termodinamika modul kuliah.ppt

8/16/2019 TERMODINAMIKA MODUL KULIAH.ppt

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TERMODINAMIKATERMODINAMIKA

IR. SUGIYANTO, MTIR. SUGIYANTO, MT

Oleh:Oleh:


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REFERENSI:REFERENSI:

1. FUNDAMENTALS of ENGINEERING1. FUNDAMENTALS of ENGINEERINGTHERMODYNAMICSTHERMODYNAMICS

Michael . Mo!a"Michael . Mo!a"

Ho#a!$ N. Sha%i!oHo#a!$ N. Sha%i!o

&. LECTURE NOTES ON THERMODYNAMICS&. LECTURE NOTES ON THERMODYNAMICS

o'e%h M. (o#e!o'e%h M. (o#e!


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1.1. HUKUM TERMODINAMIKAHUKUM TERMODINAMIKA )ERO *)EROTH LA+)ERO *)EROTH LA+

&.&. HUKUM TERMODINAMIKA (ERTAMAHUKUM TERMODINAMIKA (ERTAMA *FIRST LA+*FIRST LA+-.-. HUKUM TERMODINAMIKA KEDUAHUKUM TERMODINAMIKA KEDUA *SECOND LA+*SECOND LA+

.. HUKUM TERMODINAMIKA KEHUKUM TERMODINAMIKA KETIGA *THIRD LA+TIGA *THIRD LA+

/A/ I KONSE( DASAR /A/ I KONSE( DASAR TERMODINAMIKATERMODINAMIKA

(!i"'i% h002 3e!2o$i"a2ia $i40"aa" %a$a 3eo"olo4i(!i"'i% h002 3e!2o$i"a2ia $i40"aa" %a$a 3eo"olo4i

e"e!4i, 2eli%03i:e"e!4i, 2eli%03i: '3ea2 a"$ "0clea! %o#e! %la"3', i"3e!"al'3ea2 a"$ "0clea! %o#e! %la"3', i"3e!"alco250'3io" e"4i"e', 4a' 30!5i"e', ai! co"$i3io"i"4,co250'3io" e"4i"e', 4a' 30!5i"e', ai! co"$i3io"i"4,

!ef!i4e!a3io", 4a' $6"a2ic', 7e3 %!o%0l'io", co2%!e''o!',!ef!i4e!a3io", 4a' $6"a2ic', 7e3 %!o%0l'io", co2%!e''o!',

che2ical %!oce'' %la"3'che2ical %!oce'' %la"3' $a" lai"8lai"$a" lai"8lai"

Te!2o$i"a2iaTe!2o$i"a2ia a$alah il20 6a"4 2e2a$alah il20 6a"4 2e25aha' 3e"3a"45aha' 3e"3a"4

h050"4a"h050"4a" *%e!30a!a"*%e!30a!a" a"3a!aa"3a!a e"e!4ie"e!4i %a"a' $e"4a"%a"a' $e"4a" e"e!4ie"e!4i2ea"i *2ea"i *e!7ae!7a. H050"4a". H050"4a" 3e!'e5033e!'e503 $i$ifo!20la'ifo!20la'ia"a" ee

$ala2$ala2 e2%a3e2%a3 h002 $a'a! 3e!2o$i"a2ia, 6ai30h002 $a'a! 3e!2o$i"a2ia, 6ai30::


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H002 Te!2o$i"a2ia 9e!o *)e!o3h la# 3he!2o$6"a2icH002 Te!2o$i"a2ia 9e!o *)e!o3h la# 3he!2o$6"a2ic

ia 'i'3e2 *5e"$a e!7a 5e!3e2%e!a30! 3i"44i 5e!'i"440"4a"ia 'i'3e2 *5e"$a e!7a 5e!3e2%e!a30! 3i"44i 5e!'i"440"4a"

$e"4a" 6a"4 5e!3e2%e!a30! le5ih !e"$ah, 2aa 3e!7a$i$e"4a" 6a"4 5e!3e2%e!a30! le5ih !e"$ah, 2aa 3e!7a$i

%e!%i"$aha" %a"a' $a!i 'i'3e2 5e!3e2%e!a30! 3i"44i e 'i'3e2%e!%i"$aha" %a"a' $a!i 'i'3e2 5e!3e2%e!a30! 3i"44i e 'i'3e25e!3e2%e!a30! !e"$ah $a" 2e"ca%ai 3e2%e!a30! e'ei25a"4a".5e!3e2%e!a30! !e"$ah $a" 2e"ca%ai 3e2%e!a30! e'ei25a"4a".

Defi"i'i h002 Te!2o$i"a2ia 9e!o: 7ia $0a 'i'3e2 %a$aDefi"i'i h002 Te!2o$i"a2ia 9e!o: 7ia $0a 'i'3e2 %a$a

#a30 6a"4 'a2a $ala2 e'ei25a"4a" %a"a' *3e2%e!a30!#a30 6a"4 'a2a $ala2 e'ei25a"4a" %a"a' *3e2%e!a30!

'a2a $e"4a" 'i'3e2 e3i4a, 2aa 2a'i"482a'i"4 'i'3e2 $ala2'a2a $e"4a" 'i'3e2 e3i4a, 2aa 2a'i"482a'i"4 'i'3e2 $ala2o"$i'i e'ei25a"4a" %a"a' *3e2%e!a30! 'a2a.o"$i'i e'ei25a"4a" %a"a' *3e2%e!a30! 'a2a.

ia A $a" C 2e2%0"6ai e'ei25a"4a" %a"a' $e"4a" /,ia A $a" C 2e2%0"6ai e'ei25a"4a" %a"a' $e"4a" /,

2aa 3e2%e!a30! A 'a2a $e"4a" /.2aa 3e2%e!a30! A 'a2a $e"4a" /.

AA // CCAA// CC


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E"e!4i %a"a' 3i$a $a%a3 $io";e!'i 'eca!a e'el0!0ha"E"e!4i %a"a' 3i$a $a%a3 $io";e!'i 'eca!a e'el0!0ha"

2e"7a$i e"e!4i 2ea"i oleh 'e50ah MESIN ENERGI,2e"7a$i e"e!4i 2ea"i oleh 'e50ah MESIN ENERGI,

a!e"a 'e5a4ia" e"e!4i %a"a' %a$a 3e2%e!a30! !e"$aha!e"a 'e5a4ia" e"e!4i %a"a' %a$a 3e2%e!a30! !e"$ahha!0' $i50a"4 e 'eelili"4"6a.ha!0' $i50a"4 e 'eelili"4"6a.

Se5a4ia" e"e!4i %a"a' 6a"4 3i$a $a%a3 $io";e!'ia"Se5a4ia" e"e!4i %a"a' 6a"4 3i$a $a%a3 $io";e!'ia"

2e"7a$i e"e!4i 2ea"i $i00! $e"4a" "ilai ENTRO(I.2e"7a$i e"e!4i 2ea"i $i00! $e"4a" "ilai ENTRO(I.

/a4ia" e"e!4i %a"a' 6a"4 $a%a3 $io";e!'ia" 2e"7a$i/a4ia" e"e!4i %a"a' 6a"4 $a%a3 $io";e!'ia" 2e"7a$i

e"e!4i 2ea"i $i'e503 ENERGI a3a0 KERA.e"e!4i 2ea"i $i'e503 ENERGI a3a0 KERA.

SISTEM TERMODINAMIKASISTEM TERMODINAMIKA

Dala2Dala2 3e!2o$i"a2ia, 5e"$a e!7a 6a"4 $i2a'0$a"3e!2o$i"a2ia, 5e"$a e!7a 6a"4 $i2a'0$a" $i'e503 $e"4a"$i'e503 $e"4a" sistemsistem $a"$a" $i%aai 0"30 2e"0"70 $i%aai 0"30 2e"0"70 a"a"

5a3a'a" 5e"$a5a3a'a" 5e"$a e!7ae!7a $ala2 %e!20aa"$ala2 %e!20aa" 3e!3030%3e!3030% $e"4a"$e"4a"

'eelili"4"6a.'eelili"4"6a.


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I'3ilah %e!20aa" 3e!3030% $a%a3 5e!0%a %e!20aa"I'3ilah %e!20aa" 3e!3030% $a%a3 5e!0%a %e!20aa"

3e!3030% ha6ala" *3e!3030% ha6ala" *imaginaryimaginary a3a0 5e!0%a %e!20aa" a3a0 5e!0%a %e!20aa"

3e!3030% 'e5e"a!"6a.3e!3030% 'e5e"a!"6a.

U$a!a $io2%!e'i $i $ala2 'ili"$e!U$a!a $io2%!e'i $i $ala2 'ili"$e!:: $ala2 hal i"i$ala2 hal i"i 'i'3e2 a$alah 0$a!a 6a"4'i'3e2 a$alah 0$a!a 6a"4

$io2%!e'i $a"$io2%!e'i $a" %e!20aa"%e!20aa" 3e!3030%3e!3030%

a$alaha$alah 'ili"$e! *3e!3030% 'e5e"a!"6a.'ili"$e! *3e!3030% 'e5e"a!"6a.

0$a!a0$a!a

'ili"$e!'ili"$e!

Se5o"4ah e' 3e!a%0"4 $i a3a' ai!:Se5o"4ah e' 3e!a%0"4 $i a3a' ai!: $ala2 hal i"i$ala2 hal i"i 'i'3e2'i'3e2 a$alaha$alah e' 6a"4e' 6a"4

3e!a%0"43e!a%0"4 $a" %e!20aa"$a" %e!20aa" 3e!3030%3e!3030%

a$alaha$alah 5e!0%a ai! *3e!3030% ha6ala".5e!0%a ai! *3e!3030% ha6ala".

e'e'

ai!ai!

Se5o"4ah e' $a" ai! $i $ala2 3a"4i:Se5o"4ah e' $a" ai! $i $ala2 3a"4i:

$ala2 hal i"i$ala2 hal i"i 'i'3e2 a$alah'i'3e2 a$alah e' $a" ai!,e' $a" ai!,

%e!20aa"%e!20aa" 3e!3030%3e!3030% a$alaha$alah 5e!0%a5e!0%a

%e!20aa"%e!20aa" 6a"46a"4 $i5a3a'i 3a"4i$i5a3a'i 3a"4i

*3e!3030% 'e5e"a!"6a.*3e!3030% 'e5e"a!"6a.

ai!ai!e'e'

3a"4i3a"4i


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MACAM8MACAMMACAM8MACAM SISTEM TERMODINAMIKASISTEM TERMODINAMIKA

A"ali'i' %!o'e' 3e!2o$i"a2ia 2eli%03i '30$i 3e"3a"4A"ali'i' %!o'e' 3e!2o$i"a2ia 2eli%03i '30$i 3e"3a"4

%e!%i"$aha" 2a''a $a" e"e!4i 2elal0i 5a3a' 'i'3e2. Maca28%e!%i"$aha" 2a''a $a" e"e!4i 2elal0i 5a3a' 'i'3e2. Maca28

2aca2 %!o'e' %a$a 'i'3e2 *5e"$a e!7a $a%a32aca2 %!o'e' %a$a 'i'3e2 *5e"$a e!7a $a%a3$ila'ifia'ia" 2e"7a$i - 5a4ia" 03a2a, 6ai30:$ila'ifia'ia" 2e"7a$i - 5a4ia" 03a2a, 6ai30:

1.1. Si'3e2 3e!50a,Si'3e2 3e!50a,

&.&. Si'3e2 3e!3030%,Si'3e2 3e!3030%,

-.-. Si'3e2 $ii'ola'i.Si'3e2 $ii'ola'i.

11 SISTEMSISTEM TER/UKATER/UKA

Yai30 'i'3e2 6a"4 $a%a3 5e!05ah 5ai 2a''a $a" e"e!4i

*%a"a' $a" e!7a $e"4a" 'eelili"4"6a. Ma''a 'i'3e2 3i$ao"'3a" $a" hal 3e!'e503 3e!7a$i %a$a 7e"i' 'i'3e2 6a"4

2e"4ali!.22i"i" 22o03o03


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Co"3oh 'i'3e2 3e!50a: /oile!, 30!5i", hea3 e


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&& SISTEMSISTEM TERTUTU(TERTUTU(

Si'3e2 3e!3030%, 6ai30 702lah 2a''aSi'3e2 3e!3030%, 6ai30 702lah 2a''a

'i'3e2 %a$a %e!20aa" 3e!3030% 3e3a%,'i'3e2 %a$a %e!20aa" 3e!3030% 3e3a%,

3i$a 3e!$a%a3 2a''a 'i'3e2 6a"4 el0a!,3i$a 3e!$a%a3 2a''a 'i'3e2 6a"4 el0a!,3e3a%i e"e!4i 6a"4 5e!0%a e!7a a3a0 %a"a'3e3a%i e"e!4i 6a"4 5e!0%a e!7a a3a0 %a"a'

$a%a3 $ie"aa" %a$a 'i'3e2.$a%a3 $ie"aa" %a$a 'i'3e2.

Si'3e2 3e!3030%, 2a''a $a" ;ol02e o"'3a"Si'3e2 3e!3030%, 2a''a $a" ;ol02e o"'3a"

Si'3e2 3e!3030%, 2a''a 3e3a%Si'3e2 3e!3030%, 2a''a 3e3a%

$a" ;ol02e 5e!05ah$a" ;ol02e 5e!05ah

(i'3o" $a%a3 5e!4e!a (i'3o" $a%a3 5e!4e!a


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ia 2a''a $a" e"e!4i %a"a' 3i$a $a%a3 $ie"aa" e 'i'3e2,ia 2a''a $a" e"e!4i %a"a' 3i$a $a%a3 $ie"aa" e 'i'3e2,

2aa 'i'3e2 3e!'e503 $ala2 ea$aa" $ii'ola'i 'e2%0!"a.2aa 'i'3e2 3e!'e503 $ala2 ea$aa" $ii'ola'i 'e2%0!"a.

-- SISTEMSISTEM DIISOLASIDIISOLASI

SISTEM KHUSUSSISTEM KHUSUS

1.1. Si'3e2 A$ia5a3i:Si'3e2 A$ia5a3i: 3i$a3i$a 3e!$a%a33e!$a%a3 %a"a' 6a"4 $iel0a!a"%a"a' 6a"4 $iel0a!a"

a3a0a3a0

$i3e!i2a 'i'3e2$i3e!i2a 'i'3e2

$a!i a3a0$a!i a3a0

3e!ha$a% 'eelili"4"6a3e!ha$a% 'eelili"4"6a

. Hal

. Hal

i"i 3e!7a$i, a!e"a 'i'3e2 $ii'ola'i 'e2%0!"a. Co"3oh:i"i 3e!7a$i, a!e"a 'i'3e2 $ii'ola'i 'e2%0!"a. Co"3oh:

3e!2o' ai! %a"a'.3e!2o' ai! %a"a'.

&.&. Si'3e2 Ho2o4e": 'i'3e2 3e!$i!i $a!i %ha'e 30"44al.Si'3e2 Ho2o4e": 'i'3e2 3e!$i!i $a!i %ha'e 30"44al.

Co"3oh: ca2%0!a" 0$a!a $e"4a" 0a% ai!.Co"3oh: ca2%0!a" 0$a!a $e"4a" 0a% ai!.

-.-. Si'3e2 He3e!o4e": 'i'3e2 3e!$i!i $a!i $0a a3a0 le5ih %ha'e.Si'3e2 He3e!o4e": 'i'3e2 3e!$i!i $a!i $0a a3a0 le5ih %ha'e.Co"3oh: ca2%0!a" ai! $e"4a" 0a% ai!, e' $a" ai! $e"4a"Co"3oh: ca2%0!a" ai! $e"4a" 0a% ai!, e' $a" ai! $e"4a"

oli, ai! $a" 2i"6a.oli, ai! $a" 2i"6a.


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TUGAS = KERAKAN DI KELASTUGAS = KERAKAN DI KELAS

*1*1 Ref!i4e!a3o!,Ref!i4e!a3o!,

*&*& Ki%a' a"4i" *Fa",Ki%a' a"4i" *Fa",

*-*- The!2o2e3e! $i $ala2 20l03,The!2o2e3e! $i $ala2 20l03,** Ko2%!e'o! 0$a!a,Ko2%!e'o! 0$a!a,

*> Ra$ia3o! 2o5il.*> Ra$ia3o! 2o5il.

Kla'ifia'ia" %e!ala3a" $i 5a#ah i"i, a%aahKla'ifia'ia" %e!ala3a" $i 5a#ah i"i, a%aah

5ee!7a $e"4a" 'i'3i2 3e!50a a3a0 3e!3030% $a"5ee!7a $e"4a" 'i'3i2 3e!50a a3a0 3e!3030% $a"5e!ia" ala'a""6a.5e!ia" ala'a""6a.


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SISTEM INTERNASIONAL *S ISISTEM INTERNASIONAL *S I

NAMANAMA UNITUNIT DIMENSIDIMENSI SIM/OLSIM/OL

2a''a2a''a ilo4!a2ilo4!a2 MM 44

%a"7a"4%a"7a"4 2e3e!2e3e! LL 22

#a30#a30 $e3i *'eco"$$e3i *'eco"$ 33 ''

SATUAN DASAR:SATUAN DASAR:

SISTEM SATUANSISTEM SATUAN

NAMANAMA UNITUNIT SIM/OLSIM/OL DIMENSIDIMENSI SATUANSATUAN

4a6a4a6a 42?'42?'&& NN ML3ML38&8& Ne#3o"Ne#3o"

ece%a3a"ece%a3a" 2?'2?' 88 L3L38181 88

%e!ce%a3a"%e!ce%a3a" 2?'2?'&& 88 L3L38&8& 88

$e"'i36$e"'i36 4?24?2-- 88 MLML8-8- 88

3ea"a"3ea"a" 42?'42?'&&?2?2&& *N?2*N?2&& (a(a MLML8181 338&8& (a'cal(a'cal

e"e!4ie"e!4i 4242&&?'?'&& *N2*N2 MLML&&338&8& o0leo0le

$a6a$a6a 4242&&

?'?'--

*?'*?' ++ MLML&&

338-8-

+a33+a33

SATUAN TURUNAN:SATUAN TURUNAN:


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FAKTOR FAKTOR SATUANSATUAN SIM/OLSIM/OL

1@1@1&1&

Te!aTe!a TT1@1@ Gi4aGi4a GG

1@1@BB Me4aMe4a MM

1@1@ KiloKilo

1@1@ He3oHe3o hh

1@1@11 DeaDea $a$a

1@1@8181 De'iDe'i $$

1@1@8&8& Ce"3iCe"3i cc

1@1@8-8- MiliMili 22

1@1@8B8B Mi!oMi!o

1@1@88 Na"oNa"o ""

1@1@81&81& (io(io %%

A+ALAN SISTEM SATUAN S I:A+ALAN SISTEM SATUAN S I:

EKIALEN SATUAN:EKIALEN SATUAN:N?2N?2 (a'cal *(a(a'cal *(a

42?'42?' Ne#3o" *NNe#3o" *N

N2N2 o0le *o0le *

N2?'N2?' o0le?' *?'o0le?' *?'

o0le?'o0le?' +a33 *++a33 *+

1 c21 c2 1 cc1 cc

1@1@-- N?2N?2&& 1 (a1 (a

1@1@>> N?2N?2&& 1 5a!1 5a!

1@1@BB N?2N?2&& 1 M%a1 M%a

1@@ (a1@@ (a 1 5a!1 5a!


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KOORDINAT DAN KEADAAN SISTEMKOORDINAT DAN KEADAAN SISTEM

(a$a(a$a %e25aha'a"%e25aha'a" 3e!2o$i"a2ia3e!2o$i"a2ia:: ;ol02e;ol02e **, 3e2%e!a30!, 3e2%e!a30!

**TT, 3ea"a", 3ea"a" *%*%, e!a%a3a", e!a%a3a" **densitydensity $a" lai"8lai" $i'e503 $a" lai"8lai" $i'e503 'e5a4ai oo!$i"a3 'i'3e2'e5a4ai oo!$i"a3 'i'3e2, co"3oh: 4a' $i $ala2 3a"4i, co"3oh: 4a' $i $ala2 3a"4i

2e2%0"6ai2e2%0"6ai ;ol02e;ol02e **, 3e2%e!a30!, 3e2%e!a30! **TT $a" $a" 3ea"a"3ea"a" *%.*%.

Kea$aa" 'i'3e2Kea$aa" 'i'3e2 3e!4a"30"43e!4a"30"4 %a$a oo!$i"a3 'i'3e2%a$a oo!$i"a3 'i'3e2 *, T, % *, T, % ,,

5ila oo!$i"a3 'i'3e25ila oo!$i"a3 'i'3e2 5e!05ah5e!05ah 2aa ea$aa" 'i'3e22aa ea$aa" 'i'3e2 704a 704aaa" 5e!05ahaa" 5e!05ah..

Dala2 3e!2o$i"a2ia, 5e'a!a" 'i'3e2Dala2 3e!2o$i"a2ia, 5e'a!a" 'i'3e2 a$alah:a$alah:

1.1.

/e'a!a" e


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U"30 2e"e"30a" 5e'a!a" i"3e"'if a3a0 e


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Da!i 5e'a!a" e


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&.&. ol02eol02e '%e'ifi '%e'ifi 22ola!ola!

ol02eol02e '%e'ifi '%e'ifi 22ola!ola! **molal spesific volumemolal spesific volume ; a$alah ; a$alah

%e!5a"$i"4a" a"3a!a ;ol02e * $e"4a" 702lah 2ole *"%e!5a"$i"4a" a"3a!a ;ol02e * $e"4a" 702lah 2ole *"

$a!i 'i'3e2.$a!i 'i'3e2.

sistemmole jumlah

extensif besaranmolar spesifik Nilai =

n

V v =*

;ol02e;ol02e

**

2ole2ole

*"*"

Ta50"4Ta50"4

'i'3e2'i'3e2

;: ;ol02e 7e"i' 2ola! *2;: ;ol02e 7e"i' 2ola! *2?482ole J f3?5282ole?482ole J f3?5282ole

: ol02e *2 : ol02e *2 J f3 J f3

" : 702lah 2ole *4!a282ole J 482ole" : 702lah 2ole *4!a282ole J 482ole

−− molelb ft

molekg

m 33;


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SU/STITUSI RUMUS:SU/STITUSI RUMUS:

sistemmolekul berat BM BM

mn == ;

02lah 2ole a$alah %e!5a"$i"4a" a"3a!a 2a''a *2 $e"4a"02lah 2ole a$alah %e!5a"$i"4a" a"3a!a 2a''a *2 $e"4a"

5e!a3 2ole0l */M $a!i 'i'3e2.5e!a3 2ole0l */M $a!i 'i'3e2.

m BM V

BM

mV v ==*

m

V

v =

v BM v =*

Sehi"44aSehi"44a

Se$a"4a"Se$a"4a"

a$i,a$i,


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-. Ke!a%a3a" 2a''a-. Ke!a%a3a" 2a''a

Ke!a%a3a" 2a''a *Ke!a%a3a" 2a''a *densitydensity,, a$alah %e!5a"$i"4a" a"3a!aa$alah %e!5a"$i"4a" a"3a!a

2a''a *2 $e"4a" ;ol02e * $a!i 'i'3e2.2a''a *2 $e"4a" ;ol02e * $a!i 'i'3e2.

=

33 ; ft

lb

m

kg

V

m ρ

m BM V v =* ρ

BM

v =→ *

m

V v =

v

1=→ ρ

a!ia'i $e"'i36 4a' 3e!ha$a% 3ea"a" $a" 3e2%e!a30!,a!ia'i $e"'i36 4a' 3e!ha$a% 3ea"a" $a" 3e2%e!a30!,

Tea"a" "aiTea"a" "ai $e"'i36 "ai $e"'i36 "ai

Te2%e!a30! "aiTe2%e!a30! "ai $e"'i36 30!0".$e"'i36 30!0".

U"30 'oli$ a3a0 li0i$ 5e!3ea"a", $e"'i36 ha2%i! o"'3a".U"30 'oli$ a3a0 li0i$ 5e!3ea"a", $e"'i36 ha2%i! o"'3a".

Ke!a%a3a" 2a''aKe!a%a3a" 2a''a *!ho*!ho 2e!0%aa" e5alia" $a!i ;ol02e2e!0%aa" e5alia" $a!i ;ol02e

'%e'ifi ; $a!i 'i'3e2.'%e'ifi ; $a!i 'i'3e2.

Se$a"4a",Se$a"4a",


20/432

20

. S%e'ifi G!a;i36. S%e'ifi G!a;i36

S%e'ifi 4!a;i36 *SG a$alah %e!5a"$i"4a" a"3a!aS%e'ifi 4!a;i36 *SG a$alah %e!5a"$i"4a" a"3a!a densitydensity

'i'3e2 $e"4a"'i'3e2 $e"4a" densitydensity %e25a"$i"4. Nilai%e25a"$i"4. Nilai densitydensity %e25a"$i"4%e25a"$i"4

0"30 li0i$ a$alah ai! %a$a 3e2%e!a30! 0"30 li0i$ a$alah ai! %a$a 3e2%e!a30! @@C *1@@@ 4?2C *1@@@ 4?2-- $a" $a"0"30 4a' a$alah $e"'i36 0$a!a *&, 4?20"30 4a' a$alah $e"'i36 0$a!a *&, 4?2--

U"30 li0i$U"30 li0i$

O H

sistem sistemSG

2 ρ

ρ =

Da!i "ilai SG $a%a3 $ie3ah0i 5e"$a e!7a *'i'3e2Da!i "ilai SG $a%a3 $ie3ah0i 5e"$a e!7a *'i'3e2

2e"4a%0"4 $i $ala2 ai!, 7ia "ilai SG 1.2e"4a%0"4 $i $ala2 ai!, 7ia "ilai SG 1.

Nilai S%e'ifi 4!a;i36Nilai S%e'ifi 4!a;i36

$a!i 5e5e!a%a li0i$$a!i 5e5e!a%a li0i$

NAMA LIUIDNAMA LIUID S(ESIFIK GRAITYS(ESIFIK GRAITY

Ai!Ai! 1,@1,@

Da!ahDa!ah 1,@>1,@>

Ai! la03Ai! la03 1,@&>1,@&>

/e"'i"/e"'i" @,P@,P

E' !i2E' !i2 @,&@,&


21/432

21

>. /e!a3 '%e'ifi *S%e'ific +ei4h3>. /e!a3 '%e'ifi *S%e'ific +ei4h3

/e!a3 '%e'ifi a$alah %e!5a"$i"4a" a"3a!a 5e!a3 *+ $e"4a"/e!a3 '%e'ifi a$alah %e!5a"$i"4a" a"3a!a 5e!a3 *+ $e"4a"

;ol02e * $a!i 'i'3e2.;ol02e * $a!i 'i'3e2.

=3m

N g sistem ρ γ

No3a'i 4 a$alah 4!a;i3a'i 502i .. 2?'No3a'i 4 a$alah 4!a;i3a'i 502i .. 2?'&&

===

323 m

N

s

m x

m

kg g sistem ρ γ

=

3m

N

V

W sistemγ


22/432

22

CONTOH SOAL: KEADAAN SISTEMCONTOH SOAL: KEADAAN SISTEM

OO&&

2 Q 42 Q 4

Q @,B 2Q @,B 2--

'ili"$e!'ili"$e!Sili"$e! 2e2%0"6ai ;ol02e, Q @,B 2 5e!i'i OSili"$e! 2e2%0"6ai ;ol02e, Q @,B 2 5e!i'i O&&

*o'i4e" $e"4a" 2a''a Q 4. Te"30a" a ;ol02e*o'i4e" $e"4a" 2a''a Q 4. Te"30a" a ;ol02e

'%e'ifi, 5 ;ol02e '%e'ifi 2ola!, c 702lah 2ole'%e'ifi, 5 ;ol02e '%e'ifi 2ola!, c 702lah 2ole$a" $ $e"'i36 O$a" $ $e"'i36 O&& $i $ala2 'ili"$e!$i $ala2 'ili"$e!

(ENYELESAIAN:(ENYELESAIAN: a ol02e '%e'ifi,a ol02e '%e'ifi,

kg

m

m

V v

3

15,0

4

6,0 ===

5 ol02e '%e'ifi 2ola!, ; Q /M *;5 ol02e '%e'ifi 2ola!, ; Q /M *;

( )molekg

mv

−==

3

8,415,032*

/M O/M O&& Q 1B *& Q -&Q 1B *& Q -&

c 02lah 2ole,c 02lah 2ole, molekg BM

mn

O

−=== 125,032

4

2

$ De"'i36,3

666,615,0

11

m

kg

v=== ρ


23/432

23

B. Tea"a"B. Tea"a" ** pressure pressure, %, %

/ila %e!20aa" '0a30 9a3 *%a$a3, cai! $a" 4a' 2e"e!i2a/ila %e!20aa" '0a30 9a3 *%a$a3, cai! $a" 4a' 2e"e!i2a

4a6a84a6a l0a! 2aa 5a4ia" %e!20aa" 9a3 6a"4 2e"e!i2a4a6a84a6a l0a! 2aa 5a4ia" %e!20aa" 9a3 6a"4 2e"e!i2a

4a6a 3e4a l0!0' aa" 2e"4ala2i 3ea"a".4a6a 3e4a l0!0' aa" 2e"4ala2i 3ea"a".Tea"a" a$alah 4Tea"a" a$alah 4a6a 3e4a l0!0'a6a 3e4a l0!0' *F*F %a$a %e!20aa"%a$a %e!20aa" $i5a4i$i5a4i

l0a' %el0a' %e"a2%a"4"6a *A."a2%a"4"6a *A.

h g A

F

p ρ ==

F : 4a6a 6a"4 5ee!7a *NF : 4a6a 6a"4 5ee!7a *N

A : l0a' %e"a2%a"4 *2A : l0a' %e"a2%a"4 *2&&

: $e"'i36 li0i$ *4?2: $e"'i36 li0i$ *4?2--

h : 3i"44i olo2 li0i$ *2h : 3i"44i olo2 li0i$ *2

( ) as!al am

N =

2

2222

;;;in

lb

ft

b

m

N

!m

kg

Seca!a 0202, %e"400!a" 3ea"a" $a%a3 2e"440"aa"Seca!a 0202, %e"400!a" 3ea"a" $a%a3 2e"440"aa"

'a30a" (a a3a0 M(a.'a30a" (a a3a0 M(a.

1 (a Q 1@@@ (a J 1M%a Q 1@@@ (a Q 1@1 (a Q 1@@@ (a J 1M%a Q 1@@@ (a Q 1@BB

(a(a


24/432

24

Sa30a" 3ea"a" lai" 6a"4 5ia'a $i40"aa" a$alah 5a!.Sa30a" 3ea"a" lai" 6a"4 5ia'a $i40"aa" a$alah 5a!.

1 5a! Q 1@1 5a! Q 1@>> (a Q @,1 M%a Q 1@@ (a(a Q @,1 M%a Q 1@@ (a

Dala2Dala2 3e!2o$i"a2ia, 3ea"a"3e!2o$i"a2ia, 3ea"a" **%% 0202"6a0202"6a 'elal0'elal0

$i"6a3aa" $ala2 ha!4a a5'ol03$i"6a3aa" $ala2 ha!4a a5'ol03. /e'a! 3. /e'a! 3ea"a" a5'ol03ea"a" a5'ol033e!4a"30"43e!4a"30"4 5e'a!"6a5e'a!"6a 3ea"a" %e"400!a"3ea"a" %e"400!a" 2a"o2e3e! *2a"o2e3e! * gauge gauge

pressure pressure %a$a 'i'3e2%a$a 'i'3e2..

i i a 3ea"a" %e"400!a" *a 3ea"a" %e"400!a" * gauge pressure gauge pressure 'i'3e2 $i 'i'3e2 $i a3a'a3a'

3ea"a" a32o'fi!, 2aa:3ea"a" a32o'fi!, 2aa:

(( a5'ol03 Qa5'ol03 Q (( %e"400!a" %e"400!a" (( aa32o'fi!32o'fi!

i i a 3ea"a" %e"400!a" *a 3ea"a" %e"400!a" * gauge pressure gauge pressure 'i'3e2 $i 'i'3e2 $i 5a#ah5a#ah

3ea"a" a32o'fi!, 2aa:3ea"a" a32o'fi!, 2aa:

(( a5'ol03 Qa5'ol03 Q (( a32o'fi! =a32o'fi! = (( %e"400!a"%e"400!a"

Tea"a" %e"400!a"Tea"a" %e"400!a"

*2a"o2e3e!*2a"o2e3e!


25/432

25

G!afi %e!5a"$i"4a" Tea"a" a32o'fi!,G!afi %e!5a"$i"4a" Tea"a" a32o'fi!,

a5'ol03 $a" %e"400!a"a5'ol03 $a" %e"400!a"

Tea"a" a32o'fi! %Tea"a" a32o'fi! %a32a32

%%4a04e4a04e

%%a5'a5'

%%;a ;a %%a5'a5'

%%a32a32 %%a32a32

a02 a5'ol03 %a02 a5'ol03 %a5'a5' Q @Q @

$i$i a3a' 3ea"a" a32o'fi!a3a' 3ea"a" a32o'fi!

$i$i 5a#ah5a#ah 3ea"a" a32o'fi!3ea"a" a32o'fi!

((a5'a5' Q (Q (a32a32 8 (8 (;a ;a

((a5'a5' Q (Q (a32a32 ( (4a04e4a04e


26/432

26

Ma'0Ma'0

Kel0a!Kel0a!

(ENYELESAIAN:(ENYELESAIAN:

Si'i 2a'0, 3ea"a" e!7a $iSi'i 2a'0, 3ea"a" e!7a $i5a#ah 3ea"a" a32o'fi!:5a#ah 3ea"a" a32o'fi!:

((a5'a5' Q (Q (a32a32 = ( = (4a04e4a04e Q 1,P = Q >,P %'iaQ 1,P = Q >,P %'ia

Si'i el0a!, 3ea"a" e!7a $i a3a' 3ea"a" a32o'fi!:Si'i el0a!, 3ea"a" e!7a $i a3a' 3ea"a" a32o'fi!:

((a5'a5' Q (Q (a32a32 ( ( 4a04e4a04e Q 1,P -@ Q ,P %'iaQ 1,P -@ Q ,P %'ia

/lo#e! 0$a!a 5e!o%e!a'i %a$a 3ea"a" i'a% */lo#e! 0$a!a 5e!o%e!a'i %a$a 3ea"a" i'a% *suction pressuresuction pressure

%'i4 $a" 3ea"a" el0a! * %'i4 $a" 3ea"a" el0a! *discharge pressuredischarge pressure -@ %'i4. Hi30"4 -@ %'i4. Hi30"43ea"a" a5'ol03 0$a!a %a$a 'i'i i'a% $a" 'i'i el0a!.3ea"a" a5'ol03 0$a!a %a$a 'i'i i'a% $a" 'i'i el0a!.

CONTOH SOAL: TEKANAN A/SOLUTCONTOH SOAL: TEKANAN A/SOLUT


27/432

27

Tea"a" a32o'fi! a5'ol03 *(Tea"a" a32o'fi! a5'ol03 *(a3aa3a a$alah 3ea"a" a32o'fi! a$alah 3ea"a" a32o'fi!

!a3a8!a3a %a$a 5a!o2e3e! $i a3a' %e!20aa" ai! la03, 6ai30!a3a8!a3a %a$a 5a!o2e3e! $i a3a' %e!20aa" ai! la03, 6ai30

%a$a e3i"44ia", h Q PB@ 22 Q @,PB 2 olo2 ai! !a'a *H4%a$a e3i"44ia", h Q PB@ 22 Q @,PB 2 olo2 ai! !a'a *H4

De"'i36 H4,De"'i36 H4, Q 1-,>B 4?$2Q 1-,>B 4?$2 Q 1-,>> < 1@ Q 1-,>> < 1@-- 4?24?2

Sa30a" a32o'fi! a5'ol03 '3a"$a!:Sa30a" a32o'fi! a5'ol03 '3a"$a!:

1 a3a Q 1@1-&> (a Q 1@1,-&> (a Q 1,@1-&> 5a!1 a3a Q 1@1-&> (a Q 1@1,-&> (a Q 1,@1-&> 5a!

((a3aa3a QQ 4 h4 h

((a3aa3a QQ 1-,>> < 1@1-,>> < 1@-- < ,1 < @,PB Q 1@1-&> N?2< ,1 < @,PB Q 1@1-&> N?2&& Q 1@1,-&> (aQ 1@1,-&> (a

Tea"a" a32o'fi! 2a"o2e3e! a3a0 a32o'fi! 3e"i:Tea"a" a32o'fi! 2a"o2e3e! a3a0 a32o'fi! 3e"i:

22 000.1011 mkg

!mkg atm == De"'i36 H4De"'i36 H4 Q @,@1->> 4?c2Q @,@1->> 4?c2

1 a3a Q @,@1->> 4?c21 a3a Q @,@1->> 4?c2 < PB c2 Q 1,@--& 4?c2 < PB c2 Q 1,@--& 4?c2

a$i, 1 a3a Q 1,@--& a32a$i, 1 a3a Q 1,@--& a32


28/432

28

1 a3a Q PB@ 22 H4 *%a$a @1 a3a Q PB@ 22 H4 *%a$a @CC

)0(6,7350332,1

76011 0

2 " pa#a Hg mm

!m

kg atm ===

ia 3e2%e!a30! H4 "ai, 2aa 3i"44i olo2 H4 704a "ai,ia 3e2%e!a30! H4 "ai, 2aa 3i"44i olo2 H4 704a "ai,

2aa 3ea"a" a5'ol03 5a!o2e3e! %a$a 3e2%e!a30! @2aa 3ea"a" a5'ol03 5a!o2e3e! %a$a 3e2%e!a30! @CC

$a%a3 $i'ele'aia" $e"4a" !020' e'%e!i2e":$a%a3 $i'ele'aia" $e"4a" !020' e'%e!i2e":

//@@ Q / *1 = @,@@@1P& 3Q / *1 = @,@@@1P& 3

/: 3i"44i olo2 H4 a30al %a$a 3/: 3i"44i olo2 H4 a30al %a$a 3 CC

//@@: %e25acaa" 3i"44i olo2 H4 %a$a @C: %e25acaa" 3i"44i olo2 H4 %a$a @C

Dala2 hal i"i, 3ea"a" 0$a!a a32o'fi! a$alah:Dala2 hal i"i, 3ea"a" 0$a!a a32o'fi! a$alah:

=

2

0

6,735 !m

kg B p


29/432

29

U"30 o"$i'i 3ea"a" 6a"4 !e"$ah, %e"400!a" $a%a3U"30 o"$i'i 3ea"a" 6a"4 !e"$ah, %e"400!a" $a%a3

2e"440"aa" 3i"44i olo2 ai!. Ti"44i olo2 ai! a$alah2e"440"aa" 3i"44i olo2 ai!. Ti"44i olo2 ai! a$alah

1-,>> ali le5ih 5e'a! $a!i 3i"44i olo2 H4.1-,>> ali le5ih 5e'a! $a!i 3i"44i olo2 H4.

1 22 H4 Q 1-,>> 22 H1 22 H4 Q 1-,>> 22 H&&OO

Sehi"44a: 1 a3a Q PB@ 22 H4Sehi"44a: 1 a3a Q PB@ 22 H4

Q 1-,>> < PB@ Q [email protected]& 22 HQ 1-,>> < PB@ Q [email protected]& 22 H&&OO

Q 1@,--& 2 HQ 1@,--& 2 H&&OO

a$i: 1 a32 Q 1@,--& 2 Ha$i: 1 a32 Q 1@,--& 2 H&&OO

Ha'il %e"400!a" 6a"4 5a40' ha"6a 0"30 ai! 5e!3e2%e!a30!Ha'il %e"400!a" 6a"4 5a40' ha"6a 0"30 ai! 5e!3e2%e!a30!C, 3e3a%i %C, 3e3a%i %a$a o"$i'i a30al %e"440"aa" 3i"44i olo2 ai!a$a o"$i'i a30al %e"440"aa" 3i"44i olo2 ai!

ha"6a 0"30 %e"400!a" 3ea"a" 6a"4 !e"$ah, 'ehi"44aha"6a 0"30 %e"400!a" 3ea"a" 6a"4 !e"$ah, 'ehi"44a

o!e'i 3e2%e!a30! $a%a3 $ia5aia".o!e'i 3e2%e!a30! $a%a3 $ia5aia".


30/432

30

Dala2 'a30a" /!i3i'hDala2 'a30a" /!i3i'h *i2%e!ial*i2%e!ial, 3ea"a" a5'ol03 $a", 3ea"a" a5'ol03 $a"

3ea"a" %e"400!a" 2a'i"43ea"a" %e"400!a" 2a'i"4 88 2a'i"4 $i"6a3aa"2a'i"4 $i"6a3aa" 'e5a4ai'e5a4ai

5e!i03:5e!i03:

1 a32o'fi!1 a32o'fi! a5'ol03a5'ol03 Q 1,@1-Q 1,@1-&>&> < 1@< 1@>>

N?2N?2&&

Q 1,P l5?i"Q 1,P l5?i"&&

Q 1@Q [email protected]& 4?2--& 4?2&&

QQ 11,,@--& 4?@--& 4?cc22

Q PB@ 22 H4Q PB@ 22 H4

Q &,& i" H4Q &,& i" H4

Q 1@,-&& 2 HQ 1@,-&& 2 H&&OO

psia psia ** pound per pound per square inch absolut square inch absolut

psig psig ** pound per pound per square inch gaugesquare inch gauge


31/432

31

Tea"a" '3ea2 5oile! $i 2a"o2e3e! 2e"0"70a" 4?c2Tea"a" '3ea2 5oile! $i 2a"o2e3e! 2e"0"70a" 4?c2..

Te"30a" 3ea"a" a5'ol03 '3ea2 7ia %a$a 5a!o2e3e! $iTe"30a" 3ea"a" a5'ol03 '3ea2 7ia %a$a 5a!o2e3e! $i

!0a"4a" 2e"0"70a" 3i"44i olo2 P@@ 22 H4 %a$a 3 Q &>C.!0a"4a" 2e"0"70a" 3i"44i olo2 P@@ 22 H4 %a$a 3 Q &>C.


Tea"a" 5a!o2e3e! %a$a 3 Q @C a$alah:Tea"a" 5a!o2e3e! %a$a 3 Q @C a$alah:

//@@ Q P@@ *1 = @,@@@1P& < &> Q BP 22 H4Q P@@ *1 = @,@@@1P& < &> Q BP 22 H4

Tea"a" a5'ol03 '3ea2:Tea"a" a5'ol03 '3ea2: ata p 947,86,735

6978 =+=

CONTOH SOAL: TEKANAN A/SOLUTCONTOH SOAL: TEKANAN A/SOLUT

//@@ Q / *1 = @,@@@1P& 3Q / *1 = @,@@@1P& 3

Tea"a" 0$a!a a32o'fi!:Tea"a" 0$a!a a32o'fi!: 6,735

697

6,735

0

==

B

p


32/432

32

P. Te2%e!a30! *TP. Te2%e!a30! *T

Sala 3e2%e!a30! 203la a$a $0a 2aca2 6aSala 3e2%e!a30! 203la a$a $0a 2aca2 6ai30i30::DDala2 'a30a" i"3e!"a'io"alala2 'a30a" i"3e!"a'io"al::

TTa5'a5' Q &P- TQ &P- T@@CC .. *K*K Kel;i"Kel;i"

DDala2 'a30a" /!i3i'hala2 'a30a" /!i3i'h *i2%e!ial:*i2%e!ial:

TTa5'a5' Q B@ TQ B@ T@@

FF **@@

RR Ra"i"eRa"i"e

Te!$a%a3 5e'a!a" 3e2%e!a30! 2e"0!03 'ala, 6ai30:Te!$a%a3 5e'a!a" 3e2%e!a30! 2e"0!03 'ala, 6ai30:

KELIN,KELIN, CELCIUS, RANKINECELCIUS, RANKINE $a"$a" FARENHEITFARENHEIT..

TTii33ii $i$ih $i$ih **steam point steam point

TTii33ii 5e0 *5e0 *ice point ice point

Nol a5'ol03Nol a5'ol03 **absolute zeroabsolute zero

@@FF@@R R K K @@CC

-P--P-BP&BP& &1&&1& 1@@1@@

@@ 8 B@8 B@

&& -&-& &P-&P-

@@

@@

8 &P-8 &P-

H050"4a" a"3a!a 'ala 3e2%e!a30!H050"4a" a"3a!a 'ala 3e2%e!a30! K,K, @@C,C, @@R $a"R $a" @@F:F:


33/432

33

)(5

90 $ % = )(9

5 0 % $ =

( ) 000 325

9+= " & F &

( )000 329

5 −= F & " &

Ko";e!'i "ilai 3e2%e!a30!

1.1. @@C Q -&C Q -&F Q &P-K Q &F Q &P-K Q &R R

&. 1@@C Q &1&F Q -P-K Q BP&R &. 1@@C Q &1&F Q -P-K Q BP&R

-. K Q-. K Q @@C &P- K C &P- K

. R Q F B@ R . R Q F B@ R

CONTOH KONERSI TEM(ERATUR

% $ 0

672)373(5

9373

== $ % 273)492(9

5

492

0

==

F " 00 21232)100(5

9100 =+= " F 00 3,93)32200(

9

5200 =−=


34/432

34

11 Se50ah Ta50"4, ;ol02e 1> f3Se50ah Ta50"4, ;ol02e 1> f3 5e!i'i Ni3!o4e" $e"4a"5e!i'i Ni3!o4e" $e"4a"

2a''a Q 1@ l52. Hi30"4 ;ol02e '%e'ifi, ;ol02e '%e'ifi2a''a Q 1@ l52. Hi30"4 ;ol02e '%e'ifi, ;ol02e '%e'ifi2ola!, 702lah 2ole $a" $e"'i36 "i3!o4e" $ala2 3a50"4.2ola!, 702lah 2ole $a" $e"'i36 "i3!o4e" $ala2 3a50"4.

&& Ko2%!e'o! 0$a!a 5e!o%e!a'i %a$a 3ea"a" el0a! Q Ko2%!e'o! 0$a!a 5e!o%e!a'i %a$a 3ea"a" el0a! Q

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5a!o2e3e! $i !0a"4a" Q P&@ 22H4, -@5a!o2e3e! $i !0a"4a" Q P&@ 22H4, [email protected].

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TUGAS *TUGAS * HOME WORK HOME WORK


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54/432

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55/432

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pp

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Permukaan p - v - T gas idealPermukaan p - v - T gas ideal

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ρ

ρ

(e!'e"3a'e o2%o"e" 4a'(e!'e"3a'e o2%o"e" 4a'

V

V

r V

V

r V

V

r V

V

r n

n ==== ;;; 3

3

2

2

1

1

(e!'e"3a'e o2%o"e" 4a' *! 5e!$a'a!a" ;ol02e:(e!'e"3a'e o2%o"e" 4a' *! 5e!$a'a!a" ;ol02e:

CONTOH SOAL: CAM(URAN GASCONTOH SOAL: CAM(URAN GAS


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67

CONTOH SOAL: CAM(URAN GASCONTOH SOAL: CAM(URAN GAS

1. (e!'e"3a'e o2%o"e" 4a' 50a"4 $a!i Ge"e!a3o!: H1. (e!'e"3a'e o2%o"e" 4a' 50a"4 $a!i Ge"e!a3o!: H&& Q 1V,Q 1V,

CO Q &V, COCO Q &V, CO&& Q BV $a" NQ BV $a" N&& Q >&V. Te"30a" V 2a''aQ >&V. Te"30a" V 2a''a

2a'i"482a'i"4 o2%o"e" 4a', 3e"30a" 3ea"a" %a!'ial2a'i"482a'i"4 o2%o"e" 4a', 3e"30a" 3ea"a" %a!'ial2a'i"482a'i"4 4a' 7ia 3ea"a" 4a' ca2%0!a" Q PB@ 22 H42a'i"482a'i"4 4a' 7ia 3ea"a" 4a' ca2%0!a" Q PB@ 22 H4


/e!a3 2ole0l */M ca2%0!a" 4a'/e!a3 2ole0l */M ca2%0!a" 4a'

Q *@,1 & *@,& & *@,@B *@,>& & Q &Q *@,1 & *@,& & *@,@B *@,>& & Q &

307,1

4,22

24

* m

kg

v

BM total === ρ

De"'i36 ca2%0!a" 4a':De"'i36 ca2%0!a" 4a':

(e!'e"3a'e *V 2a''a 2a'i"482a'i"4 o2%o"e" 4a':(e!'e"3a'e *V 2a''a 2a'i"482a'i"4 o2%o"e" 4a':

%5,1015,0)18,0(24

22

22 ==== H

total

H H r

BM

BM g

28"OBM


68/432

68

%6,27276,0)24,0(24

28==== "O

total

"O"O r

BM

BM g

%9,10109,0)06,0(24

442

22 ==== "Ototal

"O"O r BM

BM

g

%606,0)52,0(24

282

22 ==== N

total

N N r

BM

BM g

Tea"a" %a!'ial 2a'i"482a'i"4 o2%o"e" 4a',Tea"a" %a!'ial 2a'i"482a'i"4 o2%o"e" 4a',

Hg mm pr p H H 8,136760)18,0(22 ===

Hg mm pr p "O"O 4,182760)24,0( === Hg mm pr p "O"O 6,45760)06,0(22 ===

Hg mm pr p N N 2,395760)52,0(22 ===

& K 3 $i i $ i >V $ *R & &P ? K& K 3 $i i $ i >V $ *R & &P ? K


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69

&. Ko2%o"e" 4a' 3e!$i!i $a!i >V 0$a!a *R Q &,&P 42?4 K&. Ko2%o"e" 4a' 3e!$i!i $a!i >V 0$a!a *R Q &,&P 42?4 K

$a" >V 4a' a%i *R Q P-,> 42?4 K. Te"30a" o"'3a"3a *R$a" >V 4a' a%i *R Q P-,> 42?4 K. Te"30a" o"'3a"3a *R

$a" $e"'i36 *$a" $e"'i36 * $a!i 4a' ca2%0!a" 'e!3a o2%o'i'i ;ol02e $a!i 4a' ca2%0!a" 'e!3a o2%o'i'i ;ol02e

2a'i"482a'i"4 o2%o"e" 4a'.2a'i"482a'i"4 o2%o"e" 4a'.


Ko"'3a"3a 4a' ca2%0!a":Ko"'3a"3a 4a' ca2%0!a":

$ kg kgm % 47,315,73)05,0(77,29)95,0( =+=

molekg kg

% % BM

total

total −=== 9,26

47,318480

/e!a3 2ole0l ca2%0!a" 4a':/e!a3 2ole0l ca2%0!a" 4a':


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(e!'e"3a'e *V ;ol02e 2a'i"482a'i"4 4a':(e!'e"3a'e *V ;ol02e 2a'i"482a'i"4 4a':

3

2,14,22

9,26

* m

kg

v

BM total total

=== ρ

De"'i36 4a' ca2%0!a":De"'i36 4a' ca2%0!a":

( ) %5,88885,047,31

27,2995,0 ====

total

u#arau#arau#ara %

% g r

( ) %5,11115,047,31

5,7305,0 ====

total

api

apiapi

%

% g r

/A/ I HUKUM TERMODINAMIKA I/A/ I HUKUM TERMODINAMIKA I


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71

Ko"'e% e"e!4i 2ea"i Ko"'e% e"e!4i 2ea"i E"e!4i?e!7a, e"e!4i i"e3iE"e!4i?e!7a, e"e!4i i"e3i

$a" e"e!4i %o3e"'ial$a" e"e!4i %o3e"'ial

'i'3e2'i'3e2

li"3a'a"li"3a'a"

Ma''a 'i'3e2 *2 5e!4e!aMa''a 'i'3e2 *2 5e!4e!a

$e"4a" ece%a3a" Q $'?$3.$e"4a" ece%a3a" Q $'?$3.

Ma''a $ie"ai 4a6a F $a" 4a6a FMa''a $ie"ai 4a6a F $a" 4a6a F

3e!'e503 $i0!aia" 2e"7a$i 4a6a3e!'e503 $i0!aia" 2e"7a$i 4a6aFF'' 'e%a"7a"4 li"3a'a" $a" 4a6a'e%a"7a"4 li"3a'a" $a" 4a6a

"o!2al F"o!2al F"" 3e4a l0!0' li"3a'a".3e4a l0!0' li"3a'a".

Da!i h002 Ne#3o" II 3e"3a"4 4e!aa", 4a6a a$alahDa!i h002 Ne#3o" II 3e"3a"4 4e!aa", 4a6a a$alah%e!alia" 2a''a 'i'3e2 $e"4a" %e!ce%a3a""6a.%e!alia" 2a''a 'i'3e2 $e"4a" %e!ce%a3a""6a.

F Q 2 aF Q 2 a

=

#t

#V m F s

/A/ I HUKUM TERMODINAMIKA I/A/ I HUKUM TERMODINAMIKA I

#V#s#V#V


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72

'i'3e2'i'3e2

li"3a'a"li"3a'a" ∫ ∫ =2

1

2

1

s

s

s

V

V

#s F #V V m

( )2

1

2

22

12

1V V m#V V m

V

V −=∫ E"e!4i i"e3i, EE"e!4i i"e3i, E QQ 2 2

&&

(e!05aha" e"e!4i i"e3i,(e!05aha" e"e!4i i"e3i, WWEE QQ 2 * 2 *&&&& 8 8 11

&&

E"e!4i i"e3i $i%e"4a!0hi oleh fa3o! ece%a3a" $a!i 'i'3e2.E"e!4i i"e3i $i%e"4a!0hi oleh fa3o! ece%a3a" $a!i 'i'3e2.ENERGI KINETIK ENERGI KINETIK

=

=

=

#s

#V V m

#t

#s

#s

#V m

#t

#V m F s FF'' $' Q 2 $$' Q 2 $

ENERGI (OTENSIALENERGI (OTENSIAL


73/432

73

99&&

9911

99

2 42 4

R R

502i502i

( ) ∫ ∫ −=−2

1

2

1

2

1

2

221

(

(

(

(

#( g m#( %V V m

( )122

1

( ( mg #( g m

(

(

−=

∫ ( ) ( ) ∫ =−+−

2

1

12

2

1

2

22

1 (

(

#( % ( ( g mV V m

E"e!4i %o3e'ial *4!a;i3a'i, EE"e!4i %o3e'ial *4!a;i3a'i, E%% QQ 2 4 92 4 9

(e!05aha" e"e!4i %o3e"'ial,(e!05aha" e"e!4i %o3e"'ial, WWEE%% QQ 2 4 *92 4 *9&& = 9 = 911

E"e!4i %o3e"'ial $i%e"4a!0hi oleh fa3o! e3i"44ia" a3a0E"e!4i %o3e"'ial $i%e"4a!0hi oleh fa3o! e3i"44ia" a3a0

ele;a'i $a!i 'i'3e2.ele;a'i $a!i 'i'3e2.

7 i 7 iK 7 $ l h li 3 $ 7 li 3


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74

$$

((

11 &&

$'$'

11

&&

F'F'

F'F'

Dia4!a2 % 8 , e!7a 4a'Dia4!a2 % 8 , e!7a 4a'$ala2 Sili"$e!$ala2 Sili"$e!

Ke!7a a$alah %e!alia" a"3a!a 4a6a $e"4a" 7a!a li"3a'a""6a.Ke!7a a$alah %e!alia" a"3a!a 4a6a $e"4a" 7a!a li"3a'a""6a.

F: 4a6a *NJ l5, $': li"3a'a" *2J f3 F: 4a6a *NJ l5, $': li"3a'a" *2J f3

F Q A %F Q A % %: 3ea"a" %a$a %i'3o".%: 3ea"a" %a$a %i'3o".

a$i, $+ Q % A $'. 'e$a"4a"a$i, $+ Q % A $'. 'e$a"4a"

A $' Q $A $' Q $

$ : %e!5e$aa" ;ol02e$ : %e!5e$aa" ;ol02e

Ke!7a, $+ Q F $'Ke!7a, $+ Q F $'

Sa30a" e!7a: *N2 J o0le J Sa30a" e!7a: *N2 J o0le J

Ke!7a 3o3al, $+ Q % $Ke!7a 3o3al, $+ Q % $

∫ =2

1

V

V

#V pW

CONTOH SOAL: (ERU/AHAN ENERGICONTOH SOAL: (ERU/AHAN ENERGI


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75

CONTOH SOAL: (ERU/AHAN ENERGICONTOH SOAL: (ERU/AHAN ENERGI

Si'3e2 2e2%0"6ai 2a''a, 2 Q 1 4 5e!4e!a $e"4a" e"aia"Si'3e2 2e2%0"6ai 2a''a, 2 Q 1 4 5e!4e!a $e"4a" e"aia"

ece%a3a" $a!i 1> 2?' 2e"7a$i -@ 2?' %a$a ele;a'i $a!i 1> 2 eece%a3a" $a!i 1> 2?' 2e"7a$i -@ 2?' %a$a ele;a'i $a!i 1> 2 e

> 2. Te"30a" %e!05aha" e"e!4i i"e3i $a" %o3e"'ial.> 2. Te"30a" %e!05aha" e"e!4i i"e3i $a" %o3e"'ial.(ENYELESAIAN:(ENYELESAIAN:

(e!05aha" e"e!4i i"e3i,(e!05aha" e"e!4i i"e3i, WWEE QQ 2 * 2 *&&&& 8 8 11

&&

WWEE QQ *1 4 X*-@ 2?' *1 4 X*-@ 2?'&& = *1> 2?' = *1> 2?'&& Q --P Q @,--P Q --P Q @,--P

(e!05aha" e"e!4i %o3e"'ial,(e!05aha" e"e!4i %o3e"'ial, WWEE%% QQ 2 4 *92 4 *9&& = 9 = 911

WWEE%% QQ *I 4 *,1 2?'*I 4 *,1 2?'&& *1> 2 = > 2 Q ,1 Q @,@1 *1> 2 = > 2 Q ,1 Q @,@1

Kece%a3a", Kece%a3a", 11 Q 1> 2?' $a" Q 1> 2?' $a" && Q -@ 2?'Q -@ 2?'

Ke3i"44ia"?ele;a'i, 9Ke3i"44ia"?ele;a'i, 911 Q 1> 2 $a" 9Q 1> 2 $a" 9&& Q > 2Q > 2

(e!ce%a3a" 4!a;i3a'i 502i, 4 Q ,1 2?'(e!ce%a3a" 4!a;i3a'i 502i, 4 Q ,1 2?'&&

(a$a 3e!2o$i"a2ia 3e"i, %e!05aha" e"e!4i 3o3al %a$a 'i'3e2(a$a 3e!2o$i"a2ia 3e"i, %e!05aha" e"e!4i 3o3al %a$a 'i'3e2


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76

(a$a 3e!2o$i"a2ia 3e"i, %e!05aha" e"e!4i 3o3al %a$a 'i'3e2(a$a 3e!2o$i"a2ia 3e"i, %e!05aha" e"e!4i 3o3al %a$a 'i'3e2

$a%a3 $ila'ifia'ia" 3e!$i!i $a!i:$a%a3 $ila'ifia'ia" 3e!$i!i $a!i:

1.1. E"e!4i i"e3i, %e"4a!0h $a!i fa3o! ece%a3a" *E"e!4i i"e3i, %e"4a!0h $a!i fa3o! ece%a3a" *WWEE ,,

&.&. E"e!4i %o3e"'ial, %e"4a!0h $a!i fa3o! e3i"44ia" *E"e!4i %o3e"'ial, %e"4a!0h $a!i fa3o! e3i"44ia" *WWEE%%,,

-.-. E"e!4i $ala2 *i"3e!"al e"e!46, fa3o! ea$aa" 'i'3e2 *E"e!4i $ala2 *i"3e!"al e"e!46, fa3o! ea$aa" 'i'3e2 *WWU.U.

(e!05aha" e"e!4i 3o3al %a$a 'i'3e2 a$alah:(e!05aha" e"e!4i 3o3al %a$a 'i'3e2 a$alah:

EE&& = E = E11 Q *EQ *E&& 8 E8 E11 *E *E%&%& 8 E8 E%1%1 *U *U&& = U = U11

**WWEE Q *Q *WWEE * *WWEE%% * *WWUU

H002 3e!2o$i"a2ia IH002 3e!2o$i"a2ia I

ia $iia $i5e!ia" 'e702lah %a"a' ecil $ %a$a '5e!ia" 'e702lah %a"a' ecil $ %a$a '0a0a30 'i'3e230 'i'3e2

*4a',*4a', 2aa2aa 4a'4a' 3e!'e503 5e!e'%a"'i $a" 2ela0a" e!7a3e!'e503 5e!e'%a"'i $a" 2ela0a" e!7a

l0a! 6a"4 ecil 'e5e'a! $+.l0a! 6a"4 ecil 'e5e'a! $+.

4a'4a'

&&11$$

$+$+

$U$U

DDi'a2%i"4 i30 %e2a"a'a" 3e!ha$a%i'a2%i"4 i30 %e2a"a'a" 3e!ha$a% 4a'4a' 704a 2e"i250la":704a 2e"i250la":


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77

4a'4a'

&&11$$

$+$+

$U$U

DDi'a2%i"4 i30, %e2a"a'a" 3e!ha$a%i'a2%i"4 i30, %e2a"a'a" 3e!ha$a% 4a'4a' 704a 2e"i250la": 704a 2e"i250la":

1.1. (e!05aha" e"e!4i i"e3i *(e!05aha" e"e!4i i"e3i *WWEE ,,

&.&. (e!05aha" E"e!4i %o3e"'ial *(e!05aha" E"e!4i %o3e"'ial *WWEE%%,,

-.-. (e!05aha" E"e!4i $ala2 *(e!05aha" E"e!4i $ala2 *WWU.U.

Defi"i'i h002 3e!2o$i"a2ia I: 702lah e"e!4i 6a"4Defi"i'i h002 3e!2o$i"a2ia I: 702lah e"e!4i 6a"4

3e!a"$0"4 %a'a 'i'3e2 *E Q 702lah e"e!4i %a"a' 6a"43e!a"$0"4 %a'a 'i'3e2 *E Q 702lah e"e!4i %a"a' 6a"4

$i3!a"'fe! e 'i'3e2 * = e"e!4i 6a"4 $i3!a"'fe! el0a!$i3!a"'fe! e 'i'3e2 * = e"e!4i 6a"4 $i3!a"'fe! el0a!

'i'3e2 5e!0%a e!7a *+.'i'3e2 5e!0%a e!7a *+.

Seca!a 2a3e2a3ia $a%a3 $i30li':Seca!a 2a3e2a3ia $a%a3 $i30li':

EE&& = E = E11 Q = +Q = +

**WWEE * *WWEE%% * *WWU Q = +U Q = +

ia 'i'3e2 a$alah 3e!3030%, 2aa *ia 'i'3e2 a$alah 3e!3030%, 2aa *WWEE Q @, *Q @, *WWEE%% Q @Q @


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78

**WWEE * *WWEE%% * *WWU Q = +U Q = +

a$i h002 3e!2o$i"a2ia I 2e"7a$i: U Q = +a$i h002 3e!2o$i"a2ia I 2e"7a$i: U Q = +

Q U + Q U + $ Q $U $+$ Q $U $+

KETENTUAN:KETENTUAN:

1.1. (a"a' * 2a'0 e 'i'3e2, 5e!3a"$a %o'i3if.(a"a' * 2a'0 e 'i'3e2, 5e!3a"$a %o'i3if.&.&. (a"a' * el0a! $a!i 'i'3e2, 5e!3a"$a "e4a3if.(a"a' * el0a! $a!i 'i'3e2, 5e!3a"$a "e4a3if.

-.-. Si'3e2 2ela0a" e!7a l0a! *+, + 5e!3a"$a %o'i3if.Si'3e2 2ela0a" e!7a l0a! *+, + 5e!3a"$a %o'i3if.

.. Si'3e2 $ie"ai e!7a l0a! *+, + 5e!3a"$a "e4a3if.Si'3e2 $ie"ai e!7a l0a! *+, + 5e!3a"$a "e4a3if.

>.>. (e!05aha" e"e!4i $ala2 *(e!05aha" e"e!4i $ala2 *WWU Q UU Q U&& = U = U11 30!0", 7ia 30!0", 7ia %a"a'%a"a'

* 2a'0 'i'3e2 $a" 2ela0a" e!7a l0a! *+.* 2a'0 'i'3e2 $a" 2ela0a" e!7a l0a! *+.

B.B. (e!05aha" e"e!4i $ala2 *(e!05aha" e"e!4i $ala2 *WWU Q UU Q U&& = U = U11 "ai, 7ia "ai, 7ia 'i'3e2'i'3e2

$ie"ai e!7a l0a! *+ $a" %a"a' * el0a! $a!i 'i'3e2.$ie"ai e!7a l0a! *+ $a" %a"a' * el0a! $a!i 'i'3e2.

CONTOH SOAL:CONTOH SOAL:


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79

CONTOH SOAL:

4 4a' 3e!$a%a3 $ala2 'ili"$e! 3o!a, h050"4a" a"3a!a 4 4a' 3e!$a%a3 $ala2 'ili"$e! 3o!a, h050"4a" a"3a!a

3ea"a" $a" ;ol02e a$alah: %3ea"a" $a" ;ol02e a$alah: %1,>1,> Q o"'3a". Tea"a" $a"Q o"'3a". Tea"a" $a"

;ol02e a#al - 5a! a5'ol03 $a" @,1 2;ol02e a#al - 5a! a5'ol03 $a" @,1 2--

. ol02e ahi! 2e"7a$i. ol02e ahi! 2e"7a$i@,& 2@,& 2-- $a" %e!05aha" e"e!4i $ala2,$a" %e!05aha" e"e!4i $ala2, WWU Q 8 - ?4. Te"30a"U Q 8 - ?4. Te"30a"

%a"a' 6a"4 $i3!a"'fe! e 'i'3e2.%a"a' 6a"4 $i3!a"'fe! e 'i'3e2.

11 Q @,1 2Q @,1 2-- $a" $a" && Q @,& 2Q @,& 2

--, 7a$i %!o'e', 7a$i %!o'e'

5e!la"4'0"4 e'%a"'i5e!la"4'0"4 e'%a"'i


∫ =2

1

V

V

#V pW

Ke!7a 6a"4 $iha'ila":Ke!7a 6a"4 $iha'ila":WW0 Q 00 Q 0&& = 0 = 011 Q 8 -?4Q 8 -?4

++

%%1,>1,> QQ

o"'3a"o"'3a" A!ea Q e!7aA!ea Q e!7a

%%1,>1,> QQ

o"'3a"o"'3a"

%1 >1 > 3o"'3a"5,15,1 VpVp =


80/432

80

%%1,>1,> Q o"'3a"Q o"'3a" 2211 V pV p =

2

5

5,15,1

2

1

12

1006,106,12,0

1,03

m

N xbar

V

V p p

==

=

=

((11 Q - 5a! Q - < 1@Q - 5a! Q - < 1@>> N?2N?2&&

((11 Q 1,@B 5a! Q 1,@B < 1@Q 1,@B 5a! Q 1,@B < 1@>> N?2N?2&&

( ) ( )k)

m

N x xW 6,1717600

15,1

2,01006,11,01032

55

==−

−−=

Ke!7a 6a"4 $ila0a" 'i'3e2 *a$ia5a3i:Ke!7a 6a"4 $ila0a" 'i'3e2 *a$ia5a3i:

A!ea Q e!7aA!ea Q e!7a

%%1,>1,> QQ

o"'3a"o"'3a"

)(1

12211 V pV p

k W −

−=

(e!'a2aa" h002 3e!2o$i"a2ia I:(e!'a2aa" h002 3e!2o$i"a2ia I:


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81

**WWEE * *WWEE%% * *WWU Q = +U Q = +

Ka!e"a %!o'e' 5e!la"4'0"4 $e"4a" 'i'3e2 3e!3030%, 2aa:Ka!e"a %!o'e' 5e!la"4'0"4 $e"4a" 'i'3e2 3e!3030%, 2aa:

**WWEE * *WWEE%% * *WWU Q = +U Q = + 2 *02 *0&& = 0 = 011 Q 8 + Q 8 +

(e!'a2aa" h002 3e!2o$i"a2ia I:(e!'a2aa" h002 3e!2o$i"a2ia I:

2 *02 *0&& = 0 = 011 Q 8 + Q 8 +

Q 2 *0 Q 2 *0&& = 0 = 011 + +

(a"a' 6a"4 $i3!a"'fe! e 'i'3e2:(a"a' 6a"4 $i3!a"'fe! e 'i'3e2:

Q *8 - 1P,B Q >,B Q *8 - 1P,B Q >,B (a"a' 5e!3a"$a %o'i3if, 5e!a!3i %a"a' 2a'0 e 'i'3e2.(a"a' 5e!3a"$a %o'i3if, 5e!a!3i %a"a' 2a'0 e 'i'3e2.

EKIALEN (ANAS * DENGAN KERA *+EKIALEN (ANAS * DENGAN KERA *+


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82

* * * *

E"e!4i 2ea"i a3a0 e!7a $a%a3 2e"4ha'ila" %a"a', 'e5a4aiE"e!4i 2ea"i a3a0 e!7a $a%a3 2e"4ha'ila" %a"a', 'e5a4ai

co"3oh $0a 50ah 5a30 $i4e'ea" $a%a3 2e"4ha'ila" a%i.co"3oh $0a 50ah 5a30 $i4e'ea" $a%a3 2e"4ha'ila" a%i.

Se5ali"6a, e"e!4i %a"a' $a%a3 2e"4ha'ila" e!7a, 'e5a4aiSe5ali"6a, e"e!4i %a"a' $a%a3 2e"4ha'ila" e!7a, 'e5a4ai

co"3oh 2e'i" 0a% $a%a3 5e!4e!a oleh %a"a' ha'il $a!i %!o'e'co"3oh 2e'i" 0a% $a%a3 5e!4e!a oleh %a"a' ha'il $a!i %!o'e'

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Sa30a" e!7a a3a0 e"e!4i: 42 a3a0 N2Sa30a" e!7a a3a0 e"e!4i: 42 a3a0 N2

1 cal a$alah 702lah %a"a' 6a"4 $i5030ha" 0"301 cal a$alah 702lah %a"a' 6a"4 $i5030ha" 0"30

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(a"a' $a" e!7a $a%a3 ei;ale" $a" $io";e!'i 'a30 'a2a(a"a' $a" e!7a $a%a3 ei;ale" $a" $io";e!'i 'a30 'a2a

lai", 6ai30:lai", 6ai30:

Q A + Q A +

Q A + Q A +


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: 702lah %a"a' *cal 6a"4 $io";e!'i 2e"7a$i e!7a.: 702lah %a"a' *cal 6a"4 $io";e!'i 2e"7a$i e!7a.

+: e!7a a3a0 e"e!4i *42 6a"4 $i$a%a3 $a!i %a"a' .+: e!7a a3a0 e"e!4i *42 6a"4 $i$a%a3 $a!i %a"a' .A: oefi'ie" %!o%o!'io"alA: oefi'ie" %!o%o!'io"al

H050"4a" a"3a!a %a"a' $e"4a" e"e!4i 2ea"i $i'e503H050"4a" a"3a!a %a"a' $e"4a" e"e!4i 2ea"i $i'e503

HUKUM KONSERASI ENERGI, 2e"6a3aa" 5ah#a e"e!4iHUKUM KONSERASI ENERGI, 2e"6a3aa" 5ah#a e"e!4i

3i$a $a%a3 $ihila"4a", 3e3a%i ha"6a $a%a3 $io";e!'i e3i$a $a%a3 $ihila"4a", 3e3a%i ha"6a $a%a3 $io";e!'i e$ala2 5e"30 e"e!4i lai".$ala2 5e"30 e"e!4i lai".

W

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Q A + Q A +

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a$i: 1 cal Q &P 42a$i: 1 cal &P 42

Seca!a i$eal, 'e3ia% e!7a 2ea"i 'e5e'a! 1 42 2e"4ha'ila"Seca!a i$eal, 'e3ia% e!7a 2ea"i 'e5e'a! 1 42 2e"4ha'ila"%a"a' 'e5e'a! 1?&P cal $a" 'e5ali"6a 'e3ia% 1 cal %a"a'%a"a' 'e5e'a! 1?&P cal $a" 'e5ali"6a 'e3ia% 1 cal %a"a'

$a%a3 2e"4ha'ila" e!7a 2ea"i 'e5e'a! &P 42.$a%a3 2e"4ha'ila" e!7a 2ea"i 'e5e'a! &P 42.

(a$a i"$0'3!i, 'e!i"4 $i40"aa" 'a30a" TENAGA KUDA(a$a i"$0'3!i, 'e!i"4 $i40"aa" 'a30a" TENAGA KUDA

*% a3a0 *HORSE (O+ER*% a3a0 *HORSE (O+ER h%h%

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1 h% 8 h! Q P> *B@ *B@ Q &P@.@@@ 421 h% 8 h! Q P> *B@ *B@ Q &P@.@@@ 42

h!: ho0! a3a0 7a2.h!: ho0! a3a0 7a2.

k!al hr hp 632427

000.2701 ==−

Se$a"4a" 'a30a" e"e!4i li'3!i *#h, 6ai30 $a6a 'e3ia% #Se$a"4a" 'a30a" e"e!4i li'3!i *#h, 6ai30 $a6a 'e3ia% #


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k!al k+h 860427

200.3671 ==

KONERSI DARI HORSE(O+ER MENADI KILO+ATTKONERSI DARI HORSE(O+ER MENADI KILO+ATT


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Da6a 0$a a3a0 3e"a4a 0$a a$alah 0"i3 %e"400!a" $a6aDa6a 0$a a3a0 3e"a4a 0$a a$alah 0"i3 %e"400!a" $a6a

6a"4 'e3a!a $e"4a" P-B hi"44a PB #a33.6a"4 'e3a!a $e"4a" P-B hi"44a PB #a33.

Defi"i'i $a6a 0$a 5e!;a!ia'i 3e!4a"30"4 a%lia'i"6a:Defi"i'i $a6a 0$a 5e!;a!ia'i 3e!4a"30"4 a%lia'i"6a:

Da6a 0$a 2ea"i'?hi$!oli *Da6a 0$a 2ea"i'?hi$!oli *mechanical horsepower mechanical horsepower

a$alah "ilai 6a"4 5e'a!"6a 'e3a!a >>@ ai8%o0"$ %e! $e3ia$alah "ilai 6a"4 5e'a!"6a 'e3a!a >>@ ai8%o0"$ %e! $e3i

*f38l5?' a3a0 'e3a!a $e"4a" PB #a33.*f38l5?' a3a0 'e3a!a $e"4a" PB #a33.

U"30 2o3o! li'3!i, 'a30 $a6a 0$a 'e3a!a $e"4a" PB #a33.U"30 2o3o! li'3!i, 'a30 $a6a 0$a 'e3a!a $e"4a" PB #a33.

A"4a 6a"4 3e!30li' %a$a la5el 2e!0%aa" $a6a o03%03,A"4a 6a"4 3e!30li' %a$a la5el 2e!0%aa" $a6a o03%03,

50a" $a6a i"%03.50a" $a6a i"%03.

Da6a 0$a 2e3!i *Da6a 0$a 2e3!i *metric horsepower metric horsepower a$alah "ilai 6a"4 a$alah "ilai 6a"45e'a!"6a 'e3a!a $e"4a" P> *42?', a3a0 'e3a!a $e"4a"5e'a!"6a 'e3a!a $e"4a" P> *42?', a3a0 'e3a!a $e"4a"

P-B #a33.P-B #a33.

CONTOH SOAL:CONTOH SOAL:

1 D l 7i 5 i $ P@ l?1 D l 7i 5 i $ P@ l?


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(ENYELESAIAN:(ENYELESAIAN:Me'i" 0a%Me'i" 0a%

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+ Q 1>@ < P> < B@ < B@ Q @.>@@.@@@ 42+ Q 1>@ < P> < B@ < B@ Q @.>@@.@@@ 42

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a!e"a 3e!$a%a3 %a"a' 6a"4 hila"4 oleh !a$ia'i.a!e"a 3e!$a%a3 %a"a' 6a"4 hila"4 oleh !a$ia'i.

&. (e25a"4i3 3e"a4a li'3!i 2e"4o"'02'i 5aha" 5aa!&. (e25a"4i3 3e"a4a li'3!i 2e"4o"'02'i 5aha" 5aa!


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/a305a!a &@ 3o" Q &@.@@@ 4/a305a!a &@ 3o" Q &@.@@@ 4


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'e3ia% B 7a2 $a" efi'ie"'i &@V:'e3ia% B 7a2 $a" efi'ie"'i &@V:

Q &@.@@@ < P@@@ < @,& Q &.@@@.@@@ cal Q &@.@@@ < P@@@ < @,& Q &.@@@.@@@ cal

kWh*

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=== 1 +h Q B@ cal1 +h Q B@ cal

5a305a!a &@ 3o" 'e3ia% B 7a2, 1 4 5a305a!a 2e"4ha'ila"5a305a!a &@ 3o" 'e3ia% B 7a2, 1 4 5a305a!a 2e"4ha'ila"

%a"a' P.@@@ cal. Te"30a" $a6a li'3!i 6a"4 $iha'ila" 7ia%a"a' P.@@@ cal. Te"30a" $a6a li'3!i 6a"4 $iha'ila" 7ia

ha"6a &@ V %a"a' 6a"4 $io";e!'i 2e"7a$i e"e!4i li'3!i.ha"6a &@ V %a"a' 6a"4 $io";e!'i 2e"7a$i e"e!4i li'3!i.

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(a$a $ia4!a2 % = ;, 'i'3e2 *4a' 5e!05ah(a$a $ia4!a2 % = ;, 'i'3e2 *4a' 5e!05ah

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