



)ote* taking

• Write do"n a summary o( "hat thespeaker says

• ,icking out the important in(ormation

• The radio or the tape recorder is!alua%le here (or pro!iding additionalmaterials (or the students



• Weak8 .!eraged students:. skeleton outline can %e gi!en to the

students t "ork "ith and e'pand/ so

that their listening is more directed&

• .d!anced students:

They can listen to long passages andmake notes as they listen&



Both groups need to %e alerted to the signals thatspeakers use:9&,auses&+aising the head;&<oice

0r using "ords like:=&>irst?&>inally

@&Most important

To make an importantpoint

To signal separation and priority o( thepoint made&



Storytelling

• Storytelling is the interacti+e art o(using ,ords and actions to re!ealthe elements and images o( a

story "hile encouraging the listenerAsimagination&

Characteristics



Characteristics• Storytelling is interacti!e&

• Storytelling uses "ords&

• Storytelling uses actions such as physicalmo!ement and8or gesture&

• Storytelling presents a story&

• Storytelling encourages the acti!e

imagination o( the listeners&

o" it "orks in "ritingD



o" it "orks in "ritingD• +ead aloud a story$ and this can also %e

used as a dictation$ %ut stop at the point"here the reader is likely to "ant tokno" ho" it continues&

• The students continue the story$ "riting&

• The students read each othersAcontinuation and some read theirs aloud

to the class

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