textile applications for medical and hygienic dosage

Textile applications for medical and hygienic

dosage

MOL-9906 Intelligent Textiles and Smart Garments

07.10.2011Cigdem AKDUMAN

[email protected]

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www.themegallery.com

Contents

INTRODUCTION1

MEDICAL AND HYGIENIC DOSAGE2ACTIVE AGENTS AND APPLICATION METHODS3

ANTIMICROBIAL FIBERS AND TEXTILES4

6

5 SLOW RELEASE SYSTEMS

CONCLUSIONS

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MEDICAL AND HYGIENIC DOSAGE

“Medical and Hygienic dosage” covers medical or hygienic active agents released or transferred at any time.

active agents can be integrated into textile structures and products by some application also textile structures or fibers can be

produced with these agents

LOGOMEDICAL AND HYGIENIC DOSAGE

Considering medical and hygienic dosage most important application is antimicrobial applications.

All kind of socks, Bandages, wound care items, Bedding; pillow cases or bed linens, Sportswear, Underwear, Filtration, Outdoor equipment, Towels, bathrobes,


Workwear, Carpets, Nursery products Baby wearShirts

LOGOBeside Antimicrobials;

Moisture management systems are complementary systems for antimicrobial application.

anti-allergens anti-insects anti-static applications scent microencapsulation technology


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ACTIVE AGENTS AND APPLICATION METHODS

Synthetic compounds; quaternary ammonium compounds, N-halamines, polybiguanides, triclosan, nanoparticles of noble metals and metal oxides

Considering the antimicrobial agentschemical structures

Natural compoundsbioactive plant-

based products

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leaching

Biocides Biostats

controlled-releasebound antimicrobials

Antimicrobials

barrier- forming agents

Poor Washing resistance

good washing resistance


According to their mechanism of antimicrobial activity, toxicity, durability and ecological acceptability, these agents can be divided into

ACTIVE AGENTS AND APPLICATION METHODS

LOGOStructures of Antimicrobial Agents


Biocide Fibre MICToxicity

Fibre interaction andside-effects

Silver

PolyesterPolyamide

WoolRegenerated

cellulose

0,05-0,1 mg/LAgainst E.coli

Little tonontoxic

Slow Release;durable but Ag can

be depleted

QACs

CottonPolyester

PolyamideWool

10-100 mg/LAgainst Gram-positive

and Gram-negativebacteria

Moderate to

highly toxic

Covalent bonding;very durable:

possible bacterial resistance

PHMB(Vantocil)

CottonPolyester

Polyamide

0,5-10 mg/L against Gram-positive


Moderate acute aquatic

toxicity

Large amount needed; potential bacterial

resistance

Triclosan

PolyesterPolyamide

Cellulose acetateAcrylic fibre

Less than 10 mg/LAgainst Gram-positive


Breaks down

into toxic

Large amount needed; potential bacterial

resistance

N-Halamines

CottonPolyester

PolyamideWool

NaModerate

tohighly toxic

Needs regeneration odour from residual

chlorine

Synthetic compounds

LOGOMetals and Metal Salts


Copper, zinc and cobalt, are also effective antimicrobial agents for textiles, silver ions and its compounds are the most widely used in textiles.

Silver metal alone, silver acetate, silver nitrate, and silver protein all have antimicrobial effect

LOGO Silver sulfadiazine


The antimicrobial effect may be summarized by below mechanism of silverions on textile surfaces;

Stopping the oxygen supply by blocking oxygen-transporting enzymes

Stopping the multiplication of bacteria by inactivating sulphur-containingbacterial proteins

Stopping the nutrient supply by blockingthe cell membrane

LOGOQuaternary Ammonium Compounds;


Quaternary ammonium compounds are membrane-active agents. These compounds carry a positive charge at the N atom in solution and cause microorganism cell membrane damages, interruption of protein activity and destruction of the cell structure

LOGOPolybiguanides PHMB


most important antimicrobial agents among Polybiguanides is poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) PHMB

Reputex 20® is a special grade PHMB developed by Arch Chemicals for textile treatments

These days it can be applied to polyester and nylon as well, under the trade name Purista®

LOGORegenerable N-halamine and Peroxyacid


N-halamines are heterocyclic organic compounds containing one or two covalent bonds formed between nitrogen and a halogen (N–X), in which the latter is usually chlorine

N-halamine compounds’ antimicrobial properties are based on the electrophilic substitution of Cl in the N-Cl bond with H.

LOGOHalogenated Phenols (Triclosan)


Among halogenated phenols, triclosan is the most widely used biocide; it is present in many contemporary consumer and personal health-care products, detergents and household objects, including textiles and plastics.

Chemical structure of triclosan

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Natural compounds

Chitosan

Sericin

Aloe vera

Neem

LOGONatural compounds


ChitosanChitosan is a deacetylated derivate of chitin, non toxic, resistant to microorganisms, biodegradable and biocompatible.



SericinIt is a biomolecule of great value since it has antibacterial properties, UV resistance, resists oxidation and has hydrating properties

NeemThe extract of neem has been used in pesticide formulations that due to their pesticide repellent properties have the potential to inhibit the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative



Aloe veraIt is a natural plant gives aloe gel, which has antimicrobial activity against various microbes Aloe vera also has antibacterial and

antifungal properties that can be exploited in applications for medical textiles such as bandages, sutures, bioactive textiles, etc.

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Natural compounds

Eucalyptus oil has cleaning properties, Prickly chaff flower (Achysanthus aspera) is a herbs, Clove oil (eugenol) is the main product of Syzygium aromaticum and they all present antimicrobial activity. But their applications in textile substrates are still being explored

LOGOANTIMICROBIAL FIBERS AND TEXTILES

Silver has been directly absorbed into pre-formed SeaCell® Active, is a lyocell fiber made of cellulose from certain seaweeds with a large capacity for absorbing mineral

Sauquoit Industries, Inc is producing a silver coated nylon fibre called X-Static

Coolmax® freshFX™.is produced by ADVANSA by incorporating a silver-based additive to Coolmax®



An antibacterial polyester fiber that incorporates an inorganic bioactive additive to flame retardant Trevira fibers called Trevira CS Bioactive fiber



Thomson Research Associates manufactures Ultra-Fresh® and Silpure® products

CrabyonR is a development of a composite fibre of chitosan and viscose with durable antimicrobial activity from natural resources

Milliken has developed a silver-based antimicrobial agent, AlphaSan®, which is a zirconium phosphate-based ceramic ion-exchange resin containing silver and is added during the extrusion process of synthetic fibers


LOGOSLOW RELEASE SYSTEMS

Slow release systems are cyclodextrins, aza-crown ethers or fullerenes, as well as onexchange fibres, drug-loaded hollow fibres, textiles treated with nanoparticles and fibres with bioactive compounds

Most important point is that the delivery systems are mainly discussed in terms of features such as biocompatibility and controllability


LOGOCONCLUSIONS

In case of antimicrobial agents they should be effective against a broad spectrum of bacterial and fungal species

Medical and hygiene agents should have low toxicity to consumers, e.g. not cause toxicity, allergy or irritation to the user

Should be durable to laundering, dry cleaning and hot pressing

LOGOCONCLUSIONS

The finishing should not negatively affect the quality (e.g.

physical strength and handle) or appearance of the textile, they should be applied easily

should preferably be compatible with textile chemical processes such as dyeing, be cost effective and environmental friendly, during their production stage they should not produce harmful substances to manufacturer


textile applications for medical and hygienic dosage

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