technology development towards sustainable mobilitytoyota motor europe 3 fuel route bus delivery...

TOYOTA MOTOR EUROPE 1

1st October, 2013World of Energy Solutions

Akihito TankeToyota Motor Europe

Technology Developmenttowards Sustainable Mobility

Technology Developmenttowards Sustainable Mobility


OilGasoline

Diesel Conventionalvehicle

&HV

Internalcombustion

engine

Gas fuelsSynthetic liquid fuels

Bio-fuel

Electricity

Hydrogen

Coal

Plant

Uranium EV

FCHV

PHEV

Save oil

Core technology

Next-generation

technology

Alternatives to oilPrimary Energy Automotive fuel Powertrain

Hydro, solar,geothermal power

Natural gas

Diversification of Automotive Fuels and PowertrainDiversification of Automotive Fuels and Powertrain


Fuel

Route bus

Delivery truck

HD Truck

HydrogenOil, Bio-fuel, CNG,Synthetic fuel, etc.Electricity

Delivery car

Personal mobility

Short commuterHV

PHEV

FCEV

FCEV（BUS)

EV

EVs

HVs & PHEVsFCEVs

Passenger Car

Vehiclesize

Driving distance

EV: Short-distance, HV/PHEV: Wide-use, FCV: Mid-to-long distance

Toyota’s Image of Future Mobility PortfolioToyota’s Image of Future Mobility Portfolio


EV

PHEV

FCEV

Motor

Battery

Fueltank

Engine

Hydrogentank

FCstack

Fueltank

Engine

Motor

Battery

MotorBattery

MotorBattery

Engine Fueltank

HV

Hybrid technology is applicable to any energy sources

Toyota Hybrid System ApplicationsToyota Hybrid System Applications


00.20.40.60.81.0

0

1

2

3

4

1997 1999 2001 2009 20112003 2005 2007

3million

2million

1million

4million

117 months 27 m. 18 m. 14 m.

5

1.2

6

2013

5million

11 m.

AnnualGlo

bal c

umul

ativ

e sa

les

(mill

ion)

Glo

bal a

nnua

l sal

es(m

illio

n)

Cumulative

Toyota Hybrid Vehicles SalesToyota Hybrid Vehicles Sales

Cumulative sales recorded 5 million in March 2013


Alternatives to oil(zero emissions)Alternatives to oil(zero emissions)

Saving oil(low emissions)

Saving oil(low emissions)

HVHV PHEVPHEV

Continue to actively promote Usage of electricity and hydrogen

Timeline

EVEV

Next Generation vehiclesNext Generation vehicles

FCEVFCEV


Wei

ght E

nerg

y D

ensi

ty（Wh/kg）（Wh/kg）

Battery

10001000

1000010000

50005000 1000010000Volumetric Energy Density

1010 40004000300030002000200010001000 60006000 70007000 80008000 9000900000（Wh/L）（Wh/L）

1100011000

Diesel

Biodiesel

Gasoline

Gaseous Fuel

Natural Gas（20MPa）

H2（70MPa）

Metal Hydride（2wt%）

Ethanol

100100Nickel HydrideNickel Hydride

LeadLead

Lithium IonLithium Ion

Liquid Fuel

Energy density of hydrogen is about 7 times higher than battery

Comparison of Energy DensityComparison of Energy Density


EV

FC EV

Sys

tem

cos

t

Cruising range

EV isadvantageous

FCEV isadvantageous

FCEV is advantageous in mid-to-long drive range applications

Comparison Between EV and FCEVComparison Between EV and FCEV


Tokyo Motor Show Concept

Toyota FCV-RToyota FCV-R


Energy diversification

Hydrogen can be producedfrom various primary energysources

Smooth and quiet operation

Zero CO2 emissions duringdriving

Practical cruising range(over 500 km)

Smooth start and goodacceleration at low andmedium speeds

Refueling time (three minutes)Fuel cell start-up belowfreezing (-30ºC)

Power supply capabilities are 4-5 times that of an EV, and cansupply power to an average household for more than a week

Zero emissions

Driving pleasurePerformance

Large power supply capability for emergencies

Advantages of FCEVAdvantages of FCEV


Total 18 vehicles are leased in Japan & US.

World’s 1st availablevehicle in the market

Received Model certificateImproved performance

2002 model

Total 14 vehicles are leased in Japan.Total 104 vehicles are now under introduction inUS until 2011 for ZEV requirements.5 vehicles are now in Germany for CEP program.

2008 model

2005 modelToyota FCHV

Toyota FCHV-adv

World’s top cruising range & cold start

Total 20 vehicles are leased in Japan & US.

History of Toyota FCHVHistory of Toyota FCHV


③Improving durability of FC stack

①Cost reduction②Reduction in size and weight

①Practical cruising range

③Fuel cell start-up below freezing

②Refueling time

Issues need to be resolved

Issues expected to be resolved

・70MPa high pressure hydrogen tank・cruising range app.700km

（Japan JC08 Mode）

FCV-RFCV-R

2015

High pressurehydrogen tank

Motor

FC stack

④Hydrogen supply infrastructure

Challenge for FCEV DevelopmentChallenge for FCEV Development


JapanTokyoOsaka

560km　(350mile)

JapanTokyoOsaka

560km　(350mile)

The cruising range has been significantlyimproved by increasing hydrogen tankpressure (35 MPa => 70 MPa) and systemefficiency. (about 300 km => 500 km withpractical driving cycle)

Cruising rangeLA#4 790 km10-15 830 km

Toyota in-house test

Toyota FCHV-adv Long-distance TravelToyota FCHV-adv Long-distance Travel

With single refueling, FCHV-adv successfully traveled between Osakaand Tokyo (560km) under real-use condition (A/C on, etc.)


°°CC

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

外気温[℃]

2/102/10 2/122/12 2/142/14 2/162/16 2/182/18

--3737degdegCC

Am

bien

t Air

Tem

p.A

mbi

ent A

ir Te

mp. 1010

((degdegCC))

00

--1010

--2020

--3030

--4040

5050

3232

2020

00

--2020

--4040

((degdegFF))

2/82/8

DateDate

Ambient Air Temperature at Timmins

Timmins, Canada

Yellowknife, Canada

Cold Weather Performance Tests in CanadaCold Weather Performance Tests in Canada

Cold weather performance tests verified that cold start and drivingperformance of FCHV-adv was equivalent that of conventional vehicles


Length：4,745ｍWidth：1,790ｍｍHeight：1,510ｍｍWheel Base：2,700mmPassenger：4PersonsCruising range: Approx. 700 km(in JC08 test cycle)

FCV-RConcept Vehicle at Tokyo Motor Show in 2011Concept Vehicle at Tokyo Motor Show in 2011


FCEV System Cost ReductionFCEV System Cost Reduction

Limited release phase Initial phase ofmarket penetration

Massproduction

1/20 or less

FC s

yste

m c

ost

Overcomingtechnical challenges

FCHV-adv

Economiesof scale

Design, materialand productiontechnologies

Reducing costs

Further costreduction

Growth phase ofmarket penetration

Low-volumeproduction

We are focusing on achieving 1/20 cost reduction of FC systemcompared with the current FCHV-adv towards commercialization


Cost Reduction : Elimination of componentsCost Reduction : Elimination of componentsHumidifying Inlet AirHumidifying Inlet Air

Moisture exchangeHumidifier

Using humidifier systemTOYOTA FCHV-adv (’07MY)

Air channelMEA

H2 channel

Eliminate

In

Out

In

Out

Out

In

Air channelMEA

H2 channel

Out

In

Not using humidifier system(future)

We are trying to eliminate the external humidifierby re-circulating generated water in the FC stack itself


Generated water

Dry air MEA

4. Increase hydrogenrecirculation

3. Thinner electrolytemembrane

1. air & hydrogenCounter flow

2. Decrease carry outof generated water

H2channel

Airchannel

Cost Reduction : Re-circulation of generated waterCost Reduction : Re-circulation of generated water


(1) Reduce CFRP- Optimize layer structure (hoop winding / helical winding)- Optimize L/D- Optimize boss size

(2) Reduce cost of CFRP- Aviation grade => General-purpose gradeDevelop low-cost CFRP for high-pressure tank

Cross-section of tank bodyTank dimension

Liner(for H2 sealing)

CFRP(for holding H2 gas pressure)

L

ØD

Cost Reduction : Reduction of CFRP usage & material costCost Reduction : Reduction of CFRP usage & material costHigh-pressure Hydrogen TankHigh-pressure Hydrogen Tank


Reduction in size and weightReduction in size and weight

New FC stack

High-pressure hydrogen tank

Power density has been more than doubled

Achieved the world’s highest level of 3.0 kW/L

Reduced FC system size World’s highestWorld’s highest

Decrease in number of tanks pervehicle from four to twoRe-examination of materials used andmanufacturing process

Reduced costs

Allowing under-seat layout to be realized


0

MEA1 MEA2

MEA3

MEA1MEA2

MEA3

MEA4

MEA4

Max

imum

Out

put

Cro

ssov

erAm

ount

Reductionof physicaldeterioration

Thresholdlimit value

Thresholdlimit value

Durability (year equivalent)

Initial phase ofdevelopment

Initial phase ofdevelopment

Durability is steadily improvingIt is important to balance performance, durability and cost

Improving durability of FC stackImproving durability of FC stack


Pilot program 12.2012-03.2014 Under consideration (@ dealers)

Toyota Motor CorporationFCEV

Hino Motors, Ltd.FC bus

Toyota IndustriesCorporation : FC forklift

Aisin Seiki Co., Ltd.Co-gen. SOFC system

Toyota Tsusho Corporationsmall H2 filling station

A Broad Range of Initiatives in the Toyota GroupA Broad Range of Initiatives in the Toyota Group


In operation Planned Not in operation

50 sites by 2015[public-private basicagreement in June 2012]

3 sites in 2012 (Toyota City andothers)[Press release in June 2012 ]Approx. 100 sites by 2015[as stated in Japan ReconstructionStrategy in July 2012]

Hawaii

California New YorkFrance

U.K.Germany

Scandinavia

JapanKorea

China

Project started,aiming for 100 sitesby 2020

37 sites by 2014(plans for 68 sites in 2015)[July 2012 CaFCP Roadmap]

Several hundreds of hydrogen stations are expectedto be installed worldwide by 2015

Worldwide Location of Hydrogen StationsWorldwide Location of Hydrogen Stations

Areas where infrastructuredevelopment can beexpected from early 2015

Areas where infrastructuredevelopment can beexpected after 2015


Hydrogen Station Establishment in JapanHydrogen Station Establishment in Japan

Example of container-type low cost station (Linde, Germany)

1. Hydrogen station deployment

- Material standards- Pressure standards- Accumulator structure

- Adjacent stations- Periodic inspection

- Self-service stations,

2. Station technology development 3. Regulation review

“Action plan for regulation review” wasannounced in Dec 2010.

“Earlycommercialization”In 4 majormetropolitan areas100 stations

“Commercializationexpanding”47 prefecturalcapitals covered800 stations

“Masscommercialization”Nation-wide hydrogennet established5,000 stations

2015 2025 from 2030 onward

Commercializationstart in 2015

Based on the proposal of Council of Competitiveness-Nippon (COCN)

method

etc.

Need to solve these 3 issues for hydrogen station establishment


Hydrogen Stations in the US (CA and NY)Hydrogen Stations in the US (CA and NY)

Wide H2 coverage inSouthern CA

• 10 stations today• 20 to 23 stations will be operating in CA by 2013.• Expecting 40+ stations by 2015.• NY State Hydrogen Highway under

development but targeting 100 station by 2020*

70 MPa

35 MPa

Source: NYSERDA, State of New York

CA Expectation by 2013

NY 2020 Image


Hydrogen Station Discussion in EuropeHydrogen Station Discussion in Europe

Nordic

UK

H2 Mobility

UK H2 Mobility

Germany

MoU with UKauthorities andIndustry, Jan 2012

MoU with GermanGovernment andIndustry , Sep 2009

MoU with NordicH2 companies,NGO and Industry,Oct 2012

Government – Industries Discussion (MOU) are in progressSources: Netinform website

SHHP


Introduction of FCEV and Infrastructure Scenario(Image in Japan)

Introduction of FCEV and Infrastructure Scenario(Image in Japan)

Expansion ofestablishment

FY2011

FY2012

FY2013 2014 2015

FY2016 ~ 2020

FY2021 ~ 2025

FY2026 ~

Hydrogenstation

FCEV

Infrastructureregulation

review

FCCJproposal

Decisionfor FY 2013~2015

1st 2nd

1st generation2nd generation

3rd generation

Precedingestablishment

Approx. 100 stationsmainly in 4 major

metropolitan areas

Commercial stationdemonstration(pre-preceding)

Precedingstation open

Technologydemonstration

Early Establishment1

Step by step100 stations + α

Early Establishment2

Step by step~ 800 stations

Decisionfor FY 2018~

Decisionfor FY 2021~

Decision on introduction of1st generation andinvestment


Power Supply System : HV/PHEV CasePower Supply System : HV/PHEV Case

HV Prius PHEV

An outlet which can easily powerdomestic electrical appliances

Provides a safe and secure supply ofelectric power using a vehicle powerconnector

Vehicle power connector (AC 100 V, 1500 W)

Center console

Outlet inside the cabin (AC 100 V, 1500 W)

Rear storage area

- Estima HV (since Jan. 2001)- CT 200h (since Aug. 2012)- Alphard HV, Vellfire HV

(since Sept. 2012)More models will be added

Outlet also inside the cabin

Expand the auxiliary emergency power system to more models


*Fully fueled FC bus;Power consumption for lighting :100kWh X 12 hours of lighting a day

Can supply power to an averagehousehold for longer than a week

Can supply power for evacuation center(school gymnasium) lighting for about 5 days

FCstack

Inverter Inverter

FCEV sedan FCEV bus

Develop FCEV system for large power supply in emergencies

Power Supply System : FCEV CasePower Supply System : FCEV Case


Hygrid ConceptHygrid Concept

PHEVEV

Job creation andindustrialdevelopment

Electricity

Hydrogen

Heat

ElectrolysisHeatutilization

Renewableenergy

Surpluselectricity

Electricity grid

FC busFCEV FC forklift

Hydrogen grid

Fossil fuelGas supply

Emergencypower feeding

Independent disasterprevention centerfor emergency

Mass introduction ofrenewable energy andstored energy

Local production forlocal consumption ofenergy

Energy Storage

Source: HyGrid Study Group

Biomass, etc.

Residential cogenerationsystem (ENE FARM)

Thermal powergeneration


Thank you for your attentionThank you for your attention

technology development towards sustainable mobilitytoyota motor europe 3 fuel route bus delivery...

Documents