temperature. celsius & kelvin temperature scales boiling point of water freezing point of water...
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Celsius & Kelvin Temperature Scales
Boiling pointof water
Freezing pointof water
Absolutezero
Celsius
100Celsiusdegrees
100oC
0oC
-273oC
Kelvin
100Kelvins
373 K
273 K
0 K
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Temperature is Average Kinetic Energy
Fast Slow“HOT” “COLD”
Kinetic Energy (KE) = ½ m v 2
*Vector = gives direction and magnitude
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Temperature Scales
Fahrenheit
212 oF
180 oF
32 oF
Celcius
100 oC
100 oC
0 oC
Kelvin
373 K
100 K
273 K
Boiling point of water
Freezing point of water
Notice that 1 kelvin degree = 1 degree Celcius1 kelvin degree = 1 degree Celcius
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Kelvin Scale
blue
white
yellow
4300 K PIAA HID Bulb
5000 K PIAA Plasma Blue
5250 K Sunlight
4150 K PIAA Xtreme White
3800 K PIAA Super White
3200 K Halogen Bulb
2600 K Incandescent Bulb
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Temperature Scales
Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 136
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Compare Celsius to Fahrenheit
oF – 32 = 1.8 oC
Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 139
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Converting 70 degrees Celsius to
Kelvin units.
oC + 273 = K
Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 137
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Temperature Scales
• Temperature can be subjective and so fixed scales had to be introduced.
• The boiling point and freezing point of water are two such points.• Celsius scale (oC)
– The Celsius scale divides the range from freezing to boiling into 100 divisions.
– Original scale had freezing as 100 and boiling as 0.
– Today freezing is 0 oC and boiling is 100 oC.
• Fahrenheit scale (oF)• Mercury and alcohol thermometers rely on thermal expansion
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Thermal Expansion
• Most objects e-x-p-a-n-d when heated• Large structures such as bridges must be
built to leave room for thermal expansion• All features expand together
COLDHOT
Cracks in sidewalk.
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Equal Masses of Hot and Cold Water
Thin metal wall
Insulated box Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 291
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Water Molecules in Hot and Cold Water
Hot water Cold Water90 oC 10 oC
Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 291
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Water Molecules in the same temperature water
Water(50 oC)
Water(50 oC)
Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 291
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Heat versus Temperature
Kinetic energy
Fra
ctio
ns o
f pa
rtic
les
lower temperature
higher temperature
TOTALKinetic ENERGY
= Heat= Heat
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Molecular Velocities
speed
Fra
ctio
ns o
f pa
rtic
les many different molecular speeds
molecules sorted by speed
the Maxwell speed distribution
http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/gases/slides/sld016.htm
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Temperature vs. Heat
Measuredwith a
Calorimeter
TotalKineticEnergy
Joules(calories)
Measuredwith a
Thermometer
AverageKineticEnergy
oCelcius(or Kelvin)
Alike Different
A Propertyof
Matter
HaveKineticEnergy
Heat
Different
Topic Topic
Temperature
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Conservation of Matter
Reactants yield Products
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Heavy Metal Poisoning
Exposure to mercurymade the Hatter “mad”.
Eating chips of lead paint causes brain damage.
TREATMENT: Chelation therapy EDTA (ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid)
Arsenic treated lumber.‘Green-treated’ woodwill not rot outdoors for 50 years.