terrestrial trunked radio - wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Terrestrial Trunked RadioFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Terrestrial Trunked Radio [1] (TETRA ; fo rmerly known a s Trans-European Trunked Radio ) is a

professional mo bile radio [2] and two-wa y transceiver specification. TETRA w as sp ecifically designed for use bygovernment agencies, emergency services, (police forces, fire departments, ambulance) for public safetynetworks, rail transport staff for train radios, transport services and the military.

TETRA is a European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) standard, first version published 1995; it

is mentione d by the E uropean Radiocommunications Committee (ERC). [3]

Contents

1 Description2 Advantage s3 Disadvanta ges4 TETRA us age5 Techn ical details

5.1 Ra dio aspects5.2 Radio frequencies5.3 Air interface en cryption

5.3.1 Additional information5.4 Cell s election

5.4. 1 Cell re-selection (or hand-over) in images5.4.2 Initial cell selection5.4.3 Cell improvable5.4.4 Cell usable5.4.5 Cell relinquishable (abandonable)5.4.6 Radio down-link failure

6 Man-mac hine interface (MMI)6.1 Virtual MMI for TETRA radio term inals6.2 TETRA M MI

6.3 TETRA Enhanced Data Service (TEDS)7 See also8 Refe rences9 External links

Description

TETRA uses Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) with four user channels on one radio carrier and 25 kHz

spacing between carriers. Both point-to-point and point-to-multipoint transfer can be used. Digital datatransmission is also included in the standard though at a low data rate.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-point_(telecommunications)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-point_(telecommunications)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-multipointhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_Division_Multiple_Accesshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_Division_Multiple_Accesshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_Division_Multiple_Accesshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrier_wavehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_Communications_Committeehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Telecommunications_Standards_Institutehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_safety_networkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Train_radio&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_safety_networkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Professional_mobile_radiohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trunked_radio_systemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-multipointhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-point_(telecommunications)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrier_wavehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_Division_Multiple_Accesshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_Communications_Committeehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Telecommunications_Standards_Institutehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Militaryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Train_radio&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_safety_networkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambulancehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_departmentshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Policehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Professional_mobile_radiohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trunked_radio_system


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TETRA Mobile Stations (MS) can communicate direct-mode operation (DMO) or using trunked-modeoperation (TMO) using switching and management infrastructure (SwMI) made of TETRA base stations (TBS).As well as allowing direct communications in situations where network coverage is not available, DMO alsoincludes the possibility of using a sequence of one or more TETRA terminals as relays. This functionality is calledDMO gateway (from DMO to TMO) or DMO repeater (from DMO to DMO). In emergency situations thisfeature allows direct communications underground or in areas of bad coverage.

In addition to voice and dispatch services, the TETRA system supports several types of data communication.Status messages and short data services (SDS) are provided over the system's main control channel, while

packet-switched data or circuit-switched data communication uses specifically assigned channels.

TETRA provides for authentication of terminals towards infrastructure and vice versa. For protection againsteavesdropping, air interface encryption and end-to-end encryption is available.

The common mode of operation is in a group calling mode in which a single button push will connect the user tothe users in a selected call group and/or a dispatcher. It is also possible for the terminal to act as a one-to-onewalkie talkie but without the normal range limitation since the call still uses the network. TETRA terminals canact as mobile phones (cell phones), with a full-duplex direct connection to other TETRA Users or the PSTN.Emergency buttons, provided on the terminals, enable the users to transmit emergency signals, to the dispatcher,overriding any other activity taking place at the same time.

Advantages

The main advantages of TETRA over other technologies (such as GSM) are:

The much lower frequency used gives longer range, which in turn permits very high levels of geographiccoverage with a smaller number of transmitters, thus cutting infrastructure costs.

During a voice call, the communications are not interrupted when moving to another network site. This isa unique feature, which dPMR networks typically provide, that allows a number of fall-back modes suchas the ability for a base station to process local calls. So called 'mission critical' networks can be built withTETRA where all aspects are fail-safe/multiple-redundant.In the absence of a network, mobiles/portables can use 'direct mode' whereby they share channelsdirectly (walkie-talkie mode).Gateway mode - where a single mobile with connection to the network can act as a relay for other nearby mobiles that are out of range of the infrastructure.TETRA also provides a point-to-point function that traditional analogue emergency services radio

systems did not provide. This enables users to have a one-to-one trunked 'radio' link between setswithout the need for the direct involvement of a control room operator/dispatcher.Unlike cellular technologies, which connect one subscriber to one other subscriber (one-to-one), TETRAis built to do one-to-one, one-to-many and many-to-many. These operational modes are directly relevantto the public safety and professional users.Security TETRA supports terminal registration, authentication, air-interface encryption and end-to-endencryption.Rapid deployment (transportable) network solutions are available for disaster relief and temporarycapacity provision.Equipment is available from many suppliers around the world, thus providing the benefits of interoperablecompetition.

Network solutions are available in both reliable circuit-switched (telephone like) architectures and flat, IParchitectures with soft (software) switches.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/End-to-end_encryptionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Many-to-manyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-multipoint_communicationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSMhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dispatcherhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSTNhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full-duplex#Full-duplexhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_phonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dispatcherhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_callhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trunked_radio_system


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Further information is available from the TETRA Association (http://www.tetra-association.com/) (formerlyTETRA MoU) and the standards can be downloaded for free from ETSI.

Disadvantages

Its main disadvantages are:

Requires a linear amplifier to meet the stringent RF specifications that allow it to exist alongside other radio services.Data transfer is efficient and long range (many km), but slow by modern standards.

Up to 7.2 kbit/s per timeslot, in the case of point-to-point connections, and 3.5 kbit/s per timeslot in case of IPencapsulation. Both options permit the use of between one and four timeslots. Different implementations includeone of the previous connectivity capabilities, both, or none, and one timeslot or more. These rates are ostensiblyfaster than the competing technologies DMR, dPMR, and P25 are capable of). Latest version of standardsupports 115.2 kbit/s in 25 kHz or up to 691.2 kbit/s in an expanded 150 kHz channel. To overcome thelimitations many software vendors have begun to consider hybrid solutions where TETRA is used for critical

signalling while large data synchronization and transfer of images and video is done over 3G / LTE. [4]

TETRA usage

At the end of 2009 there were 114 countries using TETRA systems in Western Europe, Eastern Europe,

Middle East, Africa, Asia Pacific, Caribbean and Latin America. [5]

The TETRA-system is in use by the public sector in the following countries. Only TETRA network infrastructureinstallations are listed. TETRA being an open standard, each of these networks can use any mix of TETRAmobile terminals from a wide range of suppliers.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_amplifierhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ETSIhttp://www.tetra-association.com/


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Continent Country Supplier Name Agency Status

Asia Chinamainland EADS / Cassidian Shenyang Metro Transport

In use: Line 1Rolling out: Line2[6]

DAMM TetraFlexGuangzhou Electric

Power

Utility - GuangZhouElectric Power

EmergencyCommunication

In Use 2010

EADS / Cassidian Shenzhen Metro TransportOrdered5/2010 [7]

EADS / Cassidian Guangzhou16th Asian Games in2010 Ordered 2010

[7]

Hong KongEADS /

Cassidian [8]

Hong KongInternationalAirport (HKIA)

2008 Beijing Olympicsand Paralympic Games

(Hong KongEquestrian Event)

Used from July2008 to October 2008

EADS / CassidianHong Kong FireServicesDepartment

Fire service andambulance

In use

Motorola / DimetraHong Kong PoliceForce

Police In use

ArteveaMass Transit

Railway (MTR)[9] Transport In use

Motorola / DimetraHong KongInternationalAirport (HKIA)

TransportIn use since Feb2009 [10]

India

Artevea

Military College of TelecommunicationEngineering(MCTE)

Indian ArmyIn use since 2004at Mhow, Indore,Madhya Pradesh

Motorola / Dimetra Delhi Metro RailCorporation Ltd.

Transport The First TETRAin India, in usesince 2002

DAMM TetraFlex /Consort Digital PvtLtd

Mumbai MonoRail, MumbaiMetropolitanRegionDevelopmentAuthority

(MMRDA)

Mass Transport -Indias first MonorailProject - Mumbai

Awarded2010 [11]

C-DACTETRA withAutomatic Dial 100(AD100)

Kerala policeIn use by police,Trivandrum city,since 2008

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Consort_Digital_Pvt_Ltd&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimetrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arteveahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HKIAhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimetrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTRhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arteveahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimetrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HKIAhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhouhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenzhen_Metrohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhouhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenyang_Metro


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Tamil Nadu policePolice and internalsecurity and safety

Awarded2011 [12]

HCL & MotorolaSecureCommunication

Network Delhi government

IntegratedCommunicationSystem used byvariousdepartmentsunder government of Delhi and Delhi

police since2010.


Gas Authority of India Limited(GAIL)

Gas Pipeline - Safety,Telemetry and Security

Awarded2011 [13]

THALES PortugalS A & Motorola

With PSTN callintegration designed

by Thales Groupfor BMRCL

BMRCL BangaloreMetro CorporationLimited

Transport, in usesince March2011

Sepura & Rohdeand Schwarz

TETRA withAutomatic Dial 100(AD100)

Gurgaon police

In use by police,Gurgaon city [14]

Since 2009. InSalem from

August 2011.

Sepura & Rohdeand Schwarz

TETRA withAutomatic Dial 100(AD100)

Faridabad police

In use by police,Faridabad city,since 2012

Indonesia Motorola / Dimetra,installed &maintained by PT.MobilkomTelekomindo

SCADA PT.Chevron PacificIndonesia

HOOUIn use since 2009at Duri, Riau,Indonesia.

Rohde & Schwarz /Accessnet-T

Jakarta StateGovernment

Network

Jakarta Capital CityJakarta

Operational,Installed since2007

Macao

ArteveaMelco-CrownEntertainment

Casino-Hotels: Altira(formerly CrownMacau), [15] and Cityof Dreams

In use since 2007

Forças deSegurança deMacau

All emergency services In use

Malaysia EADS Segi Maju (SEGI) Public operator In use [16]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arteveahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakartahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rohde_%26_Schwarzhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PT._Mobilkom_Telekomindo&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimetrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMRCLhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMRCLhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thales_Grouphttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Consort_Digital_Pvt_Ltd&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Consort_Digital_Pvt_Ltd&action=edit&redlink=1


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Maldives Motorola / DimetraMaldives PoliceService (MPS)

Police In use

Pakistan Motorola / Dimetra

NITRS NationwideIntegrated Trunk Radio SystemProject for Police

under Ministry of Interior,Government of Pakistan

PoliceIn use Since

2009

PhilippinesMotorolaDimetra/GATechnology andSystems Inc.

Shell Exploration Oil and Gas

In use October 2013, Phase 2On Shore GasPlant for Implementation

MotorolaDimetra/GATechnology andSystems Inc.

Globe Telecom TelecommunicationsCarrier

Implementationon Going ProjectFinish Dec 2013

Rohill (TetraNode)SynTech SystemsInc.

Meralco Electric CompanyImplemented

Nov 2014

Rohill (TetraNode)

SynTech SystemsInc.

LRT-2

Transport (Manila

Light Rail TransitSystem Line 2)

Implemented Oct2015

SouthKorea

EADSKorea ElectricPower Corporation(KEPCO)

Electricity In use [17]

Taiwan

[], Taiwan

RailwaysAdministration,Railway PoliceBureau

In use

AfricaAlgeria Rohde & Schwarz Sonatrach Oil & Gas company

In use since2003.

Sepura Sonelgaz Power utility In use.

Morocco Rohill ADM Highway authorityRolling out /Almostcompleted.

Nigeria Dizengoff/MotorolaIL (Dimetra IP)

Nigeria LNG Oil & Gas Since 2006

Cisan International

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_Nationale_des_Autoroutes_du_Marochttps://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9D%A2%E4%B8%AD%E7%B9%BC%E5%BC%8F%E7%84%A1%E7%B7%9A%E9%9B%BBhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimetra


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Limited/Rohill(TetraNode)

Mobil Ng Oil Since 2014

Dizengoff/MotorolaIL (Compact-TetraIP)

Shell Ng Oil Since 2010

Satcomm Integrated

Resources LLCSatCom IRL/EADS

[18] Nigerian Ports

Authority, Nigeria(Rolling Out) Rolling out

Rohill (TetraNode) Bayelsa State Government Since June 2012

BriscoeTechnologies [19] /Artevea [20]

Lagos / Abuja /Port Harcourt

Oil industry / Airports /security companies

In use Since2006

Namibia Artevea Namibian PoliceForce [21]

PoliceIn use,nationwide

South Africa Police, traffic police SAPS Gauteng Gauteng province

Municipality, fire,and ambulance.

City of Cape Town Cape Peninsula

Rohill (TetraNode)Mbombela LocalMunicipality

Nelspruit,Mpumalanga

Complete

Rohill (TetraNode) City Power Johannesburg,Gauteng

Complete

Rohill (TetraNode)City of TshwaneMunicipality Pretoria, Gauteng Complete

Rohill (TetraNode)RustenburgPlatinum Mine

Potgietersrus,Limpopo

Complete

Sudan Artevea Ministry of Interior Police In use, nationwide

Europe

Austria Motorola / Dimetra TETRONPolice, fire,ambulance, and localtrain company.

In use, in allstates exceptTyrol andVorarlberg (stillrolling out).

Belgium

EADS/Since 1998 A.S.T.R.I.D.

Police, fire,ambulance, customs,coast guard, hospitals,Red Cross,department of Justice,utility companies,airports, ports,lifeguard service,military.

Nationwidenetwork

Motorola 2010/ ENTROPIA Commercial & Private

Antwerp,Belgium /Roaming with

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=A.S.T.R.I.D.&action=edit&redlink=1https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/TETRONhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimetrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arteveahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artevea


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DIMETRA DIGITAL Security users. [22] Entropia Digital inThe Netherlands

Rohde & Schwarzsince 2011/ACCESSNET-T

ENTROPIADIGITAL

Commercial & PrivateSecurity users. [22]

Flanders &Brussels/Roamingwith NationwideThe Netherlands

CroatiaMotorola / Dimetra MUPNet

Police, Fire Brigades,Ambulance Service

Nationwidecoverage(99,5%) in use

Denmark

DAMM TetraFlex

DONG EnergyPower Plants - 11Power Plantsacross Denmark

Utilities - Safety,Security, Telemetry

Awarded2009 [23]

Motorola / Dimetra SINE[24]

All emergency

authorities, incl. police,fire, and ambulance.

Nationwide

coverage(99,5%) in use

EstoniaPolice, fire,ambulance, andcustoms

Rolling out

Russia

DAMM TetraFlex

Moscow Metro(second mostheavily used rapidtransport system inthe world)

Transport - Rail -Telemetry, Safety,Security, Police,

Ambulance, Fire

Awarded2011 [25]

Sepura

Unified system of operational trunkingradio (ЕдинаяСистемаОперативнойТранкинговойРадиосвязи)

Fire, ambulance and partially, police

Launched in2008

DAMM TetraFlexRussias KaliningradPower Plant.

Utility Power Plant -Safety and Security -Telemetry andCommercial agents

Awarded2009 [26]

DAMM TetraFlexSt Petersburg and

North West Russia.

Government -Ambulance andEmergency services,Police, Healthcarefacilities, Utility

services, St.Petersburg Authoritiesand the regional CivilDefence

Awarded2011 [27]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimetrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimetra


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Finland Nokia; now EADS VIRVE

Police, fire,ambulance, customs,defence forces, and

border guard

Nationwidenetwork

HelenNet

Energy companyHelsingin Energia, tramoperator HKL-Raitioliikenne, andseveral bus operatorson HRTA's lines. Alsoused by some securityguard companies,mostly securingHRTA's transport.Available for lease for various short-term

uses.

In use, coversgreater Helsinkiregion

Germany

EADS BOSNET

Police, fire,ambulance, customs,and coast guard.

Nationwide

DAMM TetraFlexGlobal Tech 1Offshore WindGmbH.

Utility Windfarm -Telemetry, Securityand Safety Criticalcommunications

Awarded2012 [28]

Greece Motorola / Dimetra

OTE TETRAServicesFormerly brandedOTElink (2009).

Business Critical andPPDR communications,

public utility and oil-gas companies,seaports, airports,

public and privatetransportationcompanies, public and

private sector security personnel, other. Dataapplicationsnationwide includingSCADA, AVL, M2M.

Extensivenationwidefootprint,70% populationcoverage in

2014, in usesince 2002

Hungary Pro-M Ltd.EDR (acronym for Unified DigitalRadiosystem)

Ambulance, army,Central Office for Administrative andElectronic PublicServices, CivilDefence, HungarianPrison Service,Hungarian Customs

In-use

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OTEhttps://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/BOSNEThttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsingin_seudun_liikennehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki_City_Transporthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsingin_energiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VIRVE


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and Finance Guard,Disaster Management,fire, Hungarian SecretServices, Ministry of Environment andWater, and police

Iceland TETRA Iceland

All emergencyservices, most utilitycompanies, and privateusers

In-use

Ireland Motorola / Dimetra TETRA Ireland

An Garda Siochana,HSE NationalAmbulance Service,Irish Prison Service,Irish Naval Service,Customs & Excise,Civil Defence (Only AFew Units), IrishCoast Guard,Mountain Rescue(Only A Few Units),Order of MaltaAmbulance Corps(Major Events),

National EmergencyOffice, Port of Cork,RevenueCommissioners andOffice of PublicWorks.

Nationwide roll-out network complete. Thefire services are

planning toimplement in thecoming years. Asof July 2011,TETRA Irelandnow operates thenational PagingSystem.

Malta MarconiCivil ProtectionForce [29]

July 2001

Italy

DAMM TetraFlex

Lombardi

AmbulanceEmergencyServices

Ambulance - Security,Safety, Communication Awarded2010 [30]

SELEX ELSAG Rete Interpolizie

Polizia di Stato (Italianstate police),Carabinieri (military

police), Guardia diFinanza (financial

police), Polizia

Penitenziaria (prison police), and CorpoForestale Italiano(Italian forest brigades)

Rolling out

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimetra


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DAMM TetraFlex Rome InternationalAirport

Airport - Security,Safety, Commercial,Fire, Customs, Police

Awarded2009 [31]

Latvia ArteveaVentamonjaksServiss Ltd,Ventspils [32]

Oil and gas In use since 2007

LuxembourgMotorola / Dimetra Renita [33]

Government; Police,Fire Brigade,Ambulance servicesand others

Start building2014,Operational 2015(planned)

Motorola / Dimetra ConnectCom [34] Commercial network Operational

Motorola / Dimetra ConnectCom [34]Public Transport, cityof Luxembourg

Operational

Motorola / Dimetra ConnectCom [34] European Union Operational

Montenegro Motorola / DimetraWirelessMontenegro d.o.o.

Police, Military,Firebrigade,Ambulance

In use since November 2012Podgorica areaonly. Rolling outelsewhere.

NetherlandsMotorola / Dimetra C2000 [35]

Police, fire, andambulance

Nationwidenetwork

Motorola since2007/ Dimetra

ENTROPIADIGITAL Commercial users.

[22]

Nationwide

network /Roaming withEntropia Digital inBelgium

Rohde & Schwarzsince 2010/ACCESSNET-T

ENTROPIADIGITAL

Cityguards andcommercial use [22]

Rotterdam areanetwork /Roaming withEntropia Digital inBelgium

Motorola/ Dimetra HTM [36] Public transport TheHagueRegional network

Norway Motorola / Dimetra Norwegian PublicSafety Radio

Police, fire,ambulance, civildefense and searchand rescue

Roll-out to becompleted byend of 2015

Portugal Motorola SIRESPPolice, fire, andambulance

Nationwide roll-out, in use since2007

Poland MotorolaMinistry of Interior,Polish army, and

Police, fire, publictransport, airports, and

Local TETRA Networks in usesince 2000;national roll-out

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SIRESP&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_Public_Safety_Radiohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimetrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimetrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimetrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimetrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimetrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimetrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimetrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimetrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimetrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artevea


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Warsaw police army. [37] expected to startin 2011.

Rohill (TetraNode)Szczecin, Warsawand Kraków police

Roll-out ongoing.Modern IP basedTETRA solutionfor 3 cities

RomaniaMotorola / Dimetra

SpecialTelecommunicationsService (STS)

Police, fire, and searchand rescue

Nationwide

Motorola Dimetra

Ministry of Administration andInterior (MAI) /Romanian Border Police (RBP)

In use since 2008for police,emergency andsearch andrescue agenciesfrom Romanian

border counties-wide

Cassidian TETRA EADS

Ministry of Administration andInterior (MAI) /Romanian Border Police (RBP)

In use since 2010for police,emergency andsearch andrescue agenciesfrom Romanian

border counties-wide

Serbia Motorola / Dimetra Ministry of Interior Police, Fire Brigades,Ambulance

Fully rolled out asof 2009

Slovenia Selex/OTE/Marconi Ministry of Interior PoliceIn centralSlovenia

Spain Motorola Basque Country Mainly police In use since 2006

Teltronic Basque CountryMainly municipalitiesand public services

In use since 2009

EADS Catalonia Mainly police In use since 2006Sweden

SAAB, Cassidian,Eltel Networks

RAKEL

Managed by the CivilContingencies Agencyfor use by theemergency servicesand others in the fieldsof civil protection,

public safety andsecurity, emergency

medical services andhealthcare.

In operation,covering 99.8%of Sweden's

population and95% of itsterritory

Stockholm PublicTransport: Used by

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cataloniahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basque_Country_(autonomous_community)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basque_Country_(autonomous_community)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimetrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimetrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimetra


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Motorola Tetra

Transport SecurityOfficers for dispatchinternalcommunications,Transport Police("Tunnelbanepolisen")and other police forces

for liaison withtransport officials.Roll-out stage for trainoperations onunderground.

In operation /roll-out

Swedish RadioSupply

Got1

Got1 is a modern IP based Tetra network used in the west partsof Sweden.

In operation /roll-out

UnitedKingdom

Motorola / Dimetra/ Sepura

Airwave

Police, fire, NHSambulance services,Border Force,ImmigrationEnforcement, somearmed forces,Highways AgencyTraffic Officers, CivilContingency Services,HM Coastguard,British Red Cross,Highland Council, andmisc. emergencyservices.

Full emergencyservice roll outcomplete

Motorola / Dimetra CONNECTTransport for London(LondonUnderground)

Used by all Tubestaff and relayingAirwave for BTPwhenunderground

AirRadio AR-en

Use by someservices at somemajor airports

(Heathrow,Birmingham,Manchester, Glasgow,Aberdeen)

MiddleEast

Israel Motorola [38] Mountain RoseIsrael Defense Forces(IDF)

In use by IDF,country-wide

United ArabEmirates

EADS/Cassidian Nedaa

Police, emergencyservices, and

professionalcommunications

Dubai, Sharjah,Ajman, Umm Al-Qaiwain, Ras Al-Khaimah, andFujairah

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fujairahhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ras_Al-Khaimahhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umm_Al-Qaiwainhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajmanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharjah_(emirate)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubaihttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nedaa&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Transport_Policehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airwave_(communications_network)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Undergroundhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Undergroundhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connect_Projecthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimetrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highland_Councilhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Red_Crosshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HM_Coastguardhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highways_Agency_Traffic_Officershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Health_Servicehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airwave_(communications_network)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepurahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimetrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Got1&action=edit&redlink=1


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Damm TetraFlexOrigin Energy(APLNG) [41]

Kordia SolutionsAustralian PacificProject

DAMM TetraFlexFortescue Metalsgroup

Open Cut MiningAwarded2011 [42]

DAMM TetraFlexGorgon LNGProject, Chevron,Australia

Gas and PipelinesAwarded

2011[43]

Motorola Zeon Local government

Operationalacross BrisbaneCity Council,including theBrisbane StateEmergencyService Unit

DAMM TetraFlex AustralianSubmarine Co

Military, Defence,Comms, Safety,Security

Awarded 2012

Motorola Zeon Tertiary education

Used byQueenslandUniversity of Technologysecurity staff.

Sepura

Being used byseveral MiningOperationsthroughoutWestern Australiaand Queensland -Terminals only -

NoInfrastructure.

NewZealand DAMM TetraFlex BHP One Steel

Aluminium Smelter -Ore production -Safety, Security,Operations

Awarded 2012

Kordia KorKor Airports

Used byWellingtonInternationalAirport, Air NewZealand

Kordia KorKor Councils Used by HuttCity, AucklandTransport

Used by

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland_Transporthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutt_Cityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kordiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_New_Zealandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellington_International_Airporthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kordiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepurahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queensland_University_of_Technologyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorolahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane_City_Councilhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorola


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Teltronic Widarcom Commercial Network launched 2008

University of Auckland,Westpac

Technical details

Radio aspects

For its modulation TETRA, uses π ⁄ 4 differential quadrature phase-shift keying. The symbol (baud) rate is 18,000

symbols per second, and each symbol maps to 2 bits, thus resulting in 36,000 bit/s gross.

As a form of phase shift keying is used to transmit data during each burst, it would seem reasonable to expectthe transmit power to be constant. However it is not. This is because the sidebands, which are essentially arepetition of the data in the main carrier's modulation, are filtered off with a sharp filter so that unnecessaryspectrum is not used up. This results in an amplitude modulation and is why TETRA requires linear amplifiers.The resulting ratio of peak to mean (RMS) power is 3.65 dB. If non-linear (or not-linear enough) amplifiers areused, the sidebands re-appear and cause interference on adjacent channels. Commonly used techniques for achieving the necessary linearity include Cartesian loops, and adaptive predistortion.

The base stations normally transmit continuously and (simultaneously) receive continuously from various mobileson different carrier frequencies; hence the TETRA system is a frequency-division duplex (FDD) system. TETRAalso uses FDMA/TDMA (see above) like GSM. The mobiles normally only transmit on 1 slot/4 and receive on1 slot/4 (instead of 1 slot/8 for GSM).

Speech signals in TETRA are sampled at 8 kHz and then compressed with a vocoder using algebraic code-excited linear prediction (ACELP). This creates a data stream of 4.567 kbit/s. This data stream is error-

protection encoded before transmission to allow correct decoding even in noisy (erroneous) channels. The datarate after coding is 7.2 kbit/s. The capacity of a single traffic slot when used 17/18 frames.

A single slot consists of 255 usable symbols, the remaining time is used up with synchronisation sequences andturning on/off, etc. A single frame consists of 4 slots, and a multiframe (whose duration is 1.02 seconds)consists of 18 frames. Hyperframes also exist, but are mostly used for providing synchronisation to encryptionalgorithms.

The downlink (i.e., the output of the base station) is normally a continuous transmission consisting of either specific communications with mobile(s), synchronisation or other general broadcasts. All slots are usually filledwith a burst even if idle (continuous mode). Although the system uses 18 frames per second only 17 of these areused for traffic channels, with the 18th frame reserved for signalling, Short Data Service messages (like SMS inGSM) or synchronisation. The frame structure in TETRA (17.65 frames per second), consists of 18,000symbols/s; 255 symbols/slot; 4 slots/frame, and is the cause of the perceived "amplitude modulation" at 17 Hzand is especially apparent in mobiles/portables which only transmit on one slot/4. They use the remaining threeslots to switch frequency to receive a burst from the base station two slots later and then return to their transmitfrequency (TDMA).

Radio frequencies

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_division_multiple_accesshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACELPhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocoderhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amplifier#Linearityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidebandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase-shift_keying


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TETRA frequencies in SouthAmerica

NumberFrequency pair (MHz)

Band 1 Band 2

Emergency systems

1 380–383 390–393

2 383–385 393–395

Civil systems

1 410–420 420–430

2 870–876 915–921

3 450–460 460–470

4 385–390 395–399.9

TETRA frequencies in other countriesCountry Allocation Frequency pairs (MHz)

France Civilian/private 410–430

Emergency services 380–400

Germany Emergency services 380–385, 390–395

Ireland [44] Civilian/private 385–389.9, 395–399.9

Emergency services 380–385, 390–395

Italy Emergency services / armedforces

380–390

Civilian/private 462

Norway [45] Emergency services 380–385, 390–395, 406.1–426, 870–876

SouthAfrica

TBD TBD

UK Airwave 390.0125–394.9875, 380.0125–384.9875

AirRadio 454, 464 or 460SaudiArabia

350–370, 380–395, 385–399.99, 410–430, 450–470, 870– 921

Air interface encryption

To provide confidentiality the TETRA air interface is encrypted using one of the TETRA Encryption Algorithm(TEA) ciphers. The encryption provides confidentiality (protect against eavesdropping) as well as protection of signalling.

Currently 4 different ciphers are defined. These TEA ciphers should not be confused with the block cipher TinyEncryption Algorithm. The TEA ciphers have different availability due to export and use restrictions. Few details

are published concerning these proprietary ciphers. Riess [46] mentions in early TETRA design documents thatencryption should be done with a stream cipher, due to the property of not propagating transmission errors.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stream_cipherhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiny_Encryption_Algorithm


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RSSI SRT FRT Cell Limit(Propagation Delay Exceed)

Cell initial selection

Parkinson [47] later confirms this and explains that TEA is a stream cipher with 80-bit keys. TEA1 and TEA4

provide basic level security, and are meant for commercial use. [48] The TEA2 cipher is restricted to European

public safety organisations. The TEA3 cipher is for situations where TEA2 is suitable but not available. [49]

Additional information

Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA); Voice plus Data (V+D); Part 7: Security [50]

Cell selection

Cell re-selection (or hand-over) in images

This first representation demonstrates where the slow reselectthreshold (SRT), the fast reselect threshold (FRT), and propagationdelay exceed parameters are most likely to be. These are represented

in association with the decaying radio carrier as the distance increasesfrom the TETRA Base Station.

From this illustration, these SRT and FRT triggering points areassociated to the decaying radio signal strength of the respective cellcarriers. The thresholds are situated so that the cell reselection

procedures occur on time and assure communication continuity for on-going communication calls.

Initial cell selection

The next diagram illustrates where a given TETRA radio cell initialselection. The initial cell selection is performed by procedures locatedin the MLE and in the MAC. When the cell selection is made, and

possible registration is performed, the mobile station (MS) is said to be attached to the cell. The mobile is allowed to initially select anysuitable cell that has a positive C1 value; i.e., the received signal levelis greater than the minimum receive level for access parameter.

The initial cell selection procedure shall ensure that the MS selects a

cell in which it can reliably decode downlink data (i.e., on a maincontrol channel/MCCH), and which has a high probability of uplink communication. The minimum conditions that shall have to be met are that C1 > 0. Access to the network shall

be conditional on the successful selection of a cell.

At mobile switch on, the mobile makes its initial cell selection of one of the base stations, which indicates theinitial exchanges at activation.

Refer to EN 300 392 2 16.3.1 Activation and control of underlying MLE Service Note 18.5.12 Minimum RX access level

The minimum receive access level information element shall indicate the minimum received signal level requiredat the SwMI in a cell, either the serving cell or a neighbour cell as defined in table 18.24.

Cell improvable

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_Stationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cell_initial_selection.JPGhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cell_neighbours_01.svg


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Cell improvable

Cell Usable

Cell relinquishable

The next diagram illustrates where a given TETRA radio cell becomes improvable . The serving cell becomesimprovable when the following occurs: the C1 of the serving cell is

below the value defined in the radio network parameter cellreselection parameters, slow reselect threshold for a period of 5seconds, and the C1 or C2 of a neighbour cell exceeds the C1 of theserving cell by the value defined in the radio network parameter cellreselection parameters, slow reselect hysteresis for a period of 5

seconds.

Cell usable

The next diagram illustrates where a given TETRA radio cell becomesusable . A neighbour cell becomes radio usable when the cell has adownlink radio connection of sufficient quality.

The following conditions must be met in order to declare a neighbour cell radio usable: The neighbour cell has a path loss parameter C1 or C2 that is, for a period of 5 seconds, greater than the fast reselectthreshold plus the fast reselect threshold, and the service level

provided by the neighbour cell is higher than that of the serving cell. No successful cell reselection shall have taken place within the previous 15 seconds unless MM requests a cell reselection. The MS-MLE shall check the criterion for serving cell relinquishment as often as one neighbour cell is scanned or monitored.

The following conditions will cause the MS to rate the neighbour cell to have higher service level than the currentserving cell:

The MS subscriber class is supported on the neighbour cell but not on the serving cell.The neighbour cell is a priority cell and the serving cell is not.The neighbour cell supports a service (that is, TETRA standard speech, packet data, or encryption) thatis not supported by the serving cell and the MS requires that service to be available.The cell service level indicates that the neighbour cell is less loaded than the serving cell.

Cell relinquishable (abandonable)

The next diagram illustrates where a given TETRA radio cell becomesrelinquishable (abandonable ). The serving cell becomesrelinquishable when the following occurs: the C1 of the serving cell is

below the value defined in the radio network parameter cellreselection parameters, fast reselect threshold, for a period of 5seconds, and the C1 or C2 of a neighbour cell exceeds the C1 of theserving cell by the value defined in the radio network parameter cellreselection parameters, fast reselect hysteresis, for a period of 5seconds.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cell_relinquishable_01.JPGhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cell_usable_01.JPGhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cell_improvable.JPG


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Radio down-link failure

No successful cell reselection shall have taken place within the previous 15 seconds unless MobilityManagement (MM) requests a cell reselection. The MS-MLE shall check the criterion for serving cellrelinquishment as often as one neighbour cell is scanned or monitored.

Radio down-link failure

When the FRT threshold is breached, the MS is in a situation where it

is essential to relinquish (or abandon) the serving cell and obtainanother of at least usable quality. That is to say, the mobile station isaware that the radio signal is decaying rapidly, and must cell reselectrapidly, before communications are terminated because of radio link failure. When the mobile station radio-signal breaches the minimumreceive level, the radio is no longer in a position to maintainacceptable communications for the user, and the radio link is broken.

Radio link failure: (C1 < 0). Using the suggested values, this would besatisfied with the serving cell level below −105 dBm. Cell

reselection procedures are then activated in order to find a suitable radio base station.

Infrastructure TETRA parameters guide [a]

Coverage Parameter Distance (km) Type of communication

City < 4 < 8 Pedestrian/metro

Sub-urban 10–18 20–36 Bus/train

Countryside 18–31 36–62 Inter-regional train

In Air > 32 > 64 In flight

a. Data to be verified

Man-machine interface (MMI)

Virtual MMI for TETRA radio terminals

Any given TETRA radio terminal using Java (Java ME/CLDC) based technology, provides the end user with the

communication rights necessary to fulfil his or her work role on any short duration assignment.

For dexterity, flexibility, and evolution ability, the public transportation radio engineering department, havechosen to use the open sources, Java language specification administered by Sun and the associated work groups in order to produce a transport application tool kit .

TETRA MMI

Service acquisition admits different authorised agents to establish communication channels between differentservices by calling the service identity, and without possessing the complete knowledge of the ISSI, GSSI, or

any other TETRA related communication establishment numbering plan. Service acquisition is administeredthrough a communication rights centralised service or roll allocation server , interfaced into the TETRAcore network.

In summary, the TETRA MMI aims are to:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CLDChttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_MEhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Terrestrial_Trunked_Radio_RDF_diagram.jpg


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Advances in DSP technology have led to the introduction of multi-carrier transmission standards employingQAM modulation. WiMAX, Wi-Fi and TEDS standards are part of this family.

Refer also to:

JSR-118;Mobile Information Device Profile, JSR-37;Wireless Messaging API, JSR120;Connected Limited Device Configuration, JSR-139; andTechnology for the Wireless Industry, JTWI-185.

See also

Digital mobile radio, an TDMA digital radio standard from ETSIDigital private mobile radio, an FDMA digital radio standard from ETSI

NXDN, a two-way FDMA digital radio protocol from Icom and JVC KenwoodP25, a TIA APCO standardTETRAPOL, (previously MATRA)

References

1. ETSI EN 300 392-2 v3.2.12. "TETRA Association". TETRA Association. 2012-03-22. Retrieved 2012-03-28.3. "Guide to the R&TTE Directive 1999/5/EC (April 20, 2009)". pp. 9–10.4. Smartphone app/apps over TETRA - Crystal Code AB (http://www.crystalcode.co.uk/TETRA).

Crystalcode.co.uk. Retrieved on 2013-07-16.5. "TETRA Industry Group - TETRA around the world - Countries". Tetrahealth.info. Retrieved 2012-03-28.6. "Shenyang Metro". Railway Technology. 2011-06-15. Retrieved 2012-03-28.7. http://classic.eads.net/1024/de/investor/News_and_Events/news_ir/2010/2010/20100528_eads_defence_tetra_s8. "HOME". Cassidian.com. Retrieved 2012-03-28.9. "TETRA : Artevea Digital Limited : Digital Radio Communication". Artevea.com. Retrieved 2012-03-28.

10. "Motorola Media Center - Press Releases - Motorola Completes Upgrade to TETRA Digital Radio System for Hong Kong International Airport". Mediacenter.motorola.com. Retrieved 2012-03-28.

11. 1'st Monorail Project in India awarded to DAMM (http://www.damm.dk/news/1'st-monorail-project-in-india-awarded-to-damm.aspx). Damm.dk (2010-08-11). Retrieved on 2013-07-16.

12. Tamil Nadu Police (http://www.damm.dk/news/tamil-nadu-police-chooses-damm-for-modern-control-rooms.as

px). Damm.dk (2011-01-31). Retrieved on 2013-07-16.13. DAMM chosen to provide communication for GAIL pipeline in India (http://www.damm.dk/news/damm-chosen-to-provide-communication-for-gail-pipeline-in-india.aspx). Damm.dk (2011-07-12). Retrieved on 2013-07-16.

14. "Gurgaon Police goes Hi-Tech". Retrieved 2013-01-14.15. "TETRA : Artevea Digital Limited : Digital Radio Communication". Artevea.com. Retrieved 2012-03-28.16. Launch of digital trunked radio service in Malaysia (http://mis-asia.com/resource/networking/launch-of-digital-tr

unked-radio-service-in-malaysia/)17. TETRA Association (http://www.tetramou.com/tetramou.aspx?ID=6716) Archived (https://web.archive.org/we

b/20101130172334/http://www.tetramou.com/tetramou.aspx?ID=6716) November 30, 2010, at the Wayback Machine.

18. http://www.satcomng.com/index.php#.UYo6j8omzdI

19. briscoetechnologies.com (http://www.briscoetechnologies.com)20. arteva.com (http://www.artevea.com)21. "TETRA : Artevea Digital Limited : Digital Radio Communication". Artevea.com. Retrieved 2012-03-28.22. entropia.eu (http://www.entropia.eu)23. DAMM supplies safe TETRA communication for DONG Energy Power Plants (http://www.damm.dk/news/da

http://www.damm.dk/news/damm-supplies-safe-tetra-communication-for-dong-energy-power-plants.aspxhttp://www.entropia.eu/http://www.artevea.com/casestudies-detail.php?type=case&id=14http://www.artevea.com/http://www.briscoetechnologies.com/http://www.satcomng.com/index.php#.UYo6j8omzdIhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machinehttps://web.archive.org/web/20101130172334/http://www.tetramou.com/tetramou.aspx?ID=6716http://www.tetramou.com/tetramou.aspx?ID=6716http://mis-asia.com/resource/networking/launch-of-digital-trunked-radio-service-in-malaysia/http://www.artevea.com/casestudies-detail.php?type=case&id=12http://www.indiaprwire.com/pressrelease/telecommunications/2009022220184.htmhttp://www.damm.dk/news/damm-chosen-to-provide-communication-for-gail-pipeline-in-india.aspxhttp://www.damm.dk/news/tamil-nadu-police-chooses-damm-for-modern-control-rooms.aspxhttp://www.damm.dk/news/1'st-monorail-project-in-india-awarded-to-damm.aspxhttp://mediacenter.motorola.com/content/Detail.aspx?ReleaseID=10788&NewsAreaID=2http://www.artevea.com/casestudies-detail.php?type=case&id=10http://www.cassidian.com/cassidian/int/en/capabilities/security-solutions/mission-critical-networks-and-pmr/products/tetra-terminal.htmlhttp://classic.eads.net/1024/de/investor/News_and_Events/news_ir/2010/2010/20100528_eads_defence_tetra_shenzhen_metro.htmlhttp://www.railway-technology.com/projects/shenyang-metrohttp://www.tetrahealth.info/worldCountries.htmhttp://www.crystalcode.co.uk/TETRAhttp://www.ero.dk/B8FF1CC0-8C6C-4C8C-9019-7EB21FCABBD6?frames=no&http://www.tetra-association.com/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TETRAPOLhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_Industry_Associationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P25https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NXDNhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_private_mobile_radiohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_mobile_radiohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Community_Processhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Community_Processhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Community_Processhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Community_Processhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Community_Process


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External links

mm-supplies-safe-tetra-communication-for-dong-energy-power-plants.aspx). Damm.dk (2009-09-02).Retrieved on 2013-07-16.

24. http://www.sikkerhedsnet.dk/about+sine25. Moscow Metro (http://www.damm.dk/news/damm-provides-enhanced-safety-for-moscow-metro.aspx).

Damm.dk (2011-01-04). Retrieved on 2013-07-16.26. Kaliningrad biggest Power Plant chooses DAMM’s TetraFlex system for safety reasons (http://www.damm.dk/

news/kaliningrad-biggest-power-plant-chooses-damm%E2%80%99s-tetraflex%C2%AE-system-for-safety-reasons-.aspx). Damm.dk (2009-10-01). Retrieved on 2013-07-16.

27. DAMM deployed for regional network in North West Russia (http://www.damm.dk/news/damm-deployed-for-r egional-network-in-north-west-russia.aspx). Damm.dk (2011-08-22). Retrieved on 2013-07-16.28. Global Tech 1 Offshore Wind farm relies on DAMM Infrastructure (http://www.damm.dk/news/global-tech-1-

offshore-wind-farm-relies-on-damm-infrastructure.aspx). Damm.dk (2012-08-27). Retrieved on 2013-07-16.29. http://www.zoominfo.com/CachedPage/?

archive_id=0&page_id=95989222&page_url=//www.marconi.net/html/news/maltachoosesmarconitetra.htm&pa08-05T01:38:07&firstName=Peter&lastName=Cordina

30. TetraFlex for Public Safety in Lodi, Italy (http://www.damm.dk/news/public-safety-in-lodi,-italy.aspx).Damm.dk (2010-02-02). Retrieved on 2013-07-16.

31. Rome International Airport chooses DAMM as supplier for Mission Critical Communication (http://www.damm.dk/news/rome-international-airport-chooses-damm-as-supplier-for-mission-critical-communication.aspx).

Damm.dk (2009-09-14). Retrieved on 2013-07-16.32. "TETRA : Artevea Digital Limited : Digital Radio Communication". Artevea.com. Retrieved 2012-03-28.33. renita.lu (http://www.renita.lu)34. connectcom.lu (http://www.connectcom.lu)35. c2000.nl (http://www.c2000.nl)36. htm.nl (http://www.htm.nl)37. "TETRA Forum Poland". Tetraforum.pl. Retrieved 2012-03-28.38. "Wide Area Military Voice & Data Infrastructure Solutions based on COTS technology" (PDF) . Retrieved

2012-03-28.39. DAMM's TetraFlex® chosen for Alacer Gold Mining operation (http://www.damm.dk/news/damm's-tetraflex

(r)-chosen-for-alacer-gold-mining-operation.aspx). Damm.dk (2012-11-05). Retrieved on 2013-07-16.

40. Rio Tinto Mining Group continues to deploy DAMM’s TetraFlex (http://www.damm.dk/news/rio-tinto-mining-group-continues-to-deploy-damm%E2%80%99s-tetraflex%C2%AE.aspx). Damm.dk (2009-08-03). Retrievedon 2013-07-16.

41. http://www.kordia.com.au/LiteratureRetrieve.aspx?ID=13044342. Fortescue Metals Group Ltd deploy DAMM (http://www.damm.dk/news/fortescue-metals-group-ltd-deploy-da

mm.aspx). Damm.dk (2011-03-18). Retrieved on 2013-07-16.43. World’s largest LNG project to roll-out DAMM’s TetraFlex® (http://www.damm.dk/news/world%E2%80%99s

-largest-lng-project-to-roll-out-damm%E2%80%99s-tetraflex%C2%AE.aspx). Damm.dk (2010-04-26).Retrieved on 2013-07-16.

44. National Table of Frequency Allocations (http://www.comreg.ie/radio_spectrum/table_of_frequency_allocations.496.410.html), Ireland.

45. National Table of Frequency Allocations (http://www.npt.no/pt_internet/ressursforvaltning/frekvenser/frekvens plan/uhf_frames.html), Norway.

46. Riess, H.P. (1994). "Cryptographic security for the new trans-European trunked radio (TETRA) standard".Security and Cryptography Applications to Radio Systems, IEE Colloquium on . pp. 3/1–3/5. Retrieved2010-03-25. (subs cription required)

47. DW Parkinson (2001-07-01). "TETRA Security". BT Technology Journal, Volume 19 . pp. 81–88.doi:10.1023/A:1011942300054. Retrieved 2010-03-25.

48. Doug Gray, An Overview of TETRA (http://portal.etsi.org/workshopps/Presentations/0103TETRA.pdf),etsi.org (http://portal.etsi.org).

49. Gert Roelofsen (1999). "Cryptographic algorithms in telecommunications systems". Information SecurityTechnical Report, Volume 4, Issue 1 . pp. 29–37. doi:10.1016/S1363-4127(99)80004-1. Retrieved 2010-03-25.

50. http://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_en/300300_300399/30039207/02.01.01_60/en_30039207v020101p.pdf 51. http://www.cmlmicro.com/Press/briefs/index.asp?/Press/briefs/teds_1.htm

http://www.cmlmicro.com/Press/briefs/index.asp?/Press/briefs/teds_1.htmhttp://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_en/300300_300399/30039207/02.01.01_60/en_30039207v020101p.pdfhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS1363-4127%2899%2980004-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifierhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VJC-3WHKWD2-4/2/55c463d1b15d9034daafeb76e7fe759b)http://portal.etsi.org/http://portal.etsi.org/workshopps/Presentations/0103TETRA.pdfhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1023%2FA%3A1011942300054https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifierhttp://www.springerlink.com/content/g84477l715278156http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/search/srchabstract.jsp?tp=&arnumber=369664&tag=1http://www.npt.no/pt_internet/ressursforvaltning/frekvenser/frekvensplan/uhf_frames.htmlhttp://www.comreg.ie/radio_spectrum/table_of_frequency_allocations.496.410.htmlhttp://www.damm.dk/news/world%E2%80%99s-largest-lng-project-to-roll-out-damm%E2%80%99s-tetraflex%C2%AE.aspxhttp://www.damm.dk/news/fortescue-metals-group-ltd-deploy-damm.aspxhttp://www.kordia.com.au/LiteratureRetrieve.aspx?ID=130443http://www.damm.dk/news/rio-tinto-mining-group-continues-to-deploy-damm%E2%80%99s-tetraflex%C2%AE.aspxhttp://www.damm.dk/news/damm's-tetraflex(r)-chosen-for-alacer-gold-mining-operation.aspxhttp://www.sibat.mod.gov.il/NR/rdonlyres/46327BB3-3E46-42E7-B459-ACA055C6F97D/0/sod_motorolad_dsd_.pdfhttp://tetraforum.pl/component/content/article/41-co-to-jest-/145-10-years-of-tetra-in-poland.htmlhttp://www.htm.nl/http://www.c2000.nl/http://www.connectcom.lu/http://www.renita.lu/http://www.artevea.com/casestudies-detail.php?type=case&id=11http://www.damm.dk/news/rome-international-airport-chooses-damm-as-supplier-for-mission-critical-communication.aspxhttp://www.damm.dk/news/public-safety-in-lodi,-italy.aspxhttp://www.zoominfo.com/CachedPage/?archive_id=0&page_id=95989222&page_url=//www.marconi.net/html/news/maltachoosesmarconitetra.htm&page_last_updated=2001-08-05T01:38:07&firstName=Peter&lastName=Cordinahttp://www.damm.dk/news/global-tech-1-offshore-wind-farm-relies-on-damm-infrastructure.aspxhttp://www.damm.dk/news/damm-deployed-for-regional-network-in-north-west-russia.aspxhttp://www.damm.dk/news/kaliningrad-biggest-power-plant-chooses-damm%E2%80%99s-tetraflex%C2%AE-system-for-safety-reasons-.aspxhttp://www.damm.dk/news/damm-provides-enhanced-safety-for-moscow-metro.aspxhttp://www.sikkerhedsnet.dk/about+sinehttp://www.damm.dk/news/damm-supplies-safe-tetra-communication-for-dong-energy-power-plants.aspx


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Report on the health effects of TETRA (http://www.hpa.org.uk/web/HPAwebFile/HPAweb_C/1194947336937) by NRPBTETRA in use by radio amateurs (https://sites.google.com/site/digitalradiohacker/home)TETRA and Critical Communications Association (TCCA) (http://www.tandcca.com/)

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Terrestrial_Trunked_Radio&oldid=719524969"

Categories: Trunked radio systems Mobile telecommunications standards Emergency communicationRail transport mobile telecommunications standards

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