telit functionalities and operation modes application note r0

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Functionalities and Operations Modes

Application NoteFor PowerOne 868 Module and Terminal

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Reproduction forbidden without written authorization from Telit Communications S.p.A. - All Rights Reserved. Page 2 of 55

This document is related to the following products:


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Disclaimer

The information contained in this document is the proprietary information of TelitCommunications S.p.A. and its affiliates (TELIT).

The contents are confidential and any disclosure to persons other than the officers,employees, agents or subcontractors of the owner or licensee of this document,without the prior written consent of Telit, is strictly prohibited.

Telit makes every effort to ensure the quality of the information it makes available.Notwithstanding the foregoing, Telit does not make any warranty as to theinformation contained herein, and does not accept any liability for any injury, loss or

damage of any kind incurred by use of or reliance upon the information.

Telit disclaims any and all responsibility for the application of the devicescharacterized in this document, and notes that the application of the device mustcomply with the safety standards of the applicable country, and where applicable,with the relevant wiring rules.

Telit reserves the right to make modifications, additions and deletions to thisdocument due to typographical errors, inaccurate information, or improvements toprograms and/or equipment at any time and without notice.

Such changes will, nevertheless be incorporated into new editions of this document.

Copyright: Transmittal, reproduction, dissemination and/or editing of this documentas well as utilization of its contents and communication thereof to others withoutexpress authorization are prohibited. Offenders will be held liable for payment ofdamages. All rights are reserved.

Copyright Telit Communications S.p.A. 2010.


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Contents

1.1. Scope............................................................................................................................ 71.2. Audience....................................................................................................................... 71.3. Contact Information, Support ...................................................................................... 71.4. Text Conventions..........................................................................................................81.5. Related Documents ..................................................................................................... 81.6. Document History ........................................................................................................ 8

2.1. Software & Manuals .................................................................................................... 9

3.1. General concept......................................................................................................... 103.2. Commands ................................................................................................................. 103.3. Registers Description ................................................................................................ 123.4. Error codes ................................................................................................................ 17

4.1. General concept......................................................................................................... 194.2. Operation.................................................................................................................... 194.3. Cautions ..................................................................................................................... 204.4. Examples.................................................................................................................... 20

5.1. General concept......................................................................................................... 215.2. Operation.................................................................................................................... 21

5.2.1. Secured algorithm............................................................................................................215.2.2. Flow control......................................................................................................................225.2.3. Flow control diagram .......................................................................................................22

5.3. Cautions ..................................................................................................................... 245.4. Examples.................................................................................................................... 24

5.4.1. Configuration with AT commands....................................................................................24


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6.1. General concept......................................................................................................... 266.2. Operation.................................................................................................................... 276.3. Broadcast ................................................................................................................... 276.4. Default addressee...................................................................................................... 276.5. Network simulation ................................................................................................... 28

6.5.1. Simulated Server Configuration ......................................................................................286.5.2. Simulated Client Nx Configuration ................................................................................28

6.6. Use of the S255 register ............................................................................................ 296.7. Cautions ..................................................................................................................... 306.8. Examples.................................................................................................................... 32

6.8.1. Client Nx Configuration ..................................................................................................326.8.2. Transmission....................................................................................................................32

7.1. General concept......................................................................................................... 347.2.

Operation.................................................................................................................... 34

7.2.1. Automatic Acquisition ......................................................................................................347.2.2. Manual Acquisition ...........................................................................................................357.2.3. Client Management ..........................................................................................................35

7.3. Use of the S255 register ............................................................................................ 367.4. Commands ................................................................................................................. 367.5. Broadcast ................................................................................................................... 397.6. Cautions ..................................................................................................................... 397.7. Examples.................................................................................................................... 39

7.7.1. Server Configuration ........................................................................................................397.7.2. Client Nx Configuration ..................................................................................................407.7.3. Transmission....................................................................................................................40

8.1. General concept......................................................................................................... 428.2. Operation.................................................................................................................... 428.3. Cautions ..................................................................................................................... 43


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8.4. Examples.................................................................................................................... 438.4.1. Configuration Modem N1 ...............................................................................................438.4.2. Configuration Repeater Modem.......................................................................................438.4.3. Configuration Modem N2 ...............................................................................................448.4.4. Transmission....................................................................................................................44

9.1. General concept......................................................................................................... 459.2. Operation.................................................................................................................... 45

9.2.1. Modification ......................................................................................................................459.2.2. Interrogation.....................................................................................................................46 9.2.3. I/O Copy.............................................................................................................................46

9.3. Cautions ..................................................................................................................... 479.4. Example for Telemetry .............................................................................................. 48

9.4.1. Server Configuration ........................................................................................................489.4.2. Client Nx Configuration ..................................................................................................489.4.3. Transmissions - Telemetry..............................................................................................49

9.5. Example for I/O Copy ................................................................................................. 509.5.1. Server Configuration for Y Clients ...................................................................................509.5.2. Client Nx Configuration ..................................................................................................509.5.3. Transmission....................................................................................................................51

10.1. General concept ..................................................................................................... 5210.2. Operation ................................................................................................................ 5210.3. Example .................................................................................................................. 53

10.3.1. Master Configuration .......................................................................................................5310.3.2. Slave Configuration ..........................................................................................................5310.3.3. Transmission ....................................................................................................................53

11.1. Modems and boards Installation: Principles and cautions ................................... 54


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1

Introduction

Scope of this document is to describe the different functioning modes available on thePowerOne 868Mhz modules and terminals. This description will also help you to understandthe principles behind the configuration registers and to use them more efficiently.

Please refer to the technical manual of the product you are using for specific configuration

settings and/or additional functionalities.

The modes described in this manual are: Transparent Mode Transparent Secured Mode Addressed Secured Mode Network Mode Repeater Demonstration/test mode Telemetry Inputs/Outputs Copy mode

This document is intended for developers and system integrators using PowerOne868Mhz modules and terminals.

For general contact, technical support, to report documentation errors and to ordermanuals, contact Telit Technical Support Center (TTSC) at:

[email protected]@[email protected]@telit.com

Alternatively, use:

http://www.telit.com/en/products/technical-support-center/contact.php

For detailed information about where you can buy the Telit modules or for

recommendations on accessories and components visit:
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.telit.com/en/products/technical-support-center/contact.phphttp://www.telit.com/en/products/technical-support-center/contact.phphttp://www.telit.com/en/products/technical-support-center/contact.phpmailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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http://www.telit.com

To register for product news and announcements or for product questions contactTelit Technical Support Center (TTSC).

Our aim is to make this guide as helpful as possible. Keep us informed of yourcomments and suggestions for improvements.

Telit appreciates feedback from the users of our information.

All dates are in ISO 8601 format, i.e. YYYY-MM-DD.

PowerOne 868MHz Module User Guide, 1vv03000838

PowerOne 868MHz Terminal User Guide, 1vv03000839

0 2009-05-03 First issue
http://www.telit.com/http://www.telit.com/http://www.telit.com/


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2Introduction

The standard configuration is fully described in its own manual. It gives a user friendlyinterface for the modems and boards configuration, and offers an easy test environment forthe different communication modes.Each board and modem have a separate technical manual including the datasheet for radio,electrical and mechanical data, as well as complementary details on the use of theboard/modem in the different functioning modes. This manual will be updated more oftenthan the general ones, so please use it for accurate information.


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3

Hayes Mode

Telit RF Technology modules and terminals parameters are set through the use of Hayestype commands sent on the serial link.

Hayes or 'AT' commands complies with Hayes protocol used in PSTN modem standards.

This AT protocol or Hayes mode is used to configure the modem parameters, based on thefollowing principles:A data frame always begins with the two ASCII AT characters, standing for ATtention, Commands are coded over one or several characters and may include additional data A given command always ends up with a < CR> Carriage Return

A T Command Additional data

Note: The delay between 2 characters of the same command must be less than 10 seconds

The only exception to this data-framing rule is the switching command from theoperating/communication mode to AT Mode. In this case only, the escape code (+++) mustbe started and followed by a silent time at least equal to the serial time out. In this case only and shall not be used.These three '+' characters must be sent as one frame. The use of the keyboard to type themwill not work. If you use a terminal, you will have to copy/paste them.

Despite its similarity to standard telecommunication modem, Telit RF modules andterminals remain radio link modems and are consequently fitted with some particular andspecific AT commands proper to radio transmission (I.e. Communication channel, radiorate ...).

Command Description

+++Hayes Mode Activation+++ command gives an instant access to the modems

parameters configuration mode (Hayes or AT mode), whatever the


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current operating mode in process might be.

+++ command should be entered as one string, i.e. it should notbe preceded by AT and followed by but two silent timeswhich duration is configurable via S214 register (Serial time-out).The time between two + must not exceed the time-out value.Hayes mode inactivates radio functions.Answer : OK

ATO

Communication mode activationATO command gives an instant access to the modems operatingmode, configured in S220 register.ATO command is used to get out of Hayes mode.Answer : OK or ERROR if the configuration is not valid

AT/V

Modems firmware versionAT/V command displays the modems firmware version numberas follows:Version : vX.YZn(refer to the firmware version historyappendix).

AT/S

Modems registers statusAT/S command displays a dynamic and clear status of all

relevant registers of the modem with the following categories : Radio, Serial link, Operation, Depending on the operating mode configured via S220, the

following categories will be dynamically displayed:9 Network,9 Telemetry.

ATSn?

Register interrogationATSn? command displays the content of Hayes register number n(Refer to the register description table).

Answer : Sn=xxx

ATSn=m

Register modificationATSn=m command configures Hayes register number n with thevalue m, e.g. ATS200=4 enters the value 4 in the registerS200.The value is automatically stored in the EEPROM memory.Answer : OK or ERROR xx (see table)

ATR Parameters reset


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ATR command resets all modems parameters to their default

values.Answer : OK

Note: The M433LC or the B433LC responses are slightly different:If modem response is OK, M/B433LC code is 0.If modem response is ERROR, M/B433LC code is 3.

ATNx,yChannel scanningATNx,y command scans radio data from channel x to channel yand indicates and displays the occupation rates on each channel.

ATT0 Pure carrier transmission for testing purposes

ATT1 F2 modulated carrier transmission for testing purposes




The parameters to be configured via Hayes mode are stored in modems EEPROMsregisters, called S registers. Those registers are always listed as follows:S20x registers correspond to the radio parameters,S21x registers correspond to the serial parameters,S22x registers correspond to the general operation parameters,

S25x registers correspond to the network operation parameters,S26x to S28x registers correspond to the I/O operation parameters.

The standard registers and their use are shown in the next table.Please refer to the board or modem technical manual for their exact use with the system youbought.


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R/W S200 Channel Number of the radio channel in use.

R/W S201 Radio BaudRate Indicates the radio link rate

R/W S204 Radio CarrierLength

Indicates the radio carrier length inmilliseconds.This carrier is sent before each data frame andis used to synchronize the receiver

R/W S210 Serial Baudrate. Indicates the speed on the Serial Connection '1': 1200 Bits/s, '2': 2400 Bits/s, '3': 4800 Bits/s, '4': 9600 Bits/s,

'6': 38400 Bits/s, 7: 57600 Bits/s, 8: 115200 Bits/s.

The time out value must be compatible with theserial speed:

Min. time-out(S214)

Serial Speed(S210)

17 ms 1200 bits/s

9 ms 2400 bits/s

5 ms 4800 bits/s

3 ms 9600 bits/s

2 ms 19200 bits/s

R/W S211 Data Bits Serial Link Data Bits : '7' : 7 bits,

R/W S212 Parity Serial Link Parity Type :

'2': Even, '3': Odd.

R/W S213 Number of Stopbits

Serial Link Stop Bits. :

2: 2 Stop bits.

R/W S214 Serial Link TimeOut

Indicates the value of the time-out on the seriallink. The time out value must be compatiblewith the serial speed (see S210 registerdescription) and between 1 and 100

milliseconds.


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R/W S216 Flow Control Indicates flow control type:

'0': Hardware: CTS/RTS, '1': Software: Xon/Xoff,

R/W S218 Buffer Size Indicates the maximum frames size that will begiven to the Modem. When this size is reached,the modem resets the RTS signal.


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R/W S220 Function Mode Indicates the operation mode of the Modem :

'3' : Transparent Secured, '4' : Network Server, '5' : Network Client, 6 : Telemetry Server, 7 : Telemetry Client, '8' : Repeater, '9' : Addressed Secured, 10 : Demo Master, 11 : Demo Slave.

R/W S221 Auto-Repeat Mode Indicates auto repeat status :

1 : Auto-Repetition On.

R/W S223 Number of Retries Maximum recoveries count in case of problemsin non Transparent mode.If this Register is at 0, the frames are notchecked and considered as still good (used for

tests). Included between 0 and 255

Default value: 2


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Addressed Secu red & Ne tw o rk Con t r o l

R/W S250 NetworkNumber

Network Number on 2 Bytes (used forNetwork and Addressed Secured modes).NOTE: To reset this register to 0 also resetsthe S252, S253 and S254 registers to 0.

R or

R/W (1)

S252 Modem Number Network Number on 2 Bytes (used forNetwork and Addressed Secured modes).

R or

R/W (1)

S254 Clients Count Gives the Client count of a Network Server

Modem. Between 0 and 32.R/W S255 Network

ConfigurationIndicates the networks servers mode datatransmission configuration. 5 or 6 bits areused depending on product

Bit 'N': indicates whether the received frame begins withthe Client Nbr (1) or not (0).

Bit 'CR': indicates whether the received frame ends withtheCarriage Returncharacter (0x0D) (1) or not (0).

Bit NHd: indicates whether the format in Transmission(and in reception, if the Bit 'N' is activated) is ASCII(1=Data) (0) or Numeric (Data) (1).

Bit 'Acq': Indicates if Acquisition Mode is automatic inNetwork mode (0). If not (1), users MUST write and verifyALL network parameters (S250 to S254) on clients andserver.

Bit 'Ret': Indicates if theOKshould be returned after eachradio transmission (0) or not (1).

Bit '2NHd': In case of a Numeric Header (bit 'NHd'=1)

indicates if the header is on 1bit (=0) or 2 bits (=1). Used ifyou have more than 255 modems in your system.

Bits 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

- - 2NHd Ret Acq NHd CR N

R/W S256 DefaultAddressee

In addressed secured mode, indicates theaddress to which every radio frame will besent to (default address).

( ): Depends on bit 'Acq' of S255: If the acquisition is automatic, these registers are ReadOnly.


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01 AT characters are missing in the command

02 Command unknown or unauthorized in the current configuration

03 Register unknown

04Register content not correct. Refer to the registers description for variouslimitations

07 Serial speed modification impossible because of low time-out.Time-out should be modified before serial speed.

08Time-out modification impossible because of high serial speed.Serial speed should be modified before time-out

09 The addressing is missing in the command (Client ID =)

10 Channels to be scanned not correct

11 Command not correct. The client must have a network ID different from 0

12 Command not correct. The server must have a network ID different from 0

13 Client activation impossible. The network ID must be different from 014 Server activation impossible. The network ID must be different from 0

15Radio speed modification impossible because of high serial speed.Serial speed should be modified before radio speed

16Serial speed modification impossible because of low radio speed.Radio speed should be modified before serial speed

17Radio speed modification impossible because of high number of channels.Number of channel should be modified before radio speed

18Repeater mode only. Radio speed modification impossible because channelN2 is above the number of channel limits. Channel N2 should be modified

before radio speed19 Repeater not allowed in network

31 Transmission to client impossible: No client response or radio noise

32 Telemetry client not responding to command

33 Telemetry clients answer format not valid


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40 Command not valid

41 Client ID not valid on server

44 Client ID not found on server

45 Transmission to client impossible: No client response or radio noise


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4

Transparent Mode

The transparent mode is the default communication mode of all Telit RF radio modules andterminals, based on a null-modem cable emulation. Basically, transparent mode isequivalent to a half-duplex module and reproduces the half-duplex function of a RS-485, RS-232 or RS-422 cable.

This mode can be used as Point to Point or Point to Multi-point with all the modemsreceiving the messages sent by any modem.

Telit RF radio modems in transparent mode behave like wired serial links. Therefore, radiomodems automatically transmit every serial data received on their radio link, and alsotransmit all radio information received on their serial link. The transparent mode can beoperated for both point-to-point and multipoint links.

Consequently, the latency time, i.e. the reception to transmission switching time, is reducedto its minimum (around 8 to 30 ms, depending on the product). This latency time includes :

the time for one character reception in the modem (0.5 ms at 19200 bauds) the VCO reception to transmission switching time (2 ms) the carrier duration (5 to 10 ms by default, depending on the product) the time for radio data transmission or reception of 1 byte (0.25 ms at 40 Kbits/s, 1

ms at 9600 bps) the time to transmit one character from the modem (0.5 ms at 19200 bauds)

Moreover, no data control, neither on the serial link, nor on the radio link, is performed byTelit RF radio modems in transparent mode. Therefore, the data control must then be

carried out by software applications used by various protocols such as ProfiBus, ModBus,JBus, Unitelway, etc


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The users software application must adequately verify that all buffers are transmittedcorrectly, considering that an interrupted transmission may lead to characters or bufferslosses.

Any unit configured in transparent mode will receive every radio data flowing on the samecommunication channel, i.e. on the same frequency.

Configuration with AT commands

User +++ // Switch to Hayes modeModem OK

User ATS200=0 // Communication channel n 0Modem OK

User ATS220=1 // Transparent mode selectionModem OK

User ATO // Switch to operating modeModem OK

Transmission


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5

SECURED TRANSPARENT MODE

In order to confirm the good quality of transmitted data frames and to avoid data loss, dataframe control and encapsulation between radio modems are added to the transparent mode,so that each data transfer is verified.

Secured transparent modes purpose is to offer an optimal radio link quality and to providetransparent mode with the necessary security in case frame control would not be includedwithin the users application software.

The risk of data loss is therefore much weaker than during the use of application softwareonly because this latter is dependent on the intermediate times inserted by the serial link.

Moreover, a flow control should be performed on the serial link in order to warn the userthat the data buffer is saturating.

The transmitting unit proceeds to data framing :9 Transferred Data Count up,9 Transferred Data Frame Type,9 Frame number,9 Data to be transmitted,9 16 bits CRC.


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The receiving unit analyses this data frame and checks its consistency:9 When the data frame is received correctly, the receiver transmits an

Acknowledgement back to the transmitter, and delivers the received data frameto its serial link.

9 In case the reception is not satisfying, no Acknowledgement is received by thetransmitter. The transmitter then repeats the data frame transmission after afixed delay (depends on the product) without receiving any acknowledgement. Thenumber of iterations can be configured via S223 register.

9 A serial time-out is also defined in order to indicate the end of a frame when thebuffer size is not reached. Therefore, as soon as a delay equivalent to this time-out is reached, the radio modem can start a new frame transmission. This time-

out can be configured via S214 register.

Three types of flow control are available on Telit RF radio modems : Hardware : CTS/RTS, Software : XON-XOFF, None.

The flow control parameter is accessible via S216 register. The flow control signals areactivated in two distinct cases : The buffer size is reached, A delay equivalent to the serial time-out is reached without any data transmission.


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The following diagram illustrates the above statements with a frame having a sizesuperior to the buffer size S214 :

Serial Tx withS/W Flow control

(S216=1)

Frame > buffer

Serial Rx

Radio

Transmission

Frame< buffer

Xoff Xon

Serial RTS withH/W Flow control

Trans.

Time-Out (S214)

Xoff Xon


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Secured transparent mode shall be operated for point-to-point communications only.

At serial port level, each transmitted data frame is verified, but no statement asserts to theuser whether the data frame has been transmitted or not.

The users software application must adequately verify that all buffers are transmittedcorrectly, considering that an interrupted transmission may lead to characters or bufferslosses.

The reason is that after N repetition of a buffer (N programmable up to 255 with S223register) without a correct acknowledgement, the buffer is considered as lost.

When using the flow control, it is strongly advised to limit the buffer size to less than themaximum size (e.g. 180 characters limitation for a maximum buffer of 200 characters) inorder to handle the flow control management time of the host system.



User ATS220=3 // Secured transparent mode selectionModem OK

User ATS223=5 // Number of retries = 5Modem OK

User ATS216=0 // Hardware flow control selectionModem OK

User ATS218=180 // Buffer size = 180Modem OK

User ATO // Switch to operating mode


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Modem OK

Transmission

Waiting time

ACK

ACK

ACK


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6

ADDRESSED SECURED MODE

The addressed secured mode is similar to a multipoint secured mode, where there is noserver and all modems can communicate with each other, addressing each frame to one ofthem.Be careful, the addressed secured mode does not handle collisions as the network mode.Useful for applications that need more than 32 clients, it must be surrounded by applicationsthat assure collision avoidance.


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Addressed secured modes purpose is to offer an optimal radio link quality providing themultipoint access of the transparent mode with the security of the secured transparentmode. Compared to the secured transparent mode, the addressed secured mode thereforeincludes the additional feature to address each data frame to a specific modem.

The data Management is as follows: Data transmissions are fully verified, The modem acts as in transparent mode, adding frame encapsulation,

Identification of Clients with a specific number added at the beginning of each dataframe. For example : "1=Hello" sends the data frame "Hello" to Client N.1,

Receiver client recognize the Client transmitting modem by the number starting thedata frame. For example : "002=Hello" indicates that data frame "Hello" comes fromClient N.2,

You can add one frame ending character, Carrier Return, after each receivedframe. This in order to distinguish each frame.Example: "002=1458003=4587" indicates data frame "1458" comes fromClient No.2, and data frame "4587" comes from Client No.3.

Data frames can easily be broadcast from one modem to the whole network, i.e. data framescan easily be transmitted to all other modems of the same network simultaneously.In order to broadcast a data frame, it must be addressed to a null modem ID. For example,0=Hello sends the frame Hello to all other clients of the same network

In this case, the modem, which considers all transmission as successful, awaits noAcknowledgement, i.e. it considers that all modems did receive the frame.

In the same idea, a modem numbered "0" will receive all the transmitted frames without

sending any Acknowledgement and can be use as a monitor.

A default addressee can be configured in the modem. This parameter is accessible via S256register.

Once a modem ID is configured as the default addressee, every single data frame sent by themodem will be automatically sent to this default addressee.

Consequently, the data frames neednt to be addressed anymore.


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When applications need more than 32 clients, the network mode cannot be used. Theaddressed secured mode can handle up to 255 "clients". Moreover, a server can besimulated, even if it will not handle conflicts like in network mode, by using register S256 onall clients:

The maximum network number is 255The maximum of client per network is 255.



User ATS220=9 // Addressed secured mode selection

Modem OK

User ATS250=1 // Network ID = 1Modem OK

User ATS252=255 // Modem ID = 255Modem OK



User ATS220=9 // Addressed secured mode selectionModem OK

User ATS250=1 // Network ID = 1


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Modem OK

User ATS252=X // Modem ID = X (1 to 254)Modem OK

User ATS256=255 //Default addressee = 255, i.e. simulated serverModem OK


Configuring S256 with the servers ID will impose the client to transmit every single radioframe to the server only. In the same way, up to 254 clients can be configured with asimulated server.

Such configurations are equivalent to a 120 clients common server/client network mode asmodems cannot communicate with each other but only with a single one, equivalent tosimulated server that does not handle conflicts.

The S255 register contains network management flags and some of them are used inAddressed Secured mode.

This register is 1 byte long, and each bit is used as a flag. 5 or 6 bits are used in networkmanagement, according to the type of modem used.

indicates whether the received frame begins with the sender's ID (=1) or not (=0). Thisis used if some modems are connected to "non intelligent" systems unable to handle theframe header.

: indicates whether the received frame ends with the Carriage Return character (0x0D)(=1) or not (=0).

: indicates whether the header format in Transmission (and in reception, if the Bit 'N'is activated) is ASCII (1=Data) (=0) or Numeric (Data) (=1).

: Indicates if the OK or 'ERROR' status should be returned after each radiotransmission (=0) or not (=1)


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: Used in Network mode only

: In case of a Numeric Header (bit 'NHd'=1) indicates if the header is on 1 bit (=0) or 2bits (=1). Used if you have more than 255 modems in your system.

The secured algorithm described in the secured transparent mode also applies to AddressedSecured mode.

Considering that the secured transparent mode is only suitable for point-to-point

communications, there is a slight difference with the Addressed Secured mode, designed forpoint-to-multipoint communications.

Basically, if nothing is received after a delay equivalent to 3 serial time-outs after the flowcontrol signal activation, the following frame will be considered as going to a new modemand must be preceded by a header. If something is received during this delay, it will beconsidered as going to the same unit and a header is not necessary. This way, a long framecan be sent. It will be split by the flow control, but all the parts will arrive to the modemidentified by the header.

When using the flow control, it is strongly advised to limit the buffer size to less than the

maximum size (e.g. 180 characters limitation for a maximum buffer of 200 characters) inorder to handle the flow control management time of the host system.

1=ABCD

OK ABCD

1=ABCDE..... (s218 car)OK

ZYXWOK

ABCDE...

ZYXW

ACKDelay < 3 x S214 after RT off

ACK

ACK


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1= ABCDE..... (s218 car)

OK

ZYXW ERROR 45 (Header invalid)

ABCDE...

Dela > 3 x S214 after RT offACK


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User ATS220=9 // Addressed secured mode selection

Modem OK


User ATS252=x // Modem ID = x (1 to 255)Modem OK

User ATS223=5 // Number of retries = 5Modem OK

User ATS216=0 // Hardware flow control selectionModem OK

User ATS218=180 // Buffer size = 180Modem OK


ACK


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Waiting

ACK

ACK


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7

NETWORK Mode

Various applications and installations, such as barcode readers or simultaneous accessdevices, do not include their own network management.

In order to connect and operate peripherals in network when the surrounding application do

not include intelligent clients, Telit RF radio modems can be configured to operate a networkcomposed of one unique server and up to 32 clients.

Based on a Dynamic Time Reservation principle, the network mode notably assures andwarranty collision avoidance, the server giving priorities to its clients.It also assure fast client/server connections, so that the network mode managesautomatically data sealing, addressing and security. It also allows easy management ofclients (i.e. creation, deletion, table update, etc...).

The modems acquisition can be either automatic or manual and can be configured via thenetwork configuration parameter, accessible via S255 register.

:

Communication channel: Accessible via S200 register. Only modems on the same channelcan communicate together.

Network ID: Accessible via S250 register. Only members of the same network can

communicate together. The Client ID, accessible via S252 register, is automatically set to 255 for a server.

Communication channel: It must be configured in accordance with the server

The new client is automatically integrated in the network when coming into the servers

range. The network ID and a client ID are automatically assigned to the new client by the Server

which updates its database (number of clients, accessible via S254 register)


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Communication channel: Accessible via S200 register. Only modems on the same channel

can communicate together. Network ID: Accessible via S250 register. Only members of the same network can

communicate together. The Client ID, accessible via S252 register, is automatically set to 255 for a server. Number of clients: Accessible via S254 register. It depends on the total number of clients to

be implemented in the network.

Communication channel: It must be configured in accordance with the server. Network ID: It must be configured in accordance with the server. Client ID: Accessible via S252 register. It must be different for each client.

The new client is automatically integrated in the network when coming into the servers range.

(Automatic acquisition mode only):

Client disconnection, Client database update request on the server side (ATMX command, see network commandstable on next page).

(Automatic acquisition mode only): Client disconnection, Client database update request on the server side (ATMX), Client configuration and automatic set-up (see client configuration and acquisition).

(Automatic acquisition mode only): Server disconnection,

New server configuration with identical parameters (See server configuration), New server connection, Client database update request (ATMX), Every installed clients are automatically identified and managed by the new server.

Data transmission are fully verified, On client level, the modem acts as in transparent mode, just adding flow control, On server transmission level, clients are identified with a specific number added at the

beginning of data frames. Example: 1=Hello sends the data frame Hello to client N1. On server reception level, transmitting clients are recognised by the number starting the

data frame. Example:002=Helloindicates that data frameHellocomes from client N2.


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The server may add an ending carriage return (CR) after each received data frame.

Example: 002=1458003=4587 indicates that data frame 1458 comes fromclient N2 and data frame 4587 comes from client N3.

The S255 register contains network management flags and some of them are used inAddressed Secured mode.This register is 1 byte long, and each bit is used as a flag. 5 or 6 bits are used in networkmanagement, according to the type of modem used.

indicates whether the received frame begins with the sender's ID (=1) or not (=0). Thisis used if some modems are connected to "non intelligent" systems unable to handle theframe header.

Example: 002=Hello indicates that frame Hello comes from client N2.

indicates whether the received frame ends with the Carriage Return character (0x0D)(=1) or not (=0).

Example: 002=1458003=4587 indicates data frame 1458 comes from clientN2 and data frame 4587 comes from client N3.

indicates whether the header format in Transmission (and in reception, if the Bit 'N'is activated) is ASCII (1=Data) (=0) or Numeric (Data) (=1).

Indicates if the OK or 'ERROR' status should be returned after each radiotransmission (=0) or not (=1)

When set to 0, the network acquisition process is automatic, When set to 1, thenetwork acquisition process is manual. See automatic and manual acquisition description.

In case of a Numeric Header (bit 'NHd'=1) indicates if the header is on 1 bit (=0) or 2bits (=1). Not need to use in Network because Server can manage 32 clients only.

When acquisition is automatic, the network mode is operated through specific commandsavailable on the server only, as clients act as transparent modems. Each command can be

Bits 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0- - 2NHd Ret Acq NHd CR N


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operated either in Hayes mode or in network mode (server). In Hayes mode, commands start

by ATM so that the modem identifies network commands.

Description

Client Deletion

Enables the user to erase manually the ID of a client in the servers databasebut does not alter the clients capacity.

S or ATMSExample:User ATMS1 // Client N1 deletion in Hayes modeModem OK

User S2 // Client N2 deletion in network modeModem OK

Displays clients listing saved and managed by the server internal database

Example:User ATML // Client listing in Hayes modeModem Client List: 3/5 // 5 clients registered, N2 & 4 deleted

1;3;5

User L // Client listing in network modeModem Client List: 3/51;3;5

Active client assessment

Displays active clients listing. In case a client is currently disconnected (i.e.failure, shortage, switched off, etc), it would not be considered by thecommand. This command lasts for about 1 second.

B or ATMB

Example:User ATMB // Active client assessment in Hayes modeModem Client Status: 2/5 // 5 clients registered, 2 clients presents

1;5; // N2, 3 & 4 not present

User B // Active client assessment in network modeModem Client Status: 2/5

1;5;


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Client database updatingDisplays the active clients list AND updates the servers internal database. Incase a client is currently disconnected (i.e. failure, shortage, switched off,etc), it would not be considered by the command.Therefore, it is imperative to check that all the clients linked to the currentserver are active before launching this command (e.g. with B or ATMB). Thiscommand lasts for about 1 second.

X or ATMX Example:User ATMX // Client updating in Hayes modeModem Client Update: 2/5

1;5;

User X // Client updating in network modeModem Client Update: 2/5

1;5;

The example below shows an example of how to use the network commands described above,resulting in a servers internal database update.

User L // Client listing

Modem Client List: 3/51;3;5 // Indicates the server manages 3 modems

User B // Client assessmentModem Client Status: 2/5

1;5 // Indicates that only 2 modems are active.

User L // Client listingModem Client List: 3/5

1;3;5 // List unchanged

User X // Client updatingModem Client Update: 2/5

1;5;

User L // Client listingModem Client List: 2/5

1;5 // Updated client list


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Data frames can easily be broadcast from the server to the whole network, i.e. servers dataframes can easily be transmitted to all clients of the same network simultaneously.

In order to broadcast a data frame, it must be addressed to a null client ID. For example,0=Hello sends the frame Hello to all clients of the same network

In this case, the server, which considers all transmission as successful, awaits noacknowledgement, i.e. it considers that all clients did receive the frame.

The secured algorithm described in the secured transparent mode also applies to Networkmode.

Considering that the secured transparent mode is only suitable for point-to-pointcommunications, there is a slight difference with the Network mode, designed for point-to-multipoint communications.

Basically, on the server, if nothing is received after a delay equivalent to 3 serial time-outsafter the flow control signal activation, the following frame will be considered as going to a

new modem and must be preceded by a header. If something is received during this delay, itwill be considered as going to the same unit and a header is not necessary. This way, a longframe can be sent. It will be split by the flow control, but all the parts will arrive to themodem identified by the header.

When using the flow control, it is strongly advised to limit the buffer size to less than themaximum size (e.g. 180 characters limitation for a maximum buffer of 200 characters) inorder to handle the flow control management time of the host system.

User +++ // Switch to Hayes modeModem OKUser ATS200=0 // Communication Channel n 0Modem OKUser ATS220=4 // Network server mode selectionModem OKUser ATS250=1 // Network ID = 1Modem OK


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User ATS255=9 // Sets manual acquisition (1)

Modem OKUser ATS254=2 // Number of client = 2 (1)Modem OKUser ATS223=5 // Number of retries = 5Modem OKUser ATS216=0 // Hardware flow control selectionModem OKUser ATS218=180 // Buffer size = 180Modem OKUser ATO // Switch to operating modeModem OK(1) = Only for manual acquisition

User +++ // Switch to Hayes modeModem OKUser ATS200=0 // Communication Channel n 0Modem OKUser ATS220=5 // Network client mode selectionModem OK

User ATS255=24 // Sets manual acquisition(1)

Modem OKUser ATS250=1 // Network ID = 1 (1)Modem OKUser ATS252=x // Client ID= x (1)Modem OKUser ATS223=5 // Number of retries = 5Modem OKUser ATS216=0 // Hardware flow control selectionModem OKUser ATS218=180 // Buffer size = 180

Modem OKUser ATO // Switch to operating modeModem OK(1) = Only for manual acquisition

Note: S255=1 (ID On, CR Off,NH Off, Ret On)

Server Client N1 Client N2


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1=ABCD

OK ABCD-

2=EFGH -

EFGH

1=Test1

2=Test2OK

OK

Test1

Test2

1=Hello2=Hello

OK Hello2=Hello

-

ACK

ACK

Delay > S214ACK

ACK

ACK


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8

REPEATER MODE

Whenever a radio modem is out of the communication range, one or several additional unitmay be added between the transmitting unit and the receiving unit in order to increase thisrange and therefore guarantee the radio coverage continuity.

The additional units, called repeaters or relays, should be configured in repeater mode andshall retransmit back and forth each received radio data from one unit to the remote one.

Basically, the repeater modem operates on two radio channels: one for the transmitting unitand one for the receiving unit. The second communication channel parameter is accessiblevia S207 register. Moreover, the transmitting and receiving units should be warned thatrepeaters are used. This parameter (number of repeaters) is accessible via S225 register.

The data Management is as follow:The repeater modem runs a permanent channel scanning of both operating modems.Whenever a modem starts a data frame transmission, the repeater focuses on thetransmitting modems radio channel and receives the data frame.After reception, the repeater switches to the receiving modems channel and transmits thereceived data frame to the second modemWhen the transmission is over, the repeater switches back to channel scanning


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The repeater mode is compatible with transparent, secured transparent and addressedsecured modes only.

When using repeaters, the carrier length of the end units (non-repeater units) should beincreased to 10 ms.

When using repeaters, the data frames should be restricted the buffer size, especially intransparent mode.

Adding n repeaters divides the apparent radio speed by 2n

. Therefore, it is advised to use amaximum of 6 repeaters even if up to 10 repeaters would be allowed.

User +++ // Switch to Hayes modeModem OKUser ATS200=0 // Communication channel # 0

Modem OKUser ATS220=1 // Transparent mode selectionModem OKUser ATS225=1 // Number of repeater = 1Modem OKUser ATO // Switch to operating modeModem OK

User +++ // Switch to Hayes mode

Modem OKUser ATS200=0 // Communication channel n 0Modem OKUser ATS220=8 // Repeater mode selectionModem OKUser ATS207=5 // Second communication channel 5Modem OKUser ATO // Switch to operating modeModem OK


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User +++ // Switch to Hayes modeModem OKUser ATS200=5 // Communication channel #5Modem OKUser ATS220=1 // Transparent mode selectionModem OKUser ATS225=1 // Number of repeater = 1Modem OKUser ATO // Switch to operating modeModem OK

Channel 0 Channel 5

Channel 0 Channel 5


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9

TELEMETRY MODE

This mode allows users to consult or modify digital and/or analog ports status on remoteunits by radio means either as a telemetry server or as a telemetry client.In addition, the network mode described in paragraph 6 can be combined with this telemetrymode in order to operate on several telemetric stations (i.e. clients) simultaneously.

Finally, the telemetry mode enables a Telit RF modems input copy on another remote unitaccording to a specific programming (Status copy protocol): this is the I/O copy mode.

I/O ports can be managed in three different ways:

Directly: Using the I/O registers (S26x to S28x); each analog or digital port can be configured,modified or consulted through AT commands.

Remotely: Using telemetry client(s), analog and/or digital ports can be operated (consultedor modified) from a telemetry server through telemetry commands. (See modification andinterrogation commands below).

I/O Copy: Suitable for both point-to-point and point-to-multipoint links, all units operateautonomously (i.e. no PC connection is needed) and are configured so that they act asmirrors: an input port on a server corresponds to an output port on a client, and vice-versa.Each variation on a unit port is immediately operated on the remote units corresponding

port. This mode can only be operated with I/O ports. See I/O copy description below.

In order to write a client I/O port value, the following commands should be used:Write: W=Value or W [Client_ID] =Value

Examples:User W=10 // Set I/O value at 10 (0x0A). (Point to point mode).Modem OK or ERROR xx // Response good or bad transmission.


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User W2=10 // Set I/O value at 10 for Modem N2 (Multipoint mode).

Modem OK or ERROR xx // Response good or bad transmission.

In order to read a client I/O port value, the following commands should be used :Read: R or RClient_IDResult: R0=S260; S270; S281; S282; ...; S285

or RClient_ID=S260; S270; S281; S282;...; 285or ERROR xx

Examples:User R // Read I/O value. (Point to point mode).Modem R0=10; 255; 00 // Response with I/O values.

User R2 // Read I/O value of Modem N2 (Multipointmode).Modem R2=10; 255; 00 // Response with I/O values.

The I/O copy mode requires the configuration of three additional parameters:

I/O Copy status: Accessible via S263 register. If activated, the Telemetry Server Modem shallset-up a permanent dialog (I/O Ports status exchange, including a status updating in eachtransaction) with the Telemetry Clients. The dialog starts at power-up or after an ATOcommand.If the I/O copy is not activated, no dialog can be self-started and the server must wait forcommands coming from the serial link.

Telemetry server stand-by time: Accessible via S264 register. It indicates the stand-by time

of the server modem. Whenever a Telemetry server receives a data frame sent by atelemetry client, it shall instantly modify its port status accordingly.After compliance with the stand-by time, the Telemetry server shall confirm its port statusto the telemetry client.In case the parameter is set to zero, there shall be no stand-by time and answer shall becarried out immediately.

Telemetry client stand-by time: Accessible via S265 register. It indicates the stand-by time ofthe client modem. Whenever a Telemetry client receives a data frame sent by a Telemetryserver, it shall instantly modify its port status accordingly.After compliance with the stand-by time, the Telemetry client shall confirm its port status to

the telemetry server.


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In case the parameter is set to zero, there shall be no stand-by time and answer shall be

carried, out immediately.

These three registers need to be set on the server only. It will send these settings to theclients with each I/O update frame.

I/O ports are CMOS technology ports and are therefore limited in current, especially whenconfigured as an output. The ports therefore need to be connected to an interface such asopto-couplers or relays.

It is strongly recommended not to connect directly the ports to any relays. Here are someconnections examples :

Output port for relay: Input port:

In I/O copy mode, unused ports should always be configured as outputs. Moreover, if severalclients have the same port configuration, the port will toggle at each servers interrogation.

In I/O copy mode, no data frames can be transmitted between modems


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User ATS200=0 // Communication channel # 0Modem OK

User ATS220=6 // Telemetry server mode selection

Modem OK


User ATS260=Z // I/O ports configuration (1)Modem OK

User ATS270=Y // I/O ports values (2)Modem OK


(1) = For M433MC units, analog I/O ports are configured via S262 register(2) = For M433MC units, analog I/O ports values are configured via S272 and S273 registers



User ATS220=7 // Telemetry client mode selectionModem OK


User ATS252=X // Client ID = XModem OK


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User ATS260=Zx // I/O ports configuration(1)

Modem OK

User ATS270=Yx // I/O ports values (2)

Modem OK


(1) = For M433MC units, analog I/O ports are configured via S262 register(2) = For M433MC units, analog I/O ports values are configured via S272 and S273 registers

Server

ACK

ACK

ACK

ACK


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User +++ // Switch to Hayes modeModem OKUser ATS200=0 // Communication channel # 0Modem OKUser ATS220=6 // Telemetry server mode selectionModem OK

User ATS250=1 // Network ID = 1Modem OKUser ATS254=Y // Number of client = YModem OKUser ATS260=Z // I/O ports configuration (1)Modem OKUser ATS263=1 // I/O Copy mode selectionModem OKUser ATS264=1 // Telemetry server stand-by time = 1 sModem OKUser ATS265=1 // Telemetry clients stand-by time = 1 s

Modem OKUser ATO // Switch to operating modeModem OK

(1) = For M433MC units, analog I/O ports are configured via S262 register


User ATS200=0 // Communication channel # 0Modem OKUser ATS220=7 // Telemetry client mode selectionModem OKUser ATS250=1 // Network ID = 1Modem OKUser ATS252=X // Client ID = XModem OKUser ATS260=Z

x // I/O ports configuration (1)

Modem OKUser ATO // Switch to operating modeModem OK


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(1)

= For M433MC units, analog I/O ports are configured via S262 register

Input reading

Outputs update

Server Waiting

Inputs reading

Outputs update

Server Waiting

Input reading

Outputs update

Client Waiting

Inputs reading

Outputs update

Client Waiting

And So On

Outputs updateClient Waiting

Inputs reading

ACK

ACK

ACK

ACK


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10

DEMO MODE

The demonstration mode is similar to a transparent mode, but the units are communicatingcontinuously with 100-byte data frames. It allows the user to test the operation of Telit RFradio modems.Basically it shall be used for performance range tests as it allows removing the serialconnection and moving the radio module around.

To configure the modems to demo mode, only the operating mode, accessible via S220register, needs to be modified:If S220 is set to 10 (ATS220=10), the unit is configured as Master in Demo mode.If S220 is set to 11 (ATS220=11), the unit is configured as Slave in Demo mode.

The demo mode is similar to a transparent mode, but the units are communicatingcontinuously:The master sends data frames to the slave : its red LED flashesThe slave receives data: its green LED flashes and the slave sends back data to the master ifthe data was received correctly: its red LED flashesThe slave does not receive data: both LEDs are offThe master receives back data: its green LED is flashing and the master restarts theprocess after 100 msThe master does not receive back data: its green LED stays off and the master restarts theprocess after 100 ms


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User ATS220=10 // Master demo mode selection

Modem OK




User ATS220=11 // Slave demo mode selectionModem OK



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11

Appendix

It is recommended to use the power supply and serial cable provided by Telit RF with themodem.

The radio environment should be closely studied prior to any installation with a spectrumanalyzer in order to determine whether and where the installation will be optimal.

In case of outdoor installations, IP casings are recommended.

In case of a ceiling installation, the modem should be mounted upside down for a betterradiation.

A 1 m distance between two modems should be respected under 25 mW power output, atleast 2 m at 100 mW and 3 m at 500 mW.

Demo Frame

And So On ...

Demo Frame

100ms

Demo Frame

Demo Frame

Demo Frame

Demo Frame

Demo Frame


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The modems should be located as high and as free as possible so that a line of sight

propagation is established between modems.

The modem should not be surrounded by metallic masses because of the disturbancescaused by a reflection phenomena.

The electrical disturbances can come from various sources and should be avoided9 Engines9 High current devices9 Power relays9 Transformers9 Etc...

The radio disturbances should also be avoided:9 System in the same frequency band such as cars remote control systems.9 Systems in a nearby frequency band such as high power (2 W) talkie-walkie.9 Vibrations and/or shocks can also be source of disturbances. It is therefore

advised to mount the modems on silent-blocks in order to stabilise it whenevernecessary.

Distances, obstacles and weather conditions can strongly affect radio communications and causedisturbances as well as communication breakdowns :

* : Attenuations increase along with the frequency. In some cases, it is thereforedifficult to determine loss and attenuation value.

Note : The table above is only indicative. The real values will depend on the installation