REVISED FOR FALL 2014TEST BANK – EXAM TWO

As you know by now from experience, there are multiple forms of some of the questions to help you sort through a wider range of possibilities and still arrive at the correct answer.

Historical and Cultural Backgrounds and Issues in Theology1. Which of the following represents most accurately the means by which scholars arrive at dates for

events in the history of the Ancient Near East?a. A solar calendar, discovered in Egypt, lists all the pharaohs from the fourth dynasty on and

correlates them with Mesopotamian rulersb. Because there is no fixed point with which to correlate dates from each separate empire, we

are left with only very approximate guessesc. There are lists from Assyria in which years were named after individuals and notable

occurrences one of which was an eclipse dating to 763 BCEd. We simply have to figure back from the destruction of the temple in Jerusalem in 70 CE and,

in the process, add up all the years of the reigning kings

2. Which of the following represents most accurately the means by which scholars arrive at dates for events in the history of the Ancient Near East?a. When the church gained dominance in the fourth century, it standardized all the culturally

determined calendars into one system b. The magi in Babylon developed a system for correlating astronomical years with political

leaders c. There are lists from Assyria in which years were named after individuals and notable

occurrences are mentioned, one of which was an eclipse dating to 763 BCEd. It is possible to work backwards from the destruction of the temple in Jerusalem in 70 CE

because it was such a significant international event that all the cultures in the Ancient Near East mentioned it

3. The foreigners who ruled Egypt for about 150 years prior to the beginning of the 18th dynasty, were hated by the Egyptians, and were driven out by Ahmose were calleda. Hyksos b. Habirub. Hamites d. Edomites

c. none of these

4. Who were the Hyksos?a. They built the pyramids during the fourth dynastyb. They dominated Egypt between about 1700 and 1550 BCE and their role as outsiders

who were hated may have contributed in some way to the antipathy that the Egyptians felt toward Israel

c. This was another term for the Hebrews taskmasters who oversaw their fellow Hebrew slaves and reported misdeeds to the Egyptian hierarchy

d. This was the large category of women from which the midwives camee. None of the above

5. Which Egyptian ruler indicated that he had subdued the people of Israel as he was conquering parts of the land known as Canaan?

a. Thutmose III b. Ramses IIc. Supiluliamus IV d. Ahmosee. none of the above

6. Which empire made treaties with the Egyptians which demonstrate a significant formal similarity to the structure of the covenant as articulated in Exodus 20-24 and the book of Deuteronomy?a. Babylonian b. Assyrianc. Hittite d. Hellenistice. none of the above

7. Examples that have been found of Hittite treaties were made between the Hittites anda. powerful city-states in Mesopotamiab. exiles from the Greek islandsc. rulers of Jerusalem, Jericho, and Hebrond. Egyptians e. none of the above

8. Who was Hatshepsut?a. the head of a coalition who ejected the Hyksos from Egypt and re-established

Egyptian ruleb. the daughter of Thutmose I and wife/sister of Thutmose II who reigned in Egypt for a

significant amount of timec. the wife of Ramses II who was responsible for the slave labor that built the pyramids d. the priestess who worshiped Amon-Re and taught Moses monotheism

9. Who was Hatshepsut?a. he was one of the members of the tribe of Levi who helped to nurture Moses b. she was the person who kept track of the location of the bones of Josephc. one of the Hebrew midwives blessed for sparing the lives of Hebrew boysd. a daughter of Thutmose I, sister and wife of Thutmose II, and co-regent with

Thutmose III during the 18th dynastye. none of the above

10. Which of the following is not among the suggested possible reasons as to why we do not see any evidence of the Israelites’ exodus from Egypt in Egyptian sources?a. Egyptian inscriptions were propaganda tools and would not record defeats of the

Pharaohb. the Hyksos, who were ethnically related to the Israelites, dominate the textual

evidence that we have from that periodc. much of the activity took place in the Delta region which is muddy and would not

preserve texts well even if they did existd. in the Egyptian philosophy of words, if an event were not written down, it was as

if it never occurred

11. Which of the following is not among the suggested possible reasons as to why we do not see any mention of the Israelites’ exodus from Egypt in Egyptian sources?

2

a. Egyptian inscriptions were propaganda tools and would not record defeats of the Pharaoh

b. when the Israelites left Egypt, they removed all the evidence of their humiliation in slavery for more than 400 years

c. much of the activity took place in the Delta region which is muddy and would not preserve texts well

d. in the Egyptian philosophy of words, if an event were not written down, it was as if it never occurred

12. Why is it important to establish as clearly as we can, the date for the Exodus?a. it determines when the Passover sacrifice was initiated and the number of years

between that and the fall of the temple represents the only period of time when Israel was obedient to the Lord in regard to practices in the temple

b. it gives scholars a benchmark date for determining when Jacob and his family went down into Egypt and when Abraham lived

c. it proves that the archaeological data from Egypt have been misinterpreted d. actually, it really makes no difference whatsoever because the Exodus is only a

symbolic literary narrative, not an historical event

13. Which biblical data are most strongly supportive of the late date proposal for the Exodus?a. There is a reference in I Kings 6:1 indicating that the interval between the Exodus and

the building of the Temple was 480 years and a second passage in Judges 11 to the effect that Israel had occupied the territory of the Ammonites for 300 years before that incident took place.

b. The narrative of the conquest in Joshua describes destruction of the cities in Israel that directly match what we find in archaeological remains dating to the period indicated by the early date.

c. The mention of building two store-cities in Exodus 1:11 suggests that the ruling pharaoh was Ramses II who was a remarkable builder

d. The “pharaoh who did not know Joseph” (Exodus 1:8) has been identified as Merneptah and we know he was the first of the Hyksos rulers

14. Which of the following is not a supporting piece of data for the early date proposal for the Exodus?a. the text of Exodus mentions building store cities of Pithom and Ramses and we can

connect those labors with the reign of Pharaoh Ramses II, who was a builder of monumental temples and other structures

b. I Kings 6:1 indicates that the temple that Solomon built was completed in 480 years after the Exodus and we can date the former event to 966 B.C.E.

c. Judges 11 does mention that the Israelites had controlled the region of Transjordan for 300 years and that incident takes place around 1100 B.C.E.

15. Those who hold to a late date for the Exodus base their position upona. the facts that Ramses II was a renowned builder of monumental structures and the

text of Exodus mentions building the cities of Ramses and Pithomb. references in the later historical books regarding the date of the building of

Solomon’s Temple and the length of time between the conquest and Jephthahc. the occurrence of a lunar eclipse at the time of the Exodus

3

d. Thutmose III’s list of conquered cities in Canaan which includes major cities mentioned in the conquest

e. none of the above

16. Regardless of whether we take an early or late date position regarding the Exodus, it occurred during the period of the ____________ in Egypt.d. Old Kingdom b. Middle Kingdome. New Kingdom d. none of these

17. During which dynastic period(s) did the Exodus take place if we opt for an early date for the Exodus?

a. 18th dynasty b. 19th dynastyc. 12th-15th dynasties d. 3rd dynastye. none of the above

18. Who would have been the Pharaoh of the Exodus according to a late date chronology?a. Thutmose I b. Seti Ic. Amenhotep II d. Ramses IIe. none of the above

19. Which Pharaoh would have been the Pharaoh of the Exodus if we opt for an early date?A. Akhnaton B. Thutmose IIIC. Ahmose D. Ramses IIE. None of the above

20. What (or who) was Ur-Nammu (also referred to as Shulgi)?a. the name of a legal code from Mesopotamia dating to the third millennium

BCEb. the Amalekite king who attacked the Israelites after they left Egyptc. the Egyptian form of calf worship d. a text about Ramses conquering the Hittites and encountering Israelites on the waye. none of the above

21. Which of the following is the best description of a theocracy?a. a government or political system in which God is the ultimate Authority as He rules

through His ministers and priestsb. a system of government in which priests and temple personnel essentially serve in the

capacity of a Supreme Courtc. because God is the sole source of law and order, there are no recognized human

governing authorities in a theocracyd. a theocracy is the same as a democracy in that the will of the community is vital and

individualism is not an appropriate means of political or social expression

22. The Code of Hammurabi can best be described asa. a set of apodictic laws that were designed to establish principles of conduct for the

ethnic groups conquered by the Old Babylonian empireb. 282 instances of case law from the Old Babylonian period that indicate distinct strata

within the social justice system

4

c. a set of casuistic laws that come from the time shortly after the Israelites left Egypt and indicate the wide-ranging influence of the Torah that Moses received at Sinai

d. none of the above

23. Which of the following descriptions is most accurate regarding differences between the Code of Hammurabi and the covenant at Sinai?

a. The Code is composed of 282 apodictic-style statements whereas the covenant includes a complex mixture of Torah statements

b. Many of the statements in the Code indicate that there was a significant degree of hierarchy within the society whereas the covenant statements have fewer references to social strata

c. The Code gives women equal rights in all spheres of public life whereas the covenant did not

d. There is no mention of deity in the Code whereas God is central to the covenant

24. Which of the following extra-biblical texts gives the best examples of casuistic law?a. Annals of Mernepteh b. Code of Hammurabic. Wisdom of Ptah-Hotep d. Code of Katcheturiane. none of these

25. The “Annals of Merneptah” describea. several of the plagues that seem to have been most devastating for the Egyptians and

were recorded for posterityb. the transition of authority from the 18th to the 19th dynastyc. the bestowal of divinity upon the next pharaoh after what appears to have been the

death of his brother (who had been the firstborn)d. the defeat of Israelites e. there are no “Annals of Merneptah”

26. Which of the following is the best description of the Hebrew Bible’s view of history?a. the Israelites viewed history as cyclicalb. the Israelites saw history as outside of time and God as quite disconnected from

human historyc. the Israelites viewed history as a relentless progression toward deathd. history, according to the Bible, was linear and progressing toward a goal of

restoration

27. Which of the following is not part of the treaty form that characterizes the covenant as represented in the book of Deuteronomy?a. preamble b. historical prologuec. stipulations d. lists of offerings e. all of the above are

28. How were the covenant documents preserved for safe keeping and periodic public reading?a. they were copied every generation by the Levitesb. they were kept with the ark and read every seven years at the feast of Tabernaclesc. they were buried at the foot of Mt. Sinai and the prophets returned periodically to

receive new revelation from Sinai

5

d. the priests and Levites carried them wrapped in four layers of material so that they would always be hidden from sight

e. none of the above

29. The best way to understand the “two tablets of stone” on which the covenant stipulations were inscribed is thata. half of the commandments were placed on one of the tablets and half on the otherb. God presented an alternative set to replace the initial one that was brokenc. one of them was represented as belonging to God and the other to the people, and

both were stored in the arkd. there were really not two tablets; it is simply figurative language

30. What three aspects of the covenant and treaty form that characterizes the extra-biblical treaties follow the presentation of the general and specific stipulations?a. Summary of the events that led up to the treaty, blessings and curses, epilogueb. Blessings and curses, provision for safe keeping and periodic reading, list of

witnessesc. Witnesses to the covenant, identity of the suzerain, blessings and additional sanctionsd. Poetic summary, blessings and curses, prayer for peacee. none of the above is a proper statement of the contents of those final sections

31. Which of the following elements is not characteristically a part of the Hittite suzerainty treaty form?a. a preamble stating the credentials of the kingb. a historical prologue indicating the relationship between the conquered and conquerorc. stipulations by which the subject people were to lived. blessings and curses for obedience or disobediencee. lists of witnessesf. provision for deposit and reading of the treatyg. all of the above were part of the form

32. In the covenant form as it appears in the biblical text, what was invoked as witness to the covenant?a. the Temple as the “footstool” of the Lordb. the king as the theocratic head of the nationc. the priests who ministered before the ark of the covenantd. the land that belonged to the LORDe. none of the above

33. What is the best definition of apodictic Torah?a. a declaration of absolute imperativesb. instruction that was contingent on circumstancesc. instructions from the priestsd. this is another expression to signify covenant curses

34. What is significant about the Annals of Sargon?a. it is a text that employs the treaty form, this time between a Mesopotamian power and

Israel, and serves as a parallel to the Sinai covenant

6

b. it describes the thunderous appearance of Sargon on a mountain and the subsequent giving of a treaty, quite similar in tone to God’s appearance on Sinai

c. it reports that Sargon was put in a basket covered with tar and placed in the river shortly after his birth, sharing the same motif with the Moses narrative

d. it describes the battle between Sargon and Suppiluliamus in the same way that Joshua fought the Amalekites

35. Which extra-biblical text describes the birth of a ruler who, like Moses, was put into a basket covered with tar and placed in the river shortly after his birth?a. Annals of Hatshepsut b. Cherubini Chroniclesc. Annals of Merneptah d. Middle Assyrian Codee. none of the above

36. The payment of a price to retrieve lost possessions, enslaved people, or firstborn sons wasa. salvation b. redemptionc. expiation d. consecration

37. Propitiation is a. the act of bringing the first fruits to the templeb. the final dedication of the Nazirite individual’s shaven headc. appeasing the wrath of God by means of blood sacrificed. a narrative technique whereby legal materials are presented in prose forme. none of the above

38. Which two reasons for keeping the Sabbath are given in the Decalogue itself?a. it was the sign of the Sinai covenant and God promised blessing to those who kept itb. breaking the Sabbath resulted in the death penalty and God had warned them as they

approached Mt. Sinai to consecrate themselves by keeping the Sabbathc. it was a way to show that they feared the LORD and God did call them to repentance

in conjunction with the Sabbathd. because God had created heaven and earth in six days and rested on the seventh and

because He had redeemed them from bondage in Egypt

39. The cancellation of sin as the result of the application of blood is known as a. redemption b. salvationc. expiation d. atonemente. none of these

40. According to Dr. Wilson, what is a key distinction between theists and deists?a. theists believe that God revealed Himself in creation while deists see no connectionb. theists are of the persuasion that God’s revelation at Mt. Sinai really happened while

deists would call it a mythc. theists understand that all of God’s revelation applies to our lives today; deists

presume it is no longer relevantd. theists hold that God is both transcendent and immanent; deists view the divine as

only transcendent

41. What are the implications of the divine name Elohim?

7

a. Elohim implies that God is the majestic, all-powerful, sovereign God over all creationb. Elohim means that God has more than one Person bound in to His Beingc. Elohim implies that God has established His covenant relationship with His peopled. Elohim indicates that the God of the First Testament is localized to those people

living in that part of the Ancient Near East

42. When the word “Adonai” is used, what are the primary implications?a. this is the equivalent of Baal from the wider cultureb. the word suggests that there is also a female consort for this rulerc. this word means “judge” so the implication is that Adonai is the chief Magistrated. this word implies that the One who holds the title is Master and owner who has the

right to exercise authority

43. Which of the following is not a principle that should be carried over from Israelite civil Torah to our understanding of civil law today?a. the death penalty was mandated for every infraction of the Ten Commandmentsb. justice was to be balanced, summed up in the “measure for measure” formulationc. human dignity was to be maintained even in the process of punishmentd. justice was to be impartial in that special privileges could not be afforded to either the

important or the least notable members of societye all of the above should carry over

44. What is a tevah?a. The sandal that Moses wore and which God told him to take off because he was

standing on holy groundb. The Hebrew word for Moses’ rod that became a snakec. The Hebrew word translated sanctuaryd. The Hebrew word translated “ark” or “basket”e. None of the above

45. What meaning does the verb translated “pass over” have, not only in Exodus 12 but especially when it is read in the context of Isaiah 31:5?a. skip over b. smear with blood which, paradoxically, cleansesc. protectd. raise up in powere. none of the above

46. To what Hebrew verb and concept is the “ineffable Name,” also known as the Tetragrammeton, deeply connected?a. it is based on the verb meaning to be absolutely just and thus God’s justice is front

and center in this nameb. it is derived from the verb “to be” and emphasizes God’s promise of His Presence and

unfailing response to the human conditionc. it is based on the word “to praise” and elicits the response of thanksgiving and praise

from God’s peopled. it has no direct connection with only one verb which emphasizes the mystery of

pronouncing and interpreting this name

8

47. What does da’at Elohim mean and what are the implications of that expression?a. the knowledge of God that is experiential, not simply abstractb. the word of God that is unfailingly truec. the work of God in which we as His people are privileged to participated. the love of God which transcends all boundaries

48.And Another Possible FormatPlease place the letter of the response that most appropriately matches the description. Not all of them will be used.1. a government under the immediate authority of God or one where God is presumed to rule

through the agency of priests and ministers2. cancellation of sin as the result of the application of blood3. a type of law that is a declaration of absolute imperatives4. the payment of a price to retrieve lost possessions, enslaved people, or firstborn sons5. appeasing the wrath of God by means of blood sacrifice6. legal formulations that are dependent on circumstances7. the name of a legal code from Mesopotamia dating to the third millennium BCE8. a daughter of Thutmose I, sister and wife of Thutmose II, and co-regent with Thutmose III

during the 18th dynasty9. a document that describes the defeat of Israelites in their land10. reports that an Assyrian ruler was put in a basket covered with tar and placed in the river

shortly after his birth, sharing the same motif with the Moses narrative11. the Pharaoh of the Exodus if we hold to a late date for that event12. the ancient people group whose treaty forms most closely match the formal structure of the

biblical covenant13. a group of foreigners who ruled Egypt for about 150 years and were hated by the Egyptians14. a legal code of primarily casuistic laws from the early second millennium BC which indicates

that there was a significant degree of hierarchy within the society

A. Amenhotep II B. Annals of Merneptah C. Annals of Sargon D. ApodicticE. Assyrians F. Babylonians G. Code of Hammurabi H. CasuisticI. Eighteenth Dynasty J. Expiation K. HatshepsutL. Hittites M. Hyksos N. Nineteenth Dynasty O. PropitiationP. Ramses II Q. Redemption R. TheocracyS. Thutmose III T. Ur-Nammu (Shulgi)

Issues Related to TorahPlease indicate whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). Be careful here; if a statement is true as stated, don’t mark it false because it leaves something out you think ought to be there.

1. A covenant is an arrangement between two parties that establishes a relationship, involves obligations on both sides, and establishes sanctions.

2. Torah refers to an arrangement between two parties that establishes a relationship and involves both obligations and sanctions.

9

3. The Hebrew term for God’s unfailing, covenant love is hesed. 4. Torah means instruction and is the aspect of the covenant that indicates how the people of

God are to act in order to be pleasing to their Sovereign.5. Ethical torah is found only in the Ten Commandments.6. Civil/social torah fundamentally addresses matters of the heart, mind and will, and remains

applicable across cultures.7. The command to honor parents has to do with, among other things, providing for them.8. The statement of the “ten words” begins with a commandment.9. The sixth “word” expressly forbids murder.10. The command against idolatry forbids all production of artistic representation. 11. A purpose of the Torah is to lead to Christ because it demonstrates how impossible it is for

sinful humankind to reach reconciliation with the Holy God. 12. Laws which are casuistic are those which are absolute moral imperatives and are found only

in the Ten Commandments.13. The Ur-Nammu code was found in Egypt and helps us understand the legal background for

the Sinai covenant because its form is very much like that of Exodus 21-23.14. The Hurrian Code of Hammurabi has been beneficial in providing background for our

understanding of the form of the covenant made at Sinai.15. Significant purposes that underlie the giving of Torah are the demonstration of God’s

holiness and human sinfulness.16. At the ceremony of ratification, Moses, Aaron and his sons, Jethro, and the elders of Israel

ate sacrificial animals in the presence of the Lord, read the terms of the covenant to the gathered people, and inscribed the ten words on two tablets of stone to be deposited with the manna in the ark.

17. The repetition of the instructions to build the tabernacle may be indicative of God’s intent to forgive the people their terrible sin of idolatry with the golden calf and dwell in their midst.

18. Ritual/ceremonial Torah directs attention to God and indicates which parts of life are within the sphere of sacredness and which are outside.

19. When the sixth and eighth commandments are broken, the consequences are dealt with in the civil court system.

20. When someone was caught stealing, there was one uniform punishment and it was particularly severe in order to serve as a deterrent.

21. When someone was caught stealing, the severity of the punishment depended on the nature of the material stolen.

22. The Torah has nothing to say about such contemporary concerns as wages, debt, and inheritance.

23. Among the ways for dealing with poverty in the Israelite system we find the provision of the third year tithe for aliens, widows, and orphans, the opportunity for marginalized people to glean in the fields, and canceling debts at the end of seven years.

24. Torah gives instructions regarding going to war which include the prominent role of the high priest, options for those who had good reason for returning home rather than being combat troops, and procedures for negotiation.

25. Torah gives instructions regarding going to war which include the prominent role of the king, provisions for raising an army from every social class, and procedures for surrender if the enemy was too strong.

26. The Israelite justice system provided for the equivalent of a court of appeals which consisted of the king who was supposed to know the torah and apply it to those who came to him for justice.

10

27. The measure-for-measure principle was designed to promote balance in the execution of justice rather than retaliatory revenge.

28. Polygamy was not allowed under the Sinai covenant because it violated the picture of God’s unique relationship with His people.

29. Every year a tithe was collected from among the Israelites who were landowners in order to provide for widows and orphans living in their midst.

30. Being hung on a tree symbolized being under the curse of God and is applied to Jesus’ death by Paul in the book of Galatians.

31. The instructions in Torah regarding going to war emphasized the need for honest judges to lead the people, prayer and fasting to demonstrate dependence on God, and just provisions for prisoners of war.

32. The cities of refuge were set apart for those who were accused of unintentional killing and had to flee from those who might seek their death as an act of vengeance.

33. The “measure-for-measure” principle is stated in the Ten Commandments because it is intended to be transculturally applicable

34. Israelite law established judges in six significant cities and all cases had to be taken to those locations.

35. Divorce was not allowed in Israelite society because it was symbolic of the broken covenant between God and His people.

36. The Hebrew words for sanctuary and tabernacle indicate the facts that this structure was to be a representation that God dwelt in unapproachable light and only the priests could appeal to Him.

37. The Hebrew words for sanctuary and tabernacle indicate the facts that this structure was to be a representation that God dwelt in the midst of His people but at the same time was set apart as their Holy God.

38. The structure and design of the tabernacle demonstrated God’s holiness and perfect beauty dwelling in the midst of the Hebrew people and yet separated from them, providing an adumbration of the incarnation when the Word of God became flesh and dwelt with humankind.

39. Access to the Most Holy Place was limited to Moses who was the only person to speak face to face with God.

40. In between the Most Holy Place and the Holy Place in the Tabernacle was a curtain with cherubim embroidered on it.

41. In between the Most Holy Place and the Holy Place in the Tabernacle was a stone wall with the Ten Commandments engraved on it.

42. The ark and the table for the bread were both in the Most Holy Place to indicate that the Living Bread always was in the presence of God Himself as symbolized with the ark.

43. The lamp stand and the table for the bread were both in the Holy Place, symbolizing the unquenchable Light and the Bread of the Presence.

44. The table and lampstand were in the courtyard of the tabernacle symbolizing the accessibility of the Living Bread and the Spirit to all worshipers.

45. The central feature of the worship procedure in the Israelite system was the sacrifice because the shed blood of the animal represented the life that would symbolically take the place of the sinner whose life was forfeit before God.

46. The approach to God in the sacrificial system of the Israelites joined two paradoxical elements; the beauty of the sanctuary and priestly clothing and the horrifying slaughter, pain and bloodshed involved in the substitution of an animal’s life in place of the sinner.

47. According to Exodus, in the Most Holy Place of the Tabernacle was the incense altar.

11

48. The Urim and Thummim were the names of the two scapegoats.49. The Urim and Thummim were in the breastpiece of the high priest and were the means of

determining God’s will.50. Nadab and Abihu were killed because they took Aaron’s high priestly robes and wore them

into the Holy of Holies. 51. Nadab and Abihu were killed because they went into the sancuary with their censers and

offered strange fire that was not according to the command of the Lord.52. After Nadab and Abihu died before the Lord for offering “strange fire” which was contrary

to the Lord’s command, Aaron mourned for a week and then appointed Eliezer and Ithamar in their places.

53. There was no practical difference between the sin and guilt offerings; they were simply two different procedures.

54. Restrictions placed on the priests included the obligation to marry virgins and to be unblemished if they were actively serving in the tabernacle.

55. The high priest and his brothers all wore an ephod and a breast piece, and each one bore stones representing the people of Israel as he “brought” them into the presence of God in the Most Holy Place.

56. In the Holy Place of the Tabernacle was the ark overshadowed by the cherubim.57. The sabbath was the sign of the Sinai covenant.58. The purpose of the fellowship or peace offering was to atone for sin in general.59. Every offering had to involve the killing of a live animal.60. Circumcision was the sign of the Sinai covenant.61. The three main festivals were Passover and Unleavened Bread, Feast of Weeks, and

Tabernacles.62. Among the purposes of festival observance were providing opportunities for corporate

worship, reminding the people of God’s activities on their behalf, and giving an occasion to demonstrate obedience.

63. The Day of Atonement involved two goats, one of which was sacrificed for the Lord and the other which was sent “to Azazel.”

64. Both men and women could make vows, there were no distinctions between genders regarding these issues, and the vow was binding.

65. The red heifer ceremony was instituted to provide atonement for deliberate sins.66. The priests were not allowed to marry because their lives were to demonstrate purity.67. The person who took a Nazirite vow was to abstain from anything associated with grapes,

keep his or her hair uncut, and not come in contact with death so as to be separated and holy to the LORD.

68. There was no offering in the whole array of them that atoned for deliberate sins; atonement in that case had to wait for the person to die.

69. As we read of the altar for incense, we are reminded that in the New Testament incense symbolized the prayers of the saints.

70. The ephod of the high priest had bells around the edges in order to ring when he moved into the sanctuary; this let the people outside know he was still alive.

71. The second Passover was established to provide a way for women and children to celebrate the Passover since they could not do so with the Israelite men.

72. The observance of the Passover in the second month instead of the first was instituted for women who might be unclean due to childbirth during the festival, thus demonstrating a concern for gender differences.

12

73. On the Day of Atonement, the people were called to “afflict themselves,” the high priest confessed the sins of the people, and one goat was offered to the Lord while another was sent into the wilderness.

74. People who lived a significant distance from the “place the Lord would choose” (Jerusalem) were to exchange their tithed material for money, go to Jerusalem, purchase whatever their hearts desired, and celebrate in God’s presence.

75. The Jubilee was a special time celebrated every seven years when the people commemorated the giving of the Torah.

76. The statements of Torah in Exodus and Leviticus interweave both apodictic and casuistic Torah as well as moral, civil, and ritual/ceremonial stipulations.

77. Among the duties of the priests were teaching Torah and offering sacrifices.78. As we read of the altar for incense, we are reminded that in the New Testament incense

symbolized mystery and darkness.79. The ephod of the high priest had sleeves that were deep red symbolizing the shed blood of

the sacrifices that he carried into the Most Holy Place.80. The initial ordination of the priests and the Tabernacle took place on the Day of

Atonement.81. When a person brought a sacrificial animal, he put his hands on its head indicative of his

identifying with it and also symbolically transferring his sin to it.82. The purpose of the whole burnt offering was to atone for sin in general.83. The feast of Weeks (also called Harvest) came to be known as Pentecost.84. During the feast of Tabernacles, the people would build booths and stay there for eight days

eating only unleavened bread.85. Tithing provided an opportunity to go to Jerusalem and celebrate in God’s presence.86. The water of purification, made in conjunction with the red heifer’s ashes, was used when a

woman was unclean after childbirth.87. The Jubilee happened every seven years.88. The cities of refuge were established to deal with runaway slaves who did not want to return

to harsh masters, thus indicating the humanitarian concerns in the Torah.89. Israelite law established judges in six significant cities and all cases had to be taken to those

locations.

Multiple Choice Format1. Which of the following was not presented as a purpose of Torah?

a. Demonstrate the holiness of Godb. Reveal the depths of human sinfulnessc. Indicate the way to earn righteousnessd. Be a shadow of the good things to comee. All of the above are purposes of Torah

2. The significance of the second step in the sacrificial procedure was thata. slaughtering the animal and shedding the blood represented covering the sins of the

peopleb. placing hands on the head of the sacrificial animal was a sign of blessing and

thanksgiving c. sprinkling the blood around the altar was a specific attack on pagan deitiesd. placing hands on the head of the sacrifice represented the symbolic identification with

and transfer of sin to the animal

13

e. none of the above

3. Which of the following was not among the stated purposes of the Sanctuary?a. to be a “bridge” to the Incarnation in that God dwelled in the midst of His people and

Jesus came to “tent” among human beingsb. to indicate that God both lived with the Israelite community but was separated from them

in holinessc. it was a prefiguring of the heavenly dwelling of God d. it presented the mystical aspects of the Divine Being because it was shrouded with seven

layers of materiale. all of the above are purposes

4. How is the 10th commandment a preparation for Jesus’s Sermon on the Mount?a. it addresses the importance of the heart attitude in respect to life in God’s presence

and with our neighborsb. it forbids all forms of deception which is the root of all human evilc. it addresses the issue of murder which Jesus expanded to include hatred and evil

speech against othersd. it forbids adultery which Jesus applied even to the way we look at otherse. none of the above

5. Which of the following is not a true statement as we explore the significant differences between Israelite and 21st century western cultures with regard to civil/social torah?a. Israel was intended to be a theocracyb. Israel’s society was primarily agriculturally basedc. Israel did not have an extensive prison systemd. Israel lacked concern for human dignity as evidenced in physical punishments that

were meted oute. in Israel, not everyone had “equal rights”

6. Which of the Ten Words did not have the death penalty associated with at least some form of infraction of it/them?a. Theft b. Adulteryc. Murder d. False testimonye. Coveting f. a, d, and e

7. Which of the following is not a principle that should be carried over from Israelite civil Torah to our understanding of civil law today?

a. the death penalty was mandated for every infraction of the Ten Commandmentsb. justice was to be balanced, summed up in the “measure for measure” formulationc. human dignity was to be maintained even in the process of punishmentd. justice was to be impartial in that special privileges could not be afforded to either the

important or the least notable members of societye. all of the above should carry over

8. Which of the following was not among the commands for the king (as described in Deuteronomy 17)?a. the king was not to amass for himself silver and gold

14

b. the king was to make for himself a copy of the Torah and study itc. the king was not to gather a large number of wives for himselfd. the king was to enlist the help of prophets and priests to prepare the people for going

to war

9. What was a suggested reason for distinguishing between Israelites and foreigners with regard to charging interest?a. Israelites, because they lived in the hill country, were more impoverished and could

not pay interestb. foreigners were accused of giving extreme amounts of money to pagan temples and

charging them was intended to stop thatc. those Israelites who were tempted to charge interest were exhorted to trust the Lord

for His provision insteadd. those foreigners with whom Israelites would come in contact in business dealings

were likely traveling merchants and this was a way of holding them accountable.

10. Which of the following statements best characterizes the instructions to the people regarding going to war?a. The priest was to play a prominent role, newly married men and those who had

recently acquired property were allowed to go home, those who were fearful were exempt, and they were to engage first in negotiation with the enemy prior to engaging in war.

b. The king was to be their leader, the prophets were the prominent spokespersons in leading all Israel, tribal leaders were accountable for the actions of their people, and they were not to take any prisoners of war.

c. The priests marched first as these were holy wars and each tribe was to offer a sacrifice on behalf of the cities that were conquered.

d. Property owners were allowed to go home after one year of service, priests could serve in the army only if they were unblemished, the king did not lead them into battle lest he lose his life, and all negotiations were conducted through intermediaries.

11. Which of the following was not among the instructions for going to war in Deuteronomy 20?a. the priest was to exhort them not to be fearful because God was with themb. those who were fearful, had built a new home or planted a vineyard, or was pledged

to be married were exempt from going to warc. they were to make an offer of peace before attacking a cityd. they were to march around the city seven times, demonstrating their trust in God who

would win the battle for theme. all of the above are among the instructions in Deuteronomy 20

12. How were “court cases” decided that were too difficult for the locally appointed judges?a. they were to wait until the seventh year and then reappear before the judgesb. they were to bring the matter to the priests who ministered before the Lord in order to

obtain a just decision via the Urim and Thummimc. the judges were to consult Levites in one of the cities of refuged. there was no recourse

13. What does the “redemptive movement hermeneutic” address and how does it work?

15

a. It deals with the aspects of ritual Torah that point ahead to the redemption provided by Jesus and allows us to see in each part of the sacrifice something that Jesus has fulfilled

b. It addresses the faulty reasoning that separates the Old Testament moral Torah from the teachings of Jesus and suggests that because Jesus reaffirmed the moral Torah we do so as well

c. It addresses those aspects of the Torah that we find challenging because they do not seem to be entirely appropriate in light of the ethical teachings in the New Testament and suggests that all are pointers to the ideal that will be realized only in the final perfect state

d. It indicates that the Torah in the Old Testament is obsolete in every respect because true redemption is accomplished through Christ

14. Which of the following best articulates the purpose of the cities of refuge?a. If someone had unintentionally killed another individual, the city of refuge provided a

safe haven for that individual against vengeance taken by the slain person’s relativesb. If someone had lost property due to theft or negligence, he could appeal to the priest

in the city of refuge for some of the third year tithe in order to keep from being entirely poverty-stricken

c. The owners of oxen that had gored innocent victims had to commit themselves to the city of refuge or face the death penalty

d. none of the above is an accurate representation

15. What was to happen to a person who accidentally killed another individual and was guilty of manslaughter? a. that person had to cling to the horns of the altar as a refugeb. that individual paid for his crime, life for lifec. the family members of the individual who was killed were given three months to

find the guilty party and take revenge; after that they could do nothingd. the guilty person could flee to a city of refuge and had to remain there until the

death of the high priest

16. What adumbrations might we see in the objects that were in the Holy Place of the Tabernacle?a. the ark of the covenant and the altar suggest the ultimate shedding of bloodb. the lamp stand and bread of the Presence suggest the Spirit and the Living Breadc. the altar for sacrifices and the basin indicate cleansing by blood and waterd. the incense suggests the costly provision by the King

17. Which of the following best describes the God’s ways, as articulated in Torah, of providing for marginalized members of society?a. the king was to provide for them out of his own personal wealth as well as the

treasury in the templeb. the large, extended family was to provide for those of its members who were widows

and orphans and the tribe of Levites was commissioned to care for the aliensc. they were not allowed to own slaves thus keeping all members of society equal with

equal access to goods and services

16

d. widows, orphans and aliens were allowed to glean in fields, they were beneficiaries of the gathering in of the third year tithe, debts were canceled at the end of seven years, and slaves were set free so as to prevent the presence of a permanent underclass

18. Which group was specifically responsible for offering sacrifices?a. sons of Aaron b. Levitesc. members of the tribe of Judah d. sons of Korahe. none of the above

19. Which piece(s) of the high priest’s attire explicitly demonstrated that he was bearing the Israelites into the presence of the Lord?a. the ephod and breastpieceb. the white linen underclothesc. the rich blue robe and its bells and pomegranatesd. the rod

20. Which piece(s) of “furniture” was/were located in the Most Holy Place of the Tabernacle?a. the ark of the covenant b. the lamp standc. the table for showbread d. the altare. they all were there

21. Which pieces of Tabernacle “furniture” were not located inside the actual Tent itself?a. the lamp stand, the table for the Bread of the Presence, and the incense altarb. the altar for sacrifices and the wash basinc. the lamp stand and the basin for washingd. the table for the Bread of the Presence and the ark

22. Which of the following was not a purpose of the sanctuary?a. it was to be representative of God’s presence in their midst but at the same time set

apartb. it served as a preparation for the Incarnation when God’s presence indeed dwelled

among humans (cf. John 1:14)c. it was to serve as a reminder of all the wealth they took out of Egyptd. in some tangible, albeit very limited way, it was to indicate what heaven itself was

likee. all of the above were purposes

23. Who were the sons of Aaron who entered the sanctuary contrary to the command of the Lord and lost their lives as a result?a. Eliezer and Phineas b. Levi and Mathiasc. Nadab and Abihu d. Gershom and Elnathane. None of the above

24. Which ritual practice had as its sign the uncut hair of the individual?a. The observance of second passoverb. The final day of fasting after the feast of tabernaclesc. The high priest’s preparations for the Day of Atonementd. The Jubilee

17

e. None of the above

25. What were the Urim and Thummim?a. the names of the two scapegoatsb. the means of decision-making that were placed inside the breastpiece worn by the

high priestc. the names of Moses’ and Aaron’s rodsd. supplementary names to designate the manna and quaile. none of the above

26. Which were the three pilgrim festivals when Israelites were called to congregate in the place that God would choose?a. Passover, Weeks, Tabernacles b. Passover, Trumpets, Weeksc. Unleavened Bread, Passover, Weeks d. Atonement, Passover, Weekse. none of the above

27. What was the most observable sign of the Nazirite vow?a. fasting every other dayb. markings on the individual’s body that set him or her apartc. drinking only grape juice as opposed to fermented drinkd. uncut haire. none of the above

28. How was the high priest expected to make decisions in the presence of the LORD?a. he fasted in the Holy of Holies before the Day of Atonement and received God’s

answers b. the means of decision-making, the Urim and Thummim, were placed inside the

breastpiece worn by the high priestc. he came to Eldad and Medad who had received a manifestation of the Holy Spiritd. Bezalel and Oholiab were designated as the legal expertse. none of the above

29. What was the main difference between priests and Levites?a. priests were from the tribe of Judah; Levites obviously were notb. priests were to teach the Torah and minister in song; Levites had to stay outside

the tabernaclec. priests were to carry the tabernacle and its furnishings when the Israelites were

moving; the Levites could not touch any of these sacred objectsd. priests were to offer the sacrifices; Levites could not do so

30. Why was the second Passover established?a. To provide a way for women and children to celebrate the Passover since they could

not do so with the Israelite menb. It allowed foreigners to join the celebrationc. It provided for those who were unclean or absent in the first monthd. It was for priests who had to practice the details of sacrificial procedure

31. Which of the pilgrim festivals occurred in the fall shortly after the Day of Atonement?

18

a. Tabernacles b. Passoverc. Unleavened Bread d. Weekse. none of the above

32. Which of the following was not among the purposes of the festivals? a. meeting the community’s need for corporate worship occasionsb. serving as educational toolsc. keeping the calendar uniform in a society that was so divided d. providing an occasion for demonstrating obedience to the LORD

33. What characterized the Day of Atonement?a. the people were commanded to bring the firstfruits of the harvest and offer them as a

sacrifice to the Lordb. they were called to “afflict themselves” on that day, the high priest confessed the sins

of the people, and one goat was offered to the Lord while another was sent into the wilderness

c. they were to read the Torah in public and spend the day in confession of sin and renewal of vows

d. when the trumpets sounded, they were all to sacrifice the firstborn from their flockse. none of the above

34. How did the vows of women and men differ?a. women were not allowed to take vowsb. the vows of women had to be taken twice; the vows of men only oncec. the vows of women could be annulled by fathers or husbands; the vows of men had to

standd. actually, there was no difference

35. What was the meaning and purpose of restitution?a. restitution means to cover and it refers to covering the sins of the people with blood

sacrificeb. restitution means to refine and it addresses the purifying process involved in burning

up the sacrificec. restitution means to pay back and it refers to the process of setting things right by

means of paying back what was stolen or damagedd. restitution means to inquire of the Lord and it refers to the priests who came into

God’s presence to inquire about His wille. none of the above

36. What was the symbolic role of the cherubim embroidered on the curtain between the Holy Place and the Most Holy Place?a. they were viewed as leading the Israelites in praising the Lordb. they were symbolic guardians of the presence of the Lordc. they offered incense to the Lord, symbolic of prayersd. their wings covered the ark, symbolic of removing sine. none of the above

19

37. What appeared both on the curtain in between the Holy Place and the Most Holy Place and over the ark of the covenant?a. images of Mt. Sinai with trumpets, lightning, and the words of the covenantb. cherubimc. seraphimd. loaves and fishese. none of the above

38. What was the purpose of the water of purification made with the ashes of the red heifer?a. it provided cleansing after childbirthb. it was sprinkled on the altar after the Day of Atonement every year to cleanse the

altar from the stains of blood, symbolic of sinc. it provided cleansing from the pollution of coming in contact with a dead bodyd. it prepared the high priest to enter the Holy of Holies on the Day of Atonemente. none of the above

39. In regard to the commandment to honor parents, what interpretation can help us with the challenge that some face to the effect that their parents are sadly dishonorable?a. this commandment comes from an entirely different cultural context and so we can

overlook it if it does not fit our particular circumstancesb. the word translated “honor” has as part of its meaning “make provision for” and

that is something each person ought to do, especially in their parents’ old agec. honor specifically means to pray for themd. we simply have to forget the aspects of our background and hold them in high

esteem

40. Which of the following were not among the purposes of the Jubilee?a. it was a time for returning to family propertyb. people were not to sow or harvest but let the land restc. it signaled to the people that the land was God’s and they were His tenantsd. it was a special time celebrated every seven years when they commemorated the

giving of Torahe. none of the above

41. What does the Torah say about divorce?a. it was not allowed in Israelite society because it was symbolic of the broken

covenant between God and His peopleb. priests were the only ones who could not divorcec. it was allowed if the husband found something “indecent” about his wife but once

divorced, the two persons could not remarryd. it was allowed if the wife was being abused, neglected, or the husband had taken

another wifee. none of the above

42. What were people who lived a significant distance from “the place the Lord would choose” (Jerusalem) to do with regard to the tithes?a. they were to turn their tithes in to the Levites in the nearest town

20

b. they were to send one family representative to purchase sacrificial animals in Jerusalem on their behalf

c. they only had to tithe every third yeard. they were to exchange their tithed material for money, go to Jerusalem, purchase

whatever their hearts desired, and celebrate in God’s presencee. none of the above

43. What was the primary emphasis of the Jubilee?a. it symbolized God’s forgiveness by the removal of sin via the goat for Azazelb. all of the sacrificial animals were offered in succession indicating that the whole

creation was given over to Godc. the people were dramatically reminded of God’s ownership as they returned to family

property, allowed the land to rest an extra year, and set slaves free d. they were to read the Torah to the people who had gathered for the festival and all

present affirmed their allegiance to the LORD

44. Which of the sacrifices is echoed in the church’s celebration of communion (Last Supper, Eucharist)?a. whole burnt offering b. sin offeringc. guilt offering d. fellowship offeringe. grain offering

45. Which of the following was not among the restrictions for priests to maintain and demonstrate that they were set apart?a. they could not engage in normal mourning practicesb. they could not drink wine while officiatingc. they had to distinguish between holy and profane and have no physical defectsd. they had to marry virginse. all of the above were among the restrictions

46. How were the covenant documents preserved for safe keeping and periodic public reading?a. they were copied every generation by the Levitesb. they were kept with the ark and read every seven years at the feast of Tabernaclesc. they were buried at the foot of Mt. Sinai and the prophets returned periodically to

receive new revelation from Sinaid. the priests and Levites carried them wrapped in four layers of material so that they

would always be hidden from sighte. none of the above

47. Which two reasons for keeping the Sabbath are given in the Decalogue itself?a. it was the sign of the Sinai covenant and God promised blessing to those who kept itb. breaking the Sabbath resulted in the death penalty and God had warned them as

they approached Mt. Sinai to consecrate themselves by keeping the Sabbathc. it was a way to show that they feared the LORD and God did call them to repentance

in conjunction with the Sabbathd. because God had created heaven and earth in six days and rested on the seventh and

because He had redeemed them from bondage in Egypt

21

48. Why did the prophets Jeremiah and Ezekiel attack the sin of idolatry with utterly scathing condemnations? a. making idols and bowing down to them destroyed the very foundation of loyalty to

the God of the covenant; Ezekiel even likened them to excrement b. they knew that the idols the people worshiped would not make them successful and

they attempted to re-educate the peoplec. God would be angry and that meant He would revoke the covenant, a truly fearful

prospectd. they feared that any representations of any part of God’s creation would elevate the

artisan above God

Significant Events and Persons1. Who were Shiphrah and Puah and what did they do?

a. they joined Moses’ mother in teaching him about his Israelite heritageb. they were midwives who preserved the lives of Hebrew baby boys instead of

following Pharaoh’s orders to kill the infantsc. they were the priests in Egypt from whose family Moses and Aaron learned the court

proceduresd. they were Israelite taskmasters who made life particularly difficult for the Israelites

by depriving them of straw for their brick-making.e. none of the above

2. Why is it significant that Moses’ mother put him into a tevah as she cast him into the Nile?a. the tevah was a small, sandal-shaped basket that would float more easily than the

normal reed structureb. in the Egyptian culture, the tevah symbolized eternal life and, although Moses’

mother expected him to perish, she believed that he would subsequently inherit eternal life

c. tevah is also the word used when Noah constructed the ark and, in both cases, important people were preserved through the dangerous waters

d. the word tevah is not significant but is a commonly used word for little boat

3. Why was it significant that in God’s providence Moses was educated in all the wisdom of Egypt’s court?a. he would be skilled in magic as all the court priests engaged in the occultb. he would be prepared to fight with the most recently developed three-person chariotc. he would be familiar with court procedures, diplomacy, and treaty form and contentd. he would know all of the proverbial instruction that was so important for all ancient

near eastern leaders to have mastered.

4. How did it happen that Moses learned in his earliest years of his Hebrew heritage?a. Pharaoh’s daughter was sympathetic to the Israelites and arranged for his instruction

by a priest who was familiar with the God of Israelb. Shiphrah and Puah, two Hebrew women working in the court of Pharaoh, were able

to instruct himc. Moses’s sister asked Pharaoh’s daughter if she wanted to have a Hebrew nurse for the

little boy in the ark and it just happened to be Moses’ mother

22

d. He did not learn of his heritage until his dramatic encounter with God at Sinai

5. One of Moses’ objections when God called him to lead the people out of Egypt was to express his concern that the Israelites would ask who this God was. How did God respond?a. God told Moses that His Name was El Shaddai (God Almighty) and He would

perform mighty miracles on behalf of His peopleb. God gave Moses two signs to perform in their presence that would demonstrate God’s

power and He also promised a thirdc. God said to Moses “I will be who I will be” or “I am that I am,” indicating His eternal

self-existence for His people d. God said His Name (Elohim) meant His everlasting superiority over Ra, the sun god

of Egypt e. none of the above

6. God’s declaration of His Name to Moses a. indicated that God is eternally self-existent and everlastingly faithful to His covenantb. intentionally hid the meaning of the Name from those who did not believe in order to

harden their heartsc. indicated to Moses this was existentially the same God as the Midianites and

Egyptians worshipedd. expressed the essence of the Trinitye. none of the above

7. God’s declaration of His Name to Moses a. implied that God is utterly transcendent and does not interact in relationship b. was a rebuke to Moses for not believing in God’s intention to rescue His peoplec. indicated that God is eternally self-existent and everlastingly faithful to His covenant d. expressed the essence of the Trinitye. None of the above

8. What was suggested in class regarding the stated intent of God to harden Pharaoh’s heart?a. Pharaoh had enslaved an entire people, making them “subhuman” as he considered

himself a god; this was God’s measure-for-measure response to Pharaohb. this is an example of the God of the Old Testament being harsh; in the New

Testament (Romans 9) Paul changes the emphasis to Pharaoh’s own responsibilityc. it actually never says God intended to harden Pharaoh’s heart; that is an

interpretation that rests on faulty reading of the Hebrewd. none of the above

9. Who was appointed as the person who would speak for Moses when they went into the court of Pharaoh?A. Jethro B. MiriamC. Joshua D. ZipporahE. None of the above

10. What did Moses’s wife do when the LORD confronted him on the way back to Egypt and threatened to kill him?a. She left him immediately and did not return until her father brought her back

23

b. She consulted with Aaron because he was the priest and knew how to address ritual issues to appease the wrath of God

c. She circumcised her sond. She accused Moses of having blood on his hands when he killed the Egyptiane. None of the above

11. Why was the object of the first plague particularly significant?a. the sun was one of the primary deities of Egypt and when it was darkened, that struck

at the heart of Egyptian religionb. the Nile was supposedly the life-blood of the god Osiris and represented the source of

agricultural lifec. frogs were associated with fertility and this was essential in the Egyptian worldviewd. cattle were a significant source of food so their wholesale death meant famine in the

lande. none of the above

12. Why was the object of the second plague particularly significant?a. the sun was one of the primary deities of Egypt and when it was darkened, that struck

at the heart of Egyptian religionb. the Nile was supposedly the life-blood of the god Osiris and represented the source of

agricultural lifec. frogs were associated with fertility and this was essential in the Egyptian worldviewd. cattle were a significant source of food so their wholesale death meant famine in the

lande. none of the above

13. Approximately how long did the plagues against Egypt last and how do we know that?a. one month because when we add together the time indicators mentioned in the

narrative, that is the totalb. one year because it is parallel to their Sinai experience which lasted a yearc. just about eight months from Passover in April until the feast of Tabernaclesd. just about nine months since the Nile floods mid-summer and the final plague was at

the time of Passover

14. Which of the following is not specified in the biblical text as a purpose for the plagues?a. to demonstrate to Pharaoh and Egypt who God wasb. to proclaim to the wider world the greatness of the Lordc. to exalt Moses and his family and give credibility to the Levitesd. to challenge the multiplicity of Egyptian deitiese. all of the above were purposes

15. In preparation for the tenth plague, the Israelites were instructed toa. eat unleavened bread for seven daysb. hide their cattle, bring in their sheaves, and fast for three daysc. slaughter a year old lamb and put the blood on the door posts and lintels of their

homesd. pray for the deliverance of the Egyptianse all of the above

24

16. The instructions for the Passover observed in Egypt focused primarily on the blood of the Passover lamb while the instructions for the annual celebration for years to come gave prominence of place toa. keeping a lamb from the tenth of the month until the 14th dayb. the bitter herbs that symbolized the bitterness of sinc. extended periods of silence to commemorate the approach of the destroying angeld. celebrating for seven days by eating bread made without yeast

17. When the Israelites left Egypt, which of the following did not characterize them?a. They had been in Egypt 430 yearsb. They left with a good deal of wealth and they “plundered” or “delivered” the

Egyptiansc. There were non-Israelites who accompanied them d. They were carrying the bones of Joseph in order to fulfill the oath he made their

ancestors sweare. All of the above did characterize them

18. Immediately after the dramatic crossing of the sea, what happened?a. the bones of Joseph were buried as he had requestedb. the people were attacked by the Amalekitesc. Moses and the people sang a song extolling the victory of God over Pharaoh and

looking ahead to His bringing them into the Promised Landd. they ran out of food and the people decided to elect Aaron as leader

19. Which of the following was not one of the initial wilderness tests on the way from Egypt to Sinai?a. the people encountered bitter waterb. the people felt that they were starving and complainedc. after going from place to place, they again found no water and rose up against Mosesd. when they complained about the manna, God sent serpentse. Amalekites attacked themf. all of the above were among the initial wilderness tests

20. The first crisis for the people after the crossing of the Sea of Reeds had to do witha. attack from enemies b. lack of drinkable waterc. poisonous serpents d. threat of starvatione. an earthquake

21. When God provided manna in the wilderness, what important lesson accompanied that provision?a. the people were to share equal portions so that no one went hungryb. the Israelites were instructed for the first time to offer grace for meals, establishing a

practice that continues today c. God commanded them to rest from gathering manna on the seventh day, a particularly

important lesson for former slavesd. they were not to make idols of anything that might, in the future, tempt them to

appeal to a sun or rain god for provision

25

e. none of the above

22. In what context did Jesus refer to the “bread from heaven” narrative?a. he said “I am the Bread of life” when he gave the Sermon on the Mountb. after Jesus fed the 5000, his challengers asked for another sign and in that context, he

declared that He was the Bread come down from heavenc. when Jesus taught that his followers should observe the Sabbath out of love for Him,

he alluded to this incidentd. at that last Supper, when He broke the bread and said it was His Body

22. The manna that God gave in the wilderness was an adumbration ofa. Jesus’ declaration that He is the Bread of Life, having come down from heaven

a. Jesus’ admonition that His disciples keep the Sabbathb. The kings’ mandate to keep the Bread of the Presence always in the Templec. The high priest’s appropriation of the unleavened bread of Passoverd. none of the above

23. Who led the Israelites in battle against the Amalekites while Moses remained on top of a hill nearby with the rod of God uplifted in his hands and who helped Moses keep his arms up when he got tired?A. Aminadab / Joshua and Caleb B. Joshua / Aaron and HurC. Aaron / Phineas and Hophni D. Joshua / Miriam and Zipporah

24. Why did God declare that the memory of the Amalekites should be erased?a. They had sent Israel false information on the route to Mt. Sinai and that meant loss of

life due to starvation.b. It was from the Amalekites that Pharaoh had received assistance and he oppressed the

Israelites.c. When the Amalekites attacked the Israelites as they came out of Egypt, they struck

the weak and vulnerable among them and that was reprehensible to the God.d. It was, in fact, not true that their memory was to be erased because they were

descendants of Abraham too.

25. Who helped Moses in the battle against the Amalekites?a. Aaron and Hur held up his arms with the rod of Godb. Joshua stood beside him to intercede with prayer and fastingc. Miriam had the women in the camp prophesying and prayingd. Caleb fought with the leader of the Amalekites and overcame hime. none of the above

26. What is the best summary of the theological implications of the textual arrangement in the latter part of the book of Exodus?a. following the statement of the covenant ratification, the place where God would meet

with His people is described and, in spite of the terrible sin of idolatry with the golden calf, the entire description is repeated, indicating that God intended to forgive and indeed dwell in the midst of the people

26

b. following the Ten Commandments, a series of casuistic laws indicate that the presence of the Tabernacle would be contingent on the consistent obedience of the people to God’s moral and ritual Torah

c. first the holiness of God is emphasized; that is followed by description of each sacrifice in succession, from those that were part of the ordination procedure to those that were to be brought by the marginalized persons in the community

d. starting with chapter 25 of Exodus, each of the Ten Commandments is expanded in order to indicate that particular circumstances in which these commandments had to be enforced

27. Where was Moses when Aaron constructed the golden calf?a. he was serving as go-between for Jethro and the Midianites as they were drawn into

the covenant communityb. he was preparing the people of God to receive the covenant, a process that involved

their separation and cleansingc. he was on the mountain for 40 days receiving the instructions regarding the

tabernacle and the priesthood itselfd. he was taking a sabbatical rest after his long and arduous laborse. none of the above

28. Why was the declaration about the identity of the golden calf particularly insidious?a. the calf, the symbol of strong Egyptian might and power, would lead them back to

safetyb. the calf was one of the angelic creatures who guarded them as they left Egypt which

made the people think it was acceptablec. the Israelites should express their gratitude to this universal form representing power

and mightd. saying “this is your God who brought you up out of Egypt” encouraged them to

worship it in gratitude for their deliverance e. none of the above

29. What did Aaron tell Moses when the latter descended from the mountain to find the people engaged in wild revelry around the golden calf?a. he said that the people pressured him, he threw the gold into the fire and the calf just

sort of came out on its ownb. he said that an emissary came from Egypt with the news that calf worship was now

obligatory in all territories held by Egyptc. he said that the descendants of Reuben had threatened to take over the priesthood if

he did not make the calfd. he said that it was Joshua who had led the people astray and, as priest, he tried to stop

him but could note. none of the above

30. By the time the Israelites left the mountain of God, a number of significant things had been accomplished. Which is the best summary of those accomplishments?a. worship established, organized as a people, covenant madeb. king put in place, line of prophets established from Aaron, Moses’ successor named

27

c. spies returned with a good report, decision-making delegated, battles won against major enemies

d. Miriam and Aaron affirmed Joshua’s leadership, Korah next in line for priesthood, census taken

31. What were the circumstances that led to Miriam’s getting leprosy for brief time?a. she stepped over the boundary that had been set at Mt Sinai to prevent the people

from coming too close to the mountain when God revealed the Torahb. she joined Aaron in declaring that the golden calf was an appropriate object of

worship in Moses’ absencec. she apparently led the way when she and Aaron accused Moses of marrying a Cushite

wife and keeping all the glory of interaction with God to himselfd. when she taught the women the Song at the Sea, she neglected to include the line that

declared that God is King forever and evere. none of the above

32. Which of the following did not happen when Miriam and Aaron opposed Moses, declaring that God had also spoken through them?a. God indicated that His relationship with Moses was special because He spoke face to

face with Mosesb. God rebuked Miriam and Aaron and afflicted both of them with leprosyc. Moses offered an intercessory prayerd. The people waited for seven days before moving on againe. All of the above occurred

33. Who were Eldad and Medad?A. They were filled with the Spirit of God and were responsible for the construction of

the TabernacleB. They were two men who had remained in the camp when the elders were summoned

to the Tent of Meeting but were still filled with the Spirit and began prophesyingC. They were the Hebrew midwives who defied Pharaoh’s orders and spared the lives of

the Hebrew boysD. They were two men of the tribe of Benjamin who joined in the rebellion of KorahE. None of the above

34. What happened when God sent the quail in response to the grumbling people?a. Moses forbade them to eat the meat because it was not kosherb. they gathered and ate large amounts and were struck with a plague as a resultc. they gathered sufficient in order to offer thank-offerings to the Lordd. they continued to grumble because the quail did not taste like the food they had

enjoyed in Egypte. none of the above

35. From which location were the spies sent into the land and to which the Israelites seemed to have returned and spent a good deal of their 40 years in the wilderness?

a. Mt. Sinai b. Edomc. Kadesh-Barnea d. Mt. Neboe. None of the above

28

36. When the spies came back from exploring the land of Canaan, what happened?a. a man named Korah led them in a rebellion against Moses and Aaronb. the people were so enthusiastic about going up and taking the land of Canaan that

they neglected to consult the priests as to how to go about doing it and ended up traveling the wrong direction and getting lost

c. the spies, who were leaders of tribes, reported that the cities were walled and the people large and they effectively frightened the people so that they refused to go up and take the land

d. Joshua and Caleb fought against the Canaanites by themselves since no one else would go

e. none of the above

37. What happened to Korah as the result of his leading a serious rebellion against Moses and Aaron and attempting to claim the priesthood for himself?a. He and his men were swallowed up in the earthb. Serpents were sent to kill themc. The priests, led by Aaron, were told to kill themd. He was brought to the Tent of Meeting where he confessed his sin, slaughtered a ram,

and had Aaron pray for hime. None of the above

38. Jesus referred to the incident in the wilderness when Moses made a bronze serpent and lifted it up so that the people who had been bitten by poisonous snakes would look to it and live and specifically applied it toa. Joshua’s success as conqueror once they got into the landb. the temptation by the devil (the serpent of old) in the wildernessc. the Son of Man being lifted up which signified His crucifixion on behalf of sinful

humankindd. the daily burnt offering that was killed and its blood sprinkled on the altare. none of the above

39. In what New Testament context does the serpent lifted up in the wilderness appear?a. in the Transfiguration when Peter wanted to build booths (“lift them up”) on the

mountainb. when Jesus was talking to Nicodemus and said that the Son of Man must be lifted up,

signifying how He would diec. when Jesus was healing the people of poisonous snake bitesd. when Jesus was hanging on the cross and quoted this passage to bystanderse. none of the above

40. Why did Aaron’s staff bud?a. it was taken from a live acacia treeb. it was the staff that sweetened the waters at Marahc. it was a sign to the rebellious Levites after the Korah rebellion that Aaron was indeed

the priestd. it was a sign to Pharaoh that Aaron was the priest of the family

29

41. What happened when the Israelites complained (yet again) about the lack of food, said they were sick of manna, and expressed their desire to return to all the wonderful food they had in Egypt?a. God sent fire and an earthquake to punish themb. God sent quail that made them ill, but also provided 70 elders to help Moses bear the

weight of the responsibility of leading themc. the prophets, Eldad and Medad, were raised up to lead the dissenters back to Egypt

rather than having them demoralize the rest of the peopled. Aaron prayed for them so that they would not have a spirit of ingratitude after all the

miracles that God had performed on their behalfe. none of the above

42. Who was the Moabite king who hired Balaam?a. Og b. Balakc. Rephaite d. Sihone. none of the above

43. When Balaam, called to curse Israel, spoke about Israel in his four oracles, what did he say?a. he announced great blessings for themb. he prophesied that a star would come forth from Jacobc. he said that God is not one to change His mindd. all of the abovee. a and c

44. Why does the New Testament call Balaam a false prophet?a. because his predictions about Israel were falseb. because he used divinationc. because he did not consult the LORD but a host of other godsd. because he thought a donkey was talking to him and that did not occure. none of the above

45. Why was Balaam declared by Peter (2 Peter 2:15-16) to be a false prophet of the most reprehensible kind?a. He prophesied that a star would come forth from Jacob which led them into worship

of astral objectsb. He declared that God changes His mind which is a blasphemous statementc. He persuaded the Israelites that the inhabitants of the Canaanite cities were like giants

and fearsome and thus they disobeyed the Lord and refused to go into the landd. Although he pronounced blessings on the people, he succumbed to the temptation of a

payoff and told the king of Moab to use Moabite women to trap the Israelites into idolatry

e. None of the above

46. Why did God first tell Moses that he could not go into the promised land?a. Moses struck the rock in anger in order to bring water out of it and he did not honor

God as holy before the peopleb. Moses responded in anger against the spies and punished them beyond what God

commanded

30

c. Moses was not willing to take the responsibility of leading the peopled. Moses made an image of a serpent which was forbiddene. none of the above

47. What did Joshua and Caleb do that set them apart from the other leaders in Israel?a. they were the ones who built the stone altar for the ceremony ratifying the covenantb. after the return of the spies from checking out the land, they were the ones who urged

the people to go in and take the land even though its inhabitants looked threateningc. the built the tabernacle with the wealth that the Israelites had taken from the

Egyptiansd. they stopped the rebellion of Korahe. none of the above

48. Which of the following did not occur at the end of the book of Deuteronomy?a. the blessings and curses of the covenant were re-statedb. Moses died after a vision of the Landc. The Song of Moses was recorded as a witness against Israeld. Joshua took up the mantle of leadership and demonstrated it by defeating the

Moabites because they refused to allow Israel to pass throughe. All of the above are recorded at the end of Deuteronomy

49. What was Nebo?a. The name that came to be attached to the bronze serpentb. The place from which Moses viewed the Promised Landc. The god of the Moabites d. The place from which the Israelites would pronounce the blessings and curses once

they got into the Lande. None of the above

50. The Song that Moses recited at the end of Deuteronomy a. extolled the God of the Exodus for breaking the way through the sea and drowning

the threatening armies of Pharaohb. praised God for the gift of the Torah at Sinaic. called heaven and earth as witnesses against Israel who rejected God and sacrificed to

idolsd. pronounced curses upon the enemies of Israele. none of the above

51. Who were the two Amorite kings of regions on the east side of the Jordan River that the Israelites conquered?a. Balak and Balaam b. Midian and Amalekc. Zered and Arnon d. Og and Sihon

True/False FormatIndicate whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). Be careful not to “over-correct”. In other words, if a sentence is true as stated, you need not try to determine how it might be better!1. Among the numerous facets of Moses’ preparation to lead the Israelites out of Egypt were his

education in the court of Pharaoh and his shepherding sheep in the wilderness of Midian.

31

2. Moses fled to Midian after killing an Israelite taskmaster.3. Significant women who were involved in the preservation of Hebrew boys during the time of

oppression by Pharaoh included the midwives, Shiphrah and Puah; Moses’ mother, Jochabed; his sister, Miriam; and Pharaoh’s daughter.

4. The Lord met Moses at Mt. Horeb, appearing in the form of a burning bush, telling Moses that He was the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob and He was sending Moses to bring the Israelites out of Egypt.

5. When the LORD confronted Moses on the way back to Egypt and threatened to kill him, his wife Zipporah accused Moses of having blood on his hands after having killed an Egyptian and left him.

6. When the staff of Aaron became a serpent and swallowed the rods of the Egyptian magicians, it meant that Aaron was also dabbling in magic.

7. Among the plagues (also called “signs and wonders”) were frogs, flies, serpents that bit the people, and locusts.

8. When God gave the instructions to Moses and the Israelites concerning the Passover that they were to celebrate that night in Egypt, He commanded them to sacrifice the lamb, putting the blood on the thresholds of the houses to keep them from going outside and being struck down by the destroying angel.

9. When the Israelites left Egypt, God directed them by means of the cloud and fire toward the land of the Philistines in order to get away from Egypt as quickly as possible.

10. The first crisis for the people after the crossing of the Sea of Reeds had to do with fear of enemies in the form of the Amalekites who were attacking the vulnerable people.

11. In the process of giving the people manna in the wilderness, God taught them an important lesson in obedience which had to do offering sacrifices.

12. When Jethro, the priest of Midian and father-in-law of Moses, met Moses and the Israelites in the wilderness, Jethro offered sacrifices to God and then made restitution by returning the large herd of sheep that rightfully belonged to Moses after all the years of shepherding.

13. Joshua was the person who led the military campaign against the Amalekites while Aaron and Hur supported Moses’ arms in which was the rod of God.

14. After God revealed the Ten Words to Moses and the people, they expressed their fear and asked not to have to hear any more.

15. During the time that Aaron was leading the people into idolatry, fashioning a golden calf, Moses was on the mountain receiving the instructions that, among other things, dealt with Aaron’s role as high priest.

16. When Moses descended from the mountain to find the people engaged in wild revelry around the golden calf, he broke the tablets, symbolizing the breaking of the covenant and then severe punishment was meted out in the form of a plague and as the Levites executed about 3000 people.

17. By the time the Israelites left the mountain of God, they had the covenant established between God and themselves, they were organized, and the system for worship had been established and the Tabernacle constructed.

18. The key figures who resisted the majority report of the spies when they returned from the land and said that the Israelites should indeed go into the land that God had promised were Joshua and Caleb.

19. When Miriam and Aaron spoke against Moses because of his Cushite wife and because they wanted to share in his prominent position, both were smitten with leprosy as a punishment and Moses had to pray on their behalf for healing so that they could lead the people again and especially so that Aaron could return to his position as high priest.

32

20. Aaron’s staff budded because Moses put it into the waters of Meribah.21. The rebellion of Korah, Dathan, Abiram and On had to do with a tribal squabble over

unequal collection of manna and quail.22. When Balaam spoke about Israel in his four oracles, among his notable statements were that

a star would come forth from Jacob.23. The reason that Peter writes so scathingly of Balaam is that, although he uttered the words of

the Lord and blessed Israel, he also gave the king of Moab advice on how to lead the Israelites astray into heinous idolatry.

24. God first told Moses that he could not go into the promised land because Moses responded in anger against the spies and punished them beyond what God commanded.

25. Moses was allowed to view the promised land from Mt. Nebo.

MatchingChoose from the list below, the name that best fits the description. Not all of the answers are used. Please feel free to tear off that page to make this part easier.

1. Moses’ father-in-law who was a Midianite priest and who, after his “conversion” celebrated on the mountain with the leaders of Israel in the presence of God

2. the grandson of Aaron who executed a Midianite woman and an Israelite man and thus brought a stop to the plague against Israel in conjunction with the idolatrous worship at Baal Peor

3. Moses’ Midianite wife who circumcised his son before they went back to Egypt4. the king of Moab who summoned a false prophet to curse the Israelites5. The man who, along with Joshua, refused to go along with the majority opinion when the

spies returned from the Land6. the man who fought the Amalekites while Moses held up the rod of God in his arms7. the individual who, along with Aaron, helped Moses sustain his arms in the air when he

was getting weary8. Moses’ sister who, along with Aaron, complained that Moses was more important than

they were and who was thus punished with seven days of leprosy9. the man who, along with a number of the Levites and several key men from the tribe of

Reuben, led a rebellion against Moses and Aaron because they wanted to serve as priests10. The two sons of Aaron who entered the tabernacle after its dedication with unauthorized

fire and were consumed by fire from God

Names to use for Matching SectionA. Aaron B. Balaam C. Balak D. CalebE. Hur F. Jethro G. Joshua H. KorahI. Moses J. Miriam K. Nadab and AbihuL. Phineas M. Shiphrah and Puah N. Zipporah

Potential Essays Write out the Ten Commandments in order. Even though you do not need to reproduce the expansions word for word, indicate what the general contents of those expansions are. Why do you suppose that it was these particular commandments that called for additional instruction? Yes, this last part allows you freedom for reflection.

Write out the Ten Commandments in order. Even though you do not need to reproduce these word for word, indicate which ones have expansions and what the general impacts of those expansions

33

are. Then, reflect briefly on the implications we addressed in class of the command to honor parents. Another version of this question asks you to reflect on the commandment against idolatry. A third explores the implications of the commandment regarding the Name of God. What does a literal translation of the Hebrew possibly tell us about our own use of God’s Name? How are each of these significant for you?

Why is the “redemptive movement hermeneutic (RMH)” an important interpretive method? In other words, what concerns have arisen as people have studied certain aspects of the Torah? Explain how it works in conjunction with the following passage. If you want to present the chart as part of your answer that is fine. Be sure to draw on all the background information that you can possibly muster and then suggest a principled contemporary application.

“If a man beats his male or female slave with a rod and the slave dies as a direct result, he must be punished, but he is not to be punished if the slave gets up after a day or two, since the slave is his property” (Exodus 21:20-21).

Two of the course objectives read as follows: “To emphasize First Testament passages to which Jesus, the apostles, and the Early Church turned as they increase our understanding of God’s sovereign redeeming activity”; and “To investigate the role of the First Testament in shaping our responses to our 21st century”. With these ideals in mind, please address the issue of Sabbath observance. What does the term “Sabbath” mean? What does the First Testament teach about Sabbath observance that gives us a clue as to its significance for Jesus’ contemporaries? [Be as comprehensive as you can with this part of the question.] What did Jesus say about the Sabbath? How about Paul? What implications does all this have for you and why? If it has none at this time, please explain why not. You will lose points only if you neglect to demonstrate that you have thought about the issue.

Choose five specific injunctions found in the Torah and indicate how the principles underlying these laws are instructive, both for the Israelites as they were called to be God’s people in a rather hostile wider environment, and for us as we think of effecting social justice in our own contemporary settings. As you respond to this question, be careful to cite the laws you have chosen in some detail. If they cross the (artificial) boundaries between the three categories of Torah that we studied, note that and comment on how that affects your assessment of their value for us.

In Romans 9:17-18, Paul says, “For the Scripture says to Pharaoh: ‘I raised you up for this very purpose, that I might display my power in you and that My name might be proclaimed in all the earth.’ Therefore God has mercy on whom he wants to have mercy, and he hardens whom he wants to harden.” With this in mind, explore the declaration in Exodus 4 where God told Moses that He would harden Pharaoh’s heart in conjunction with what happens in the following chapters. Be specific as you work your way through the incidents, the responses of Pharaoh, and the verbs that describe this ongoing process. What is final outcome?

Dr. Wilson declares that the law is a “gracious gift of God” (p 54). Explore the implications of that statement in light of what the New Testament says about the law and how we ought to understand those statements.

34