Computer Computer Science:Science:

IntroductionIntroductionToTo

Introduction to Past, Present , Introduction to Past, Present , TrendsTrends

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Early History of Computing

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Engineering Roots

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Made one

Lady Ada Byron – first programmer

George Boole

• Boolean Algebra

• Used to establish inequalities:

• symoblic use of <, or >, or <>

• Used in computer switching

• Modern use in library searches

The Birth of the Micro Computer 1975

Finally, The Computer as Man of the Year - 1982

Deep Blue, 1997

Exponential progress

Gordon Moore, 1965

Award

Turing Award, the "Nobel Prize of computing " Gödel Prize, theoretical computer science Dijkstra Prize, distributed computing, $2000 Knuth Prize, foundations of computer science

Eckert–Mauchly award, digital systems and computer architecture

Gordon Bell Prizes, high-performance computing applications, parallel computing

Original Grace Murray Hopper Awards (named after Grace Hopper) , aged 35 or less computer professional with a single, significant technical or service contribution

CHI Academy, Human-computer interaction The Gerard Salton Award ,information retrieval

Turing Award

Turing Machines“…I believe that at the end of the century the use of words and general educated

opinion will have altered so much that one will be able to speak of machines thinking without expecting to be contradicted.”

Research Areas

Algorithms and Complexity AI Computational Molecular Biology Computer Architecture Databases

Formal Methods

Graphics

Human-Computer Interaction

Large-Scale Distributed Systems

Machine Learning

Mobile and Pervasive Computing

Networking Principles of Programming Robotics Security Software Engineering

Power of complexity

Computer Trends

LAN: 10X BW / link / 4-5 years

Internet: Data Centers = new Internet backbone

DRAM: 2X size / chip / 3 years, = latency, > BW

Larger % chips, % power, % $ of systems

Flash: Threat to (small) disks?

Disk: 2X size / disk / 3 years , = latency, > BW

CPU: 2X cores / chip / 2 years, ≤ clock rate, = power

Cell phone/Laptop and Datacenter: Ends of spectrum most interesting platforms of future?

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100+ Cores?

Multicore: 2X / 2 yrs ⇒ ≈ 64 cores in 8 years

Manycore: 8X multicore

Par Lab

80x86UniprocessorsNo longer sold

16-way MP laptopsfor sale in 2011

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1985 1995 2005 2015

Millions of PCs / year

Revolution May Fail

100% failure rate of Parallel Computer Companies

Convex, Encore, MasPar, NCUBE, Kendall Square Research, Sequent, (Silicon Graphics), Transputer, Thinking Machines, …

What if IT goes from a growth industry to areplacement industry?

If SW can’t effectively use 8, 16, 32, ... cores per chip ⇒ SW no faster on new computer ⇒ Only buy if computer wears out

Accelerate trend to SaaS?

Par Lab

Laptop/Handheld as future client, Datacenter as future server

“The Datacenter is the Computer” Building sized computers: Google, MS, …

“The Laptop/Handheld is the Computer” 2007: HP sales laptops > desktops 1B+ Cell phones/yr, increasing in function Apple iPhone raises the bar for

quality and business for cellphones

Functional Programming

Open Source

Web 2.0

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