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Technology Action Plan

Climate Change Technology Needs Assessments for Thailand: f

Technology for Energy Management

วงกต วงศอภยวงกต วงศอภยสถาบนวจยวทยาศาสตรและเทคโนโลย

มหาวทยาลยเชยงใหม

[email protected]

TNA ConclusionsTNA Conclusions

Results from the second round of prioritization

(a) Energy supply • Smart grid(b) Renewable energy technology• Waste (power generation) ขยะ(p g )(c) Energy efficiency improvement• Fuel Combustion in industry sector (Large

and small scale)and small scale)(d) Other• Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS)

Smart grid

CCS

Climate Change Technology Needs Assessments for Thailand: MitigationClimate Change Technology Needs Assessments for Thailand: Mitigation 2

สวน สวน Technology Action Plan (TAP)Technology Action Plan (TAP)

• ศกษา เกบขอมล และ วเคราะหปญหาและ

อปสรรค ใน TNA ทคดเลอก ไ• จดทาแนวทางแกไข

ปญหาดงกลาว• พฒนา Technologyพฒนา Technology

Action Plans (TAP)

Full TNA & TAP Report (end of August 2011)( g )

Climate Change Technology Needs Assessments for Thailand: MitigationClimate Change Technology Needs Assessments for Thailand: Mitigation

Source: UNEP RisØe center

สวน สวน Technology Action Plan (TAP)Technology Action Plan (TAP)

Polic

Barriers Solutions• Policy• Economic and

Finance

• Deploy• Financial

Incentives AFinance• Regulatory • Institutional

Incentives• Legislation • New institution

TAP

Framework• Capacity building

Others

New institution• R&D Support• Etc..

• Others

Climate Change Technology Needs Assessments for Thailand: MitigationClimate Change Technology Needs Assessments for Thailand: Mitigation 4

หลายเทคโนโลย ในหนงพนท• Smart grid โครงขายผลต1 ไฟฟาแบบอจฉรยะ

การพฒนาระบบผลตและสงจายไฟฟา โดย

1Smart gridSmart grid

การพฒนาระบบผลตและสงจายไฟฟา โดยความกาวหนาดานอเลกทรอนกส สารสนเทศ และการสอสาร มการควบคมแบบอตโนมต กบอปกรณไฟฟาทเชอมตอในระบบ ต งแตกบอปกรณไฟฟาทเชอมตอในร บบ ตงแตการผลต การสง การจาหนาย การใชไฟฟา เพมประสทธภาพของระบบ รองรบไฟฟาจากพลงงานหมนเวยนใหไดมากทสด เพม ความเชอถอของระบบไฟฟา

Smart ท งดาน Supply และ Demand• เนนใชเทคโนโลยพลงงานหมนเวยนเปนหลก ในภาค supply และอปกรณพลงงาประสทธภาพสงในภาค demand

• พจารณาในพนทท มศกยภาพตาม supply จาก renewable และดขอจากด

เชงเทคโนโลยและ management ในปจจบน เพอทา TAP

Smart grid structureSmart grid structure

6

(1) Smart Grid

Smart Grid Barrier Barrier Details

Policy & Regulation Market uncertainty and no or unclear policy on marketPolicy & Regulation Market uncertainty and no or unclear policy on market structure and rules.

Revenue uncertainty due to no regulatory structures.

Financing Difficulties in defining priorities of technology investments.

Business case fragmentation.

Consumer Engagement Low public awareness and engagement.

Technology Lack of R&D coordination.

Lack of large‐scale deployment projects


(1) Smart Grid

Smart Grid Barrier Barrier Details

Standards Inter‐ operability and scalability assuranceStandards Inter‐ operability and scalability assurance.

Fragmentation and lengthy process for technology standards.

Skills and Knowledge Insufficient skilled resources.

Limited understanding of smart grids in public planning

Cyber Security&Data Privacy

Threats to cyber security in networks and consumer information&Data Privacy information.

Concerns about private data misusage.


(1) Smart Grid

Smart Grid Possible solutions Technology

Cyber Security and Data Privacy

Supporting Innovation

Standards

Capacity Building

Possible Accelerating

Capacity Building

Policy, Regulations and Finance Possible solutions

Accelerating Deployment Standards


Facilitating Information

Finance

TechnologySharing

Technology

Capacity Building



Smart Grid Action planMeasures Technology Action Plan

Short Term

(2012 2014)

Moderate

(2015 2016)

Long Term

(2017 2021)(2012‐2014) (2015‐2016) (2017‐2021)1.SupportingInnovation

Technology

• Identify and support opportunities for effective partnerships between government agencies research institutions andbetween government agencies, research institutions, and industry stakeholders to accelerate progress on key technology R&D goals.

• Coordinate diverse R&D initiatives to maximize effectiveness and to disseminate learning using public research centers and theirto disseminate learning, using public research centers and their international alliances as appropriate. Smart control&meter

• Support R&D and manufacturing innovations for next‐generation materials and components, including power electronics, for use in smart grids technologies Institution

• Initiate and facilitate global coordination on development and deployment of breakthrough smart grids‐related technologies and large‐scale demonstration projects MoEN, EGAT, MEA,PEAg p j

• Enhance data analysis and computational capabilities to transform real‐data generated by smart grids technologies into comparable and actionable information. Institution

• Assess the application of smart grids techs to reduce risks and• Assess the application of smart grids techs to reduce risks and capture benefits from integrating and renewable/distributed energy techs on the electric grid, including two‐way transfer of power with plug‐in electric vehicles. MoEN, EGAT, PEA, MEA

• Develop regulation and methodologies for technology validation


• Develop regulation and methodologies for technology validation and testing, and rapid commercialization. MoEN

Smart Grid Action planShort Term Moderate Long Term

Measures Technology Action Plan(2012‐2014) (2015‐2016) (2017‐2021)

1.SupportingInnovation

Cyber Security and Data Privacy• Study and/or develop and refine methodologies and

/simulation/analysis tools able to manage an integrated view of the complexity of smart grids systems, especially regarding cyber security.

Measures Technology Action PlanShort Term

(2012‐2014)

Moderate

(2015‐2016)

Long Term

(2017‐2021)2.AcceleratingD l t

Capacity BuildingDeployment

• Develop long term planning on Thai smart‐grid MoEN• Development of skills relevant to the roll out of smart grids

technologies through support of new education programs at universities and institutions Institutionuniversities and institutions Institution

• Development of smart grids apprenticeship programs, and skill exchanges between ongoing smart grids programs (e.g.technology, risk management) Institution and Energy


agencies



2.AcceleratingD l

Policy, Regulations and Finance

• Define and support revenue models and incentiveDeployment

• Define and support revenue models and incentive schemes that can encourage stakeholders to invest in smart grids technologies. MoEN, EGAT, MEA, PEA

• Investigate opportunities to include smart grids under existing international agreements and financial mechanisms (e.g., CDM‐PoA) EGAT, PEA

• Development of national plans to deploy smart grids technologies, backed up by clear roadmaps and timelines that define the key stages for how smart grids y g gtechnologies, associated market changes, and enabling legislation are to be implemented to meet goals. . MoEN

• Increasing the use of public funds generated in global carbon markets to support or co‐investment by developed countries in implementing large‐scale smart


p p g ggrids demonstration projects in developing countries. MoEN



2.AcceleratingDeployment

Standards

• Establish national smart grids certification centers• Establish national smart grids certification centers. MoEN

• Establish a platform to enable cross‐country and cross‐regional smart grids standards development and coordination, using national smart grids certification centers, existing standards associations (e.g., IEEE, IEC, ISO) and ASEAN alliances. MoEN, EGAT, MEA, PEA

• Consider incentivizing or mandating the use of internationally recognized standards for smart grids technologies. MoEN, EGAT, MEA, PEA




2.AcceleratingDeployment

Cyber Technology, Security and Data Privacy

• Develop relevant metrics for aspects of communication• Develop relevant metrics for aspects of communication and information technologies, including security, that can be used to quantitatively measure the performance and security of smart grids information and communications technology (ICT) systems.; MoEN, ICT

• Establish demonstration projects to bolster industry and regulatory acceptance of secure integratedregulatory acceptance of secure, integrated communication solutions l for smart grids. PEA

• Implement use of methodologies and simulation/analysis tools that provide an integrated view y p gof complex smart grids systems to study the effect of architectural choices (communications, protocols, standard and security) EGAT, MEA, PEA

• Adopt and implement security and privacy principles• Adopt and implement security and privacy principles. • Facilitate or mandate training and audits of all utility and

third‐party employees who have access to consumer data or controls. EGAT, MEA, PEA


• Investigate establishing policies for what data may be collected from smart grids technologies

Smart Grid Action plan


(2012‐2014)

Moderate

(2015‐2016)

Long Term

(2017‐2021)3. FacilitatingInformationSh i

FinanceSharing

• Facilitate cross‐country learning on business casedevelopment; in particular, the collection anddissemination of business case model elements relatedto the impact that different levels of smart gridsto the impact that different levels of smart gridscapabilities have on costs and benefits —including non‐financial and societal benefits and also the successperformance MoEN, EGAT, MEA, PEA

Technology

• Support national ongoing smart grids R&D, pilot‐scale,d f ll l d l ff b diff i iand full‐scale deployment efforts by different entities

(institutions, utilities, municipalities, etc.) All sectors

‐ Smart meteringGrid based storage‐ Grid based storage

‐ Plug‐in hybrid system‐ End‐use devices




3. FacilitatingInformationSharing

Capacity Building

• Develop a program/network of workshops and• Develop a program/network of workshops andcommunication sessions on best practices in smart gridsfinancing, coordination, and regulation, targeting thosein public sector decision‐making positions includingconsumer engagement MoEN

• Develop and share best practices for public informationcampaigns to increase public awareness andengagement with smart grids initiatives, includingassurances for consumers and other relevantstakeholders that privacy interests are adequatelyprotected MoEN EGAT MEA PEA institutesprotected MoEN, EGAT, MEA, PEA, institutes

• Identify and share best practices for successful behaviorchange (e.g., tactics to enhance consumer use of smartid t h l i f d d )grids technologies for demand response).

• Educate management of utilities or other appropriateinstitutions on the benefits of investment in security

f l i i i d l


measures for electricity industry control systems.

กทม – 8,800-9,000 ตนตอวนเทศบาลใหญอนๆ > 100 ตนตอวน ม2 เทศบาลใหญอนๆ > 100 ตนตอวน มประมาณ 25 แหงCurrent = 13 MWe and 1.09

ktoe thermal

2ผลตไฟฟาจากขยะผลตไฟฟาจากขยะ

ktoe thermal energy generation

เนน 3 สวนLandfill gas (หลมฝงกลบ)Landfill gas (หลมฝงกลบ)

มเปนโครงการ CDM บางแลวการหมกIncineration (การเผา)

• เนนการพจารณาเทคโนโลยทเหมาะกบประเทศไทย คอ LFG และการเผาขยะเปนหลก เนองจากการหมกยงมเสถยรภาพตา

• พจารณาในพนทท มศกยภาพตามพจารณาในพนททมศกยภาพตาม supply ของขยะชมชนเปนหลก และดขอจากดเชงเทคโนโลย และ management ในปจจบน เพอทาmanagement ในปจจบน เพอทา TAP

(2) Waste Power Generation

Waste Power Generation Barrier.

Barrier Details

Technical Lack of efficient waste management system.

Lack of public awareness for waste management.

l h i i d fPeople have negative attitudes to energy from waste projects.

Lack of various technologies development about energyLack of various technologies development about energy waste.

Insufficient detail of the country waste database.

No responsible unit for solving the disagreement amongstakeholders

No responsible unit to promote and coordinate amongNo responsible unit to promote and coordinate among government units



Waste Power Generation Barrier

Barrier DetailsGeneration Barrier.

Financial High investment of waste energy

Adder rate is disincentive.Adder rate is disincentive.

Policy/ Principle Regarding to พรบ รวมทน Act, the protocols have many steps and take long time.

Regarding to พรบ ผงเมอง Act B.E.2518, it’s prohibited to use land for waste disposal affairs.

There are many law relate to waste managementThere are many law relate to waste management


สรางความรในการคดแยกขยะ และการผลตพลงงานขยะ


Waste Power Generation Possible solutions

สรางระบบจดการขยะทมประสทธภาพ

Technical

วจยและพฒนาเทคโนโลยการผลตพลงงานขยะ

จดตงเคลอขายพลงงานจดตงเคลอขายพลงงาน

หาเจาภาพในการสงเสรมการใชพลงงานขยะ

Possible solutions

Financialพฒนาเทคโนโลยตนทนตา

สงเสรมการลงทนภาคเอกชนสงเสรมการลงทนภาคเอกชน

Policy &ปรบมลคาขนตาของโครงการ จาก พนลาน เปน 3-5พนลาน

Policy & Principle ปรบ พรบ. รวมทน เพอสงเสรมพลงงานทดแทน

ผอนปรน พรบ.ผงเมอง ใหจดตงโรงไฟฟาขยะ ในพนทฝนกลบ


ผอนปรน พรบ.ผงเมอง ใหจดตงโรงไฟฟาขยะ ในพนทฝนกลบ

ชาระกฎหมายใหอานวยความสะดวกใหผประกอบการทสนใจลงทน



(2012‐2014)

Moderate

(2015‐2016)

Long Term

(2017‐2021)1 R h ff d f1. Researchand Develop

To create an effective waste management and awareness ofwaste management Including the development of energyproduction technology from domestic waste. Consists of planfollow:follow:

1)Study of production system prototype of biogas frommarket waste

2)Study the way to promote and develop RDF productionand oil from plastic waste

3)Garbage separation system prototype) g p y p yp

4)The application of waste energy production for reduce costand improve efficiency.




(2012‐2014)

Moderate

(2015‐2016)

Long Term

(2017‐2021)2. Support andpromote

To develop the standard of waste energy and develop othertechnology about the domestic waste energy production andtechnology about the domestic waste energy production andto increase the academic information that can use to makedecision and confidence in system. Consists of plan follow:

1)Standard RDF /oil from plastic waste1)Standard RDF /oil from plastic waste

2)Support the investment of private sector

3)Promote the use of instant biogas tank in small package3)Promote the use of instant biogas tank in small package

4)Promote the biogas production from market waste

5)Promote the biogas production

6)Promote the privatization of waste plastic into oil

7)Monitoring and improve efficiency of waste energyd iproduction system

8)Establish a clean community prototype



Measures Technology Action PlanShort Term Moderate Long Term


3. Publishing To increase understanding about the management and useof waste energy and to increase the academic informationthat can use to make decision and confidence in systemthat can use to make decision and confidence in system.Consists of plan follow:

1)Create a knowledge of the waste energy production.

2)Waste management in school

3)Training on the promotion of waste energy in schools.

4)Establish the entrepreneur network of waste energy

5)Waste energy network entrepreneur seminar

6)Y h f h d i i6)Youth camp for promote the waste energy production inhigh school

7)Youth camp for promote the waste energy production inuniversity

8)International seminar on privatization waste into energy


3 • เนนการพจารณาเทคโนโลยทมผลกระทบสง 4 สวน ในหมอนาแยกตามความพรอมท ง Low tech และ High tech แบงตามขนาด

Efficient FuelEfficient Fuel

3 tech และ High tech แบงตามขนาด• ดขอจากดเชงเทคโนโลย ทน และ

management ในปจจบน เพอทา TAPEfficient Fuel Efficient Fuel combustion in combustion in industrial sectorindustrial sector

หมอไอนาในไทย 8,816 แหง110,000 ton per hr

ทอไฟ จานวน 6,306 เครอง (31,000 ton per hr)industrial sectorindustrial sector , ( , p )ทอนา จานวน 2,510 เครอง (79,000 ton per hr)

จานวนหมอนา ขนาดหมอนาประเภทอตสาหกรรม

จานวน (ลก) สดสวน ขนาด (ตน/ชม.) สดสวน

อตสาหกรรมกระดาษ 342 3.88% 4,832 4.40%

อตสาหกรรมเคม 1,389 15.76% 10,460 9.53%

อตสาหกรรมผลตภณฑโลหะ 675 7.66% 1,137 1.04%

อตสาหกรรมไม 549 6.23% 2,451 2.23%

อตสาหกรรมโลหะมลฐาน 77 0.87% 324 0.30%

อตสาหกรรมสงทอ หนงสตว 1,713 19.43% 6,994 6.37%

อตสาหกรรมอโลหะ 69 0.78% 350 0.32%

อตสาหกรรมอาหารและเครองดม 3,508 39.79% 37,412 34.08%

อตสาหกรรมอนๆ 494 5.60% 45,803 41.73%

รวม 8,816 100.00% 109,763 100.00%24

(3) Fuel Combustion in industry sectorAdvantages:

on/off level control

• Simple• Inexpensive• Good for boilers on stand‐byDisadvantages:Disadvantages:• Each boiler requires its own feedpump• More wear and tear on the feedpump and control gear• Variable steam pressure and flowrate• More boiler water carryover• Higher chance of daily operating problems under large load swings

Advantages:• Steady steam pressure and flowrate within the boiler's thermal

capacityM ffi i b i

modulating level control

• More efficient burner operation• Less thermal stress on the boiler shell• Less boiler water carryover• Can use a central feedpump stationCan use a central feedpump station• Less wear and tear on the feedpump and burnerDisadvantages:• More expensive

F d i ll


• Feedpump must run continually• Less suitable for 'stand‐by' operation• Possibly greater electricity consumption

(3) Fuel Combustion in industry sector

Fuel Combustion Barrier Barrier Details

Policy and Regulation Enforcement of Law and RegulationPolicy and Regulation Enforcement of Law and Regulation

Institute No coordination of related institute

Technology Lack of R&D coordinationTechnology Lack of R&D coordination

No domestic technology for large scale boiler.

Financing High Investment for high technologyFinancing High Investment for high technology

Business case fragmentation

Skill and Knowledge Insufficient skilled resources.Skill and Knowledge Insufficient skilled resources.

Owner has low energy concern awareness

Lack of efficient new technologies disseminationg



Fuel Combustion Possible solutions

P li &

Improve adder for entrepreneur incentive

Policy & Regulation Enforce the existing law and regulation

Possible

Institute & Knowledge

Setting up the center for coordination and dissemination

Setting up the sustainable capacityPossible solutions

Setting up the sustainable capacity building program

Technology &

Importing and developing the technology to become localized and low cost

FinancingFinancial incentive program for high efficient equipment (such as burner, boiler, waste heat

re o er s stem) retrofittin


recovery system) retrofitting.



(2012‐2014)

Moderate

(2015‐2016)

Long Term

(2017‐2021)

1. Policyand

• Improve adder or financial concept for entrepreneurincentive in efficient burner and boiler

Regulationincentive in efficient burner and boiler

• Enforce the existing law and regulation for minimumefficiency of boiler/kiln in SME scale (fire tube) with safetyconcept covering all fuel typesconcept covering all fuel types

• Subsidize o the new renewable energy fuel such as woodpellet from agricultural wastes to energy

Measures Technology Action PlanShort Term Moderate Long Term


2. Institute&Knowledge

• Setting up the center/excellent center for coordinationand dissemination in efficient combustion

• Setting up the sustainable capacity building program inLarge‐scale boiler (water tube) and fire tube boiler

‐ Operation and maintainlli


‐ Controlling system‐ Combustion



(2012‐2014)

Moderate

(2015‐2016)

Long Term

(2017‐2021)3.Technology& Financing

• Importing and developing the technology to becomel li d ith l t& Financing localized with low cost

• Financial incentive program for high efficient equipment(such as burner, boiler, waste heat recovery system)retrofitting.

• Survey on the feasibility study of new renewable energysources/fuel; e.g. Agricultural wastes (corn cob, grass)

• Subsidize the new renewable energy sources/fuel such aswood pellet from agricultural wastes in boiler

CDM id ti i ll CDM P f• CDM consideration , especially CDM Programme ofActivities (PoA) in fuel switching of industrial boiler

• Once‐through boiler promoting in SME for efficient fueli ll l b iluse in small scale boiler


4 • 3 ลกษณะการเกบ• เกบในรป Gas ชวยดนนามนในหลมเพมข น4 หลมเพมขน

• เกบใน Liq ในมหาสมทร• เกบในรปของแขง

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)การดกจบและกกเกบคารบอนจากภาคพลงงาน

30

Capture and compression Transportation Storage

Mid-2011-Only 8 large scale CCS

t d ( NG doperated (จาก NG and Oil field)

-77 ongoing

Source:www.globalccsinstitute.com

(4) CCS

CCS Barrier Barrier Details

Policy and Regulation ‐Enforcement of Law and Regulation (Only EOR: Enhanced OilPolicy and Regulation Enforcement of Law and Regulation (Only EOR: Enhanced Oil Recovery technology is OK for Thailand)

No specific/direct legal management for CCS monitoring, reporting and leak of CO2 in responsible and managementreporting and leak of CO2 in responsible and management.

If implementing the storage in the sea (gulf of Thailand) or underground, the international boarders concept may apply

Institute ‐ DMF is the only government deal with CCS in energy sector,and CCS Feasibility study started in 2010‐2011 by DMF‐ PTT also developed prefeasibility study for CCS Greater S th B k t NG d i (1 Mt CO2 ll ) NSouth Bongkot NG producing area (1 Mt‐CO2 annually) – No feasible even with CDM

Technology NG in Thailand produced 15‐35% CO2 (PTT) but still lack of & i l d i h i i i i /i iR&D in CCS related in Thai universities/institutes

No domestic technology.


(4) CCS

CCS Barrier Barrier Details

Financing and Economic ‐ Very high Investment costFinancing and Economic Very high Investment cost

‐CCS as Clean development mechanism (CDM) is not completely approved by the UNFCCC (on going processes)

‐According to PTT, Carbon Sinking Potential should be investigate and require both technical and financial support

‐ CCS‐EOR required other system/infrastructure

Skill and Knowledge Very limited knowledge and skilled resources in Thailand.

Public concern in the long term safety

Environmental barriers No CCS proof that safely store or guaranteed Carbon over a long period ‐‐> May lead to protest in the fututre


(4) CCS

Possible solutions

P li & CCS regulations are required

National time frame establishment

Policy & Regulation

CCS regulations are required

Possible

Institute & Knowledge

Setting up the center/organization for regulation and coordination

S tti th t i bl itPossible solutions

Setting up the sustainable capacity building program

Technology &

Identify the suitable CCS sites and technology selection

Financing

Financial incentive program for CCS


(4) CCS

M T h l A i PlShort Term Moderate Long Term


1. PolicyandRegulation

• Study and legislation of CCS regulation covering all CCStechnologies and in domestic regulation and border

l ti d t th th i ti l tiRegulation regulation and strengthen the existing regulation

• Establish the national CCS time frame & project planning10 years design, approve and construction Thai CCS;20 to 30 years of operation and injection;20 to 30 years of operation and injection;20 to 100 years of monitoring the CCS site post‐injection


(2012 2014)

Moderate

(2015 2016)

Long Term

(2017 2021)(2012‐2014) (2015‐2016) (2017‐2021)

2. Institute&Knowledge

• Setting up the center/excellent center and responsiblebody for CCS management, coordination and regulation

‐ Accelerate the RD&D, especially in monitoring and, p y gcontrol system

‐ Start partnerships btw gov agencies, research institutionand industry stakeholders for early‐mover project

• Setting up the sustainable capacity building program inCCS (Training and grants for international study in CCS)

‐ Basic concept and technology


‐ O &M‐ Risk management of CO2 sequestration‐ etc.

• Enhance public awareness on CCS

(4) CCSMeasures Technology Action Plan

Short Term Moderate Long TermMeasures Technology Action Plan

(2012‐2014) (2015‐2016) (2017‐2021)3.Technology& Financing

• Identification and development of Thai CCS suitablestorage sites

• Comprehensive mapping for storage• Comprehensive mapping for storage• Site assessment (geology, hydrogeology, EOR

potential, etc.)• Technology selection and risk managementgy g• Best practice study and sharing• Failure rates of planned project to operation [in

2009; 20%‐47% of planned will proceed tooperation]operation]

• Financial backing/support is essentially required (e.g. Taxexemption of CCS technologies import) focus mainlyon EOR in the first period (Now; CCS cost $62‐120 peron EOR in the first period (Now; CCS cost $62 120 pertonne of CO2 avoided while Carbon credit market priceis 7‐8 Euro)

• Provide gov investment through public‐private partnershipg g p p p pin integrated CCS projects (power plant and industryplants) to drive down the cost curves

• CDM and internationally‐NAMA consideration and


prepareness, also Create Thai Carbon market for CCStechnology

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