tectonics: tsunami risk management
DESCRIPTION
Case studies and examples of how to manage Tsunami's using Stromboli as an example, and an overview of the Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System.TRANSCRIPT
Tsunami Risk Management
Tsunami Generation
• Tsunamigenesis• Most generated at
subduction/convergent boundaries
• Most active is the Japan – Taiwan boundary
• Not all earthquakes generate tsunami, mostly over 6.5 richter
• Can also be from volcanic collapse or landslides
Impacts
• Two case studies boxing day tsunami
• Stromboli – 2002 and others
2004 Tsunami
Banda Aceh
Sri Lanka
Kalutara Beach
Drawback
Inundation by the wave
Detection
• Un-noticeable in open water – why?
• Wave length 150 to 250km
• Drawback before landfall
• Pacific Warning system
Famous Tsunamis• December 26, 2004: A massive
earthquake off the coast of Sumatra generates tsunami waves that wreck coastlines in 10 countries, killing more than 280,000 people.
• August 16, 1976: A tsunami hits the Moro Gulf region of the Philippines, killing 5,000 people.
• March 28, 1964: The Good Friday earthquake in Alaska creates a tsunami that envelopes the Alaskan coastline. The same tsunami also hits Oregon and California. A total of 132 people die.
• June 15, 1896: The 70-foot-high Sanriku tsunami strikes Japan, killing 26,000 people.
Tsunami Pictures
http://fohn.net/biggest-tsunami/The biggest tsunami’s of all time – 5 short case studies – try not to use the old ones!
Stromboli
Stromboli• 2002 tsunami
• 10m high
• Tsunamigenic source of a submarine and a sub-aerial landslide, created 2 waves
• Only affected Stromboli, no other regions suffered severe consequences
• Occurred 8 times since 1920
Stromboli Tectonics
morphology
Bathymetry
• Steep sloping NE flank
• Scar extends to 1700m bsl
• Slope is periodically overloaded and collapses (40 degrees, loose pc and lava)
Background to 2002
Stromboli 2002
Hazard Management
Management Techniques
• Standards – education, planning, hazard maps, monitoring and prediction
• Japan – Tsunami Walls (Tsu)• http://water.wikia.com/wiki/Tsunami• Slope stabilisation• Mitigation – setting of smaller
landlsides to minimise risk of big ones!
Management of Risk
• How do you manage tsunami risk?
• 10 Minutes – discuss in groups approaches to management using text book and modules and your own research