Texas History

Chapter 3 Section 3

Pueblo and Plains Cultures

Jumanos (hoo*MAH*nohz)◦ Traded and hunted bison throughout present day Texas, New

Mexico, northern Mexico.◦ Lived in Mountains and Basins which is present day cities of El

Paso, Alpine; the Guadalupe Mtns., Davis Mtns., Chisos Mtns.◦ Homes made of -ADOBE sundried mud, clay and straw.◦ Depended on Farming and trading; but eventually they died off

because farming in west Texas was very difficult,◦ Acted as Middlemen- or go betweens, for eastern farming

tribes, such as the Caddos, and the western Pueblo people who lived in cities built on the sides of cliffs.

◦ Eventually died off because farming was difficult in Western Plains.

◦ Another distinctive trait of the tribe was that they had jewelry made of hair, and both men and women wore the jewelry.

Homes made of sundried mud, clay and straw—

Adobe Or go betweens; for eastern farming tribes

to west pueblo natives that lived in cities— Middlemen What region of Texas did the Jumanos

inhabit? Mtns. And basins

Closely linked to the Jumanos; did more hunting than farming; little is known about them. Part of the Pueblo Culture.

Comanche- lived in great/high plains which is present day Amarillo, Lubbock, Permian Basin; and Edwards Plateau. Inhabited a vast land from early 1700s- late 1800s was referred to as the Comencheria. Covered parts Mexico, Texas, Kansas, Oklahoma, Colorado and New Mexico. Hunting and war two main activities in Comanches life.

-war like-nomadic hunters-depended on buffalo-traded and friendly

Reservation life in Oaklahoma

P Tribes

Apaches- 2 groups lived in Mtns./Basins, present day El Paso, Alpine, Guadalupe Peak

Lipan- ◦ Planted and farmed◦ Lived on farming settlements◦ Hunted and gathered◦ Not friendly◦ Traded little◦ Spoke Athapaskan- Mescalero-

lived in west mtn. regiondepended less on buffalosettled mostly in mtn. villages

Apaches live on reservations in New Mexico

What were the two main activities in the Comanche's life?

Hunting and war How many groups made up the Apaches

tribe? What are the names? 2-Lipan and Mescalrero Are there any descendents of the Apaches

living today, and if yes where? Yes, in New Mexico

Tonkawas-◦ Arrived in early 1600s; lived on southeastern

edge of Edwards Plateau-present day Austin◦ Depended on buffalo for food and clothing◦ Big on agriculture ( farm and farm animals)◦ Fish, deer, birds, rabbits rattlesnakes, and turtles◦ Survived despite hardships

Kiowas-Shared the plains with ComanchesAllies with comanchesnomadichunting to surviveelk, antelope, deer and bearDried buffalo meat- jerkyAnnual Sun dance- prevent sickness and disasters Shamans

Culture eventually died off

One advantage humans had over animals they hunted was that humans had weapons.

Farming changed the way people lived because it led to more complex societies.

Europeans learned many things from the Natives– how to cultivate plants; how to hunt native animals; and how to prepare new food.

Tonkawas depended on what for food and clothing?

Buffalo One advantage humans had over animals

they hunted? Weapons Kiowas inhabited what part of Texas? Plains Tonkawas were big on— Farming

Traded agricultural products- corn, squash, beans- for animal skins and meat.

Distinctive tattoos- stripes on face Men cut their hair short except for one long

lock in which they would tie feathers into.