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Vocabulary Sec 1

1.Anaconda Plan

2.King Cotton Diplomacy

3.Fort Sumter

4.Battle of Bull Run

5.Fort Pulaski

A Nation Divided• 1820 Congress tried to end quarrels over

slavery by passing the Missouri Compromise

• Missouri CompromiseMissouri Compromise= an imaginary line through the Louisiana Territory

• Except for Missouri, states north of the line would be free states. States to the south allowed slavery.

• It worked until 1850, when California joined and the Compromise of 1850 was enacted (Gold rush-1849)

A Nation Divided Continued…

There were 15 slave states and 15 free statesCalifornia asked to join the United States as a free

state, tipping the balance of the free statesHenry Clay Henry Clay = Senator from Kentucky (Slave

Owner) came up with Compromise of 1850. Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850= Allowed California to join

the union as a free state. In return, the North agreed to allow the territories of New Mexico and Utah to decide for themselves if they wanted to be free or slave states. (popular sovereignty + states’ rights)

Fugitive Slave LawFugitive Slave Law= a law that required free states to help capture escaping/escaped slaves.

The Conflict Spreads

• Many people were against the Compromise of 1850.

• Abolitionists argued that the Fugitive Slave Law clashed with the Bill of Rights. Under the law, a free slave could be captured and sold into slavery.

• Kansas Nebraska ActKansas Nebraska Act= allowed the Kansas and Nebraska territories to decide for themselves whether to allow slavery (Pop. Sovereignty= State’s Rights)

The Conflict Spreads Continued…

The Kansas- Nebraska Act angered abolitionists because both were north of the Missouri Compromise Line.

This made groups afraid that planters would win enough votes for the territories to allow slavery to begin moving into the territories.

Free soilersFree soilers= People committed to making the territories free.

18561856= Violence broke out between supporters of slavery and free soilers. Hundreds of people were killed. Newspapers referred to this incident as “Bleeding Kansas”“Bleeding Kansas”

A New Political Party

• Republican partyRepublican party= they were against slavery and took a stand against it. They opposed allowing slavery in the territories.

• Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln= a lawyer from Illinois. He was morally against slavery, and was also firmly against the extension of slavery into the territories.

Abraham Lincoln

• He ran for senator as a member of the Republican party.

• During his campaign he was strongly against slavery.

• Lincoln lost that election.

• However, it made him well-known throughout the country.

ABRAHAM LINCOLN

Dred Scott

Dred Scott Dred Scott = was an enslaved man that asked the court to allow him to be free, because he lived with his owner in a free territory.

DecisionDecision= Supreme Court ruled against him because they said that an enslaved person was property, and that the constitution protects the right for citizens to take their property anywhere. Furthermore, they said that the Missouri Compromise had not been constitutional.

John Brown Raid

John BrownJohn Brown= an abolitionist who hoped to start a rebellion that would end slavery.

In the dawn of October 16, 1859, they took control of a building in Harpers FerryHarpers Ferry, VirginiaVirginia, where the federal government stored weapons. Brown and his men were arrested.

John’s raid made Southerners fear that the North would stop at nothing to abolish slavery.

Northerners were divided on the issue Northerners were divided on the issue of warof war

John Brown’s Raid Continued…

• Another abolitionist named Theodore Parker called Brown “a saint.” The Liberator called Brown’s plan “insane.”

• There are at least 2 sides

to every issue

Election of 1860

• Election for presidency.

• Lincoln was up against three candidates for the Presidency.

• Lincoln was the only one against slavery.

• His platform: to preserve the union he said he would leave the union the way it was, with existing slaves.

Election of 1860 contiued…

• If that would happen then there would be more free states than slave states.

• The South said that if Lincoln won the election they would secede from the union.

• SecedeSecede= means that the states would leave the union.

• Lincoln won the election in December of 1860 through electoral, not popular votes

• South Carolina South Carolina was the first state to leave the was the first state to leave the Union.Union.

• The next states to secede were Mississippi, Florida, Mississippi, Florida,

Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, TexasAlabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas• With South Carolina they formed a new country country

called The Confederate States of America (the Confederacy).

• They had their own Constitution and named their president… Jefferson Davis.

The Confederacy

JEFFERSON DAVIS

He was a senator from Mississippi and a planter who had fought in the Mexican War, proving his military expertise.

Economic Forces• The North produced almost all firearms, cloth,

iron, ships, boats and shoes in the country

• The South produced agricultural products like cotton, wheat, corn, and livestock

• Because they relied on cotton, they had difficulty growing enough food for troops and civilians

• The North controlled most of the nation’s wealth through their system of banks

Economic Forces cont’d

• Human resources– North had 22 million people– South had only 9 million, 3.5 million of which

were slaves– This made the south militarily disadvantaged

with only 5.5 million to put to work for the war

Georgia in the War

• Fort Pulaski in Savannah, Union troops shelled the fort

• Confederate forces surrendered

• Union soldiers occupied it, making it unusable for Confederate forces

Georgia’s Resources• Industry included:

– Milling grain into flour and meal– Textiles (making thread into usable cloth items)

Agriculture was encouraged to suspend cotton production and grow corn instead, to feed the troops

GA had 1400 miles of railroads which ran through Atlanta

ATL=major transportation area with factories, mills, and arsenals

The Battle of Fort Sumter • Lincoln sent supplies to Fort Sumter in South

Carolina that was commanded by the Union.

• The Confederacy attacked Fort Sumter before the supplies arrived.

• Union soldiers were forced to surrender.

• Four more states seceded the Union.

• When Virginia left, Robert E. Lee resigned from the Union Army.

•

Robert E. Lee

West Point trained, he did not want to fight against the Union, but felt the need to defend Virginia.

The Civil War Begins

• Lincoln tried to preserve the Union after the attack of Fort Sumter

• The Civil War divided the country, the states, and even families.

• Brother fought brother, fathers fought sons

• Civil warCivil war: a war between people in the same country.

War Plans of the Union • Strategy= is a long- range plan made to

reach a goal.

• Union Strategy= to invade and weaken the South.

• Anaconda PlanAnaconda Plan: Union blockade of southern ports to stop the South from receiving weapons or supplies from European countries.

War Plans of the Union continued…

It was called that because an anaconda is a snake that squeezes its prey to death.

• The North would squeeze the South by not letting it ship or receive goods.

• If the South could not sell its cash crops, it would not have money to buy supplies for its army.

War Plans of the Confederates

• King Cotton Diplomacy: King Cotton Diplomacy: South thought that foreign support would come due to their need for cotton (they found other cotton sources instead)

• Also saw aAlso saw an advantage to a long war, thinking the North would get tired of fighting

• Mosquito Fleet=Mosquito Fleet=small boats helped blockade runners into Savannah harbor

Early Battles

• In the first year of the War neither side won major victories.

• Most of the War’s major battles were fought in the South.

• See map, SS book page 266

The Battle of Bull Run• It was the first major battle fought in the Civil It was the first major battle fought in the Civil

WarWar, fought on July 21, 1861. • Aka: Battle of Manassas, VA in the south • Both sides came with a lot of soldiers=about 30,000

soldiers each • Untrained soldiers were on both sides• Citizens of Washington, DC came to watch• Stonewall Jackson was nicknamed here=for

standing like a wall during battle• When their flanks broke, Union fled=

Confederate victory

Battle of Bull Run

July 1861

Thomas“Stonewall” Jackson

“There is Jackson standing like a stone wall. Rally behind the Virginians!”

Vocabulary Sec 2

6. Draft

7. 20-slave Exemption

8. 54th Massachusetts Regiment

The Battle of Antietam • September, 1862 General Robert E. Lee

led the Confederate army into Maryland hoping this invasion would end the war

• The Union soldiers met his army at Antietam Creek, Maryland.

• Both sides lost many men in a bloody battle.

• The Confederates retreated to Virginia.

The Battle of Antietam continued…

More soldiers died in one day in the Battle of Antietam than any other day of the war so far

• About 1550 Confederate soldiers and more than 2100 Union soldiers were killed.

• Even though both sides lost a lot of soldiers, Lincoln announced the freedom of every slave.

The Emancipation Proclamation

• When Abraham Lincoln took office, he was opposed to slavery for the South.

• He went to war to keep the nation united. • As the war progressed , he believed that

slavery could be ended• A few days before the Battle of Antietam

Lincoln had shared a secret to his cabinet. He had planned to free at least some of the enslaved people.

The Emancipation Proclamation continued…

• On January 1, 1863 Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation.

• It said that all the areas that was still fighting against the North were free.

• However, the enslaved people in border states were not free.

• The Proclamation did not free many enslaved people because the Union had no control of the South.

The Emancipation Proclamation continued…

• This document expanded goals of war to include freeing all enslaved states.

• As the Union soldiers moved to the South they carried out the Emancipation Proclamation.

• Many enslaved people, newly freed, joined the Union army or worked as laborers behind the battle lines.

• Some people thought the Union might be …

The Emancipation Proclamation continued…

• …able to win the war but that the South would still be able to keep slavery.

• Now after the Emancipation Proclamation everyone knew that was not going to be the case anymore.

Americans At War • In the North and South only men were allowed to join the

army, however, women had many ways to help. • They took over factory , business, and farm jobs that men

left behind, and worked as nurses.• Dorothea Dix and Clara Barton both worked as nurses for

the Union Army • Barton’s kindness earned her the nickname “Angel of the

Battlefield.”• Belle Boyd, from Virginia, also spied for the Confederacy.

African American Soldiers

About 180,000 African Americans served in the Union army during the Civil War where they faced prejudice in the North and South.

At first, black soldiers were not paid as much as the white soldiers, and were given poor equipment, or often ran out of supplies.

African American Soldiers …

• They led raids behind Confederate lines, served as spies and scouts and fought in almost every major battle of the war.

• One of the best known African American regiments was the Fifty-fourth Massachusetts led by Robert Gould Shaw.

• In 1863, they led an attack on Fort Wagner in South Carolina where Confederate forces drove them back.

• Many soldiers in the regiment, including Shaw, were killed.

Vocabulary Sec 3

9. Battle of Shiloh

10. Ulysses S. Grant

11. William Tecumseh Sherman

12. Robert E. Lee

13.Battle of Antietam

14. Emancipation Proclamation

15. Battle of Gettysburg

16.Gettysburg Address

Grant was a poor student, but ended up being a brilliant general.

General

Ulysses S.

Grant

Toward a Union Victory with the Battle of Vicksburg

• One of Grant’s most important battles was in May at Vicksburg, Mississippi.

• He laid siege to Vicksburg. Guns pounded the city, and the Union army cut off all supplies.

• 2 months after the siege began, Vicksburg surrendered

• The Union now had control of the Mississippi River, cutting the South in 2 parts, making communication and supplies impossible to get

Chancellorsville, Virginia

• General Lee defeated Union troops at Chancellorsville, Virginia.

• Victory gave the Confederacy confidence to try to invade the North again.

• Southerners thought if they could win a major victory in a Northern state people in the North would demand an end to the war.

ChancellorsvilleMay 1863

Union Victories = Battle of Gettysburg.

• So, June 1863, General Lee’s troops headed North to the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania where they met Union forces

• The fighting lasted for three days during which more than 3000 Union soldiers and nearly 4000 Confederate soldiers were killed

• More than 20,000 men on each side were wounded or reported missing making 45-50,000 people gone or unaccounted for

Battle ofGettysburg

July 1863

Battle of Gettysburg

July 1863

The Gettysburg Address

• On November 19,1863 President Abraham Lincoln dedicated a Union cemetery at Gettysburg

• Nearly 6000 people gathered for the ceremony.

• The speech lasted less than three minutes

The Gettysburg Address continued…

• He honored the soldiers who had died defending those ideals on which America had been founded, ending with these words: “…that these dead shall not have died in vain… that the government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish* from the earth.”

• *[disappear]

Vocabulary Sec 4 & 5

17.March to the Sea

18.Field Order No. 120

19.Andersonville

20.Field Order No. 15

21.Appomattox Courthouse

22.John Wilkes Booth

Andersonville• Andersonville was one of the largest

prison camps during the American Civil War

• During the 14 months the prison existed, more than 45,000 Union Soldiers were confined here. Of these, almost 13,000 died from disease, poor sanitation, malnutrition, overcrowding, or exposure to the elements

Andersonville Prison

WilliamTecumseh Sherman

Sherman’s March• 1864-Grant made Sherman go to Atlanta with an army of

62,000 men who shelled the city and held it under siege for 40 days

• Destruction was 60 miles wide- 300 miles long to Savannah• Union burned homes, stores, destroyed crops, railroad tracks • He waged “total war”- property was seized, homes &

businesses were burned• Savannah was protected from the sea, but not from land, so

Sherman conquered Savannah, giving it to Lincoln as a Christmas gift

The War Ends• In the North, Grant’s army was defeating

Lee’s smaller army .

• In April 1865, Confederate troops evacuated Richmond Virginia.

• As they left they set the city on fire.

• Soon afterwards the Union soldiers took control of Richmond.

The War Ends continues…• Lee’s men were STARVING and they were

outnumbered by 10 to 1.

• On April 9.1865, Lee met with Grant in a farmhouse in the Virginia Village of Appomattox Court House.

• Grant wrote out the agreement of the surrender for Lee’s signature.

The War Ends continues…

• After four years the War was over.

• The Union preserved the Nation but at a terrible cost.

• More than 6,000,000 soldiers died in the Civil War.

• The South was left in ruins, with joy and victory in the North

• Appomattox Courthouse April 9, 1865Virginia

Assassination of Abraham Lincoln

• On April 14, 1865 just five days after Lee’s surrender , President Lincoln was assassinated.

• He was assassinated in Ford’s Theatre in Washington , D.C.

• He was murdered by John Wilkes Booth.

• Booth was an actor and was a Confederate sympathizer (supporter)

• The President that worked to keep the nation together was dead!

Lincoln’s Funeral

Columbus,Ohio

April 29, 1865

Study Guide Answers

Civil War

Chapter 12

1. Bull Run Manassas

2. Battle of Gettysburg

3. South could keep slaves if fighting stopped and they realigned with the Union

4. gave them confidence they could win

5. Blockade runners slipped through

6. It was the industrial and transportation center

7. Europe got cotton from other sources

8. Sherman-total war=total destruction

9. To protected $28 million of stored cotton

10.To end civilian support of Confederates, and shorten the war

11.Andersonville

12.To continue trade with Europe

13.Henry Wirz

14.Union strength was shown at Antietam

15.“total war”, guerilla warfare, complete destruction

16.Battle at Kennesaw

17.Sectionalism (stereotyping), economic (industrial North vs agricultural South), slavery (balance of free to slave states), state’s rights (differing govt ideals about federal powers)

18.When Jeff Davis was captured

May 10, 1865, Irwinville, GA

19. Rich man’s war, poor man’s fight

20. Refer to #5

21. Southern region believed in state’s rights, not big government