teensy programming for everyone
DESCRIPTION
This was a workshop I conducted at Black Hat Europe'12. The workshop explains how to program a USB HID, Teensy++ in this case, for usage in offensive security.TRANSCRIPT
Teensy Programming for Everyone
Nikhil Mittal
About Me
SamratAshok Twitter - @nikhil_mitt Blog – http://labofapenetrationtester.blogspot.com Creator of Kautilya Interested in Offensive Information Security, new
attack vectors and methodologies to pwn systems. Previous Talks
Clubhack’10, Hackfest’11, Clubhack’11, Black hat Abu Dhabi’11
Upcoming Talks Troopers’12, PHDays’12, Hack In Paris’12 Training at GrrCON’12
Agenda - Introduction
A typical Pen Test Scenario How we are doing it Need for new methods to break into
systems HID anyone?
Agenda - Workshop
Introduction to Teensy Basics of Arduino Development Environment (ADE) Installing and configuring ADE to use with Teensy Understanding the basics of programming using ADE Writing Hello World Basic usage and programming of Teensy Introduction to Kautilya Demonstration of Payloads in Kautilya Program and perform attacks on a Windows machine Program and perform advanced attacks on a Windows
machine Understanding structure of and automation using
Kautilya Understanding Integration of payloads in Kautilya
Agenda - Conclusion
Protection against HID based attacks Pen Test Stories Limitations Future Conclusion
Let’s get started
Be as interactive as you can. Query me, ask nasty questions, insult me.
It is mandatory to laugh on jokes, they be on slides or cracked by me.
We will start slow and then pick up speed. Be patient if you know something, everybody is not good as you.
I don’t have much theory so be ready to see demos and source code.
Make sure you keep your eyes on. You should be able to program your device after this. I will keep checking if everyone is awake ;)
A client engagement comes with IP addresses.
We need to complete the assignment in very restrictive time frame.
Pressure is on us to deliver a “good” report with some high severity findings. (That “High” return inside a red colored box)
A typical Pen Test Scenario
How the threats are Tested
Vuln Scan Exploit Report
This is a best case scenario. Only lucky ones find that. Generally legacy Enterprise
Applications or Business Critical applications are not upgraded and are the first targets.
There is almost no fun doing it that way.
Some of us do it better
Enum Scan Exploit Report
Some of us do it even better
Enum +
IntelScan Exploit Post Exp Report
Why do we need to exploit?
To gain access to the systems. This shows the real threat to clients
that we can actually make an impact on their business. No more “so-what”
We can create reports with “High” Severity findings which bring $$$
What do we exploit?
Memory Corruption bugs. Server side Client Side
Mis-configurations Open file shares. Sticky slips. Man In The Middle (many types) Unsecured Dumpsters Humans <Audience>
Worse Scenario
Many times we get some vulnerabilities but can’t exploit. No public exploits available. Not allowed on the system. Countermeasure blocking it. Exploit completed but no session was
generated :P
Worst Scenario
Hardened Systems Patches in place Countermeasures blocking scans and
exploits Security incident monitoring and
blocking No network access
We need alternatives.
Best Alternative
Rajnikant > Chuck Norris
Need for new methods to break into systems
Bad guys are getting smarter. Smart attacks of 2011
Sony (ok not so smart :P) RSA (clever attack), chained to Lockheed Martin Epsilon (Spear Phishing) Barracuda Networks (WAF turned off for little while) Some attacks on India
Smart attacks of 2010 Stuxnet Operation Aurora
And Many more (like Apache in 2009)
Need for new methods to break into systems
Breaking into systems is not as easy as done in the movies.
Those defending the systems have become smarter (at many places :P) and it is getting harder to break into “secured” environments.
Everyone is breaking into systems using the older ways, you need new ways to do it better.
HID anyone?
Wikipedia – “A human interface device or HID is a type of computer device that interacts directly with, and most often takes input from, humans and may deliver output to humans.”
Mice, Keyboards and Joysticks are most common HID.
What could go wrong?
Introduction to Teensy
A USB Micro-controller device. Storage of about 130 KB. We will use Teensy ++ which is an
updated version of Teensy.
From pjrc.com
Current usage of Teensy
http://www.pjrc.com/teensy/projects.html
Really cool projects.
Arduino - Installation
Install Arduino Windows Serial Installer (only
Windows) Install Teensyduino Copy Teensy loader executable in
Arduino directory. Detailed with screenshots here:http://www.pjrc.com/teensy/td_download.html
Arduino - Configuration
Make sure to select correct “Board” and “USB Type” under Tools menu item.
If Teensyduino has been installed properly, sketch examples could be found at File->Examples->Teensy
Programming using ADE
Almost C++ like syntax is used in ADE
Two functions are required at minimum setup() which runs whenever Teensy is
plugged or restarted. loop() which keeps running after setup()
Basic usage and programming of Teensy
Writing Hello World with Teensy.
DEMO, Source Code and Programming
Kautilya
It’s a toolkit which aims to make Teensy more useful in Penetration Tests.
Named after Chanakya a.k.a. Kautilya. Written in Ruby. It’s a menu drive program which let
users select and customize payloads. Aims to make Teensy part of every
Penetration tester’s tool chest.
Payloads
Payloads are written for teensy without SD Card.
Pastebin is extensively used. Both for uploads and downloads.
Payloads are commands, powershell scripts or combination of both.
Payload execution of course depends on privilege of user logged in when Teensy is plugged in.
Payloads are mostly for Windows as the victim of choice generally is a Windows machine.
Windows User Add
Adds a user with Administrative privileges on the victim.
Uses net user command.
Default DNS
Changes the default DNS for a connection.
Utilizes the netsh command.
Edit Hosts File
Edit hosts file to resolve a domain locally.
Enable RDP
Enables RDP on victim machine. Starts the service. Adds exception to Windows firewall. Adds a user to Administrators group.
Enable Telnet
Installs Telnet on victim machine. Starts the service. Adds exception to Windows firewall. Adds a user to Administrators group
and Telnetclients group..
Forceful Browsing
Starts an invisible instance of Internet Explorer which browses to the given URL.
Download and Execute
Downloads an exe in text format from pastebin, converts it back to exe and executes it.
Sethc and Utilman backdoor
Using registry hacks, calls user defined executable or command when Shift is pressed 5 times or Win + U is pressed.
When the system is locked, the called exe is executed in System context.
Uninstall Application
Uninstalls an msiexec application silently.
Chrome RDP
This payload uses opens up chrome, launches Remote Desktop plugin, enters credentials and copies the access key to pastebin.
This payload operates on browser window.
Information Gather
Dumps valuable information from registry, net command and hosts file.
Sniffer
This payload pulls the sniffer powershell script (by Robbie Fost) and executes it on the victim.
The output is compressed and uploaded to ftp.
The Pwnage Saga Continues
Hashdump
This payload pulls powerdump script of msf from pastebin, schedules it as taks to run in system context and upload the hashes to pastebin.
Keylogging
This payload logs keys and pastes it to pastebin every twenty seconds.
There is a separate script to parse the output.
Wireless Rogue AP
This payload creates a hosted network with user define SSID and key.
It also adds a user to Administrators and TelnetClients group.
It installs and starts telnet and adds it to windows firewall exception.
Forced Wireless Connection
This payload forces the victim to connect to an attacker controlled WiFi AP. The AP in this case is portable WiFi hotspot on a smartphone.
Using this either payloads can be pulled from the smartphone or the internet using the AP thus effectively bypassing any internet restriction policies on the system.
Code Execution
This payload uses the powershell code execution script (by Matt from exploit-monday blog).
A meterpreter shell is executed completely in memory using this script.
Java Signed Applet Code Exec
This payload browses in background to a url where Metasploit Java Signed Applet module is hosted and accepts the run prompt after few seconds.
Pen Test StoriesLibrary Fun
We were doing internal PT for a large media house.
The access to network was quite restrictive.
The desktops at Library were left unattended many times.
Teensy was plugged into one system with a sethc and utilman backdoor.
Later in the evening the system was accessed and pwnage ensued.
Pen Test StoriesBreaking the perimeter
A telecom company. We had to do perimeter check for
the firm. The Wireless rogue AP payload was
used and teensy was sold to the clients employees during lunch hours.
Within couple of hours, we got a wireless network with a administrative user and telnet ready.
Pen Test StoriesHelp by the Helpdesk
A pharma company. We replaced a user’s data card with a
Teensy inside the data card’s cover. The payload selected was Keylogger. “Data card” obviously didn’t worked and
we got multiple keylogging for the user and the helpdesk.
Helpdesk guys had access to almost everything in the environment and over a workday, it was over.
Defense from malicious HID
Use Endpoint Protector 4 :P :P Group Policy in Windows which
prevent installation of hardware devices.
Limitations with Teensy
Limited storage in Teensy. Resolved if you attach a SD card with Teensy.
Inability to “read” from the system. You have to assume the responses of victim OS and there is only one way traffic.
Limitations with Kautilya
Many payloads need Administrative privilege.
Lots of traffic to and from pastebin. Inability to clear itself after a single
run. Not very stable as it is still a new
tool and has not gone through user tests.
For payloads which use executables you manually need to convert and paste them to pastebin.
Future
Improvement in current payloads. Implementation of SD card. Use some payloads as libraries so
that they can be reused. Support for Non-English keyboards. Maybe more Linux payloads. Implementation of some new
payloads which are under development.
Thank You
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Kautilya is available at http://code.google.com/p/kautilya/
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