temperature independent gun propellants based on nc and … · 2017. 5. 19. · low temperature...

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Dr. Dietmar Mueller

Fraunhofer Institut Chemische Technologie ( ICT ),

D-76327 Pfinztal, [email protected]

Walter Langlotz

Diehl BGT Defence GmbH & Co. KG

D -

90552 Roethenbach a. d. Pegnitz, Germany

2009 Insensitive Munitions and Energetic Materials Technology Symposium

May 11 -

14, 2009

Tucson, Az, U.S.A.

Temperature Independent Gun Propellants Based On NC And DNDA For IM Ammunition

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Content

Introduction

Processing Technology

Low Temperature Coefficient (LTC) Propellants

●

Temperature Behaviour, Closed Vessel

Results

●

Characteristics of the Propellant Components

Propellant Performance, Safety & Sensitivity Data ●

Long -

Term Storage Stability

●

Influence of the Crystalline Components●

IM Characteristic of the Propellant

●

Shaped Charge Tests●

Erosivity

Gun Firing in different Calibers

PELE Cartridge

Results & Conclusion

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Since approx. 100 years are known the Nitrocellulose Propellants

Self -

Ignition Temperature ~ 175 °C

Also the Multi Base Propellants like SCDB and EI, ECL Propellants are

giving the Self -

Ignition at ~ 175 °C

Nitrocellulose Propellants based on DNDA and RDX the LTC Propellants are showing

First Generation

Self -

Ignition Temperature 200 -

210 °C

Second Generation

Self -

Ignition Temperature > 220 °C ( Eurofighter Propellant etc. )

Introduction

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Continuous Process -

Shear Roll Mill

-

Twin Screw Extruder (TSE) ZSK 58E

Batch Process -

Kneader

/ Mixer

-

Rampress

Processing Technology for Insensitive Gun Propellants based on DNDA

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Shear Roll Mill (Continuous Process)

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DNDA Gun

Propellants

RDX ( or FOX-7, FOX-12

)

Binder, Nitrocellulose

DNDA Plasticizer

energy

density

adaptable

flame

temperature

approx. 500 K lower

compared to NC Propellants

Plasticizer

mixed

into

the

Propellant

-

Dough

NO SURFACE COATING

Formulation Impetus (J/g) Flame Temp (K) Mw (g/mole) A 1080 2540 19.4 B 1180 2910 20.8 C 1300 3390 21.6

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0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.00.00

0.25

0.50

0.75

1.00

1.25

1.50

1.75

Los 190705 - Temperaturbeschuß bei =0.2g/ml in Vb=310 ml

343 K 336 K 323 K 294 K 233 K

Lebh

aftig

keit

[1/(M

Pa*s

)]

relativer Abbrand z

Closed Vessel Behaviour of LTC PropellantsVivacity of Gun Propellant based on DNDARange -40 °C till +70 °C

LOS 190705 -

Firing at different temperatures ∆=0.2g/ml in Vb

=310ml

p / pm

Viv

acity

[1/

MP

a*s

]

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0

0,02

0,04

0,06

0,08

0,1

0,12

0,14

0,16

0,18

0,2

0,22

0,24

. -40°C 0°C 10°C 21°C 30°C 50°C

propellant temperature (°C)

linea

r bur

ning

rate

(m/s

)

3000 bar

2500 bar

2000 bar

1500 bar

Linear burning rate of LTC Propellants at different pressures

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ARC Measurement of several Nitrocellulose (NC) Types

NC M30 NC CP2 P10

NC 66

NC 53

0,01

0,1

1

10

120 130 140 150 160 170Temp. [°C]

Acce

lera

ting

Rat

e [°

C/M

in.]

Acc

eler

atin

g R

ate

[°C

/min

].

Temp. [°C]

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ARC Measurements of RDX, FOX-12 and DNDA

0,01

0,1

1

10

100

120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260Temp. [ °C ]

Acc

eler

atin

g R

ate

[ °C

/min

]

FOX-12

RDX

FOX-7DNDA

Acc

eler

atin

g R

ate

[°C

/min

].

Temp. [°C]

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ARC DNDA-5,7 compared with NENA

DNDA

NENA

DNDA

0,01

0,1

1

10

100

120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260Temp. [°C]

Acc

eler

atin

g R

ate

[°C

/min

]..A

ccel

erat

ing

Rat

e [°

C/m

in].

Temp. [°C]

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Heat - Development at 89°C

DNDA 120401WH

DNDA 120401WH Q

-13

-11

-9

-7

-5

-3

-1

1

0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5 4,0

Time(Days)

dQ/dt (µW/g)

-0,03

-0,02

-0,02

-0,01

-0,01

0,00Q (J/g)

Microcalorimeter Result of DNDA-5,7 Endothermic Behaviour

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ARC Accelerating Rate Investigations of DNDA -

Propellants

compared with CAB-Lova, M30, Single Base and Double Base

Single BaseCAB-LOVAM30-TLP

DB

180707E 02/01

E 03/01

0,01

0,1

1

10

100

110 130 150 170 190 210

Acc

eler

atin

g R

ate

[°C

/min

].

Temp. [°C]

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DNDA Propellant90°C

00,30,60,91,21,51,82,12,42,7

3

0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30

Days [d]

ML [%]

MV-MittelML average

Long -

Term Storage Stability at 90 °C Mass -

Loss over Time

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RDX

i-RDX

FOX-7

FOX-12

Pictures of RDX, FOX-7, FOX-12

RD

XR

DX

i-RD

X

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Influence of the Crystalline Components onto Compression Test

RDX

FOX-7

FOX-12

Crystalline Energetics Compression -

Test Vivacity

RDX -

TLP

FOX-7 -

TLP

FOX-12 -

TLP

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.00.00

0.25

0.50

0.75

1.00

1.25

1.50

Los 020508 im Kompressionstest - Beschuss bei =0.2g/ml in Vb=307 ml

020508 nach Kompressionstest 020508 original

Lebh

aftig

keit

[1/(M

Pa*

s)]

relativer Abbrand z

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.00.00

0.25

0.50

0.75

1.00

1.25

1.50



Lebh

aftig

keit

[1/(M

Pa*

s)]

relativer Abbrand z

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.00.00

0.25

0.50

0.75

1.00

1.25

1.50



Lebh

aftig

keit

[1/(M

Pa*

s)]

relativer Abbrand z

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RDX

FOX-7

FOX-12

Crystalline Energetics Light Microscope Pictures Shaped Charge Test Cart. 35mm

Influence of the Crystalline Components onto Shaped Charge Test

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Shaped Charge Tests

DNDA Propellant ICT 1 ( RDX ), ICT 20 ( i-RDX )

Class A Class A

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ICT 3

Class B

Shaped Charge Test

DNDA Propellant ICT 3, Class B Test Result

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Shaped Charge Test

DNDA Propellant ICT 23, Class A Test Result

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FOX-12 Prop.

RDX Prop.

RDX Prop. ICT 1

FOX-7 Prop

ICT 23

i-RDX Prop. ICT 20

RDX Prop. mod. DNDA

ICT 3Reaktion Class Shaped Charge Test 35 mm cal.

O no

ReactionA A A A B

Friction Sensitivity [ N ] 240 290 288 252 240 240

Impact Sensitivity [ Nm ] 6,0 6,5 6,0 7,5 6,0 5,0

Self-Ignition Temp. [ °C ] ~ 170 * > 220 * ~ 220 ~ 200 ~ 216 ~ 219

1“ Detonation Tube

MG 50 /12.7 mm cal. * *

* WIWEB Results

* no Detonation

Sensitivity Data of different DNDA -

Propellants

IM Reaction Type 5 ( MIL – STD 2105 B )

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0

5

10

15

20

25

30

900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200

Force (J/g)

mas

s lo

ss (%

)

double base

double base

triple base

triple base

single base

single base

single base

LTC 1

LTC 2LTC 3

LTC 4

LTC 5

Erosivity of LTC Propellants and Conventional Propellants

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2200

2600

3000

3400

3800

4200

15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55

Prop 2

Prop 1

Prop 3

max

imum

gas

pre

ssur

e (b

ar)

Propellant temperature (°C)

40 mm cal. Gun Firing Tests of 3 LTC Propellants based on DNDA, NC, RDX

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gas pressure

vs

temp. muzzle

velocity

vs

temp.

Test Firing

Gun

40

mm cal. Propellant

based on Fox-7, NC, DNDA-5,7

Beschuss Kal. 40 mm, Los 080308, FOX - 7 TLP

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

0 20 40 60 80Temp. [°C)

P max

[bar

]

40 mm cal. L70, Los 080308,

FOX-7 Propellant Beschuss Kal. 40 mm, Los 080308, FOX 7 - TLP

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

0 20 40 60 80Temp. [°C]

V 10 [

m/s

]

40 mm cal. L70, Los 080308,

FOX-7 Propellant

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Beschusss Kal. 40 mm L70, Los 140108, FOX - 12 TLP

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

0 20 40 60 80Temp. [C°]

P max

[bar

]

40 mm cal. L70, Los 140108,

FOX-12 Propellant Beschuss Kal. 40 mm L70, Los 140108, FOX - 12 TLP

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

0 20 40 60 80Temp. [°C]

V max

[m/s

]

40 mm cal. L70, Los 140108,

FOX-12 Propellant

Propellant based on FOX-12, NC, DNDA-5,7

Test Firing Gun 40 mm cal.

muzzle

velocity

vs

temp.gas pressure

vs

temp.

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V o vs T

1500

1550

1600

1650

1700

1750

Temp. [ °C ]V

o [

m /

s ] JA 2

LTC Prop

- 40 + 21 + 50

P m vs T

3000350040004500500055006000

Temp. [ °C ]

P m

[ ba

r ]

- 40 + 21 + 50

JA 2

LTC Prop

Test Firing

in 75 mm cal. Model Gun ( Diehl BGT )Optimized

propellant

for

firing

at 21°C, RDX, DNDA based

muzzle

velocity

vs

temp.gas pressure

vs

temp.

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1500

1550

1600

1650

1700

1750

V o

in [

m /

s ]

- 40 + 21 + 50Temp. [°C]

LTC-Prop. 2

Test Firing

in 75 mm cal. Model Gun ( Diehl BGT )Performance optimized propellant, RDX, DNDA based

muzzle

velocity

vs

temp.gas pressure

vs

temp.

JA2

3000350040004500500055006000

Pm [

bar ]

JA2

- 40 + 21 + 50Temp. [°C]

LTC-Prop. 2

P m vs T V o vs T

JA2

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2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

5500

6000

-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80


max

. pre

ssur

e (b

ar)

pressure limit

EF Propellant

Gun Firing 27 mm cal. Eurofighter

pressure vs temperature

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800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

1200

-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80


muz

zle

velo

city

(m/s

)

EF Propellant

Gun Firing 27 mm cal. Eurofighter

muzzle velocity vs temperature

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EF Propellant 27 mm cal. Eurofighter PELE -

Cartridge

Combustion Temperature

2900 K Gun Erosion like Single Base Propellant

Force

1140 J/g

Ignition Temperature > 220 °C

Cook -

off Cartridge 27 mm cal.

27 mm Gun Tube Mauser, MATE ( Mauser )

Q 5560

( Ref. Prop. ) 125 °C 3,5 h Ignition

EF -

Propellant 125 °C

8,5 h No Ignition

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PELE®

projectile DM 83 and DM 93 (with tracer)

EF DNDA gun propellant

PELE Cartridge 27 mm cal.PELE = Penetrator with Enhanced Lateral Efficiency

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LTC Propellants

based on DNDA-5,7 and RDX for a wide

Caliber

-

Range

Excellent Shaped Charge Test Results ( Reaction Class A )

High Self-Ignition Temperature > 220 °C

Insensitive, Reaction Type 5 ( MIL -

STD 2105 B ) IM Characteristic

MG 12.7 mm cal. firing on Steel Tube with propellant

Excellent

Long-Term

Stability

Low Combustion Temperature at High Force and Low Gun Tube Erosion

Less Sensitive in Hot Gun Tube ( MATE )

Propellant Charge for Eurofighter Gun, 27 mm cal. PELE Cartridge

Results

&

Conclusion

Temperature Independent Gun Propellants�Based On NC And DNDA For IM AmmunitionSlide Number 2Slide Number 3Slide Number 4Slide Number 5Slide Number 6Slide Number 7Slide Number 8Slide Number 9Slide Number 10Slide Number 11Slide Number 12Slide Number 13Slide Number 14Slide Number 15Slide Number 16Slide Number 17Slide Number 18Slide Number 19Slide Number 20Slide Number 21Slide Number 22Slide Number 23Slide Number 24Slide Number 25Slide Number 26Slide Number 27Slide Number 28Slide Number 29Slide Number 30Slide Number 31Slide Number 32

temperature independent gun propellants based on nc and … · 2017. 5. 19. · low temperature...

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