Test Through Greece Sample Test

Directions: The questions in this test bank cover material contained in your class notes and textbook. For each question, select your answer and verify its correctness by locating the information in these two sources. When you have completed the questions, check your answers. Any errors should be thoroughly reviewed, and misunderstandings cleared either by participating in a study group, asking questions in class, or making an appointment with your instructor. This exercise is designed to help you master the material, and it makes no sense to misuse it by not thinking through all the questions and modifying your learning techniques if necessary. 1. Although Crete was economically self-sufficient, it was forced to trade over the sea because A. It lacked the ores necessary for bronze production B. It had relatively poor farming land C. It was a militaristic society and needed conquest D. It used trade to supplement its weak farming economy 2. Which is NOT true of Pythagoras' beliefs? A. Mathematics was united with metaphysics B. The best form of government was the tyranny C. The soul reincarnated and could achieve purification with the divine through abstinence and reflection D. All things were numerable and could be expressed in numbers E. Concern for cosmic harmony through ratios 3. Which of the following would NOT have been found in a Minoan palace? A. Causeways and corridors leading from outside to the central courtyard B. Theater or performance area C. Suites of rooms D. Workshops E. Weapons room 4. What "relieved" the weight of the wall above the lintel of the Lion Gateway? A. An open space or volume B. A corbel arch C. A triangular panel that filled the opening D. Two posts to support the lintel E. None of these 5. Which of the following is NOT part of the story of the Trojan War? A. Menelaus and his brother Agamemnon led the Greek forces against Troy B. The war lasted 10 years C. Odysseus tricked the Trojans with the Trojan horse D. Zeus struck Paris dead for stealing Helen E. The goddess Aphrodite helped Helen and Paris flee to Troy 6. One of the hallmarks of Aegean society from about 3000 to 1000 BCE was the use of what material, useful for arms as well as art? A. Steel B. Diorite C. Bronze 7. What is one of the absolute certainties concerning historical dating of objects, sites, and periods in the ancient Aegean era? A. Most scholars are in agreement on the dates assigned to museum pieces of Aegean origin B. The Aegean bronze age began on January 1, 3000 BCE C. We should expect dates assigned to objects to change in the future D. That we know where the people who arrived in 2000 BCE came from 8. One Greek sculptor attempted to achieve multiple views rather than a single view of the figure. He most closely approached modern sculpture. Who was he? A. Lysippos B. Polycleitos C. Exekias D. Scopas E. Phidias 9. Which of the following is NOT located on an island? A. Akrotiri B. Phaistos C. Mycenae 10. Archaeologists use the term Helladic to designate the Aegean Bronze Age in what part of the Aegean world? A. The Cyclades islands B. The Greek mainland C. Crete 11. Which of the following are NOT associated with Cycladic ceramic objects known as frying pans? A. Made of bronze B. Ornamented with stylized designs C. Painted on incised designs D. Made of terra cotta E. Possible magical association with pregnancy, childbirth and death 12. Surviving Minoan sculpture consists of A. Religious works in wood, ivory, metals, stone and faience B. Female figurines holding serpents C. Ceremonial objects D. Stone vases and rhytons E. All of these 13. At Tiryns, corbel vaulted casements, or enclosures within the thickness of the fortified city walls, provided spaces for A. Burying the dead in shaft tombs B. Storing armaments and emergency shelter for soldiers C. The king's megaron D. Lookout towers E. All of these 14. The "New Palaces" of Knossos were designed to maximize the incorporation into living areas of what two natural elements? A. Animals and water B. Light and air C. Water and fire 15. Following the collapse of Mycenaean dominance about 1100 BCE, the Aegean region A. Was immediately pulled under the cultural domination of Athens B. Experienced a period of disorganization during which most prior cultural developments were destroyed or forgotten D. was taken over by Alexander the Great E. Fell prey to Persian domination 16. During the seventh century BCE, the Greeks adopted two sophisticated new tools from Asia Minor opening the way for success in commerce and literature. What were they? A. The Doric temple and the Doric stoa B. The ziggurat and a consolidated political union under the leadership of Sparta C. Coins and Alphabetic writing D. Scupture and poetry E. All of these 17. Anti-monumental, casual architecture is characteristic of which civilization? A. Egyptian B. Minoan C. Mycenaean D. Roman E. None of these 18. Euphronios, in the Death of Sarpedon (fig. 5-28), created a perfectly balanced composition of verticals and horizontals that take the _____ of the vessel into account. A. Shape B. Size C. Decoration D. Use E. All of these

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-2- 19. Few original Greek bronze statues have survived because foundries often recycled old statues into new works. The Charioteer survived because it was A. Buried during a major earthquake in 373 BCE. B. Removed by Romans for the forum C. Always treasured by later civilizations D. Painted to resemble marble E. None of these 20. In his Discus Thrower, the sculptor Myron caught the athlete at a critical moment, the breathless instant before the concentrated energy of his body will unwind to propel the discus into space. What philosophical concept of the Greeks may this illustrate? A. Plato's ideal state B. The emphasis on the gesture as in theater C. Man in being D. Art emulates the ideal E. Everything in moderation 21. Why was the top of the Parthenon frieze carved in higher relief than the lower part, thus tilting the figures out ? A. To catch the reflected light from the pavement and permit a clearer reading of the action B. To practice the new idea of linear perspective C. To emphasize the portraits of the people in the procession D. To make it look larger E. None of these 22. Which artist was most concerned with a system of proportions? A. Psiax B. Pericles C. Polycleitos D. Aristophenes E. Alexander the Great 23. At least as early as the Temple of Hera at Paestum, the Greek Doric column has a swell in the middle of the shaft and then contracts again toward the top. What is the technical term for this column feature? A. Drum B. Entasis C. Raking D. Ekfora E. None of these 24. A good example of a building in the Ionic style is the A..Temple of Athena Nike B. Parthenon C. Temple of Poseidon at Paestum D. Temple of Ceres, Paestum E. Propylaea Gateway 25. A Dipylon vase would most likely be found in A. An Egyptian tomb B. An Athenian cemetery of the Geometric period D. The royal burial at Ur E. The Treasury of Atreus 26. A nude standing figure of a young man is known in Greek art as a A. Kore B. Kouros C. Ka D. Stele E. Canon 27. The politician most responsible for building the Parthenon was A. Pericles B. Aristotle C. Philip of Macedon D. Alexander E. Praxiteles 28. What subject was portrayed on the frieze around the Parthenon? A. Panathenaic Procession B. Dionysiac Procession C. Consulting the Delphic oracle D. Battle of Gods and Giants E. Slaying of Medusa 29. Many art historians refer to the Early Classical phase as which of the following? A. Dark Style B. Severe Style C. Emotional Style D. Transitional Style E. B and D only 30. The earliest example of the use of contrapposto was in the sculpture of the: A. Kouros from Tenea B. Kritios Boy C. Discobolos D. Doryphoros E. Hero and centaur 31. The Treasury of Atreus is an excellent example of a A. Mycenaean fortification B. Beehive tomb C. Minoan sarcophagus D. Temple treasury 32. Sir Arthur Evans A. Discovered Troy B. Found the Vaphio Cups C. Translated linear A D. Excavated Knossos E. Found the Mask of Agamemnon 33. Minoan columns are distinguished by: A. Tapering shape and bulbous capitals B. Pronounced swelling in the center C. Bud-shaped capitals D. Bull-shaped capitals E. Volutes 34. Extensive restoration has been done on the Minoan frescoes from A. Knossos B. Troy C. Mycenae D. Miletus E. Phaistos 35 The Mask of Agamemnon is an excellent example of: A. Mycenaean funerary art B. Minoan metalsmithing C. Repousse technique D. A temple object E. A and C only 36. A pinched waist, profile pose, and highly animated forms are typical of the frescoes of which of the following? A. The Cyclades B. Crete C. Assyria D. Mycenae E. Troy 37. La Parisienne is from: A. Knossos. B. Phaistos. C. Mycenae. D. Tiryns. E. Troy. 38. The Kamares style referred to: A. Gold work B. Dry fresco C. Ceramics D. Relief sculpture E. Architecture 39. The trend towards naturalism in Greek art can be seen in their development of A. Contrapposto B. Portraiture C. Genre scenes D. All of these E. None of these 40. Which are NOT qualities of Classical Greek art? A. Painterly shadowing B. Crisp clarity C. A sense of dignity and repose D. Emphasis on linear patterns E. Concern for the ideal 41. The artist selected to co-ordinate the rebuilding of the Acropolis was A. Lysippos B. Polycleitos C. Phidias D. Pericles E. Scopas 42. The early Archaic pediment sculptures from the Temple of Artemis on the island of Corfu stand in such ____________ that they actually burst out of their architectural frame. A. Cramped positions B. Low relief C. High relief D.Isocephaly 43. Many original Greek statues were executed in bronze although we currently know them from Roman copies made in A. Mural painting B. Mosaic C. Glass D. Marble E. Terra cotta 44. Hellenistic art drew heavily upon traditions begun by two Late Classical sculptors. Who were they? A. Exekias and Psiax B. Lysippos and Scopas C. Lysippos and Phidias D. Pericles and Alexander E. None of these 45. One of the best known vase painters specializing in the red-figure decoration technique was the Athenian A. Euphronios B. Callikrates C. Ajax D. Exekias E. Psiax

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-3- 46. In Orientalizing Greek vase painting, the artist absorbed motifs from the Orient. Which were they? A. Rigid, abstract human figures in geometric shapes B. Curvilinear motifs such as spirals, rosettes C. Fighting animals D. The dominance of narrative E. All except A 47. Which of the following describes the religion of Crete? A. Belief in the Minotaur, half man, half bull B. Powerful male gods ruled every aspect of peoples' daily lives C. Three goddesses controlled various aspects of the natural world D. We do not know very much about their religion because we have not deciphered their writing. 48. Which is NOT TRUE of Epicurean philosophy? A. Seek pleasure and avoid pain B. Prudence, honor and justice are essential qualities in life C. Seek sensual experiences D. Withdraw from the public arena of competition and strife E. Be independent of outward things by reducing one's wants to a minimum 49. The artistic director who oversaw sculptural production on the Parthenon, and who created the ivory and gold statue of Athena for its cella was A. Phidias B. Polycleitos C. Psiax D. Plato E. Pericles 50. A vase painting technique, which allowed the artist to render figures in black against a reddish clay while employing incision, white and purple paint for interior details, is called A. Foreshortening B. Red- figured style C. Black- figured style D. White ground technique E. None of these 51. "The Battle of the Gods and Giants" frieze from the Treasury of the Siphnians is executed in A. Floor mosaic B. Marble relief C. Panel painting D. Bronze E. Terra cotta 52. One of the sections that makes up the shaft of a column is A. Fluting B. The entablature C. The stylobate D. A drum E. Entasis 53. The triangular section crowning a Greek temple and often containing sculptural decoration is the A. Abacus B. Echinus C. Frieze D. Pediment E. Raking cornice 54. The central unit or cella of a longitudinal Greek temple is derived from A. The Mycenaean shaft grave B. Relieving triangle C. Megaron D. Tholos E. Greek palace architecture 55. Stone blocks on Greek temples were usually held together with A. Metal dowels or clamps B. Mortar C. Nails D. Metopes E. The sheer weight of the stones above 56. A colonnaded hall with a covered porch or portico is a A. Dentil B. Stoa C. Pronaos D. Pediment E. Peristyle 57. A stone slab used as a grave stone or boundary marker is a(n) A. Stylobate B. Stele C. Abacus D. Metope E. Dipylon True and False 1. T F Aristotle believed that the happiest, best and pleasantest life for man is life according to reason. 2. T F The Odyssey and the Iliad were the basis of Greek education during the Classical age because they recalled heroic times, the unity of Greece, and were a source for practical and moral education. 3. T F Greek painting was only done on vases. 4. T F Minoan art was primarily associated with the palaces. 5. T F Cycladic figures are mostly representations of women, although a few male figures have been found. 6. T F Homer's contribution was to transform and unify the oral songs of singers into a monumental literary work. 7. T F In order to make Greek sculpture more life-like, statues were painted. 8. T F The Minoan hieroglyphic writing termed Linear A has defied translation. 9. T F The linear quality of Classical Greek period continued to dominate sculpture throughout the Hellenistic period. 10. T F The Greeks concentrated on interior space for the accommodation of large groups of people within their architecture. 11. T F The "fear of empty spaces" which typifies Geometric vase painting is termed "horror vacui." 12. T F The slight swelling or bulge in the shaft of a column is termed its ekfora. 13. T F A building method using slightly projecting stones for achieving an arch is known as the corbeled arch principle. 14. T F Kore is the plural form of kouros, or standing youth. 15. T F The Temple of Zeus at Pergamon is one of the lesser studied buildings of the Acropolis in Athens. 16. T F Since the Aegean people were excellent seafarers, they cared little for farming and herding. 17. T F The problem of pediment corner sculpture was finally solved completely in the sculpture from the Temple of Artemis at Corfu. 18. T F The Choregic Monument illustrates the pure and perfected use of the Ionic Order. 19. T F We call the great architectural complexes of Crete "palaces" because they were ruled by powerful kings 20. T F When looking at the plan and reconstruction of the palace complex at Knossos and reading about the general lay-out of these structures, we can determine that this was a casual, anti-monumental building style 21. T F During the Second Palace period, the painted designs on pottery change from dark-on-light to light-on-dark designs. 22. T F The Mycenaean Greeks fought the Trojan War. 23. T F The earliest burials at Mycenae were shaft graves, one of which contained the falsely named "Mask of Agamemnon."

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-5- 24. T F The so-called Treasury of Atreus, actually a great beehive tomb, remained the largest uninterrupted interior space built in Europe for a thousand years until the Romans built the Coliseum. 25. T F The Mycenaean sculpture of Two Women with a Child shows affection and tenderness and could have been made at a time that parallels the Amarnan Revolution in Egypt . 26. T F The single most important change from the Archaic to the Classical period is the introduction of the weight-shift, or contrapposto stance in statues of standing figures making them appear more relaxed and natural-looking. 27. T F The famous Mask of Agamemnon, discovered by Heinrich Schliemann in 1876, has recently come under some scholarly suspicion as a fake. Matching

_____ Helen 1. A dark green, large, scalloped-leaved plant that inspired the decoration of Greek and Roman architecture, most notable the Corinthian capital.

_____Trojan Horse 2. gold leaf affixed to a surface _____ Aphrodite 3. powdered alloy rubbed into fine engraved lines _____ engobe 4. One metal set into another _____ gilding 5. embossing a surface by hammering out a design from the back _____ lost-wax casting 6. Molten metal poured into a mold _____ repousse 7. tiny gold globules fused to a metal surface

_____ megaron 8. The bottom element of the entablature of a classical facade beneath the frieze and cornice.

_____ Hercules 9. A set of ideal mathematical ratios based on the perceived perfect measurements of the human body.

_____ gorgon 10. A vaulted chamber within the thickness of a wall _____ architrave 11. A squared stone _____ Dionysus 12. A large audience hall; a "great room" _____ casemate 13. A stone roof _____ chryselephantine 14. The combination of ivory and gold.

_____ niello 15. In dipylon vases dealing with themes of death, it represented the funeral procession of mourners

_____ acanthus 16. A. creatures half horse, half man _____ inlay 17. Monster killed by Theseus in the labyrinth _____ Zeus 18. Chief of the Greek gods who hurled thunderbolts

_____ prothesis 19. White or colored slip, or liquid clay, applied as a type of decoration over the body of a pottery piece.

_____ triglyph 20. Won the "apple of discord" that began the Trojan War

_____ Minotaur 21. The Greek method of achieving ideal proportions visualized as the ratio of the division of a line into two unequal segments.

_____ Golden Mean 22. Odysseus' idea for winning the Trojan War

_____ ekfora 23. any of three winged sister monsters and the mortal Medusa who had live snakes for hair

_____ Paris 24. "The face that launched a thousand ships"

_____ Cyclops 25. the flickering light and dark values created by complex carving on the surface of a sculpture

_____ ashlar 26. Strongest man on earth who completed 12 labors

_____ corbel vault 27. In dipylon vases dealing with themes of death, this represents the laying out of the corpse.

_____ painterly 28. One-eyed giant who imprisoned Odysseus _____ canon 29. Prince of Troy who caused the Trojan War

_____ Centaurs 30. Vertical blocks in a Doric frieze carved with vertical grooves to emulate the endgrain of wooden beams.

_____ granulation 31. Greek god of wine and revelry

-6- Map: On the map below, locate the following places: •The Cyclades •Crete •Athens •Sparta •Troy Location of the palace of Knossos Location of the Parthenon Location of the Temple of Pergamon Place where the Trojan Horse was used Site of Agamemnon's Mask Where Theseus slew the Minotaur Location of good marble and the emery to work it with Place where Philip of Macedon's tomb was found Home of the valiant fighters at Thermopylae

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