textual criticism charts

8/6/2019 Textual Criticism Charts

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[A]

I. Preliminaries

A. Biblical reference: 1 John 5:7-8

B. Greek text involved in variation as found in UBS4: 7o[ti trei/j eivsin oi`marturou/ntej(8to. pneu/ma kai. to. u[dwr kai. to. ai]ma( kai. oi`trei/j eivj to. e[n eivsin)

C. Literal rendering: because three are which testify (are testifying), the spirit and

the water and the blood, and the three in the one areD. NRSV rendering: 7There are three that testify:*8the Spirit and the water and the

blood, and these three agree.

E. NKJV rendering: 7For there are three that bear witness [in heaven: the Father, the

Word, and the Holy Spirit; and these three are one. 8And there are three that bearwitness on earth:] the Spirit, the water, and the blood; and these three agree as

one.

F. NASB rendering: 7For there are three that testify: 8the Spirit and the water andthe blood; and the three are in agreement.

G. ESV rendering: 7For there are three that testify: 8the Spirit and the water and the

blood; and these three agree.H. Delineation of problem:

1. List any alternative readings:

a. marturou/ntej evn tw/ ouvranw/( o` path.r o` lo,gojkai. to. a[gion pneu/ma( kai. ou-toi oi` trei/j e[neivsin) 8kai. trei/j ei,sin oi` marturou/ntej evn th/ gh/( to/ pneu/ma kai. to. u[dwr kai. to. ai-ma

i. omitkai. oi` trei/j ))) eivsinb. testimonium dicunt (or: dunt) in terra, spiritus (or: spiritus et)

aqua et sanguis, et hi tres unum sunt in Christo Iesu. 8et tres

sunt, qui testimonium diunt in caelo, pater, verbum et spiritus

2. Label each alternative as to the kind of variation is involved (e.g.,

omission, addition, transposition of words, substitution)

a. Addition (congruent with Latin reading)i. Addition to UBS but omission from first alternative

b. Addition

3. Translate the alternatives so as to bring out the differences in meaningeach conveys

Alternative Readings Kind of Variation Translation

marturou/ntej evn tw/ouvranw/( o` path.r o`lo,goj kai. to. a[gionpneu/ma( kai. ou-toi oi`trei/j e[n eivsin) 8kai.trei/j ei,sin oi`marturou/ntej evn th/gh/( to/ pneu/ma kai. to.

Addition which testify in the heaven,

the Father the Word and the

Holy Spirit, and these the threeone are. and three are the ones

which testify in the earth, the

Spirit and the water and theblood


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u[dwr kai. to. ai[matestimonium dicunt (or: dunt)

in terra, spiritus (or: spiritus

et) aqua et sanguis, et hi tresunum sunt in Christo Iesu. 8et

tres sunt, qui testimoniumdiunt in caelo, pater, verbum

et spiritus

Addition give witness (literally: speak evidence) on earth: the spirit,

the water, and the blood, and

these three are one in Christ

Jesus. There are three thatgive witness (literally: speak

evidence) in heaven: the

Father, the word, and thespirit

II. External Evidence

A. Accumulation of Evidence

Readings Evidence

[A] a A B (Y 1844 1852 marturou/sin) 048vid33 81 322 323 426 945 1067 1175 1241 1243

1292 1409 1505 1611 1735 1739 1846 18812138 2298 2344 2464Byz[K L P]Lect(l884ba,ptismaforai-ma) Old Latin VulgateSyriac Coptic Armenian Ethiopic Georgian

Slavic Clement (Origen) (Cyril) Ps-Dionysiusvid (John-Damascus); Rebaptism

Ambrose Augustine Quodvultdeus Frecundus

Alt. Reading 1 221 2318 (61 629 omitkai. oi` trei/j )))eivsin; 61 88 429 629 636 918 with otherminor Alt. Readings) lAD Vulgate Armenian

Alt. Reading 2 Old Latin Vulgate (Cyprian) (Ps-Cyprian)

(Priscillian) Speculum Varimadum Ps-VigiliusFulgentius

B. Distribution of Evidence

Readings Byzantine Alexandrian Western Others

[A] 18 minuscules K

LByz Lecta A BY 048vid33 81 323 1175

1739 2298Coptic Ethiopic

Clement

(Origen)

Old Latin

Vulgate Syriac

Slavic?Augustine

Armenian Syriac

Georgian (Cyril)

Alt. Reading 1 8 minuscules lAD Vulgate ArmenianAlt. Reading 2 Old Latin

Vulgate

(Cyprian)

C. Evaluation of Evidence

Readings Rationale

[A] 7o[ti trei/j eivsin oi` marturou/ntej(8to. pneu/ma kai. to. u[dwr kai. to.

Wider geographic area, more accepted and

earlier witnesses, more witnesses in agreement


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ai]ma( kai. oi` trei/j eivj to. e[neivsin)marturou/ntej evn tw/ ouvranw/( o`path.r o` lo,goj kai. to. a[gionpneu/ma( kai. ou-toi oi` trei/j e[n

eivsin)8

kai. trei/j ei,sin oi`marturou/ntej evn th/ gh/( to/pneu/ma kai. to. u[dwr kai. to. ai[ma

Sparse witnesses, though not bound to one text

type

testimonium dicunt (or: dunt) in terra, spiritus

(or: spiritus et) aqua et sanguis, et hi tresunum sunt in Christo Iesu. 8et tres sunt, qui

testimonium diunt in caelo, pater, verbum et

spiritus

Too isolated, derivative Gr manuscripts

fabricated

III. Internal Evidence

A. Transcriptional Probabilities

Readings Possible Error in Transcription[A] 7o[ti trei/j eivsin oi` marturou/ntej(8to. pneu/ma kai. to. u[dwr kai. to.ai]ma( kai. oi` trei/j eivj to. e[neivsin)

Doctrinal changes?

marturou/ntej evn tw/ ouvranw/( o`path.r o` lo,goj kai. to. a[gionpneu/ma( kai. ou-toi oi` trei/j e[neivsin) 8kai. trei/j ei,sin oi`marturou/ntej evn th/ gh/( to/pneu/ma kai. to. u[dwr kai. to. ai[ma

Doctrinal changes

testimonium dicunt (or: dunt) in terra, spiritus(or: spiritus et) aqua et sanguis, et hi tresunum sunt in Christo Iesu. 8et tres sunt, qui

testimonium diunt in caelo, pater, verbum et

spiritus

Doctrinal changes

B. Intrinsic Probabilities

Readings Authors Style Vocabulary Theology

[A] 7o[ti trei/jeivsin oi`marturou/ntej(8to. pneu/ma kai. to.

u[dwr kai. to.ai]ma( kai. oi`trei/j eivj to. e[neivsin)

o[ti clausesrepetition

the water and the

blood in prev. v.

marture,w,marturi,apneu/mau[dwr

ai-ma

In agreement

marturou/ntejevn tw/ ouvranw/( o` path.r o`lo,goj kai. to.

Repetition a[gion pneu/ma =infrequent

In agreement


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a[gionpneu/ma( kai. ou-toi oi` trei/j e[neivsin) 8kai. trei/jei,sin oi`

marturou/ntejevn th/ gh/( to/pneu/ma kai. to.u[dwr kai. to.ai[maAlt. Lat. reading Repetition in Christ Jesus = not

Johannine

In agreement


Readings Rationale

[A] 7o[ti trei/j eivsin oi` marturou/ntej(8to. pneu/ma kai. to. u[dwr kai. to.

ai]ma( kai. oi` trei/j eivj to. e[neivsin)

Agrees with context of what John already

wrote in v. 6; agrees with Johns theology;

agrees best with Johns usual vocabulary andstyle

marturou/ntej evn tw/ ouvranw/( o`path.r o` lo,goj kai. to. a[gionpneu/ma( kai. ou-toi oi` trei/j e[neivsin) 8kai. trei/j ei,sin oi`marturou/ntej evn th/ gh/( to/pneu/ma kai. to. u[dwr kai. to. ai[ma

Though still in agreement with Johns

theology, the style and vocabulary is notreflective of Johns writing; does not fit the

context of 1 John 5 as adequately as [A]

testimonium dicunt (or: dunt) in terra, spiritus

(or: spiritus et) aqua et sanguis, et hi tres

unum sunt in Christo Iesu. 8et tres sunt, qui

testimonium diunt in caelo, pater, verbum etspiritus

Same as first alternative reading

IV. Summary and ConclusionA. [A]: The accepted reading in UBS4 is prevalent across a wide geographical area

as well as among earlier manuscripts of the three readings. The Alt. Reading

agrees best with Johns style, vocabulary, and theology. The content maintainsthe context of 1 John 5.

B. Alt. Reading 2: This readings prevalence is limited in its geographical area and

to later manuscripts. Few Greek witnesses testify to this reading, and the styleand vocabulary is not unquestionably Johannine. The context of 1 John 5 does

not lend to a testimony of the Trinity in heaven, though such a testimony isconsistent with Johannine theology.

C. Alt. Reading 3: The scarcity of external evidence (limitation to one text type and

few manuscript support) and the inconsistency with Johannine vocabulary makes

this reading unlikely as original.

[B]


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I. Preliminaries

A. Biblical reference: James 2:20B. Greek text involved in variation as found in UBS4: qe,leij de. gnw/nai( w=

a;nqrwpe kene,( o[ti h` pi,stij cwri.j tw/n e;rgwn a`rgh evstin*

C. Literal rendering: [Do you] intend and [to] learn, O man vain, that the faith apart[from] the works idle is?

D. NRSV rendering: Do you want to be shown, you senseless person, that faithwithout works is barren?

E. NKJV rendering: But do you want to know, O foolish man, that faith without

works is dead?

F. NASB rendering: But are you willing to recognize, you foolish fellow, that faithwithout works is useless?

G. ESV rendering: Do you want to be shown, you foolish person, that faith apart

from works is useless?H. Delineation of problem:

1. List any alternative readings:a. nekra,b. kenh,

2. Label each alternative as to the kind of variation is involved (e.g.,

omission, addition, transposition of words, substitution)a. Substitution

b. Substitution

3. Translate the alternatives so as to bring out the differences in meaningeach conveys


nekra, Substitution dead

kenh, Substitution vain



Readings Evidence

[B] B C 322 323 945 1175 1243 1739 Old Latin

Vulgate Coptic Augustine

Alt. Reading 1 a A CY 33 81 436 1067 1241 1292 14091505 1611 1735 1852 2138 2298 2344 2464Byz[K L P]LectVulgate Syriac CopticEthopic Slavic Ps-Athanasius Didymus Cyril;

Faustus Salvian Cassiodonus

Alt. Reading 2 P. 74 Old Latin



[B] avrgh,idle, useless

322 945 B C 323 11751739 Coptic

(Sahidic)

Old LatinVulgate

Augustine


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nekra,daed 436 1067 12411292 1409 15051611 1735 1852

2138 2344 2464Byz[K L P]Lect

Syriac PeshittaDidymus?

a A CY 33 812298 Coptic(Bohairic)

Ethiopic

Vulgate Syriac

(Harclean) Slavic

kenh,vain P. 74 Old LatinC. Evaluation of Evidence

Readings Rationale

[B] avrgh,idle, useless A couple early and trustworthy witnesses; widegeographical area; probably developed inAlexandrian region first

nekra,dead A few early and trustworthy witnesses; widegeographical area; strong Byzantine and

Alexandrian support

kenh,vain One early papyri witness; remote reading

III. Internal Evidence

A. Transcriptional Probabilities

Readings Possible Error in Transcription

[B] avrgh,idle, useless Doctrinal precisionnekra,dead Homoeoteleuton (v. 26)kenh,vain Transposition of letters?; doctrinal precision



[B] avrgh,idle,

useless

only used here In agreement

nekra,dead used three times inthis passage only

In agreement

kenh,vain only use as voc. insame v.; verb form

used once in Ch. 4

In agreement


Readings Rationale

[B] avrgh,idle, useless Vocabulary not typical of James yet notconflicting w/ James writing; could be a play

on words (Metzger 681)

nekra,dead, useless Honors James vocabulary and theologyconveniently; possible homoeoteleuton andpartially synonymous w/ avrgh,

kenh,vain Possible intentional change (voc. form usedearlier in v.); possible transposition ifnekro,jis original


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IV. Summary and Conclusion

A. [B]: The accepted reading in UBS4 is prevalent across a wide geographical area

with a couple early witnesses (e.g., Codex Vaticanus). Possible error intranscription seems unlikely. Theology represented by the text corresponds with

James theology.

B. Alt. Reading 1: This reading encompasses a wide geographical area as well withstrong Byzantine and Alexandrian support, including a few early witnesses (e.g.,

Codeces Sinaiticus, Ephraemi, and Bezae). The use ofnekro,j is no surprise forJames, but error in transcription, whether accidental or intentional, could account

for this reading.C. Alt. Reading 2: This reading is unlikely because of the little manuscript evidence

available. The Old Latin manuscript that contains this word was probably

translated from the only other piece of evidence, P. 74.

[C]

I. PreliminariesA. Biblical reference: Acts 2:43

B. Greek text involved in variation as found in UBS4: dia. tw/n avposto,lwnevgi,neto

C. Literal rendering: through the apostles were happening (were being done)

D. NRSV rendering: Awe came upon everyone, because many wonders and signswere being done by the apostles.

E. NKJV rendering: Then fear came upon every soul, and many wonders and signs

were done through the apostles.

F. NASB rendering: Everyone kept feeling a sense of awe; and many wonders andsigns were taking place through the apostles.

G. ESV rendering: And awe came upon every soul, and many wonders and signswere being done through the apostles.

H. Delineation of problem:

1. List any alternative readings:

a. dia. tw.n avposto,lwn evgi,neto evn vIerousalh,mb. dia. tw.n avposto,lwn evgi,neto evn vIerousalh,m

fo,boj te h=n me,gaj evpi. pa,ntajc. dia. tw/n ceirw/n tw/n avposto,lwn evgi,neto evn

vIerousalh,md. dia. tw/n ceirw/n tw/n avposto,lwn evgi,nonto eivj

vIerousalh,m fo,boj te h=n me,goj evpi. pa,ntaj

auvtou,j2. Label each alternative as to the kind of variation is involved (e.g.,

omission, addition, transposition of words, substitution)

a. Addition

b. Additionc. Addition

d. Addition

3. Translate the alternatives so as to bring out the differences in meaning


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each conveys


dia. tw.n avposto,lwnevgi,neto evnvIerousalh,m

Addition through the apostles were

happening (were being done)in Jerusalem

dia. tw.n avposto,lwnevgi,neto evnvIerousalh,m\ fo,boj teh=n me,gaj evpi.pa,ntaj

Addition through the apostles werehappening (were being done)

in Jerusalem; and awe wasgreat over (among) all

dia. tw/n ceirw/n tw/navposto,lwn evgi,netoevn vIerousalh,m

Addition through the hands of theapostles were happening (were

being done) in Jerusalem

dia. tw/n ceirw/n tw/navposto,lwn evgi,nontoeivj vIerousalh,m\ fo,boj

te h=n me,goj evpi.pa,ntaj auvtou,j

Addition through the hands of the

apostles into Jerusalem; andawe was great over (among)

all (of) them



Readings Evidence

[C] B D 81 945 1739 1891Byz[P]Lectpt, AD(Lectpt

evge,neto) Old Latin (several) Syriac(Harclean) Coptic (Sahidic) (Armenian)

(Ethiopic) Chrysostom

Alt. Reading 1 33 1409 (2344 evge,neto) Syriac Peshitta

Alt. Reading 2 P. 74vid a (A C evge,neto tw/navposto,lwn) (36 eivj vIerousalh,m andpa,ntaj auvtou,j) (1175 evge,neto dia.tw/n avposto,lwn) (l884 evge,neto) OldLatin (several) Vulgate (several) (Slavic)

Alt. Reading 3 (E evgi,nonto) 181* (181 add) (614 omit)Old Latin

Alt. Reading 4 (Yevn forei,j) 307 453 610 1678 (Coptic[Bohairic, Meg]) (Georgian)


Readings Byzantine Alexandrian Western Others[C] 945 1891Byz[P]

Lectpt, AD(Lectpt

evge,neto)Chrysostom

B 81 Coptic

(Sahidic)

Ethiopic

D 1739 Old

Latin Vulgate

Syriac(Harclean)

(Armenian)

Alt. Reading 1 1409 (2344evge,neto)Syriac Peshitta

33


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Alt. Reading 2 (l884evge,neto)?

P. 74vid a (A Cevge,netotw/navposto,lwn)(1175)

(36) Old Latin

(several) Vulgate(several) (Slavic)

Alt. Reading 3 (181 add)? (E evgi,nonto)(614 omit) Old

Latin

Alt. Reading 4 307 453 6101678

(Yevn forei,j)(Coptic[Bohairic, Meg])

(Georgian)


Readings Rationale

[C] Broad reliable support; one early witness;widespread version support

Alt. Reading 1 Little support; 33 first (9th c.) then to Byz (2344

1409)

Alt. Reading 2 Strong Alexandrian and Western support only

Alt. Reading 3 Many discrepancies in witnesses; limited in

geographical distribution; no early witnesses

Alt. Reading 4 No early witnesses; mostly minuscule support;

probably originated w/ 307 or 044

III. Internal EvidenceA. Transcriptional Probabilities


[C] dia. tw/n avposto,lwn evgi,neto Doctrinal changes (if omission oftw/nceirw/n) (not possible in light of externalevidence)

dia. tw.n avposto,lwn evgi,neto evnvIerousalh,m

Conflation?; Clarity from scribe

dia. tw.n avposto,lwn evgi,neto evnvIerousalh,m\ fo,boj te h=n me,gajevpi. pa,ntaj

Improvement (clarity) on behalf of the scribe;metathesis of 5:12; cf. 5:5

dia. tw/n ceirw/n tw/n avposto,lwnevgi,neto evn vIerousalh,m

Doctrinal changes

dia. tw/n ceirw/n tw/n avposto,lwn

evgi,nonto eivj vIerousalh,m\ fo,bojte h=n me,goj evpi. pa,ntaj auvtou,j

Conflation; doctrinal changes; grammatical

improvements; itacism (evgi,nontoforevgi,neto); cf. 5:5, 19:17



[C] Seamless Consistent In agreement

Alt. Reading 1 Repetition atypical of

Luke

Consistent In agreement

Alt. Reading 2 Different grammatical Consistent In agreement


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construction from

similar verses

Alt. Reading 3 Seamless Consistent In agreement (5:12)

Alt. Reading 4 Same as Var. 2 Consistent In agreement (5:12)


Readings Rationale[C] Transcriptional errors unlikely and consistent

with Lukan style, vocabulary, and theology;

fits the immediate context of Acts 2; the

shorter and harder reading

Alt. Reading 1 Possible conflation for purpose of clarity,

specificity, and/or harmonization; introducesrepetition that is atypical of Luke; Lukan vocab

and theology upheld

Alt. Reading 2 Possible metathesis of 5:12; discrepancy in

style but vocab and theology consistent

Alt. Reading 3 tw/n ceirw/n could have been added fordoctrinal emphasis; consistent w/ Lukan

writing; fits immediate contextmatches 5:12

Alt. Reading 4 Many possibilities for transcriptional errors;discrepancy in style; agrees with doctrine

represented in 5:12


A. [C]: Shows the best manuscript support and is seamless with Lukan style,vocabulary, and theology; the omission oftw/n ceirw/n from Var. 3 fordoctrinal reasons is unlikely given external evidence; fits immediate context;

shorter readingB. Alt. Reading 1: External evidence carries almost no weight; possible error in

transcription makes this Alt. Reading less likely original from other Alt. ReadingsC. Alt. Reading 2: Wider circulation than [C]; weak internal evidence

D. Alt. Reading 3: Weak in both respects

E. Alt. Reading 4: Lack of early manuscript support makes this reading unlikelyoriginal; many possible transcriptional errors further adds doubt to originality;

copied from 5:12?

[D]

I. PreliminariesA. Biblical reference: Romans 14:19

B. Greek text involved in variation as found in UBS4: a;ra ou=n ta. th/jeivrh,nhj diw,kwmen kai. ta. th/j oivkodomh/j th/j eivj avllh,louj)

C. Literal rendering: So then, therefore, these of the peace let us pursue and these

of the building up of it into one another.

D. NRSV rendering: Let us then pursue what makes for peace and for mutual


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edification.

E. NKJV rendering: Therefore let us pursue the things which make for peace and the

things by which one may edify another.F. NASB rendering: So then we pursue the things which make for peace and the

building up of one another.

G. ESV rendering: So then let us pursue what makes for peace and for mutualupbuilding.

H. Delineation of problem:

1. List any alternative readings:a. diw,komenb. diw,kete

2. Label each alternative as to the kind of variation is involved (e.g.,omission, addition, transposition of words, substitution)

a. Substitution

b. Substitution3. Translate the alternatives so as to bring out the differences in meaning

each conveysAlternative Readings Kind of Variation Translation

diw,komen Substitution So then, therefore, these of the peace we pursue (arepursuing) and.

diw,kete Substitution So then, therefore, these of the peace pursue and. / So

then, therefore, these of the

peace you pursue (you arepursuing) and.

II. External EvidenceA. Accumulation of Evidence

Readings Evidence

[D] diw,kwmen C DY 33 81 104 256 365 424 436 459 11751241 1319 1506 1573 1739 1852 1881 1912

1962 2127 2200cvidByz LectOld Latin(several) Vulgate Syriac (Palestinian) Coptic

(Sahidic, Bohairic) Armenian Ethiopic

Goergian Origen (Latin) ChrysostomAmbrosiaster Pelagius Augustine Speculum

diw,komen a A B F G L P 048 0150 0209 6 263 2200*vidl60 l147 l165 l422 l592 l593 l597 l603 l884 l1154 l1356

diw,kete l921 l1021 l1439 GeorgianB. Distribution of Evidence


[D]

diw,kwmen14 minuscules

Chrysostom

CY 33 81 1041175 1739

D 1912 Old

Latin (several)

Syriac

(Palestinian)


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Coptic (Sa, Bo)

Ethiopic?

Vulgate Origen

(Latin)Ambrosiaster

Pelagius

Augustine

Speculum?

Armenian

Georgian

diw,komen L P 0150 0209 2minuscules 11

lectionaries

a A B 048 6 F G

diw,kete 3 lectionaries GeorgianC. Evaluation of Evidence

Readings Rationale

[D] Broad geographical support; high circulation;

C (5th c.) earliest witness

diw,komen Great uncial support; earliest witnesses 4th c.diw,kete No early supportweak

III. Internal EvidenceA. Transcriptional Probabilities


[D] diw,kwmen Itacismdiw,komen Itacismdiw,kete Grammatical improvement



[D] diw,kwmen Consistent w/ context Consistent In agreementdiw,komen Consistent w/ other

a;ra ou=n clauses

Consistent In agreement

diw,kete Consistent Consistent In agreementC. Evaluation of Evidence

Readings Rationale

[D] diw,kwmen Fits the broad context the best (cf. vv. 3, 13)diw,komen Typical ofa;ra ou=n clausesdiw,kete Not atypical of Pauline writing, but not the

expected reading


A. [D]: Manuscript evidence spans a wide geographical area and best fits the broad

contextB. Alt. Reading 1: Best and earliest manuscript support and consistent w/ Pauls

usual a;ra ou=n constructionC. Alt. Reading 2: Weak external evidence and not as readily suitable for context

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