.

.

tf]Qf]–rfg´ofndf /dfpg] Tof] ;fgL s]6L

.

k|sfzs

1fg–lj1fg z}lIfs ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, nlntk'/

n]vst]Rr'sf] s'/f]ofgfuL

cg'jfb

8f= ;/f]h lwtfn

;Dkfbg

z/RrGb| j:tL

cGj]if0f÷;+of]hg

/fh]Gb| bfxfn

dfl;s

tf]Qf]–rfg´ofndf /dfpg] Tof] ;fgL s]6L

tf]Qf]–rfg

´ofndf /dfpg] Tof] ;fgL s]6L

Totto-chanThe Little Girl at the Window - by Tetsuko Kuroyanagi

k|yd ;+:s/0fM @))) k|lt, ebf} @)&@

d"NoM ?=@%)÷–

© k|sfzsdf -g]kfnL ;+:s/0f_ISBN: 978-9937-2-9897-1

k|sfzs

lzIfs dfl;s

1fg–lj1fg z}lIfs ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=

hfjnfv]n, nlntk'/

kmf]gM %%$#@%@, %%$*!$@

Od]nM mail@teacher.org.npj]a;fO6M www.teacher.org.np

d'b|0fM l;6L k|];, s'k08f]n, nlntk'/

kmf]gM %%$)%#@

k|sfzsLo

– /fh]Gb| bfxfn

– ª –

cleefjs, lzIfs, k|wfgfWofks / lszf]/josf 5fq5fqfsf

lglDt ;d]t plQs} rfvnfUbf] / pkof]uL of] k':tssf] :jfb hfkfg

tyf cGo w]/} d'n'ssf kf7sn] tLg bzscl3 g} lnO;s]sf x'g\ .

afn–lzIffsf ;Gbe{df ljZje/ g} Voflt / k|z+;f sdfPsf] of]

sfnhoL hfkfgL s[ltnfO{ xfdLn] klg luh'efO{sf] lbjf:jKg sf]

nuQ} kf7sx¿;fd' k|:t't ug]{ of]hgf agfPsf lyof}+ . t/ xfd|f]

k|oTg ;fsf/ x'g ;f9] tLg jif{ nfUof] . k':tssf] cg'jfb /

;Dkfbgsf] sfdn] ;f]r]eGbf stf xf] stf a9L ;do lnOlbof] .

hfkfgsf] ;f+:s[lts / z}lIfs kl/j]zdf d"ntM :yfgLo kf7snfO{

nIo u/L n]lvPsf] tf]Qf]–rfg nfO{ g]kfnL kf7s;fd' d"n s[lt

hlQs} af]wuDo / ;'?lrk"0f{ 9+uaf6 k:sg] sfo{ xfd|f nflu

7"n} r'gf}tL aGof] . To;lglDt k':ts / o;sf n]vssf] efiff,

;+:s[lt, /Lltl/jfh / nf]sk/Dk/f ;d]t cWoog ug'{ h¿/L

eof] . kl/0ffdtM …tf]Qf]–rfg cfpFb}5Ú eg]/ k|rf/ u/]sf] klg Ps

jif{kl5 dfq kf7ssf] xftdf k'Ug kfPsf] 5 .

– r –

tf]Qf]–rfg

of] k':tstf]Qf]–rfgM ´ofndf /dfpg] Tof] ;fgL s]6L hfkfgsL

Ps ;'k|l;4 snfsf/ t]Rr'sf] s'/f]ofgfuLsf] afNosfn, ljz]iftM

k|fylds txdf k9\bfsf] ;+:d/0f xf] . k':tssL k|d'v kfq :jo+

n]vs g} x'g\ / …tf]Qf]–rfgÚ afNosfndf cfkmGtn] dfof u/]/

af]nfpg] pgs} gfd xf] . tf]Qf]–rfg klxnf] k6s :s"n egf{ ePsf]

36gfaf6 k':ts z'¿ x'G5 . egf{ ePsf] s]xL lbgd} pgnfO{ …w]/}

r'na'n] ePsf] / rsrs u/]sf]Ú cf/f]kdf Tof] :s"nn] lgisf;g

ul/lbG5 . To;kl5 pgnfO{ csf]{ :s"n …tf]df]PÚdf egf{ ul/G5 .

;f];fs' sf]afofzLn] k'/fgf /]nsf l8Aafdf ;+rfng u/]sf] tf]df]P

:s"nn] tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ g} df]xgL nufpF5 .

tf]Qf]–rfgn] tf]df]P :s"ndf l;s]sf s'/f / b}lgs

lqmofsnfksf] km]xl/:t k9\bfk9\b} lstfa ;lsO;s]sf] x'G5 . ljz]if

/ c;fwf/0f k|s[ltsf afnaflnsfnfO{ nlIft u/L vf]lnPsf] Tof]

:s"nsf ;+:yfks, ;+rfns Pj+ k|wfgfWofks sf]afofzLn] To:tf

afnaflnsf;Fu s;/L Jojxf/ ug]{ eGg] ljifodf k]l/; uP/ b'O{

jif{;Dd cWoog u/]sf lyP . pgn] cfkm"n] k9]sf] / l;s]sf] s'/f

tf]df]P :s"ndf Odfgbf/Lk"j{s Jojxf/df ptf/]sf] b]lvG5 . of]

lstfa Ps k|sf/n] tL c;fwf/0f lzIfs Pj+ ljBfno ;+rfnsk|lt

Pshgf ljBfyL{n] ck{0f u/]sf] s[t1tf klg xf] . lstfan]

sf]afofzL ;/sf] lzIff / afnaflnsfk|ltsf] b[li6sf]0fnfO{ cToGt

ldlxg ¿kdf k|sfz kf/]sf] 5 .

k':tssf] ljifoj:t' Pp6f cf};t k|fylds :s"ndf eO/xg]

lgoldt k|s[ltsf 36gfx¿ g} eP klg k|efjzfnL k|:t'ltsf

sf/0f of] lstfa k9\bf s'g} /f]rs pkGof;eGbf sd nfUb}g .

k':ts ;DaGwL OG6/g]6df pknAw ;dLIff / l6Kk0fL x]bf{

clwsf+z kf7sn] ;fdfGotM Ps a;fOdf kl9l;WofPsf] s'/f yfxf

– 5 –

tf]Qf]–rfg

x'G5 . of] lstfa dg gk/fpg] of o;df vf]6 b]vfpg] ;dLIff

of l6Kk0fL xtkQ km]nf kb}{gg\ . x'g klg lstfa slt /dfOnf]

/ uDeL/ 5 eg], k9\g]sf cfFvfdf cfF;' / cf]7df d':sfg ;Fu;Fu}

cfO/x]sf x'G5g\ . t/ k':ts /f]rs dfq} 5}g, ;Gb]zd"ns /

1fgj4{s klg plQs} 5 . ev{/} 5f]/f5f]/L x'sf{pFb} u/]sf cyjf

pgLx¿nfO{ klxnf] k6s :s"n k7fpg] tof/Ldf /x]sf cleefjssf

lglDt t k':tsn] …ufO8Ú s} sfd ug{ ;S5 .

klxnf] ;+:s/0f 5flkPsf] -;g\ !(*!_ Ps jif{d} hfkfgdf

$% nfv k|lt laqmL ePsf] oxL lstfan] n]vs t]Rr'sf]

s'/f]ofgfuLnfO{ hfkfgdf …;jf{lws kl9g] n]vsÚ sf] >]0fLdf

:yflkt ul/lbof] . lat]sf tLg bzsdf of] k':ts ljZjsf ^)

eGbf a9L efiffdf cg"lbt eO;s]sf] 5 . lrlgofF efiffsf] ;+:s/0f

Ps jif{d} tLg s/f]8 k|lt laqmL ePsf] bfjL kfOG5 . ef/tdf

;fj{hlgs If]qsf] k|sfzg u[x g]zgn a's 6«i6n] Ps} k6s !!

j6f ef/tLo efiffdf cg'jfb u/fO{ b'O{ bzs cl3 g} tf]Qf]–rfg

ef/tLo kf7ssf xftdf k'¥ofPsf] xf] .

tf]Qf]–rfg ;Fu} cfk"mn] n]v]sf cGo bz j6f k':ts laqmLaf6

k|fKt /f]oN6Laf6 …tf]Qf] kmfp08];gÚ :yfkgf u/L n]vs s'/f]ofgfuL

cBlk afnaflnsfsf] lxtdf sfd ub}{ cfO/x]sL 5g\ . tf]Qf]

kmfp08];gn] ljz]iftM alx/f tyf cGo ckf+utf ePsf afnaflnsfsf]

lzIff / Ifdtf clej[l4sf] lglDt sfd ug]{ u/]sf] 5 . ljz]if

x]/rfx rflxg] afnaflnsfk|ltsf] n]vssf] ?lr / of]ubfgnfO{

sb/ ub}{ …o"lg;]kmÚ n] tf]Qf]–rfg cyf{t\ t]Rr'sf] s'/f]ofgfuLnfO{ of]

k':ts k|sflzt eP nuQ} -;g\ !(*$_ cfˆgf] ;b\efjgf b"tdf

lgo'Qm u¥of] . ;b\efjgf b"tsf] ¿kdf pgL afnaflnsf ;+s6df

k/]sf ljZjsf x/]sh;f] b]z / :yfgdf k'Ug] u/]sL 5g\ . To;}

qmddf, pgL ;g\ @))( -@)^^_ df g]kfn klg cfPsL lyOg\ .

– h –

tf]Qf]–rfg

k|ltlnlk clwsf/ ;DaGwdflbjf:j:g sf kf7sx¿ afn–lzIff;Fu ufFl;Psf] csf]{ /f]rs /

cfw'lgs k':tssf] vf]hL ul//x]sf lyP . pgLx¿sf] Tof] rfxgf

k"/f ug]{ k':ts tf]Qf]–rfg afx]s c¿ x'g ;Sb}gYof] . To;} eP/

xfdLn] c+u|]hLaf6 cg'jfb u/L …tf]Qf]–rfgÚ sf] g]kfnL ;+:s/0f

k|sflzt ug]{ cg'dlt kfpgsf lglDt tf]Qf]–kmfp08];g / k':ts

n]vs;Fu ;d]t ;Dks{ /fVg] s}of}+ k|of; u¥of}+, t/ ;kmn

x'g ;s]gf}+ . tyflk, TolQs}df xfdLn] xf/ dfg]gf}+ . g]kfnsf]

afn–lzIffdf pNn]Vo of]ubfg k'¥ofpg ;Sg] of] s[lt g]kfnL

kf7s;fd' k'¥ofpg] cfˆgf] c7f]6 sfof{Gjog ug{ xfdLn] o;

k':tssf] k|ltlnlk clwsf/ tyf n]vs:j -/f]oN6L_ ;DaGwdf

b'O{ j6f k|ltj4tf ;fj{hlgs u/]/ cl3 a9\g] lgwf] u¥of}+ . xfd|f]

k|ltj4tf xf]— !_ tf]Qf]–rfg sf] d"n k|ltlnlk clwsf/ ;Da4

n]vs cyjf pgn] tf]s]sf] ;+:yfdf lglxt /x]sf] tYonfO{ :jLsf/

/ ;Ddfg ub}{ cflwsfl/s kIfaf6 bfjL ul/Psf] cj:yfdf

cGt/f{li6«o k|rng cg'?ksf] b/df g]kfnL ;+:s/0fsf] n]vs:j

-/f]oN6L_ g]kfnL d'b|fdf ;xif{ e'Qmfg ul/g]5 . @_ tf]Qf]–rfgsf]

g]kfnL ;+:s/0fsf] k|ltlnlk clwsf/ lzIfs dfl;s÷1fg–lj1fg

z}lIfs ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= ;Fu /xg]5 . of] k':ts laqmLaf6

x'g] cfDbfgL g]kfnL lzIfs / afnaflnsfsf] lglDt of] jf o:t}

cGo k':ts / kf7\o;fdu|Lsf] ljsf;, pTkfbg / ljt/0fdf vr{

ul/g]5 .

oxfFg]/Ù g]kfnsf] ;fj{hlgs lzIff, To;df klg ljz]iftM

ljBfno txsf] k7gkf7g ;'wfg{sf nflu lzIfs / cleefjsx¿nfO{

pTk|]l/t ug]{ p2]Zo af]s]sf] lzIfs dfl;s cfkm}+df Pp6f

;fdflhs cleofg ePsf] tYo ;+:d/0f u/fpg' ;fGble{s x'g]

7fg]sf 5f}+ .

– ‰f –

tf]Qf]–rfg

wGojfbtf]Qf]–rfg nfO{ g]kfnL kf7sdf‰ k'¥ofpg] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] >]o

o;sf cg'jfbs 8f= ;/f]h lwtfnnfO{ hfG5 . cg'/f]w ul/Psf

cGo ldqx¿n] h:t} 8f= lwtfnn] klg …cfF6 / hfFu/Ú b]vfpg

cfgfsfgL ug'{ePsf] eP cg'jfbsf] k|;+u Toltj]nf TolQs} ;]nfpg

;SYof] . To;}n] 8f= lwtfnn] tf]Qf]–rfg sf] cg'jfbsf qmddf

ug'{ePsf] s8f kl/>dsf] k|z+;f ub}{ pxfFnfO{ xflb{s wGojfb

lbG5f}+ . ;xof]uL ldq Pj+ ;ef;b\ gjLGb|/fh hf]zLn] hfkfgaf6

tf]Qf]–rfg -c+u|]hL_ k|lt lsg]/ gNofOlbg'ePsf] eP klg cg'jfbsf]

sfd cl3 a9\g ;Dej x'g] lyPg . t;y{ ;ef;b\ hf]zLk|lt klg

xfdL cfef/L 5f}+ .

To;}u/L k|ltlnlk clwsf/ / /f]oN6Lsf] cGof]nsf sf/0f

tf]Qf]–rfg sf] g]kfnL ;+:s/0f lgsfNg] k|oTg gTofUg k|]l/t u/]/

To; ;aGwdf j}slNks pkfo ;'‰fOlbg'x'g] afn–lzIff;]jL k|f]km];/

c/ljGb u'Ktf, k'0f], ef/tk|lt xflb{s s[t1tf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .

k':ts k|sfzgsf ljleGg r/0fdf ;+nUg ldqx¿ ;j{>L

z/RrGb| j:tL, /ljg ;fo\ld, ljk]Gb| l3ld/], wd{/fh bfxfn;d]t

lzIfs dfl;ssf cGo ldqx¿nfO{ ljz]if wGojfb lbG5f}+ .

;DkfbslzIfs dfl;shfjnfv]n, nlntk'/

^ ebf} @)&@

cg'jfbssf] cg'ej

– 8f= ;/f]h lwtfn

d}n] o:tf] s'g} lstfasf] cg'jfb u?Fnf eÌ] slxNo} ;f]r]sf]

lyOgF Û crfgs lg0f{o ePsf] ck|Toflzt s'/f xf], of] .

/fh]Gb|hLn] Ps lbg kmf]g ug{'eof] / eÌ'eof]– æcfh kmf]g

u¥of rflx+ 8fS6/nfO{ Pp6f k'0osf] sfd ug{ nufpg' k¥of]

eg]/ ÛÆ

kSs} klg s'g} u/La la/fdLsf] pkrf/sf] s'/f xf]nf eg]/

d}n] eg]+–

æe}xfN5 lg ÛÆ

æs'/f] a'‰]/ eGof ls To;} <Æ

æeÌ';\ g, s] k'0o ug{' k¥of] < ÛÆ

æd Pp6f lstfa k7fpFb}5', Tof] klxn] k9\g';\, clg s'/f

u/f}+ ÛÆ

s]xL a]/kl5 8«fOe/ efOn] Pp6f sf]ls6f /Ësf] vfddf

/fv]/ Tof] lstfa c:ktfnd} NofOlbP .

h]aL ;fOhsf] ;fgf] lstfa . uftfdf xNsf hfkfgL z}nLdf

lrlqt ;fgL aRrLsf] t:jL/ 5 . sfdaf6 c‰} km';{b eOg;s]sfn]

vfdnfO{ Psflt/ yGSofP/ d cfˆg} 606fdf nfu]+ . lbpF;f] ef]s

– ` –

ef]s nfUg yfn]kl5 vfhf klv{/x]sf] j]nfdf lstfa kN6fpg

yfn]+ . k9\b} hfFbf lstfa lstfa dfq} /x]g, Pp6f 6fOd dzLg

aGof] / dnfO{ cl3Nnf] ztfAbLsf] hfkfgsf] cb\e't ofqfdf lnP/

uof] . ;fFRr} /fd|f] nfUof] dnfO{ Tof] lstfa .

ToxL lbg ;fF‰ km]l/ /fh]Gb|hLsf] kmf]g cfof] .

ælstfa dg k¥of] <Æ

æPsbd Û slt /fd|f] lstfa Û of] t luh'efO{sf] lbjf:jKg

eGbf klg===Æ

d]/f] s'/f aLr}df sf6]/ pxfFn] eÌ'ef]– æxf], To;}n] tkfO{+n]

o;sf] cg'jfb ul/lbg' k¥of] ÛÆ

of] cfu|x laNs'n ck|Toflzt lyof] . Psl5g s]xL gaf]n]sf]n]

xf]nf, /fh]Gb|hLn] km]l/ eÌ' ef]–

ædnfO{ yfxf 5, tkfO{+ Jo:t x'g'x'G5, t/ tkfO{+ afx]s of]

sfdsf] lglDt d}n] c¿ s;}nfO{ ;D‰g} ;lsgF .Æ

s'g} lstfa k9\g', dg k/fpg', To;sf af/]df ukm lbg'

Pp6f s'/f xf] . t/ cg'jfb ug{' eg]sf] t lgtfGt km/s

x'Fbf]/x]5 . Psfw n]v /rgf / lszf]/fj:yfdf efOalxgLsf lglDt

lrqsyfx¿ cg'jfb ul/lbg' afx]s d}n] k':tss} cg'jfbssf] sfd

slxNo} u/]sf] lyOgF . t/ of] lstfa— ætf]Qf] rfg M ´ofndf /dfpg] Tof] ;fgL s]6LÆ olt dg k¥of] dnfO{ ls Tof] r'gf}tL :jLsf/ ug]{ lg0f{o u/]+ .

s]xL lbg bf]xf]¥ofO{ t]x]¥ofO{ k9]/ To;nfO{ cfTd;ft\ ug]{

k|oTg u/]kl5 z'¿sf s]xL kfgfx¿ cg'jfb ug{ yfn]+ . /fh]Gb|hLn]

5f]8]s} x}g . æslt ;do nfUnf h:tf] 5 <Æ

d}n] eg]+– ætLg dxLgfdf ;lsPnfÆ

t/ tLg jif{ lalt;s]5 clxn] . of] l9nfOdf d"ntM d]/}

sdhf]/L /x] klg, /fh]Gb|hL klg rf]vf] x'g'x'Ì .

– 6 –

tf]Qf]–rfg

n]vgsf], ;[hgfsf] cfˆg} dhf x'G5 . cg'jfb ug{'sf] dhf

c‰ bf]Aa/ x'Fbf]/x]5 . lstfasf] :jfb lng cg'jfbsn] hltsf]

zfob c¿ s;}n] kfpFb}g, ;Sb}g . laNs'n} km/s ;dfh,

km/s ;do, km/s kl/j]zsf kfqx¿, ltgsf hLjgsf 36gf,

ltgLx¿sf] cGtd{gsf t/Ë / 5fnx¿ . oL ;adf 8'Ag'sf] dhf

g} cs}{ x'G5 . /, ckl/lrtsf syfleqsf syfnfO{ cfˆgf] efiffdf

jl/kl/sf dflg;n] ;s];Dd h:tfsf] To:t} a'‰"g\ eÌ] cfzon]

cg'jfb ug{ yfNbfsf] cg'e"lt s'g} klg -b'M_;fxl;s v]neGbf sd

/f]df~rs x'Fb}g . of] cj;/ kfpg'nfO{ g} d}n] ;f}efUo ;D‰]sf] 5'

/ o;sf lglDt /fh]Gb|hLk|lt s[t1 5' .

g]kfnLefifL kf7sn] k9\bf ;xh xf];\ eÌ] rfxgf /fVg'

:jfefljs xf] . t/ w]/} s'/fx¿ o:tf x'G5g\, h;sf] ;f]‰f]

g]kfnL cg'jfb x'g} ;Sb}g . clejfbgsf t/Lsf, kfl/jfl/s

jftfj/0f, vfglkgsf j:t' / vfg] t/Lsf, zx/ / ufpFj:tLsf]

jftfj/0f / ;+/rgf=== olt w]/} leÌtf x'Fbf /x]5g\ km/s b]z,

sfn, kl/l:yltsf aLrdf— cg'jfb ug{'eGbf cl3 d}n] Tof] a'‰]s}

/x]g5' .

…cg'jfbsÚ sf] ku/L gu'y]sf] d}n] cg'jfbsf k|fljlws

kIfx¿sf af/]df nfdf] s'/f ug{ k6Ss} ;'xfpFb}g . askq g}

n]Vg] xf] eg] ;flatLsf ¿kdf d}n] eÌ'kg]{ w]/} s'/f 5g\ . t/

clxn] olt dfq eG5'— of] cg'jfb d"n k':tssf] cg'jfb geP/

cª\u|]hL ;+:s/0fsf] cg'jfb xf] . cg'jfbsf] cg'jfb ePsf sf/0f

d"n s[ltsf] :jfb c¿ a9L kvflng ;Sg] ;Defjgfaf/] d ;r]t

5' . tyflk, hfkfgL tyf …hfkfgljb\Ú ldqx¿;Fusf] lxdlrd,

k6sk6ssf] hfkfg e|d0f / k"jL{o efiffk|ltsf] cg'/fusf sf/0f

– 7 –

tf]Qf]–rfg

df}lns :jfbnfO{ ;s];Dd lau|g glbO{ g]kfnL kf7snfO{ ;lhnf]

kfg]{ k|oTg u/]sf] 5' .

csf]{ s'/f— s'g} klg ljb]zL efiffsf ;a} pRrf/0fx¿

b]jgfu/L lnlkdf -jf c¿ s'g} klg lnlkdf_ h:tfsf] To:t} ptfg{

;Dej x'Fb}g . To;}n] sltko hfkfgL gfdsf lxHh]x¿nfO{ rNtLs}

t/Lsfn] g]kfnLs/0f u/] klg oyf;Dej hfkfgL efiff–efifLsf]

pRrf/0fsf] glhs agfpg] k|oTg u/]sf] 5' . pbfx/0fsf lglDt

tsu sf] pRrf/0f ubf{ …T;'Ú t x'Fb}g g}, …pÚ klg ljn'Kt x'G5 / :j/ ljgfsf] …Rr\Ú h:tf] dfq x'G5 . t/ g]kfnL lha|f]sf]

;lhnf]nfO{ klg Vofn /fVb} ;D‰f}tf u/]/ …pÚ sf/ nfO{ sfod

/fv]sf] 5' . o:tf w]/} pbfx/0f 5g\ / ltgsf af/]df n]v]/

kf7ssf] k':ts k9\g] ;do vf]:g] dg 5}g .

t}klg, hfFbfhfFb} d}n] olt eÌ} k5{— o; cg'jfbsf ;Dkfbs

z/brGb| j:tLn] p7fpg'ePsf] Pp6f dxŒjk"0f{ k|Zgsf] ;dfwfgsf

lglDt d]/f 3lgi6 ldq ljåfg\ jf:t'ljb\ 8f= df]xgd"lt{ kGt tyf

pxfFsL wd{kTgL of]sf];Fu u'xf/ dfUg k'u]sf] lyPF . pxfFx¿sf]

dxŒjk"0f{ ;xof]usf lglDt / Tof] ;xof]u lng s'Ts'Tofpg]

;Dkfbs j:tLk|lt cToGt cfef/L 5' .

– 8 –

tf]Qf]–rfg

.

/]n/f]8 :6]zg ================================== ´ofndf plePsL ;fgL s]6L ================ gofF :s"n ======================================= ædnfO{ of] :s"n dg k¥of]Æ ================ x]8df:6/ ======================================== lbpF;f]sf] vfgf ================================= tf]Qf]–rfgsf] :s"n k|j]z ===================== /]nleqsf] sIff sf]7f ========================= tf]df]Psf] k9fO ================================= ;d'b|L vfgf / hdLgsf] vfgf ============== …/fd|/L rkfpmÚ ================================== …:s"n jfsÚ ===================================== :s"n uLt ======================================= …;a} km]l/ ToxL+ /fvÚ ========================= tf]Qf]–rfgsf] gfd ============================== /]l8of] sd]l8og =============================== /]nsf yk l8Aaf ============================== kf}8L kf]v/L ===================================== l/kf]6{ sf8{ ===================================== udL{sf] 5'§L ===================================== b':;fx; ========================================== sf] cfFl6nf] < ==================================== l/x;{n xn ====================================== tftf]kfgLsf] ofqf ============================== ;Dos\ nofTdstfM o'l/lßS; ================ dnfO{ of] eP k'U5 =========================== ;aeGbf g/fd|f] n'uf ==========================

ljifo;"rL

tfsfxfzL ===================================== …x]/]/ dfq kmfn xfÌ'Ú =========================== …clg=== cF===Ú =================================== …xfdL v]nL dfq} /fv]sf] xf]Ú ================== v]ns'b lbj; ===================================== slj O:;f ======================================== crDdsf] s'/f] =================================== xftsf] ;fgn] s'/f ug]{x¿ ================== ;TrfnL; /f]lgg\ ================================ …df;f]p Rof˜˜gÚ ================================ r'N7f] ===================================== …YofÍ o"Ú Û ===================================== k':tsfno ======================================= k'R5/ ============================================ tf]df]Pdf bf];|f] jif{ ============================= :jfg n]s ====================================== s[lif lzIfs =================================== jgef]h =========================================== ltdL ;fFRr}sL c;n s]6L xf} =============== p;sL b'nxL ==================================== …yf]qf] k'/fgf] :s"nÚ ============================ l/ag ============================================= 3fOt]x¿;Fusf] e]63f6 ======================= :jf:Yoj4{s af]qmf ============================= c+u|]hL af]Ng] s]6f] ============================== Pd]r/ gf6s =================================== rs =============================================== …ofz'cfsL–rfg laTof]Ú ========================= hf;"; ============================================= a'afsf] efof]lng ================================ jfrf ============================================== /sL x/fof] ====================================== lrof kf6L{ ====================================== ;fof]gf/f, ;fof]gf/f Û ========================== n]lv;s]kl5 ===================================== pk;+xf/ ==========================================

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 1 –

/]n/f]8 :6]zg

lho'ufcf]sf :6]zgdf k'u]kl5 pgLx¿ 6«]gaf6 cf]ln{P . cfdfn]

tf]Qf]–rfgsf] xft ;dfOg\ / aflxl/g] 9f]sflt/ nlug\ . tf]Qf]

xTktL /]n r9\g kfpFlbgyL . aNn aNn xftdf ;dfpg kfPsf]

/]nsf] l6s6 5f]8\g} dg nfu]g p;nfO{ .

l6s6 sn]S6/nfO{ p;n] ;f]wL— æof] l6s6 d} lnG5' lg,

x'Ì <Æ

æcxF, x'Fb}g ÛÆ eGb} sn]S6/n] p;sf] xftsf] l6s6 lnP/

Pp6f afs;df /fv] .

l6s6n] 6Ì el/Psf] Tof] afs; b]vfpFb} tf]Qf]n] ;f]wL— æTof]

;Kk} tkfO{+sf] xf] <Æ

kfn}–kfnf] lgl:s/x]sf c¿ ofq'sf] klg l6s6 ln+b} sn]S6/n]

eg]— æd]/f] xf]Og, gfg' Û of] ;Kk} /]n/f]8 sfof{nosf] xf] .Æ

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 2 –

tf]Qf]n] l6s6sf] afs;nfO{ nf]le+b} x]/L, / egL— æP˜˜ Û d

klg 7"nL ePkl5 /]n/f]8sf] l6s6 a]R5' .Æ

l6s6 sn]S6/n] k'n'Ss p;sf] cg'xf/ x]/] .

æd]/f] ;fgf] 5f]/f] klg :6]zgdf sfd u5'{ eG5 . ltdLx¿

b'j}hgf ;Fu} ldn]/ sfd u/ g t ÛÆ

tf]Qf]–rfg clnslt 5]p nfu]/ pleO{ / tL l6s6 hfFrsLnfO{

lgofn]/ x]/L . clnslt df]6f] hLp8fnsf pgn] rZdf nufPsf

lyP . pgsf] cg'xf/ lx:;L k/]sf] lyof] / x]b}{ hftL dfG5] h:tf

b]lvGy] .

b'j} xft sDd/df /fv]/ p;n] o:;f] ljrf/ u/L . clg

egL— æP, eOxfN5 lg Û tkfO{+sf] 5f]/f;Fu sfd ug{ dnfO{ s]xL

cfklQ 5}g . o;af/] d ;f]r'Fnf Û clxn] rflx+ dnfO{ km';{b 5}g

x} Û gofF :s"n hfg nfu]sL .Æ

olt eg]/ pm km/Ss kmsL{ / æd t 7"nL ePkl5 /]nsf]

l6s6 a]Rg] ÛÆ eg]/ lrRofpFb} cfdf ePlt/ bu'/L . cfdf x}/fg

h:tL eP/ p;}nfO{ klv{/x]sL lyOg\ .

5f]/Lsf] gofF /f]hfO ;'g]/ cfdfnfO{ k6Ss} crDd nfu]g .

pgn] elgg\– ætF t hf;"; x'G5' elGy;\ t ÛÆ

cfdfsf] xft ;dfP/ 6's'6's' lx+8\bflx+8\b} tf]Qf]n] ;D‰L– xf] t

lg, lxhf];Dd klg p;nfO{ cfkm" hf;"; g} x'G5' eÌ] kSsfkSsL

lyof] . t/ afs;el/sf] l6s6sf] xflsd x'g kfpgsf] dHh} csf]{

x'G5 lg t Û

p;sf] dgdf Pp6f sfObfsf] ljrf/ cfof] . cfdfsf] cg'xf/

x]b}{ 7"nf] :j/n] egL— æcfdf Û d lg, /]nsf] l6s6 a]R5', xlu <

t/ ;fFRr} rflx+ hf;"; x'G5' lg, x'Ì <Æ

cfdfn] s]xL elggg\ . pgn] dl;gf km"na'§fn] ;lhPsf] 6f]kL

nufPsL lyOg\ . pgsf] ;'Gb/ cg'xf/ uDeL/ b]lvGYof] . ;fFRr}

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 3 –

eÌ] xf] eg] pgL a];/L g} lkl/PsL lyOg\ . ætf]Qf]nfO{ gofF :s"nn]

klg lnOlbPg eg] s] ug]{ xf]nf ÛÆ cfdfn] cfˆgf] xft ;dfP/

6\ofpF6\ofpF s'/f ub}{ plk|m+b} lx+l8/x]sL tf]Qf]nfO{ x]l/g\ . pgLleqsf]

56k6Lsf] tf]Qf]nfO{ eg] s'g} cQf]kQf] lyPg . To;}n] cfdfl;t

cfFvf h'Wg] lalQs} p;n] rlDs+b} egL— æcfdf, d}n] lg, cs}{

ljrf/ u/]+ . d t ;8sdf uLt ufpg] Aof08df hfG5'– gofF gofF

k;nx¿sf] lj1fkg ub}{ lx+8\g] .Æ

ca eg] s]xL ‰sf]{ dfGb} clncln cflQPsf] :j/df cfdfn]

elgg\— æn, n Û ca 9Lnf] x'G5 . x]8df:6/nfO{ s'/fpg' x'Ì .

ca w]/} kt/–kt/ gu/ . clxn] sxfF uO/fv]sf] xfdL– yfxf 5

lg xf]Og < /fd|/L lx+8 ca .Æ

´ofndf plePsL ;fgL s]6L

cfdf lkl/g'sf] sf/0f lyof] . Tof] s] eg] cl3Nnf] :s"ndf

hfg yfn]sf] s]xL lbgd} tf]Qf]nfO{ :s"naf6 lgsflnlbPsf lyP .

klxnf] sIffaf6 klg s'g} aRrfnfO{ lgsflnG5 / < t/ s] nfU5,

p;nfO{ t lgsfnL g} lbP Û

Ps xKtfcl3sf] dfq} s'/f xf] . Tof] :s"nsL Snf;–6Lr/n]

tf]Qf]sL cfdfnfO{ af]nfPsL lyOg\ . bfofF afofF s'/f gu/L tL

lzlIfsf ;Lw} sfdsf] s'/fdf kl;g\ / elgg\– ætkfO{+sL 5f]/Ln]

d]/f] l;+u} Snf;nfO{ l8:6a{ u5]{ . p;nfO{ csf]{ :s"ndf egf{

ul/lbg';\ .Æ lrl6Ss k/]sL tL lzlIfsfn] v'Oøo ;f; km]l/g\ /

elgg\— æca t d vKg} ;lSbgF .Æ

cfdf 5Ss kl/g\ . s] u/L xf]nL t tf]Qf]n]— k"/} Snf;nfO{

g} l8:6a{ ug]{ u/L <

cln cln ge{; ePsL tL ld; 5f]6f] kf/]/ sf6]sf] cfˆgf]

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 4 –

…aa–s6Ú skfn ;'D;'DofpFb} ;a} j[QfGt ;'gfpg yflng\ . æ;'Ìf];\

p;sf] rlt{snf===Æ

æpm cfˆgf] 8]:snfO{ ;o rf]l6 vf]N5] / aGb u5]{ . d}n]

s]6fs]6LnfO{ eg]sL lyPF— s]xL l‰Sg'kg]{ klg 5}g, /fVg'kg]{ klg

5}g eg] 8]:s s;}n] klg gvf]Ng" x} eg]/ . t/ tkfO{+sL 5f]/L

hltv]/ klg ls t s]xL lgsfln/x]sL x'G5], ls eg] s]xL xfln/x]sL

x'G5]— p;sf] sfkL, k]lG;n aS;, lstfa=== 8]:sdf ePe/sf]

h] h] 5 Tof] ;a} lgsfNb}, xfNb}, lgsfNb}, xfNb} u¥ofu¥o} Û egf}+

g, Snf;df d}n] æn ca cIf/ n]vf}+Æ eg]+ eg]— tkfO{+sL 5f]/L

8]:s vf]N5], sfkL lgsfN5], clg 8]:ssf] 3f]K6]nfO{ AjfË cfjfh

cfpg] u/L 5f]8\5] . clg km]l/ vf]N5], 6fpsf] l5/fpF5], l;;fsnd

lgsfN5], km]l/ aGb u5]{, clg Pp6f A n]V5] . n]v]sf] /fd|f] ePg jf unt eof] eg] t'?Gt} km]l/ 8]:s vf]N5], O/]h/ lgsfN5], km]l/

aGb u5]{, clg cIf/ d]l6;s]kl5 O/]h/ /fVg km]l/ 8]:s vf]N5] .

of] ;a lah'nL rDs] h:t} l56l56f] x'G5 . clg km]l/ Pp6f A n]v]kl5 x/]s s'/fnfO{ kfn} kfnf] /fV5]— l;;fsnd /fVof], aGb

u¥of], km]l/ vf]Nof], sfkL /fVof], clg km]l/ aGb u¥of] . km]l/ csf]{

cIf/ n]Vg' k¥of] eg] 7\ofSs} To:t} u/]/ Psyf]s l‰Sof], aGb

u¥of], km]l/ ToxL rLh /fVg vf]Nof], km]l/ aGb u¥of]=== x/] Û d]/f]

t 6fpsf] g} kmGkmgL 3'D5 Û km]l/ d}n] p;nfO{ ufnL ug{ klg

ldn]g Û …s]xL lgsfNg' k¥of] jf /fVg' k¥of] eg] dfq vf]Ng] xf]

x}Ú eg]/ d}n] g} eg]sf] xf] . ca p;n] 8]:s vf]Nbf, aGb ubf{

ls t s]xL lgsfn]s} x'G5], ls /fv]s} x'G5] . ljgf sf/0f u/]sf]

eÌ klg ldn]g ÛÆ

pgsf] dgdf Tof] b[Zo v]ln/x]sf]n] xf]nf, cfFvfsf k/]nf

l56l56f] ‰d‰d ul//x]sf lyP .

cfdfn] s'/f] a'l‰g\ . Tof] 8]:s vf]Ng] / aGb ug]{ v]n tf]Qf]–

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 5 –

rfgnfO{ lsg Toltlj£g dg k/]sf] eÌ] s'/f pgnfO{ 5n{Ë eof] .

cfdfn] ;lD‰g\— :s"n uPsf] klxnf] lbg 3/ kms{+bf pm slQ bË

k/]sL lyO{ Û æ:s"ndf s:tf] dhf 5 ÛÆ p;n] eg]sL lyO{— æoxfF

3/df t d]/f] 8]:sdf 3/f{ dfq 5– tfÌ' kg]{ . :s"ndf t s:tf]

dhfsf] afs; h:tf] 8]:s, dflyaf6} vf]Ng nufpg ldNg] . h]

klg leq /fVg x'G5 . Psbd /fd|f] 5 .Æ

/dfOnf] dfGb} cfdfn] sNkgf ul/g\— 5f]/Ln] :s"ndf 8]:ssf]

9Ssg vf]Nb} nufpFb} u/]sf] . Tolt hfaf] s'/fnfO{ pgn] To:tf]

pTkft} u/]sf] klg 7flggg\ . pgnfO{ nfUof]— cln lbgdf t

p;nfO{ Tof] 3/f{ gf}nf] nfUg 5f]l8xfN5 lg To;kl5 t To:tf] ug]{

hfFu/ p;}nfO{ gnfUnf . t/ d'vn] eg] olt dfq} elgg\— æ7Ls

5, d pm;Fu of] af/]df s'/f u5'{ lg t ÛÆ

t/ tL ld;n] Rof/{ k/]sf] tLvf] :j/n] elgg\— æolt dfq

eP t d ;xGy]+ lg ÛÆ

l/;fPsf] cg'xf/ lnP/ pgL cl3lNt/ lgx'l/+bf cfdf clnslt

tl;{Og\ / 6fpsf] k5fl8 ;fl/g\ .

æ8]:s ahfO/fVg] dfq xf] / < pm t pleof–pleo} u5]{ .

Snf; rn'Gh]n .Æ

crDd dfGb} cfdfn] ;f]lwg\— æpleof–pleo} u5]{ /] < sxfF <Æ

7':; k/]/ ld;n] elgg\— æ´ofndf .Æ

‰g\ 5Ss kb}{ cfdfn] ;f]lwg\— ælsg pleG5] Tof] ´ofndf <Æ

æufOg]x¿nfO{ lgDTofpg ÛÆ s/La s/La lrRofpFb} elgg\

ld;n] .

pgn] ;'gfPsf] syfsf] ;f/ lyof]— 8]:ssf] 3f]K6] Ps 306f

hlt aGb ub}{ vf]Nb} 8fª\8fª\ 8'ª\8'ª\ u/]kl5 tf]Qf] ´ofndf uP/

ple+bL /lx5 . p;n] ToxfF uP/ kv{g] s;nfO{ eGbf c¿nfO{

xf]Og, uLt ufpFb} lx+8\g] ;8s–snfsf/x¿nfO{ /x]5 . ljleÌ

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 6 –

rLhsf] lj1fkg ug{ pgLx¿ cgf}7f / l‰lnldnL n'uf nufP/

;8sdf afhf ahfpFb}, uLt ufpFb} lx+8\y] .

aNn 8]:s rnfpg 5f8L, ca t tf]Qf] r"krfk ´ofn5]pdf

pleO/xG5] xf]nf eg]/ ld; 9'Ss x'g gkfpFb} tL ;8s–ufosx¿

b]vf kbf{ /x]5g\ . ltgnfO{ b]Vg] lalQs} tf]Qf] rdSs rlDs+bL

/lx5 / ltgLx¿nfO{ af]nfpg yflNb/lx5 . tf]Qf]sf lglDt vf:;f

/dfOnf] / lzlIfsfsf lglDt eg] 7"n} 6fpsf] b'vfOsf] s'/f s]

lyof] eg] pgLx¿sf] sIff sf]7f e'O{+tnfdf kYof]{ . ´ofn hlt

;a} ;8slt/ kms]{sf . aLrdf km"nsf] xf]rf] ´ofª dfq} lyof]—

;8sdf lx+l8/x]sf dflg;;Fu sIffsf]7faf6 s'/f ug{ dHhfn]

ldNg] . tf]Qf]n] af]nfpg] lalQs} tL snfsf/ ´ofn cufl8

cfOk'Uy] . clg tf]Qf]–rfg s/fpFb} Snf;el/sf ;anfO{ va/ uyL{—

æcfP, cfP ÛÆ clg t s] rflxof], Snf;el/sf aRrf ;f]xf]l/P/

´ofn5]p k'Uy] / tL l‰lnldnL uj}ofx¿;Fu s'/f ug{ yfNy] .

æafhf ahfpg';\ g afhf ÛÆ tf]Qf]–rfg cfu|x uyL{ .

;fdfGotof :s"n 5]paf6 r"'krfk hfg] u/]sf tL snfsf/x¿

o;/L lgDtf] kfPkl5 ePe/sf afhfufhfsf ;fy sfo{qmd ug{

yfNy] . lar/L lzlIfsfsf lglDt Tof] xNnfvNnf l;l4of];\ eg]/

kv{g' l;jfo c¿ s'g} pkfo x'Fb}gYof] .

uLt–;+uLt ;lsPkl5 snfsf/x¿ lx+8\y] . c¿ aRrfx¿

klg cf–cfˆgf] ;L6df uP/ a:y] . t/ tf]Qf]–rfg eg] ToxL+

pleO/xGyL . æltdL rflx+ lsg c‰} ´ofndf lg <Æ eg]/ ld;n]

;f]Wbf, Psbd uDeL/ eP/ tf]Qf] hjfkm kmsf{pFyL— ækm]l/ csf]{

6f]nL cfpF5 lg t Û clg xfdLn] yfx} gkfO{ pgLx¿ uP eg]

gdHhf x'Fb}g t <Æ

c‰ ‰ls{+b} pgn] elgg\— æeÌ';\ t, s:tf] uGhfuf]n x'G5

xf]nf sIff ÛÆ

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 7 –

cfdfsf] dgdf tL lzlIfsfk|lt ;xfg'e"lt hfUg yfln;s]sf]

lyof] . ltgn] eg] c‰ rsf]{ :j/df elgg\— æc‰ oltn] gk'u]/===Æ

lbSs eP/ cfdfn] ;f]lwg\– æc‰ c¿ s] u5]{ Tof] <Æ

æc¿ s] u5]{ eÌ'ePsf] < p;sf rlt{snf uÌ dfq} ;Sg] eP

klg lsg p;nfO{ nfgf];\ eGy]+ xf]nf / d <Æ

cfkm"nfO{ clnslt ;DxfNb} Psl5g kl5 ltgn] elgg\—

ælxhf]s} dfq s'/f xf] . tf]Qf]–rfg ;w}+ ‰}+ ´ofn 5]p plePsL

lyO{ . pxL ;8s–ufosnfO{ kv]{sL t xf]nf eg]/ d cfˆg} ;'/df

Snf; lnO/x]sL lyPF . crfgs p;n] s;}nfO{ ;f]wL— æltdLx¿

s] ul//x]sf] <Æ

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 8 –

d plePsf] 7fpFaf6 p;n] s'/f ul//x]sf] dflg; b]lv+b}gYof] .

s] eof] xf]nf eg]/ d ;f]Rb}lyPF . km]l/ pm s/fO{— æltdLx¿ s]

ul//fv]sf] <Æ o;f] x]/]+— pm t ;8sdf lx+8\b} u/]sf dflg;x¿;Fu

af]ln/x]sL lyOg . pm t st} dfl:t/ kf] x]l//x]sL lyO{ . s;}n]

hjfkm kmsf{pF5 ls eg]/ dnfO{ klg v'Nb'nL eof] . t/ s;}n]

hjfkm klg lbPg . t/ klg tkfO{+sL 5f]/L eg] ;f]w]sf] ;f]Wo}

ul//x]sL lyO{— æltdLx¿ s] ul//fv]sf] xF <Æ eg]/ . k9fpg}

g;Sg] ePkl5 d ToxL+ uPF / ´ofnaf6 6fpsf] l5/fP/ dfl:t/

x]/]+ . 5fgfd'lg Ps hf]8L uf}+ynLn] u'F8 nufO/x]sf /x]5g\ . d

klg aRrfx¿sf] dgf]lj1fg a'´b} ga'´g] t xf]Og lg Û aRrfn]

uf}+ynL;Fu s'/f ug'{nfO{ ax'n6\7L g} xf] eg]/ t lsg eGy]+ / Û

t/ Snf; rln/x]sf] j]nfdf Tof] lkl/o8el/ g} uf}+ynLnfO{ …s]

u/]sf]Ú eg]/ ;f]w]sf] ;f]Wo} ug'{ t clt ePg / ÛÆ

cfdfn] Ifdfofrgf ug{nfO{ d'v dfq vf]n]sL lyOg\, lzlIfsf

km]l/ eÌ yflng\—

æclg km]l/ csf]{ sf08 5— lrqsnf sIffsf] . d}n]

aRrfx¿nfO{ hfkfgL ‰08fsf] lrq agfpm eg]+ . ;a}n] l7s} agfP .

t/ tkfO{+sL 5f]/L eg] hn;]gfsf] ‰08f agfpg yfnL— Tof] 5

lg, ls/0fx¿ ePsf] . …7Ls} 5 lg, s] ef] tÚ eg]/ ;f]Rb}lyPF .

t/ x]bf{x]b}{ p;n] t jl/kl/ ‰Nn/L a'§f kf] agfpg yfnL . ljrf/

ug'{;\ g Û Tof] o'jfb:tfx¿sf] h:tf] ‰Nn/L a'§f Sof Û st} b]v]sL

xf]nL p;n] . t/ s] ub}{5] of] s]6Ln] eg]/ d}n] ;f]Rg Eofpg' cl3

g} p;n] t kx]+nf] a'§f tfg]/ sfuh aflx/ 8]:sdf k'¥ofO;sL .

x]g'{ x}, p;sf] ‰08fn] g} sfuh hlt ;a} cf]ul6;s]sf] lyof] .

jl/kl/ a'§f agfpg 7fpF g} lyPg . clg p;n] kx]+nf] /ª lnP/

‰08f jl/kl/ ;of}+ w;f{ tfgL— ;Kk} sfuh gf3]/ 8]:s;Dd k'Ug]

u/L . clg sfuh p7fpFbf t 8]:sel/ hlt 3f]6] klg gd]l6g]

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 9 –

kx]+nf w;f{ Û === efUon] tLglt/ dfq} kf]ltPsf] lyof] kx]+nf] .Æ

ga'‰]/ cfdfn] ;f]lwg\— æs:tf], tLglt/ dfq} <Æ

af]Nbf af]Nbf yfls;s]sL eP klg tL ld;n] atfOg\—

æb]a|]lt/ ‰08fsf] 808f agfPsL lyO{ lg t, To;}n] Tof] ‰Nn/L

a'§f tLglt/ dfq} eof] .Æ

cfdfnfO{ clnslt /fxt h:tf] eof] . elgg\— æP, tLglt/

dfq} /x]5 ÛÆ

o;f] eGbf tL lzlIfsfn] Psbd la:tf/}, x/]s zAbdf hf]8

lb+b} elgg\— æt/ Tof] 808fsf] w]/} h;f] efu klg sfuh aflx/

8]:s /+ufpg k'u]sf] lyof] .Æ

clg lzlIfsf h'?Ss pl7g\ / …ca uP x'G5Ú eÌ] efjdf

7f8f]7f8f] u/L elgg\— æd dfq jfSs / lbSs ePsL xf]Og .

;Fu}sf] csf]{ sIffsf] lzIfsnfO{ klg sd cK7]/f] ePsf] 5}g .Æ

olt;Dd eO;s]kl5 t cfdfn] s]xL gu/L ;'v} ePg . c¿

ljBfyL{sf lglDt klg of] t cGofo g} eof] . Pp6f csf]{ :s"n

gvf]hL ePg . Pp6f o:tf] :s"n hxfF dflg;n] cfˆgL km'RrLnfO{

a'l‰b]nfg\ / p;nfO{ c¿;Fu ldn]/ a:g l;sfpnfg\ .

lgs} vf]hLlgtL ul/;s]kl5 dfq clxn] pgLx¿ hfg nfu]sf]

:s"n km]nf k/]sf] lyof] .

pm :s"naf6 lgsflnPsf] s'/f cfdfn] tf]Qf]nfO{ eg]sL

lyOgg\ . cfdfnfO{ yfxf lyof]– eg]s} eP klg cfkm"n] s]

uNtL u/]+ eg]/ tf]Qf]n] a'l´bgyL . To;}n] p;nfO{ cgfjZos

dgf]j}1flgs c;/ gk/f];\ eÌ] pgL rfxlGyg\ . eÌ} k/]5 eg] klg

tf]Qf] 7"nL eO;s]kl5 dfq egf}+nf eÌ] pgnfO{ nfu]sf] lyof] .

cfdfn] p;nfO{ olt dfq} eg]sL lyOg\— ægofF :s"n hfg] xf] <

d}n] Pp6f Psbd /fd|f] :s"nsf] af/]df ;'g]sL 5' .Æ

æx'G5 lg ÛÆ o:;f] ljrf/ u/]/ tf]Qf]n] eg]sL lyO{ . æt/===Æ

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 10 –

cfdfnfO{ nfUof]— km]l/ s] ef] < st} lgsflnPsf] s'/f t

rfn kfOg o;n] <

t/ Psl5gd} /dfOnf] dfGb} tf]Qf]n] ;f]wL— æeÌ' t, tL

;8s–ufos gofF :s"ndf cfpF5g\ xf]nf <Æ

gofF :s"n

gofF :s"nsf] d"n 9f]sf b]Vg] lalQs} tf]Qf]–rfg 6Ss

/f]lsO{ . p;sf] k'/fgf] :s"nsf] d"n 9f]sf t eJo vDafx¿ ePsf]

kSsL u]6 lyof] . clg tL kSsL vDafdf 7"N7"nf cIf/n] :s"nsf]

gfd n]lvPsf] lyof] . t/ of] gofF :s"nsf] d"n 9f]sfdf eg] ;;fgf

lnv'/] vfFaf h:tf dfq} lyP, clg tL …vfFafÚ af6 kft / xfFuf

klg knfO/x]sf lyP .

æP˜˜, of] 9f]sf t cfkm}+ a9\b} klg /x]5Æ tf]Qf]n] egL .

æ6]lnkmf]gsf] vDafeGbf cUnf] gx'Gh]n of] al9/xG5 xf]nf, xlu ÛÆ

d"n 9f]sfsf tL b'O{ …vDafÚ jf:tjd} h/f–xfFuf ;lxtsf

lhpFbf ¿v lyP . ha pm 9f]sfsf] glhs} k'uL, :s"nsf] gfd x]g{

p;n] d'G6f] a6fg'{k¥of]– atf;n] :s"nsf] ;fOgaf]8{nfO{ Psflt/

9NsfOlbPsf] lyof] .

ætf]–df]–P–uf–s'–Pg\ .Æ

tf]df]P eg]sf] s] eg]/ cfdfnfO{ ;f]Wg dfq s] cfF6]sL lyO{,

tf]Qf]n] Pp6f crDdsf] b[Zo b]vL . sxL+ ;kgf kf] b]lv/x]sL 5'

ls h:tf] nfUof] p;nfO{ . pm 6'qm'Ss a;L / ´ofªsf] aLraf6

/fd|/L lrofP/ x]/L . p;n] cfˆgf] cfFvfnfO{ ljZjf;} ug{ ;lsg .

æcfdf, cfdf, Tof] ;fFRr}sf] /]n xf] < x]g'{ t ToxfF– :s"nsf]

d}bfgdf ÛÆ

Tof] :s"nn] sIff sf]7fsf ¿kdf /]nsf ^ j6f k'/fgf

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 11 –

l8AafnfO{ k|of]u u/]sf] lyof] . tf]Qf]–rfgsf lglDt t of] ;kgfdf

dfq b]Vg] s'/f h:tf] eof] . :s"n klg sxL+ /]ndf x'G5 t <

/]nsf l8Aafsf ´ofn laxfgsf] 3fddf 6lNs/x]sf lyP .

t/ ´ofªsf] aLraf6 ltgnfO{ x]l//x]sL /ftf–/ftf ufnf ePsL

Tof] km'RrL s]6Lsf cfFvf tL ´ofneGbf a9L rlDs/x]sf lyP .

ædnfO{ of] :s"n dg k¥of]Æ

Ps}l5gdf v'zLn] ax'nfP ‰}+ lrRofpFb}, s/fpFb}, tf]Qf] Tof]

…/]n :s"nÚ ePlt/ bu'/L . k5fl8 d'06f] kmsf{P/ cfdfnfO{ af]nfpFb}

s/fO{— æcfpg" g, l56f] ug"{ . clxn] /]n /f]ls/fv]sf] j]nfdf

rl9xfnf}+, Sof ÛÆ

cfdf lhNn k/]/ p;sf] kl5kl5 bu'l/g\ . s'g} j]nfsL

af:s]6an v]nf8L ePsLn] pgnfO{ bu'g{ ;d:of lyPg . tf]Qf]

9f]sfdf k:g} cfF6]sf] j]nfdf cfdfn] p;nfO{ e]l6g\ .

n'ufsf] km]/ ;dft]/ p;nfO{ k5fl8 tfGb} cfdfn] elgg\—

æx'Ì, clxn] hfg'x'Ì . oL l8Aaf t sIff sf]7f kf] x'g\ . tFnfO{

oxfF c‰} egf{ ul/;s]sf] 5}g . ;fFRr} g} of] /]nleq hfg] xf] eg]

x]8df:6/;Fu t}+n] 1fgL / hftL eP/ s'/f ug'{k5{ . clxn] xfdL

pxfFnfO{ e]6\g hfg nfUof . ;a 7Ls7fs eof] eg] aNn tF of]

:s"ndf egf{ x'G5];\ . a'´of xf] <Æ

Tof] …/]nÚdf ;Lw} k:g gkfPsf]df tf]Qf]nfO{ Psbd} gdHhf

nfUof] . t/ cfdfn] eg] h:tf] ug'{ klg p;nfO{ plrt g} nfUof] .

æx;\, x'G5 .Æ p;n] egL— ædnfO{ of] :s"n Psbd dg

k¥of] .Æ

cfdfnfO{ eÌ dg nfUof]— ætFnfO{ :s"n dg k5{ ls

kb}{g eÌ] s'/f xf] /, x]8df:6/n] kf] tFnfO{ dg k/fpF5g\ ls

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 12 –

k/fpFb}gg\ ÛÆ t/ d'vn] s]xL elggg\ . ;dflt/x]sf] tf]Qf]sf] n'ufsf]

km]/ 5f]l8lbOg\ / p;sf] xft ;dft]/ x]8df:6/sf] clkm;lt/

nflug\ .

/]nsf ;a} l8Aaf zfGt lyP . Tof] lbgsf] klxnf] Snf;

z'¿ eO;s]sf] lyof] . kvf{nsf] ;§f Tof] :s"nsf] ;fgf] xftf

¿vx¿n] 3]l/Psf] lyof] . htftt} /ftf / kx]+nf km"nsf Aof8

lyP .

x]8df:6/sf] clkm; eg] /]nsf] l8Aafdf lyPg . :s"nsf]

d"n 9f]sf lt/ kms]{sf] ;ft–cf7 9'Ëfsf] pFrfOdf /x]sf] Pp6f

cw{rGb|fsf/ sfGnf] lyof] . ToxL+ dfly ag]sf] Pstn] 3/sf] bflxg]

kl§ pgsf] clkm; lyof] .

tf]Qf]n] cfdfsf] xft 5f]8L / bu'b}{ v'6\lsnf r9\g yfnL .

clg crfgs k5fl8 kmsL{— s:;f] cfdf;Fu 7f]lsPg Û

æs] eof] <Æ— cfdfn] ;f]lwg\ . sxL+ tf]Qf]–rfgn] km]l/ cs}{

ljrf/ t ul/g eÌ] 8/ nfUof] pgnfO{ .

pm cfdfeGbf dfly ;aeGbf l;/fgsf] v'6\lsnf]df pleO{ /

uDeL/ d'b|fdf la:tf/} egL— æxfdL e]6\g uO/x]sf] dflg; kSs}

klg :6]zg df:6/ x'g'k5{ .Æ ufnf hf]8]/ ;fgf] :j/df cfdfn]

;f]lwg\— ælsg <Æ

tf]Qf]–rfgn] To:t} ;fgf] :j/df hjfkm lbO{— ætkfO{+n]

x]8df:6/ eÌ' ef] . t/ oltsf /]nx¿ ePsf] dflg; t :6]zg

df:6/ x'g'k5{ lg ÛÆ

:s"nn] /]nsf l8AafnfO{ Snf;sf ¿kdf k|of]u ug'{ eg]sf]

cln c:jfefljs g} xf] eÌ] cfdfnfO{ klg gnfu]sf] xf]Og . t/

Tof] ;asf] JofVof ul//xg] km';{b sxfF lyof] / Û pgn] olt dfq

elgg\— ætF cfkm}+ ;f]Wg" lg t clxn] Û clg eg\ t, t]/f] afaf

s] xf] h:tf] nfU5 tFnfO{ Û afaf efof]lng ahfpg'x'G5, xf] ls

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 13 –

xf]Og < pxfFl;t Tolt w]/} efof]lng 5g\ . w]/} efof]lng x'Fb}df

xfd|f] 3/nfO{ efof]lng k;n eÌ ldN5 t <Æ

æTof] t ldNb}g .Æ tf]Qf]–rfgn] km]l/ cfdfsf] xft ;dftL .

x]8df:6/

cfdf / tf]Qf]–rfg k:g] lalQs} clkm;leq al;/x]sf Ps

hgf dflg; s';L{af6 p7] .

pgsf] tfn'sf] 6'Kkfdf kftnf] skfn lyof] / Ps b'O{ j6f

bfFt lyPgg\ . t/ pgsf] cg'xf/sf] /+u eg] :j:y b]lvGYof] .

pgL Tolt cUnf lyPgg\, t/ sfFw km/flsnf] lyof] / xft alnof

b]lvGy] . cln yf]qf] yf]qf] nfUg] y|L–kL; ;"6 nufPsf lyP pgn] .

tf]Qf]–rfgn] xQgkQ ‰'s]/ clejfbg u/L clg rlDs+b}

;f]wL— æxh"/ s] xf] < :s"n df:6/ ls :6]zg df:6/ <Æ

cfdfnfO{ a];/L nfh nfUof] . t/ pgn] s]xL eÌ kfpg' cl3

g} pgn] xfF:b} eg]— æd of] :s"nsf] x]8df:6/ .Æ

v'zLn] b+u kb}{ tf]Qf]n] egL— æP˜˜ Û s:tf] /fd|f] . xh"/l;t

Pp6f s'/f eÌ' 5 dnfO{ . dnfO{ of] :s"ndf k9\g dg nfUof] .Æ

x]8df:6/n] p;nfO{ Pp6f s';L{ b]vfPÙ clg cfdflt/ kms]{/

eg]— æca tkfO{+ 3/ uP x'G5 . tf]Qf]–rfg;Fu d s'/f u5'{ .Æ

tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ PSs} l5g clnslt cK7]/f] nfu] h:tf] eof] . t/

t'?Gt} p;nfO{ nfUof]— of] dflg;;Fu cfˆgf] s'/f /fd|};Fu ldN5 .

æx;\, t . o;nfO{ tkfO{+s} lhDdf 5f]8]/ hfG5' d .Æ dg bx|f]

agfpFb} cfdfn] elgg\, / 9f]sf 9KsfP/ aflx/ lgl:sg\ .

x]8df:6/n] Pp6f s';L{ tfg] / tf]Qf]–rfgsf] cufl8 a;] .

/fd|/L al;;s]kl5 pgn] eg]— æn, cfˆgf] af/]df dnfO{ eg t Û

ltdLnfO{ h] h] ljifodf s'/f ug{ dg nfU5, u/ ÛÆ

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 14 –

æh] dg nfU5, Tof] eÌ] /] <Æ tf]Qf] 5Ss k/L . p;nfO{

t pgn] kf] s] s] ;f]Wnfg\ / cfkm"n] hjfkm lbg'kg]{ xf]nf eÌ]

nfu]sf] lyof] . h] dg k5{ ToxL s'/f ug]{ eÌ] lalQs} pm olt

bË k/L ls Ps}l5g klg gklv{sg ukm lbg yfnL . l;ª g

k'R5/sf h:tf nfUg] eP klg cfkm"n] ;s] hlt, hfg] hlt ;a}

s'/f p;n] eÌ EofO{ . pgLx¿ r9]sf] 6«]g slt l56f] s'b]sf]

lyof] eg]/ ;'gfO{, l6s6 sn]S6/nfO{ p;n] laGtL ubf{ klg l6s6

/fVg glbPsf] s'/f ;'gfO{, csf]{ :s"ndf p;sL Snf;–6Lr/ slt

/fd|L lyOg\ eg]/ ;'gfO{, clg uf}+ynLsf] u'F8sf af/]df klg ;'gfO{ .

x]8df:6/nfO{ cfˆgf] v}/f] s's'/ /sL / p;n] b]vfpg] v]nfx¿sf]

af/]df klg ;'gfpg afFsL /flvg . pm lsG8/uf6]{gdf x'Fbf cfˆgf]

d'vleq s}+rL l5/fP/ lslr/ lslr/ u/]sf], clg lzlIfsfn] …lha|f]

sf6\5, To;f] ug'{x'ÌÚ eg]/ ;D‰fPsf] s'/f klg ;'gfO{Ù l;+ufg cfof]

eg] cfdfn] ufnL ug]{ ePsfn] cfkm"n] hlt j]nf klg ;L+ ;L+ ug]{

u/]sf] klg ;'gfO{ . afafn] slt /fd|f];Fu kf}8L v]Ng'x'G5 / Sof

uhan] 8fOe dfg'{x'G5 eÌ] klg ;'gfpg EofO{ . x]8df:6/ rflx+

d'06f] xNnfpFy], xfF:y], clg æclg To; kl5 lg <Æ eg]/ ;f]Wy] .

p;n] olt w]/} s'/f ;'gfO{ ls cflv/df eÌnfO{ s]xL klg afFsL

g} /x]g . pm r'Kk nfuL / …ca s] eÌ] xf]nfÚ eg]/ lgs} ldlxg]t

u/]/ uDg yfnL .

ædnfO{ ;'gfpg] s'/f ca s]xL afFsL 5}g t ltdL;Fu <Æ—

x]8df:6/n] ;f]w] .

æx/], ;'gfpg] s'/} geP/ r'Kk nfUg' t nfhdg'{ g} eof]

af ÛÆ tf]Qf]nfO{ nfUof], …s:tf] uhasf] df}sf ldn]sf] lyof] s'/f

;'gfpg .Ú lgs} an u/L p;n] lbdfu lvofpg— …;'gfpg] s'/f

c¿ s]xL klg 5}g t <Ú clg crfgs p;nfO{ Pp6f pkfo

;'´of] .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 15 –

cfkm"n] nufO/x]sf] n'ufsf] af/]df g} atfpg dg nfUof]

p;nfO{ . p;sf w]/}h;f] n'uf cfdfn] agfpg'x'GYof] . t/ of] rflx+

k;ndf lsg]sf] lyof] . lbpF;f] 3/ kms{+bf p;sf n'uf hlxn] klg

RofltPsf x'Gy] . s'g} s'g} j]nf t Psbd g/fd|/L RofltPsf

x'Gy] . ;]tf] KofG6L ;d]t RofltPsf] x'GYof] . s;/L RofltPsf] eÌ]

s'/f cfdfn] slxNo} yfxf kfpg'ePg . p;n] x]8df:6/nfO{ ;fFrf]

s'/f atfO{ . af/ gf3]/ csf{sf] au}+rfdf k:bf clg afF‰f] hUuf

3]g{ /fv]sf] sfF8] tf/af/ d'lg l5bf{ p;sf] n'uf Roflt+bf] /x]5 .

cfh laxfg otf cfpg] j]nfdf x]bf{ t cfdfn] l;Olbg'ePsf ;a}

/fd|f n'uf RofltO;s]sf /x]5g\ . To;}n], lsg]sf] n'uf nufpg'

k¥of] . To;df uf9f /ftf] / v}/f] r]s a'§f lyof] . Tolt g/fd|f]

lyPg Tof] n'uf t/ sn/df e/]sf] /ftf] km"na'§f eg] cfdfnfO{

dg k/]sf] lyPg . sn/ prfNb} tf]Qf]n] x]8df:6/nfO{ b]vfO{ /

egL— æcfdfnfO{ of] sn/ dg kb}{g .Æ

To; kl5 rflx+ hlt an u/] klg s]xL yk s'/f kfOg

;'gfpgsf lglDt . p;nfO{ gdHhf nfUof] . t/ TolQ g} v]/

x]8df:6/ p7] . cfˆgf] 7"nf], Gofgf] xft p;sf] 6fpsfdf /fv] /

eg]— æn, ca ltdL of] :s"nsL ljBfyL{ eof} .Æ

pgn] eg]sf zAb log} x'g\ . /, To; If0fdf tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{

nfUof]– cfˆgf] hLjgdf klxnf]kN6 cfkm"nfO{ ;fFRr} dg kg]{ dflg;

p;n] e]6]sL 5 . of] eGbf cufl8 s;}n] klg olt nfdf] ;do;Dd

p;sf] s'/f ;'lglbPsf] lyPg . clg Tolt nfdf] ;do;Dd

x]8df:6/n] Ps rf]l6 klg xfO{ sf9]sf lyPgg\ . clnslt klg

lbSs dfg]sf lyPgg\ . p;n] eg]sf x/]s s'/fdf p;n] hlQs}

rfv dfg]/ ;'g]sf lyP .

tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ Tolt j]nf;Dd 38L x]g{ cfpFb}gYof] . t/ lgs}

nfdf] ;do lat]sf] h:tf] nfUof] p;nfO{ . ;dosf af/]df p;nfO{

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 16 –

yfxf ePsf] eP pm cfkm}+ 5Ss kbL{ xf] . /, x]8df:6/k|lt c‰}

a9L s[t1 x'FbL xf] . tf]Qf]–rfg / cfdf laxfg cf7 ah] :s"n

cfOk'u]sf lyP . s'/f ug{ ;lsPkl5 x]8df:6/n] p;nfO{ …n, ca

ltdL of] :s"nsL ljBfyL{ eof}Ú eg]/ h]aL38L x]b}{ eg]sf lyP—

æcf]xf], vfgf vfg] j]nf eP5 .Æ To;sf] dtna xf], x]8df:6/n]

rf/ 306f;Dd nuftf/ tf]Qf]–rfgsf] s'/f ;'g]5g\ Û

g t To;eGbf klxn], g To;eGbf kl5 g} s;}n] tf]Qf]–

rfgsf] s'/f Tolt nfdf] ;do;Dd ;'g]sf] lyof] . clg csf]{

s'/f s] eg], Pp6L ;ft jif{sL km'RrLn] Ps l5g klg g/f]lsO{

rf/–rf/ 306f;Dd nuftf/ af]ln/xg s] s'/f kfO{ xf]nL t Û of]

s'/fn] cfdf / p;sL lzlIfsf ;d]t 5Ss kbf{ x'g\ .

tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ Tolt j]nf;Dd cfkm" :s"naf6 lgsflnPsf] s'/f

yfxf lyPg . ca s] ug]{ xf]nf eg]/ slt cflQPsf lyP c¿

eÌ] klg p;n] a'´g] s'/f ePg . /dfOnL :jefjsL clg clncln

e'nSs8 klg ePsLn] pm lgbf]{if nfUyL . t/ leq st} p;nfO{

klg s] nfUYof] eg] c¿ aRrfx¿nfO{ eGbf p;nfO{ cln km/s

/ cgf}7f] 7fG5g\ dflg;x¿ . t/ oL x]8df:6/n] eg] p;nfO{

Gofgf]kg, ;'/Iffaf]w / cfgGbsf] cg'e"lt u/fP . ;w}+ of] dflg;;Fu

a:g kfP x'GYof] eÌ] nfUof] p;nfO{ .

Tof] klxnf] lbg, x]8df:6/ ;f];fs' sf]afofzLsf af/]df o:tf]

nfUof] tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ . x]8df:6/nfO{ klg tf]Qf]–rfgaf/] o:t} s]xL

nfUof] xf]nf .

lbpF;f]sf] vfgf

x]8df:6/n] tf]Qf]nfO{ ljBfyL{x¿n] vfg] 7fpF b]vfpg nu] .

ævfgf vfg] rflx+ 6«]gdf xf]Og, P;]DanL xndf x} t ÛÆ — pgn]

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 17 –

eg] . laxfg tf]Qf] lx+8]/ cfPsf] 9'+ufsf v'6\lsnfx¿sf] l;/fgdf

lyof] P;]DanL xn . pgLx¿ leq k:bf s]6fs]6Lx¿ £of/{ 3'/{

ub}{ d]rs';L{ ;f/]/ Pp6f uf]nf] 3]/f agfpg vf]Hb} lyP . Pp6f

s'gfdf a;]/ of] ;a x]l//xFbf tf]Qf]–rfgn] x]8df:6/sf] sf]6 tfgL

/ ;f]wL— æv} t c¿ aRrfx¿ <Æ

æolQ t xf] lg, ;a} .Æ

æolQ xf] hDdfhDdL <Æ tf]Qf]–rfgn] ljZjf;} ug{ ;lsg .

csf]{ :s"ndf oltsf aRrfx¿ t Pp6} Snf;df x'Gy] .

æ:s"n el/df hDdf krf;hgf ljBfyL{ dfq <ÆÆ

æxf]Ù TolQ dfq xf]Æ, x]8df:6/n] eg] .

tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ nfUof]– of] :s"ndf t h] klg csf]{ :s"n

eGbf km/s /x]5 .

;a} hgf al;;s] kl5 x]8df:6/n] ljBfyL{nfO{ ;f]w]— æ;a}n]

…clnslt kxf8af6 clnslt ;d'b|af6Ú NofPsf] 5 ls 5}g <Æ

cf–cfˆgf] nGraS; vf]n]/ ;a}n] Ps :j/df s/fP/ eg]— æ5˜˜ ÛÆ

æx]/f}+ x} t, s] s] NofPsf 5f} ÛÆ eGb} s]6fs]6L a;]sf] s';L{sf]

3]/f jl/kl/ x]8df:6/ 3'd] . pgn] Ps–Ps u/L nGraS;sf]

hfFr ubf{ s]6fs]6L /dfP/ xfF;] .

tf]Qf]n] dgdg} ;f]rL— æSof uha Û …clnslt kxf8af6,

clnslt ;d'b|af6Ú eg]sf] s] xf]nf < of] :s"n ;fFRr} cs}{ /x]5 .

s:tf] /dfOnf] ÛÆ :s"nsf] nGr klg olt /dfOnf] xf]nf eg]/ p;n]

slxNo} sNkgf u/]sL lyOg . ef]ln cfkm" klg o;} u/L Pp6f

s';L{df a;]/ x]8df:6/nfO{ …clnslt kxf8af6 clnslt ;d'b|af6Ú

ePsf] vfgf b]vfO/x]sL x'g]5' eÌ] sNkgfn] g} pm olt /dfO{ ls

v'zLn] plk|mpmF h:t} nfUof] p;nfO{ .

nGraS;sf] lg/LIf0f ul//xFbf x]8df:6/sf] sfFwdf dWofXgsf]

g/d 3fd kl//x]sf] lyof] .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 18 –

tf]Qf]–rfgsf] :s"n k|j]z

æltdL ca of] :s"nsL ljBfyL{ eof}Æ eg]/ x]8df:6/n] eg]sf]

j]nfb]lv g} æcsf]{ lbg slxn] xf]nfÆ eg]/ tf]Qf] cwL/ eP/

klv{/x]sL lyO{ . clxn];Dd slxNo} p;n] olt cwL/ eP/ s]xL

klg kv]{sL lyOg . c¿ j]nf laxfg cf]5\ofgaf6 p;nfO{ p7fpg

cfdfnfO{ lgs} ufx|f] x'GYof] . t/ Tof] lbg eg] c¿ ;a}eGbf pm

l56f] p7L, n'uf km]/L / :s"n Aofu slxn] sfFwdf ‰'lG8Pnf eg]/

kv{g yfnL .

3/sf] ;aeGbf ;dok/fo0f ;b:o —hd{g ;]km8{ /sLn]—

crDd dfg]/ p;nfO{ x]¥of] . clg Psrf]l6 hLpnfO{ tgSs

tGsfP kl5 tf]Qf]sf] glhs} cfP/ pleof]— …cfh s]xL gf}n} x'Fb}5

h:tf] 5Ú eGg] efjdf .

cfdfsf] w]/} sfd lyof] . tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ laxfgsf] gf:tf lbP/

Úkxf8af6 s]xLÚ / …;d'b|af6 s]xLÚ ePsf] nGr agfOlbOg\ .

tf]Qf]–rfgn] x/fpnL eg]/ p;sf] 6«]g kf; Pp6f Knfl:6ssf]

vf]ndf /fv]/, 8f]/Ln] afFw]/, 3fF6Ldf ‰'08\ofOlbOg\ cfdfn] .

afafn] …1fgL x'g' x} ÛÚ eGbf tf]Qf]n] tTsfn hjfkm kmsf{O{—

æTof] t eÌ} kb}{g lg ÛÆ

h'Qf nufP/ tf]Qf]n] 9f]sf vf]nL, km/Ss kmsL{ / ljgd|tfk"j{s

‰'s]/ ;a}nfO{ …afO{–afO{Ú egL .

tf]Qf] aflx/ lg:s]sf] x]l//xFbf cfdfsf cfFvf /;fP . olt

km'lt{nL s]6L hf] olt cf1fsf/L eP/ uO/x]sL 5, ev{/} dfq

:s"naf6 lgsflnPsL xf] eÌ] s'/f ljZjf; ug}{ ufx|f] lyof] .

o;kfln eg] 5f]/Lsf] ;a} s'/f /fd|f] xf];\ eg]/ pgn] dgdg}

k|fy{gf ul/g\ .

Ps} l5g kl5 tf]Qf]n] cfˆgf] 3fF6Ldf ‰'l08Psf] 6«]g kf;

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 19 –

lgsfn]/ /sLsf] 3fF6Ldf ‰'08\ofOlbO{ . Tof] b]Vbf cfdf ‰l:sOg\ .

æx] eujfg===Æ eÌ dg nfUof] cfdfnfO{, t/ d'vn] s]xL gegL

ca s] x'G5 t eg]/ x]/L al;g\ .

/sLsf] 3fF6Ldf kf; ‰'08\ofO;s]kl5 pm s's'/sf] cufl8

6'qm'Ss a;L / egL— æb]lv;\ < of] kf; tFnfO{ k6Ss} 7Ls x'Fb}g .Æ

kf;sf] 8f]/L nfdf] ePsfn] /sLsf] 3fF6Ldf ‰'l08+bf Tof] e'O{+d}

nlqGYof] .

æa'l‰;\ t}+n] < of] t]/f] xf]Og, d]/f] xf] . tF 6«]gdf r9\g

ldNb}g . t/ d x]8;/nfO{ ;f]W5', clg :6]zgsf] dfG5]nfO{ klg .

ltgLx¿n] tFnfO{ klg :s"n hfg lbG5g\ ls <Æ

z'¿df t /sLn] sfg 7f8f]7f8f] kf/]/ lgs} Wofg lbP/ ;'Gof],

clg b'O{–rf/ rf]l6 d'v rf6]kl5 nfdf] xfO{ sf9\of] . tf]Qf]–rfg

eg] af]nL g} /xL— æsIff sf]7f ePsf] 6«]g lx+8\b}g . To;}n] Tof]

6«]g r9\g tFnfO{ l6s6 rflx+b}g . t/ cfh rflx+ tF 3/} a;]/

dnfO{ kv{g" x} ÛÆ

/sL lbglbg} k'/fgf] :s"nsf] 9f]s} ;Dd tf]Qf]–rfg;Fu} hfGYof]

/ kms{GYof] . Tof] lbg klg p;n] ToxL cfzf u/]sf] lyof] .

tf]Qf]n] /sLsf] 3fF6Laf6 kf; lgsfnL / cfˆgf] 3fF6Ldf

‰'08\ofO{ . Ps rf]l6 km]l/ p;n] afaf / cfdfnfO{ afO{afO{ u/L .

clg pm k5fl8 kmls{+b} gkmsL{ bu'/L— p;sf] ‰f]nf lk7\o"Fdf

a'b|'s–a'b|'s plk|mO/Xof] . /sL klg /dfO{ /dfO{ p;sf kl5 nfUof] .

:6]zg;Dd hfg] af6f] s/La–s/La k'/fgf] :s"ns} af6f] lyof] .

To;}n] af6f]df p;n] lrg]sf s's'/, la/fnf / k'/fgf] :s"nsf

ljBfyL{nfO{ klg e]6L .

ltgLx¿nfO{ km'tL{ b]vfpg cfˆgf] kf; b]vfpF ls h:tf] p;nfO{

nfUof] . t/ pm :s"ndf 9Lnf] k'Ug rfxÌ lyO{ . To;}n] cfh

gb]vfpg] lg0f{o u/L / km6fkm6 lx+8L .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 20 –

:6]zgdf k'u] kl5 ;w}+ h:t} b]a|]lt/ nfUg'sf] ;§f pm ha

bflxg]lt/ nfuL, /sL lar/f] 6Ss /f]lsof] / lrlGtt d'b|fdf

bfofFafofF x]g{ yfNof] . l6s6–u]6;Dd g} k'lu;s]sL eP klg tf]Qf]–

rfg /sLsxfF kms]{/ cfO{— pm lhNn k/]/ pleO/fv]sf] lyof] .

æd cab]lv Tof] :s"ndf hfÌF . gofF :s"ndf hfG5' .Æ

tf]Qf]–rfgn] /sLsf] ufnfdf cfˆgf] ufnf hf]8L . p;sf] sfg

;w}+ ‰}+ ugfof] . t/ tf]Qf]nfO{ ToxL uGw dg kYof]{ .

/sLnfO{ …afO{afO{Ú eg]/ p;n] ToxfFsf] dfG5]nfO{ cfˆgf] kf;

b]vfO{ / :6]zgsf] 7f8f] e¥ofª r9L . tf]Qf] cfFvfaf6 cf]‰]n

gx'Gh]n /sLn] ;fgf] :j/df …s'OFs'OFÚ ub}{ x]l//Xof] .

/]nleqsf] sIff sf]7f

p;sf] sIff sf]7f eg]/ x]8df:6/n] lrgfOlbPsf] /]nsf]

l8Aafsf] 9f]sfdf tf]Qf]–rfg k'Ubf c¿ sf]xL klg cfPsf] lyPg . Tof]

k'/fgf] vfnsf] l8Aaf lyof]— 9f]sfsf] aflx/kl§ Xof08n ePsf] .

b'j} xftn] Xof08n ;dft]/ 9f]sfnfO{ £jf/{ bflxg]kl§ ;fg'{kg]{ .

leq lrofP/ x]bf{ tf]Qf]–rfgsf] d'6' 9's–9's eO/x]sf] lyof] .

…cf]xf] ÛÚ

oxfF k9\g' eg]sf] t nuftf/ ofqf ul//xg' h:tf] x'g]

/x]5 . ´ofn dfly c‰} klg ;fdfg /fVg] ¥ofs lyP . km/s

eg]sf] Pp6f sfnf]kf6L lyof], / /]nsf nfdf ;L6x¿sf] 7fpFdf

:s"nsf a]~r /flvPsf lyP . plePsf] j]nf ;dfpg] k]6Lx¿ klg

lgsflnPsf] lyof] . c¿ eg] ;a} s'/f p:t} lyof] . tf]Qf]–rfg

uP/ Pp6f ;L6df a;L . sf7sf a]Gr ;a} csf]{ :s"ndf h:t}

lyP, t/ a:g slt ;lhnf] lyof] eg] tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ lbgel/ g}

a:g ;S5' h:tf] nfUof] . p;nfO{ Tof] :s"n slt dg k¥of] eg]

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 21 –

Ps lbg klg labf glnOsg ;w}+ :s"n cfpg] k|0f u/L .

tf]Qf]n] ´ofn aflx/ x]/L . p;nfO{ yfxf lyof], /]n rNb}g .

t/ :s"nsf] xftfdf ePsf ¿vsf kft xfjfdf xlNnPsfn] xf]nf,

/]n rln/x]sf] h:tf] efg eof] p;nfO{ .

cflv/ p;n] 7"n} :j/n] egL— æd Psbd v'zL 5' .Æ clg

´ofndf cfˆgf] ufnf hf]8L . hlxn] klg v'zL ePsf j]nfdf h:t}

pm cfkm}+n] tTsfn uLt /rL / ufpg yfnL—

æd slt v'zL efÚsL

slt v'zL d

lsg d v'zL efÚsL <

=== ===Æ

7\ofSs ToxL j]nf sf]xL leq k:of] . Pp6L s]6L /lx5 .

p;n] cfˆgf] ‰f]nfaf6 sfkL / k]lG;n aS; lgsfnL / 8]:sdfly

/fvL . clg s's'{Rrf prfn]/ AofunfO{ ¥ofs dfly /fvL .

h'Qf af]Sg] ‰f]nf klg p;n] ¥ofsdfly g} /fvL . tf]Qf]n] klg

uLt ufpg 5f]8]/ xQkQ To;} u/L . To;kl5 Pp6f s]6f] leq

k:of] . 9f]sfdf pleP/ p;n] cfˆgf] AofunfO{ af:s]6an ˆofFs]

‰}+ ¥ofsdfly ˆofFSof] . Aofu l8ndf 7f]lsP/ aflx/} v:of] . Tof]

s]6f]n] …ePgÚ eGb} ToxL 7fpFaf6 km]l/ tfs]/ ˆofFSof] . o;kfln

‰f]nf v;]g . …gfO; z6Ú eGb} pm s/fof] . t/ km]l/ t'?Gt}

æxf]Og, xf]Og, Aof8 z6 ÛÆ eg]/ s/fpFb} ;L6df r9\of] clg sfkL

/ k]lG;n aS; lgsfNof] . klxNo} sfkL / k]lG;n aS; lgsfNg

e'n]sfn] …Aof8 z6Ú eg]sf] /x]5 .

hDdf gf} hgf ljBfyL{ eP Tof] l8Aafdf . tf]df]P–ufs'Pgdf

pgLx¿ klxnf] sIffsf ljBfyL{ lyP .

tL ;a} Pp6} l8Aafleq r9]sf ofqL lyP— nfdf] ;do;Dd

;Fu} ofqf ug'{lyof] ltgnfO{ .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 22 –

tf]df]Psf] k9fO

/]nsf] l8Aafleq :s"nsf] k9fO Û – of] To;} klg cgf}7f] lyof] .

c‰ ljBfyL{sf ;L6 h;/L ldnfOPsf] lyof], Tof] t ‰g} cgf}7f]

lyof] . c¿ :s"ndf x/]s ljBfyL{sf lglDt 5'§f 5'§} 8]:s tf]lsPsf

x'Gy] . ToxL+ a:g'kYof]{ . oxfF eg] hlt j]nf hxfF a:g klg kfOg] .

lgs} ljrf/ u/]/ jl/kl/ /fd|/L x]l/;s]kl5 tf]Qf]–rfgn]

cfkm"kl5 cfPsL s]6L;Fu a:g] lg0f{o u/L, lsgls p;n] nfdsfg]

v/fof] ePsf] k|ms nufPsL lyO{ .

of] :s"ndf ;aeGbf crDdsf] s'/f t kf7x¿ g} lyP .

c¿ :s"nx¿df ;fdfGotof Pp6f Snf;df Pp6f ljifo

tf]lsPsf] x'GYof] . egf}+ g, klxnf] 306Ldf hfkfgL efiffsf] Snf;

x'g] eP Tof] 306L el/ g} hfkfgL efiff dfq} k9\g'kg]{ x'G5 .

bf];|f] 306Ldf lx;fa eP lx;fa} dfq k9\g'kg]{ x'G5 . t/ oxfF t

Psbd} km/s lyof] . klxnf] Snf;sf] z'¿df g} lzIfsn] Tof] lbg

k9\g'kg]{ ljifosf k|Zgx¿sf] ;"rL agfP/ lbGy] / eGy] æn, ca

ltdLx¿nfO{ h]af6 z'¿ ug{ dg nfU5, z'¿ u/ .Æ

o;/L, hfkfgL efiffaf6 xf];\ ls ul0ftaf6 xf];\, h]af6 z'¿

u/] klg s]xL km/s kb}{gYof] . n]Vg dg kg]{ sf]xL eP p;n]

s]xL n]Vg yfn] x'GYof] . ToxL j]nf p;sf] k5fl8sf] lkmlhS;

dg kg]{ csf{n] eg] ag{/ dfly s]xL pdfln/x]sf] x'g ;SYof] /

sIff sf]7fleq} ;–;fgf] lj:kmf]6sf] ;Defjgf hlxn] klg /xGYof] .

k9fOsf] of] t/Lsfn] ubf{ lzIfsx¿ ljBfyL{nfO{ /fd|f];Fu

lg/LIf0f ug{ kfpFy] . ljBfyL{ dflyNnf] sIffdf r9\b} hfFbf pgLx¿sf]

rfxgf, ljrf/ ug]{ t/Lsf / :jefjsf af/]df lzIfsx¿nfO{ /fd|/L

yfxf x'GYof] . ljBfyL{sf af/]df yfxf kfpg of] ;fFRr} g} cg'kd

t/Lsf lyof] .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 23 –

ptf ljBfyL{x¿ klg cfkm"n] dg k/fPsf] ljifoaf6 k9fO

yfNg kfpFbf /dfpFy] . clg cfkm"nfO{ Tolt ;fx|f] dg gkg]{ ljifo

Eofpg l;+u} lbg afFsL x'g] ePsfn] vf;} kL/ ug'{kg]{ klg s]xL

lyPg . o;/L pgLx¿sf] l;sfO k"0f{tof cfTdlge{/tfdf cfwfl/t

x'GYof] . hlt j]nf cfjZos k¥of], ljBfyL{n] lzIfssxfF uP/

;f]Wg ;Sy] . pgLx¿n] rfxFbf lzIfs :jo+ klg ltgsf] 5]pdf

cfP/ s'g} klg s'/f 5n{Ë gx'Gh]n JofVof u/]/ a'‰fpFy] . clg

…n, ca cfkm}+ u/Ú eg]/ ljBfyL{nfO{ gofF cEof; lbOGYof] .

jf:tljs cy{d} …cWoogÚ sf] ;aeGbf ;fy{s ¿k lyof] of] .

cyf{t\, lzIfsn] k9fO/xFbf Psfu| geO{ dg otf ptf 8'nfP/

a:g] Pp6} klg ljBfyL{ x'Fb}gYof] .

klxnf] sIffsf ljBfyL{x¿ cfTdlge{/ eP/ cfkm}+ cWoog ug{

c‰} ;Ifd eO;s]sf lyPgg\ . t/ ltgnfO{ klg cfkm"n] rfx]sf]

ljifoaf6 z'¿ ug{ lbOGYof] . pgLx¿dWo] sf]xL j0f{dfnf ;fg]{ sfd

ul//x]sf x'Gy], sf]xL lrq agfO/x]sf x'Gy], sf]xL lstfa kl9/x]sf

x'Gy] eg] c¿ sf]xL–sf]xL t zf/Ll/s Jofofd ul//x]sf x'Gy] .

tf]Qf]–rfgsf] 5]pdf a;]sL s]6Ln] ;a} cIf/ lrg]sL dfq lyOg,

pm tL cIf/ n]Vg klg ;Sg] eO;s]sL lyO{ . of] ;a tf]Qf]–rfgsf

lglDt ;f/} gf}nf] s'/f lyof] To;}n] pm clncln cflQO{ klg . s]

u¿F, s;f] u¿F eof] p;nfO{ .

7Ls ToxL j]nf tfQf]sf] k5fl8 al;/x]sf] s]6f] p7\of] /

xftdf sfkL lnP/ sfnf]kf6L tkm{ a9\of] . ld;;Fu s]xL ;f]Wg

cl3 a9]sf] xf] ls h:tf] b]lvGYof] . ld; rflx+ ANofsaf]8{sf]

glhs} a;]/ csf]{ ljBfyL{nfO{ s]xL a'‰fO/x]sL lyOg\ . tf]Qf]sf

cfFvf cGoq x]g{ 5f]8]/ Ps6s Tof] s]6fsf] 9f8df s]lGb|t eP .

s]6f]n] v'§f l3;fl//x]sf] lyof] / p;sf] hLp a];/L xlNn/x]sf]

lyof] . z'¿df t Tof] s]6fn] hfgL hfgL To;f] u/]sf] xf] ls h:tf]

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 24 –

nfu]sf] lyof] . t/ t'?Gt} p;n] yfxf kfO{, Tof] p;sf] afWotf

lyof] . cfˆgf] 7fpFdf gkms'{Gh]n p;nfO{ cfFvfn] k5\ofO/xL .

pgLx¿sf] cfFvf h'Wof] . Tof] s]6f] xfF:of] . pm klg xQgkQ

xfFl;lbO{ . s]6f] cfˆgf] 7fpFdf a:bf Tof] s]6fnfO{ c¿nfO{ eGbf

w]/} ;do nfUof] . tf]Qf]n] k5fl8 kms]{/ ;f]wL— æltdL lsg o;/L

lx+8]sf] <Æ

p;n] ;fgf] :j/n], a'l4dfg dflg;n] ‰}+ lj:tf/} eGof]—

ædnfO{ kf]lnof] ePsf] lyof] .Æ

ækf]lnof] <Æ tf]Qf]n] bf]xf]¥ofO{ . p;n] of] zAb klxnf] k6s

;'g]sL lyO{ .

;fptL df/] ‰}+ ;fgf] :j/df p;n] eGof]— æcF, kf]lnof] . d]/f]

v'§fdf dfq} xf]Og, d]/f] xftdf klg kf]lnof] ePsf] lyof] .Æ p;n]

xft b]vfof] . tf]Qf]n] p;sf] b]a|] xft x]/L . p;sf cf}+nf afËf

lyP / cfk;df hf]l8Psf h:tf b]lvGy] .

æo;sf] cf]vtL x'Fb}g <Æ tf]Qf]n] ;f]wL . t/ s]6f]n] o;sf]

hjfkm lbPg . tf]Qf] nlHht eO{ . g;f]w]sf] eP x'g] h:tf] nfUof]

p;nfO{ . t/ Tof] s]6fn] Psl5gkl5 cg'xf/ pHofnf] kfb}{ eGof]—

æd]/f] gfd of;'cfsL ofdfdf]tf] xf] . ltd|f] lg <Æ

p;n] olt v'n]/ af]n]sf] ;'Gbf tf]Qf]nfO{ Psbd /dfOnf]

nfUof] . p;n] 7"nf] :j/n] hjfkm lbO{— æd tf]Qf]–rfg .Æ

o;/L of;'cfsL ofdfdf]tf] / tf]Qf]–rfg ;fyL eP .

3fdn] ubf{ /]nsf] Tof] l8Aaf leq lgs} udL{ lyof] .

s;}n] Pp6f ´ofn vf]Nof] . j;Gtsf] tfhf xfjf leq k:of] /

s]6fs]6Lsf skfn p8fpg yfNof] .

o;/L z'¿ eof] tf]df]Pdf tf]Qf]–rfgsf] klxnf] lbg .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 25 –

;d'b|L vfgf / hdLgsf] vfgf

cwL/ eP/ tf]Qf]–rfgn] klv{/x]sf] Tof] …clnslt ;d'b|af6

clnslt kxf8af6Ú x'g] nGrsf] ;do cflv/ cfO5f8\of] .

x]8df:6/n] tL zAbfjnLsf] k|of]u ;Gt'lnt cfxf/ hgfpgsf

nflu u/]sf lyP . 3/af6 eft;Fu} c¿ s]xL Nofpg'kYof]{ .

…aRrfx¿nfO{ clncln ;a} s'/f vfg l;sfpg'k5{Ú jf …aRrfx¿n]

;Gt'lnt vfgf Nofpg] u¿g\Ú eÌ'sf] ;f6f] oL x]8df:6/ eg]

ljBfyL{sf cfdf–afnfO{ aRrfx¿sf] vfgfdf …s]xL s'/f ;d'b|sf] /

s]xL rflx+ kxf8sf]Ú /flvlbg cfu|x uy]{ .

…;d'b|af6 s]xLÚ eÌ'sf] cy{ df5f jf l‰+u] df5fsf] u'lnof]

crf/ -;f]of ;; / u'lnof] ;fs] -hfkfgL rfdnsf] lguf/_ df

ksfPsf] ;–;fgf] l‰+u] df5f_ h:tf s'/f x'g;Sy] eg] …kxf8af6

s]xLÚ eg]sf] rflx+ ;fukft jf df;' h] klg x'g;SYof] .

of] t/Lsfaf6 cfdf lgs} k|efljt ePsL lyOg\ . pgnfO{

nfUYof]— …slt kf] xf]nfg\ / o:tf x]8df:6/ hf] olt dxŒjk"0f{

s'/fnfO{ klg olt ;/n efiffdf JoQm ug{ ;S5g\ .Ú oL b'O{

y/Laf6 dfq 5fg]/ vfgf tof/ u/] k'Ug] x'Fbf ;lhnf] klg ePsf]

lyof] . ToxfF dfly, x]8;/n] :ki6 s] eg]sf lyP eg] oL b'O{

cfjZostf k"/f ug{ w]/} ljrf/ / ldlxg]t ul//xg} kb}{g .

hdLgsf] vfgf eg] kl5 t?n -d"n k':tsdf t?n geO{ …lsglk/f

uf]jf]Ú elgPsf] 5 . of] Ps lsl;dsf] ‰f/ xf] h;sf] sk8fdf

6fFl;g] …s'/f]Ú h:tf] sfF8] kmn x'G5 . hfkfgLx¿ o;sf] h/fnfO{

vfgfdf k|of]u u5{g\ . c+u|]hLdf …a8{sÚ elgG5_ cyjf cdn]6 h]

eP klg x'GYof] . clg ;d'b|sf] vfgf eg] kl5 af]lgtf] df5fsf]

;'s'6L eP klg k'UYof] . c‰ Tof]eGbf klg ;lhnf] kfg]{ xf] eg]

;d'b|sf] n]p / hdLgsf] cfn'av8fsf] crf/ eP x'GYof] .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 26 –

lxhf] x]8df:6/n] ;a}sf] nGr aS; x]bf{ tf]Qf]–rfgn] lgs}

/x/nfUbf] u/L x]/]sL lyO{ . cfh klg pgL To;} u/L ;a}sf]

nGr–aS; x]g{ yfn] .

æltdLx¿;Fu ;d'b| / kxf8 b'j}af6 s]xL 5 lg xf]Og <Æ

pgn] ;f]w] . ;d'b| / kxf8af6 s–s;n] s] NofPsf 5g\ eg]/

x]g{ /dfOnf] x'GYof] .

s'g} j]nf cfdfx¿ Hofb} Jo:t x'Fbf aRrfsf] vfgfdf ls t

kxf8af6 dfq} s]xL, ls eg] ;d'b|af6 dfq} s]xL kg{ ;SYof] .

t/ To;f] eOxfn]5 eg] klg kL/ dfÌ'kg]{ lyPg . x]8df:6/n]

lg/LIf0f ul//xFbf pgsL >LdtL klg ;]tf] Pk|f]g nufP/ pgsf]

kl5–kl5 nflUyg\ . pgsf xftdf Pp6f Pp6f efF8f x'Gy] .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 27 –

s'g} ljBfyL{sf] cufl8 6Ss /f]lsP/ x]8df:6/n] …;d'b|Ú eg]5g\

eg] ;d'b|jfnf efF8faf6 df5fsf] kl/sf/ vGofOlblGyg\, clg

x]8df:6/n] …kxf8Ú eg]5g\ eg] csf]{ efF8faf6 ;f]of–;;df

ksfPsf] cfn' /flvlblGyg\ .

s;}n] klg …dnfO{ df5f dg kb}{gÚ eGb}gYof] . ToxfF

…kmnfgfn] Sof bfdL nGr NofPsf] jf kmnfgf] lar/fn] s:tf] ‰'/

vfgf NofPsf]Ú eÌ] s'/} x'Fb}gYof] . aRrfx¿sf] WofpÌ vfnL Pp6}

s'/fdf x'GYof] — b'O{ y/L rLh 5g\ ls 5}gg\ — kxf8af6 /

;d'b|af6 . olt b'O{ yf]s k'u]sf] /x]5 eg] ;a} v'zL, ;a} ;Gt'i6 Û

…;d'b|af6 s]xL / kxf8af6 s]xLÚ eg]sf] s] eg]/ a'´g

yfln;s] kl5, xtf/ xtf/df cfdfn] agfOlbPsf] nGrnfO{

x]8df:6/n] 7Ls 5 eG5g\ ls eGb}gg\ eÌ] 7"nf] lrGtf nfUof]

tf]Qf]nfO{ . t/ p;n] nGraS; vf]Nbf t olt /fd|f] vfgf b]vL

ls …cfxf, slt /fd|f]Ú eg]/ v'zLn] lrRofpg} dg nfUof] p;nfO{ .

a8f] d'lZsnn] /f]sL p;n] cfkm"nfO{ .

tf]Qf]–rfgsf] vfgfdf pHofnf] kx]+nf] c08fsf] t/sf/L lyof],

xl/of] s/fpsf u]8f lyP, v}/f] …b]Ga'Ú lyof], clg u'nfaL /+usf]

df5fsf] c08f lyof] . km"naf/L h:t} /ËLg b]lvPsf] lyof] of] ;a .

x]8df:6/n] æs:tf] /fd|f] ÛÆ eg] .

tf]Qf]–rfg bË k/L . p;n] egL— æd]/L cfdf Psbd /fd|f]

vfgf agfpg'x'G5 .Æ

x]8df:6/n] æxf] lg, xlu <Æ eg] . clg …b]Ga'Últ/ cf}+NofpFb}

pgn] ;f]w]— æn eg, of] s] xf] < of] ;d'b|af6 cfPsf] xf] ls

kxf8af6 <Æ

tf]Qf]n] o;f] x]/L . s] rflx+ 7Ls xf]nf t < df6f]sf] h:tf]

/+u 5, kxf8af6 xf] ls t < t/ p;nfO{ kSsfkSsL eg] ePg .

p;n] egL— æv}, yfxf 5}g .Æ

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 28 –

clg x]8df:6/n] :s"nel/sf s]6fs]6LnfO{ eg]— æb]Ga' sxfFaf6

cfpF5, eg t Û ;d'b|af6 ls kxf8af6 <Æ

Ps l5g ;a r"k eP . clg ;f]Rbf ;f]Rb} s;}n] eGof]

…kxf8af6Ú, clg c¿ sf]xL s/fof] …;d'b|af6 .Ú t/ s;}nfO{ klg

/fd|f] yfxf lyPg .

x]8df:6/n] eg]— æn 7Ls 5 . d} elglbG5' ltdLx¿nfO{ .

b]Ga' ;d'b|L vfgf xf] .Æ

æs;/L <Æ Pp6f s]6f]n] ;f]Wof] .

8]:s–a]Grsf] 3]/fsf] aLrdf pleP/ x]8df:6/n] eg] ækfs]sf]

df5fsf] df;'nfO{ sfF8faf6 5'6\ofP/ agfPsf] x'G5 b]Ga' . kf]Ng],

dl;gf] agfpg], clg ;'sfP/ d;nf nufpg] .Æ

aRrfx¿ b+u k/]/ æP˜˜ ÛÆ eg] . clg s;}n] ;f]Wof]— ætf]Qf]–

rfgsf] b]Ga' xfdLn] klg x]g{ x'G5 <Æ

æe}xfN5 lg ÛÆ x]8df:6/n] eg] . clg :s"nel/sf aRrf

tf]Qf]–rfgsf] b]Ga' x]g{ cf]Ol/P . b]Ga' eg]sf] s] eGg] yfxf kfP

klg gofF ;s;s nfu]/ clg tf]Qf]sf] b]Ga' cfˆgf] eGbf km/s kf]

5 ls eg]/ aRrfx¿ p;sf] vfgf x]g{ cfP . olt w]/} aRrfn]

p;sf] b]Ga' ;'F3] ls To;sf] ;–;fgf] 6'qmf p8\g] g} kf] xf] ls

eg]/ tf]Qf]nfO{ 8/} nfUof] .

Tof] klxnf] lbgsf] nGrdf tf]Qf]–rfg cln cln cflQP

klg, a];/L /dfO{ . ;d'b|L vfgf / hdLgsf] vfgf eg]sf] s]

xf]nf eg]/ c8\sn ug'{ klg dh} lyof] . b]Ga' eg]sf] t df5faf6

kf] ag]sf] /x]5 eg]/ p;n] yfxf kfO{ . clg cfdfn] klg …s]xL

;d'b|af6 / s]xL kxf8af6Ú /fVg] eg]/ ;lD‰/xg'ePsf] /x]5 .

o;/L hDdfhDdL ;a 7Ls7fs /Xof]— pm ;Gt'i6 eO{ .

clg tf]Qf]–rfg c‰} dSv kg]{ s'/f t s] eg], c;fWo dL7f]

/x]5 cfdfn] agfPsf] vfgf .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 29 –

…/fd|/L rkfpmÚ

;fdfGotof vfg] j]nfdf …Otfbflsdf;\Ú cyf{t\ …d s[t1 5'Ú

eg]/ vfg yflnG5 . t/ tf]df]P ufs'Pgdf eg] csf]{ Pp6f gf}nf]

s'/f lyof]— ToxfF vfg'cl3 ;a}n] uLt ufpFy] . x]8df:6/ cfkm}+

;+uLtsf/ lyP / pgn] vfgfcl3 ufpg] Pp6f uLt agfPsf

lyP . jf:tjdf ;a}n] hfg]sf] …/f] /f] /f]o;{ af]6===Ú eÌ] c+u|]hL

uLtsf] nodf pgn] zAb dfq} km]/]sf lyP . pgn] zAb km]/]kl5

Tof] uLt o:tf] x'GYof]—

ævfpm vfpm ;fyL xf], rkfP/ vfpm

df;', eft, df5f ;a} rkfP/ vfpm .Æ

o;/L uLt ufO;s] kl5 dfq aRrfx¿ ;a} Ps :j/n]

…Otfb]lsdf;\Ú eGy] .

x]8df:6/n] cfˆgf bfFt ‰/]sf sf/0f kf] of] uLt agfPsf

x'g ls Û pgL hlxn] klg ljBfyL{nfO{ ;do lnP/ lj:tf/} /fd|f];Fu

rkfO{–rkfO{ clg Psfk;df /dfOnf s'/f ub}{ vfg' eGy] . To;}n],

oxL s'/f ;D‰fpgnfO{ pgn] of] uLt agfPsf] x'g'k5{ .

tf]df]P :s"nsf gfgLx¿ Gjf/fgb]lvsf] an lgsfn]/ lrRofO{

lrRofO{ of] uLt ufpFy] clg ;a}n] …Otfbflsdf;\Ú eg]kl5 …;d'b|af6

s]xLÚ / …kxf8af6 s]xLÚ vfg a:y] .

clg Ps l5gsf lglDt P;]DAnL xn zfGt x'GYof] .

…:s"n jfsÚ

nGr kl5 tf]Qf] c¿x¿;Fu} :s"n sf] u|fp08df Ps l5g

v]Ngdf cNdlnO{ . sIffsf]7fdf k:bf ld; klxNo}b]lv pgLx¿nfO{

klv{/x]sL lyOg\ .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 30 –

æcfh laxfgel/ ltdLx¿n] a];/L ldlxg]t u/]sf 5f} . eg,

ca s] ug]{ dg 5 <Æ ld;n] ;a}nfO{ ;f]lwg\ .

s] eÌ] xf]nf eg]/ tf]Qf]n] s]xL ;f]Rg EofPs} lyOg, c¿x¿

eg] Ps :j/n] s/fP–

æ3'Dg hfg]˜˜ ÛÆ

æn, x'G5 ÛÆ ld;n] elgg\ . ;a} aRrf 9f]sflt/ xflÌP /

aflx/ lg:sg yfn] . tf]Qf] 3/af6 afaf / /sL;Fu 3'Dg hfGyL .

t/ :s"n rln/x]sf] j]nf klg 3'Dg] s'/f p;n] slxNo} ;'g]sL

lyOg . pm tLg5s k/L . t/ pm cfkm}+ 3'd3fddf a];/L /dfpg]

ePsLn] kv{g] t s'/} cfPg .

kl5 p;nfO{ yfxf ef], lzIfsn] pgLx¿sf nflu sfnf]kf6Ldf

n]lvlbPsf sfd laxfgel/d} l;l4O;s]sf /x]5g\Ù To;} eP/

pgLx¿n] lbpF;f] 3'Dg hfg] cj;/ kfPsf /x]5g\ . sIff–Pssf]

xf];\ ls sIff–5sf], ;a}nfO{ oxL lgod nfu" x'GYof] .

d"n 9f]sfaf6 lg:s]kl5 sIff Psdf ePsf gf} hgf

ljBfyL{ ;a} cfˆgL ld;nfO{ aLrdf kf/]/ vf]nfsf] 5]paf6

lx+8\g yfn] . vf]nfsf] b'j} lsgf/df k}øo'Fsf af]6 lyP— ev{/}

dfq 9sdSs km'n]sf . cfFvfn] EofpGh]n 6f9f 6f9f;Dd

v]tdf tf]/L klg kx]+nk'/ eP/ km'ln/x]sf] lyof] . clxn] t

Tof] vf]nfsf] gfdf]lgzfg 5}g, ckf6{d]G6 lalN8ª / k;nx¿sf]

3'OFrf] 5 . t/ pm j]nf lho'ufcf]sf If]qsf] hdLg w]/}h;f]

v]t g} lyof] .

n'ufdf v/fof]sf] lrq ePsL s]6Ln] egL— æs'xf]ga'Rr' dlGb/

;Dd hfpmF g ÛÆ p;sf] gfd ;fSsf]–rfg /x]5 . æxfdLn] cl:t g}

Tof] kf]v/Llg/ ;fFk b]v]sf]Æ ;fSsf]–rfgn] egL . æToxfF dlGb/df

Pp6f k'/fgf] Ogf/ 5 . tf/f ‰/]sf] lyof] /] ToxfF ÛÆ

o;/L lx+l8/xFbf aRrfx¿ cfkm"nfO{ h] dgk5{, ToxL s'/f

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 31 –

ul//x]sf lyP . cfsfz gLnf] lyof], / xfjfdf k'tnLsf] lkm/lkm/

u'lGh/x]sf] lyof] .

s/La bz ldg]6 hlt lx+l8;s]kl5 ld; 6Ss cl8Og\ clg

kx]+nf af/Lsf kf6flt/ b]vfpFb} pgn] elgg\— æx]/ t Tof] tf]/Lsf]

km"n . km"nx¿ lsg km'N5g\, yfxf 5 ltdLx¿nfO{ <Æ pgn] km"nsf

ljleÌ efusf af/]df atfOg\— lkl:6n -ue{s]z/_ :6\ofd]g

-k'iks]z/_ . ljBfyL{x¿ af6f]5]p uP/ lgofnL lgofnL lg/LIf0f

ug{ yfn] . ld;n] k'tnLn] km"nnfO{ s;/L km'Ng ;3fpF5g\ aÌ]

s'/f atfOg\ . jf:tjd} k'tnLx¿ Toltj]nf Psbd Jo:t b]lvGy] .

To;kl5 u'?cfdf km]l/ lx+8\g yflng\ . ljBfyL{ klg km"n

x]g{ 5f]8]/ p7] . s;}n] eGof]— æof] s] /] < ue{s]z/ x}g < lsg

lkl:6n eGof xf]nf < lk:tf]n h:tf] t b]lv+b}g t Û b]lvG5 / <Æ

tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ klg To:tf] b]lv+b}g eÌ] g} nfUof] . t/ c¿

ljBfyL{ h:t} pm s] s'/fdf ljZj:t eO{ eg] …:6\ofd]gÚ / …lkl:6nÚ

eg]sf dxŒjk"0f{ cË x'g\ .

csf]{ bz ldg]6 hlt pgLx¿ lx+l8;s]kl5 3gf ¿vx¿ ePsf]

kfs{ b]vf k¥of] . Tof] kfs{sf] aLrdf s'xf]ga'Rr' gfdsf] dlGb/

lyof] . dlGb/ kl/;/df k;]kl5 ljBfyL{ ljleÌ lbzfdf afFl8P .

ætf/f ‰/]sf] Ogf/ x]g]{ xf] <Æ ;fSsf]–rfgn] ;f]wL . tf]Qf]

:jfefljs ¿kdf p;sf] kl5 kl5 bu'/L .

Ogf/ 9'+ufn] agfPsf] h:tf] lyof] / hdLgdflysf] 3]/f

pgLx¿sf] 5ftL 5ftL;Dd cfpFYof] . To;sf] lasf]{ sf7sf] lyof] .

lasf]{ p7fP/ pgLx¿n] tn x]/] . tn cGwsf/ lyof] . tf]Qf]–

rfgn] 9'Ëf xf] ls l;d06Lsf] 8Nnf] h:tf] s]xL b]vL, t/ p;n]

;f]r] h:tf] rlDsO/x]sf] tf/fsf] s'g} gfdf]lgzfg lyPg . lgs}

a]/;Dd tn x]l/;s]kl5 p;n] ;f]wL— æltdLn] slxNo} Tof] tf/f

b]v]sL 5\of} <Æ

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 32 –

;fSsf]–rfgn] 6fpsf] xNnfpFb} egL— æcxF, 5}g .Æ

tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ nfUof]— ælsg grDs]sf] xf]nf ÛÆ Ps l5g

ljrf/ u/]kl5 p;n] egL— æ;'lt/x]sf] xf]nf .Æ

cfˆgf 7"N7"nf uf]nf cfFvf c¿ 7"nf] kfb}{ ;fSsf]–rfgn]

;f]wL— ætf/f klg ;'T5g\ / <Æ

æd]/f] ljrf/df tf/fx¿ lbpF;f] ;'T5g\ xf]nf, clg /ftel/

clg+bf] a;]/ rlDsG5g\Æ— tf]Qf]–rfgn] xTkt hjfkm lbO{ . ;fFRr}

s] xf], Tof] t p;nfO{ klg t yfxf lyPg .

To;kl5 ljBfyL{x¿ Ps} 7fpFdf hDdf eP / ;Fu} lx+8\g

yfn] . dlGb/sf] 9f]sfdf plePsf b'O{ j6f åf/kfn b]jtfsf d"lt{sf]

a8]dfgsf] e'F8L b]v]/ aRrfx¿ a];/L xfF;] . dlGb/sf] d'Vo xndf

clncln cFw]/f]df ePsf] a'4sf] d"lt{nfO{ ljl:dt eP/ x]/] . Pp6f

9'Ëfdf a8]dfgsf] kfOnfsf] 5fk lyof]— nfdf] gfs ePsf] y]ª\u'

-y]ª\u' s/La s/La xfd|f] cfsfz e}/jsf] h:tf] ¿kdf lrq0f

ul/Psf] x'G5_ b]ptfsf] kfOnf /] Û Tof] kfOnfdf cfˆgf] k}tfnf

/fv]/ x]/] ;a}n] . clg pgLx¿ kf]v/L jl/kl/ lx+8\g yfn]— 8'Ëfdf

s'lb/x]sf dflg;nfO{ …x]nf]Ú eGb} . clg lrxfg jl/kl/sf l6lnSs

6Ns]sf ;;fgf 9'Ëf lnP/ wLt d?Gh]n u§f v]n] . tf]Qf]–rfgsf

nflu ;a} yf]s gf}nf] lyof] . x/]s gofF rLhnfO{ p;n] 7"nf]

:j/n] :jfut u/L .

3fd 8'Ag nfu]kl5 æca kms{g] j]nf ef]Æ eg]/ u'?cfdfn]

elgg\ . v]tdf km'n]sf tf]/Lsf km"n / k}øo'Fsf ¿vsf] aLrsf] af6f]

eP/ ljBfyL{ :s"n kms]{ .

of] …:s"n jfsÚ af6 lj1fg, Oltxf; / hLjlj1fgsf cd"No

kf7x¿ l;ls/x]sf 5f}+ eÌ] s'/f tL slnnf ljBfyL{n] Toltj]nf

s] a'‰'g\ Û

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 33 –

:s"n uLt

tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ :s"n ‰g\–‰g\ crDdsf] nfUg yfNof] . x/]s

lbg :s"n hfg p;nfO{ olt xtf/f] x'GYof] ls lsg olt 9Lnf]

laxfg ePsf] xf]nf h:tf] nfUYof] p;nfO{ . clg 3/ k'Ug] lalQs}

pm /sL, cfdf / afaf;Fu :s"nsf af/] s'/f u/]/ yflSbgyL .

Tof] lbg p;n] s] s] u/L, s:tf] /dfOnf] eof], clg s] s]

crDdsf s'/f eP ;a atfpg yfNyL . p;sf s'/f ;'Gbf ;'Gbf

s]xL gnfu]kl5 yfs]/ cfdf elGyg\— æn 5f]/L, k'Uof] Û ukm ug{

5f]8]/ ca vfhf vfpm .Æ

gofF :s"ndf /fd|} afgL kl/;s] kl5 klg x/]s lbg 3/df

ukm nufpgnfO{ pml;t slt xf] slt s'/f x'Gy] . clg of] b]v]/

cfdf c;fWo} v'zL lyOg\ .

Ps lbg /]n r9]/ :s"n uO/x]sf] j]nf tf]Qf]sf] dgdf

crfgs Pp6f k|Zg hlGdof]— tf]df]Psf] :s"n uLt xf]nf ls

gxf]nf < of] s'/f oyfzSo l56f] yfxf kfpg p;nfO{ t'?Gt} :s"n

k'luof];\ h:tf] nfUof] . :s"n k'Ug c‰} b'O{ :6]zg afFsL eP klg

pm 9f]sf 5]p uP/ pleO{— :6]zgdf k'Ug] lalQs} 9f]sfaf6 cf]ln{g

eg]/ . cl3Nnf] :6]zgdf cf]ln{g'kg]{ Pshgf dlxnfn] 9f]sfdf

plePsL p;nfO{ b]lvg\ . pm cf]ln{g cfF6]sL xf]nf eÌ] 7flgg\

pgn] . t/ bf}8 k|ltof]lutfdf kf]lhzg lnP/ tof/ eP/ a;]sf]

v]nf8L h:t} xnrn gu/L a;]sf] b]Vbf 5Ss k/]/ tL dlxnf

kmtkmtfOg\— æs] efÚsL of] s]6L ÛÆ

6«]g ha :6]zgdf /f]lsof], tf]Qf]–rfg km'Q aflx/ lg:sL . c‰}

la:tf/} l3l;|/x]sf] 6«]gaf6 km'tL{;fy Pp6f v'§f] ‰f/]/ sG8S6/n]

…lho'ufcf]sf, lho'ufcf]sfÚ eg]/ lrRofpFb} ubf{ tf]Qf]–rfg eg] d"n

9f]sfaf6} aflxl/O;s]sL lyO{ .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 34 –

/]n l8Aafjfnf sIff sf]7fdf k:g] lalQs} ToxfF k'lu;s]sf]

tfOhL ofdfgf]prL;Fu p;n] ;f]wL— ætfO–rfg, of] :s"nsf] :s"n

uLt 5 ls 5}g <Æ

tfO–rfgnfO{ lkmlhS; ljifo v"a dg kYof]{ . p;n] Ps l5g

ud]/ eGof] æv}, 5}g h:tf] nfU5 .Æ

uDeL/ eP/ p;n] egL— æcf]xf] Û x'g'kg]{ lg Û d]/f] csf]{

:s"ndf t s:tf] /fd|f] uLt lyof] ÛÆ

clg 7"nf] :j/df pm ufpg yfnL —

ækfgL a? l5kl5k] xf]nf ;]Ghf]s' tfn}df

ulx/f] 8'a'NsL df5f}{+ xfdL 1fg ;/f]j/df .Æ

tf]Qf]–rfg klxn]sf] :s"ndf Psbd} 5f]6f] ;do dfq} k9]sL

lyO{ . uLtsf zAb klg lSni6 lyP . t/ p;nfO{ Tof] uLt

s07:y kfg{ eg] s]xL ufx|f] ePsf] lyPg– vf;u/L of] c+z

rflx+ .

tfO–rfg k|efljt eof] . ToltGh]n c¿ ljBfyL{ klg cfO;s]sf

lyP . tL ;a} g} Tof] uLtdf ePsf lSni6 zAbsf sf/0f k|efljt

eP .

æx]8;/sf]df hfpmF, :s"nsf] uLt agfpgÆ tf]Qf]–rfgn] k|:tfj

/fvL .

æhfpFm hfpFmÆ, eg]/ ;a}n] ;xdlt hgfP . clg tL ;a} nfOg

nfu]/ x]8df:6/sf] clkm; lt/ nfu] .

tf]Qf]–rfgn] csf]{ :s"nsf] uLt ufPsf] ;'lg;s]kl5 ljBfyL{sf]

cg'/f]wnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ x]8df:6/n] eg]— æn 7Ls 5 . ef]ln

laxfg;Dddf d ltdLx¿nfO{ Pp6f :s"n uLt lbG5' .Æ

aRrfx¿ b+u k/]/ Ps :j/n] s/fP— ækSsf x} t ÛÆ clg

km]l/ nfOg nfu]/ cfˆgf] Snf;df kmls{P .

ef]lnkN6 laxfg ;a} sIff sf]7fdf Pp6f ;"rgf 6fFl;Psf]

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 35 –

lyof]— …;a} hgf :s"nsf] d}bfgdf hDdf x'g' ÛÚ tf]Qf]–rfg /

c¿ ;a} rdrd x'Fb} b+u k/]/ lgl:sP . d}bfgsf] aLrdf Pp6f

ANofsaf]8{ 78\ofP/ x]8df:6/n] eg]— æn x} t Û ltdLx¿sf] :s"n

tf]df]Psf] uLt oxL xf] caÆ pgn] kfFr j6f ;dfgfGt/ w;f{x¿

tfg]/ tnsf] gf]6 n]v] .

clg ;+uLt lgb]{zs ‰}+ b'j} xft p7fP/ eg]— æn, ca ;a}

ldn]/ Ps :j/df of] uLt ufpFm .Æ

x]8df:6/n] tfn lbP/ nL8 u/], clg :s"ndf ePe/sf krf;}

hgfn] ;fy lbP .

ætf]–df]–P, tf]–df]–P, tf]–df]–P ÛÆ

Ps l5g /f]lsP kl5 tf]Qf]n] ;f]wL— æolt dfq} <Æ

x]8df:6/n] ;uj{ eg]— æxf], olQ xf] .Æ

Psbd lbSs dfGb} tf]Qf]n] egL— æcln dHhfsf] zAbx¿

ePsf] eP x'GYof] lg— …kfgL a? l5kl5k] xf]nf===Ú h:tf] .Æ

æltdLnfO{ dg k/]g <Æ cg'xf/ clnslt /ftf] kf/] klg

d':s'/fpFb} x]8df:6/n] eg]— ædnfO{ t of] kf] /fd|f] nfUof] t ÛÆ

jf:tjdf s;}n] dg k/fPg . clt g} ;fwf/0f lyof] of]

uLt . o:tf] ;fwf/0f uLt x'g'eGbf t a? gePs} a]; eÌ] nfUof]

xf]nf ;a}nfO{ .

x]8df:6/ s]xL lg/fz eP, t/ k6Ss} l/;fPgg\ . clg pgL

cfkm}+n] uLt d]6\g yfn] . tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ x]8;/k|ltsf] cfkm"x¿n]

u/]sf] Jojxf/ s]xL ?vf] eP h:tf] t nfUof], t/ cfˆgf] lbdfudf

c¿sf eGbf cfsif{s ljrf/ eP h:tf] klg 7fgL p;n] .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 36 –

jf:tjdf tL aRrfx¿ / :s"nk|lt x]8df:6/sf] slt w]/} :g]x

lyof] eÌ] s'/f s'g} s'/fn] klg cleJoQm ug{ ;Sg] lyPg . t/

aRrfx¿ of] a'´g ;Sg] pd]/sf eg] c‰} eO;s]sf lyPgg\ .

:s"n uLt rflxG5 eÌ] s'/f pgLx¿n] l5§} g} la;]{ . x]8df:6/nfO{

;DejtM o;sf] cfjZostfaf]w g} slxNo} ePg . To;}n], ha

Tof] uLt ANofsaf]8{af6 d]l6of], of] s'/fs} cGTo eof] . tf]df]P

ufs'Pgsf] cfˆgf] :s"n–uLt slxNo} x'Fb} ePg .

…;a} km]l/ ToxL+ /fvÚ

tf]Qf]–rfgn] olt s8f ldlxg]t lhGbuLd} slxNo} u/]sL

lyOg\ .

p;nfO{ dg kg]{ Kof/f] y}nL zf}rfnodf v:of]— x/], s:tf]

lbg Û Tof] y}nLdf Ps k};f klg lyPg, t/ p;sf] lglDt Tof]

y}nL slt Kof/f] lyof] eg] rkL{df hfFbf klg pm Tof] ;fy} nfg

5'6fpFlbgyL . /ftf], kx]+nf] / xl/of] a'§f ePsf] l6lnSs 6lNsg]

6fkm]6f -tkmtf jf afSnf] /]zd_ n] ag]sf] Tof] y}nL ;fFRr} g}

;'Gb/ lyof] . Tof] r]K6f] rf/kf6] y}nLsf] km:g/sf] 6'Kkfdf lrl6Ss

k/]sf] tLgs'g] ˆNofk -t'gf_ lyof] / To;nfO{ Pp6f /fd|f] s's'/sf]

a'§fn] l;+uf/]sf] lyof] .

tf]Qf]–rfgsf] Pp6f cgf}7f] afgL lyof] . aRr}b]lv pm

6\jfOn]6 hfFbf sfd ;lsg] lalQs} lgx'/]/ rkL{sf] Kjfndf x]g]{

uyL{ . p;sf] Tof] afgLsf sf/0f :s"n hfg yfNg' cl3 g}

p;n] y'k|} 6f]kL rkL{df v;fO;s]sL lyO{ . Pp6f t /fd|f] ;]tf]

t'gf ePsf] k/fnsf] Xof6 lyof] . pltj]nf hfkfgsf rkL{x¿df

clxn]sf] h:tf] ˆnz x'Fb}gYof] . v'nf gfnL h:tf] x'GYof] / p;sf]

v;]sf] 6f]kL ToxL+ t}l//xGYof] . 6\jfOn]6 ;lsP kl5 To;/L lgx'/]/

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 37 –

gx]g'{ eg]/ cfdfn] w]/}rf]l6 tf]Qf]nfO{ eg]sL klg lyOg\Ù t/ lsg

xf] lsg p;n] cfˆgf] afgL ;'wfg}{ ;lsg .

Tof] lbg rflx+ Snf; z'¿ x'g'eGbf cl3 pm 6\jfOn]6 uPsL

lyO{ . cfdfn] ;D‰fPsf] la;]{/ pm km]l/ rkL{sf] Kjfn x]g{ yfnL .

ToxL j]nf p;sf] xft v's'nf] eP5 ls s'lÌ, p;sf] y}nL xftaf6

lrKn]/ ˆofQ zf}rfnosf] Kjfndf ‰¥of] . rkL{leqsf] cFWof/f]df

Tof] x/fpFb} ubf{ tf]Qf] a];/L lrRofO{ .

t/ pm ?g rflxg, / y}nLnfO{ TolQs} u'dfpg klg rflxg .

pm kfn]bfOsf] sf]7fdf uO{ / km"ndf kfgL nufpg] nfdf] la+8

ePsf] sf7sf] ‰f/L lnP/ kmsL{ . p;n] e]6]sf] Tof] cf}hf/ pm

cfkm}+eGbf bf]Aa/ 7"nf] lyof] . t/ pm k6Ss} xtf]T;flxt eOg .

Tof] af]s]/ :s"nsf] kl5lNt/ uO{ / rkL{sf] 9n aUg] af6f] vf]Hg

yfnL . kvf{nd} To:tf] s'g} Kjfn xf]nf kmf]xf]/ aUg] eÌ] p;n]

7fg]sL lyO{ . t/ lgs} a]/ nufP/ vf]h] klg p;sf] ldlxg]t

a]sf/ eof] . lgs}a]/ kl5 dfq p;n] kvf{naf6 ‰08} b'O{ xft

hlt aflx/ Pp6f dËfnsf] 9sgL b]vL . lgs} an u/]/ Tof]

9sgL vf]n] kl5 p;n] Pp6f Kjfn b]vL— p;n] vf]lh/x]sf] Kjfn

oxL xf] eÌ] p;nfO{ nfUof] . p;n] lgx'/]/ dËfn leq x]/L .

æcf]xf] Û of] t s'xf]ga'Rr'sf] kf]v/L hq} 7"nf] kf] /}5Æ p;n]

cfkm}+;Fu egL .

clg p;n] cfˆgf] sfd z'¿ u/L . Tof] uGw] kf]v/Lleq

p;n] NofPsf] cf}hf/ cf]8fNg yfnL . z'¿df p;n] y}nL v;fPsf]

7fpFdf vf]hL . t/ tLg–tLg j6f rkL{sf] kmf]xf]/ y'lk|g] Tof] ;]lK6s

6\of+s a8]dfgsf] lyof], ulx/f] klg TolQs}, cFw]/f] klg TolQs} .

6fpsf] cln leq;Dd k;fP/ x]¿F eg] cfkm}+ v:g] 8/ . clg Tof]

cf}hf/n] kmf]xf]/ cf]8fNb}, 6\ofÍLsf] 5]pdf y'kfb}{ ug{ yfnL— st}

y}nL klg cfOxfN5 ls eÌ] cfzfdf .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 38 –

x/]s rf]l6 p;n] lgsfn]sf] kmf]xf]/sf] y'k|f]nfO{ pm /fd|/L

x]yL{— y}nL 5 ls t eg]/ . y}nL e]6\g oltsf a]/ nfUnf eÌ]

p;n] lrtfPs} lyOg, t/ To;sf] t st} gfdf]lgzfg} lyPg .

stf uof] xf]nf t < ptf eg] sIff z'¿ x'g] 306L alhxfNof] .

ca s] ug]{ xf]nf Û oltsf a]/ nufO;s]sfn] p;n] sfd

ul//xg] lg0f{o u/L . c¿ hf]8tf]8n] kmf]xf]/ lgsfNg yfnL .

x]8df:6/ ToxL af6f] cfOk'u]5g\ stfaf6 . ToltGh]n e'O{+df

kmf]xf]/sf] 7"nf] y'k|f] hDdf eO;s]sf] lyof] .

pgn] tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ ;f]w]— æs] ul//fÚ xF ltdL <Æ

pm eg] Ps l5g klg g/f]lsOsg sfdd} h'6L/xL / egL—

æd]/f] y}nL v:of] .Æ

x]8df:6/n] æP˜˜Æ dfq} eg] / ;w}+ ‰}+ xft k5fl8 /fv]/

lx+8] .

;do lalt/Xof]— p;n] k;{ km]nf kfl/g .

Tof] b'u{GwL kmf]xf]/sf] y'k|f] ‰g\ ‰g\ 7"nf] eO/x]sf] lyof] .

x]8df:6/ km]l/ kms]{/ cfP / ;f]w]— æe]6\of} t <Æ

cl;gkl;g ePsL tf]Qf]–rfgn] /ftf] d'v agfP/ Tof] kmf]xf]/sf]

y'k|f] aLrdf pleP/ egL— æcxF ÛÆ

glhs} cfP/ ldqjt\ :j/df x]8df:6/n] eg] æsfd ;lsP

kl5 of] kmf]xf]/ hlt ;a} km]l/ ToxL+ xflNbG5\of} xf]nf lg, xf]Og <Æ

clg km]l/ cl3 h:t} lx+8] .

v'zL x'Fb} tf]Qf]–rfgn] eg] æx;\ ÛÆ clg km]l/ cfˆgf] sfddf

nfuL . clg crfgs p;nfO{ nfUof]— of] kmf]xf]/sf] y'k|f]af6 ;fx|f]

kmf]xf]/ t xfn'Fnf . t/ kmf]xf]/ kfgL lg ÛÆ

Tof] kmf]xf]/sf] kfgL hlt ;a} e'O{+d} x/fO/x]sf] lyof] . clg

p;n] sfd ug{ 5f]8]/ ;f]Rg yfnL— Tof] kfgL rflx+ s;/L

6\ofÍLdf lkmtf{ xfNg] xf]nf Û x]8df:6/nfO{ t p;n] jrg

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 39 –

lbO;s]sL 5 . clg cGTodf p;n] lg0f{o u/L Tof] leh]sf]

df6f]nfO{ g} 6\ofÍLdf xflnlbg] .

x'Fbf x'Fbf Tof] kmf]xf]/sf] y'k|f] kxf8} h:tf] eof] / 6\ofÍL s/La

s/La l/Qf] g} eof] . t/ y}nLsf] st} s'g} gfdf]lgzfg lyPg .

zfob 6\ofÍLsf] km]bdf jf st} 5]pdf Tof] 6fFl:;Psf] lyof] .

t/ tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ s'g} kjf{x lyPg . cfkm"n] ;s] hlt u/]sf]df

pm v'zL lyO{ . p;sf] ;Gt'li6sf] sf/0f lgM;Gb]x x]8df:6/sf]

Jojxf/ lyof] . pgn] xsfg'{sf] ;§f pmdfly ljZjf; u/]/ p;nfO{

cfTd;Ddfgsf] cg'e"lt u/fOlbPsf lyP . t/ tf]Qf]–rfg cfkm}+ eg]

of] s'/f a'´g ;Ifd lyOg .

c¿ 7"nf dflg;x¿ ePsf eP tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ Tof] l:yltdf b]Vbf

kSs} klg æP, s] u¥of of] <Æ eg]/ s/fpFy] xf]nfg\ . cyjf æP,

To;f] gu/, nl8PnfÆ eGy] xf]nfg\ . ls t d2t ug{ cfpFy] xf]nfg\ .

t/ x]8;/n] rflx+ æsfd ;lsP kl5 of] kmf]xf]/nfO{ km]l/

ToxL+ vGofOlbG5\of} lg xf]OgÆ dfq eg] . Tof] lbgsf] syf tf]Qf]–

rfgaf6 ;a} ;'lg;s] kl5 cfdfn] ;f]lrg\— æcf]xf] s:tf] uhasf]

x]8df:6/ ÛÆ

Tof] 36gf kl5 tf]Qf]–rfgn] cfrL ul/;s]kl5 slxNo}

lgx'/]/ rkL{sf] Kjfn x]l/g . clg p;nfO{ nfUof] x]8df:6/nfO{

k"0f{ ljZjf; u/] x'G5 . ;w}+ eGbf c‰} a9L dg k/fpg yfnL

pgnfO{ .

tf]Qf]–rfgn] cfˆgf] jrg /fvL / kmf]xf]/ hlt ;a} km]l/

;]lK6s 6\ofÍLd} vGofO{ . lgsfNg] j]nfdf s:tf] ufx|f] ePsf]

lyof] . t/ lkmtf{ xfNg] sfd eg] l5§} l;l4of] . clnslt leh]sf]

df6f] ;d]t p;n] vGofO{ . clg p;n] e'O{+nfO{ ;DofO{, dËfnsf]

9sgL nufO{ / kfn] bfOsf] sf]7faf6 NofPsf] Hofjn ToxL+ nu]/

/flvlbO{ .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 40 –

Tof] /ft ;'Tg] j]nfdf tf]Qf]–rfgn] rkL{df x/fPsf] cfˆgf]

;'Gb/ y}nL ;D‰L . Tof] x/fPsf]df pm b'MvL lyO{ . t/ lbgel/sf]

ldlxg]tn] pm olt yfs]sL lyO{ ls t'?Gt lgGb|fn] e':s'6 eO{ .

Tolt g} v]/ p;n] lbgel/ sfd u/]sf] Tof] ynf]sf] leh]sf]

e'O{+ eg] h"gsf] pHofnf]df s'g} ;'Gb/ rLh ‰}+ 6lNs/x]sf] lyof] .

clg y}nL eg] st} lt/ r'krfk cf/fd ul//x]sf] lyof] .

tf]Qf]–rfgsf] gfd

tf]Qf]–rfgsf] ;fFRr}sf] gfd t]Rr'sf] lyof] . pm hlGdg' cl3

cfdf / afafsf ;fyL clg gft]bf/x¿ 5f]/f hlGdG5 eg]/ 9'Ss

lyP . klxnf] aRrf ePsfn] pgLx¿n] klg kTofPsf lyP . To;}n],

hlGdg nfu]sf] aRrfsf] gfd pgLx¿n] …tf]?Ú /fVg] lg0f{o u/] .

5f]/L hlGdPkl5 pgLx¿nfO{ clnslt gdHhf nfUof] . t/ …tf]?Ú

sf] lrlgofF cIf/ pgLx¿nfO{ dg k/]sfn] To;sf] csf]{ pRrf/0f

t]Rr' c+uLsf/ u/]/ To;df s]6L hgfpg …sf]Ú yk] .

clg o;/L ;a}n] p;nfO{ t]Rr'sf]–rfg eÌ yfn] . 7"nf

dflg;sf] gfd k5fl8 ;Ddfghgs …;fgÚ yk] h:t}, s]6fs]6Lsf]

gfd k5fl8 :g]x hgfpg] …rfgÚ ylkG5 . t/ p;}n] eg]sf] ;'Gbf

eg] t]Rr'sf] eg] h:tf] nfUb}gYof] . s;}n] p;sf] gfd ;f]Wbf pm

eGyL …d]/f] gfd tf]Qf]–rfg .Ú …rfgÚ klg cfˆgf] gfds} c+z xf]nf

eÌ] p;nfO{ nfu]sf] lyof] .

afafn] s'g} s'g} j]nf p;nfO{ s]6fx¿nfO{ h:tf] …tf]RsLÚ eg]/

af]nfpFy] . …tf]RsL, cfOh t, km"naf6 sL/f x6fpg dnfO{ ;3f .Ú

t/ afaf / /sL afx]s c¿ ;a}n] eg] p;nfO{ tf]Qf]–rfg eg]/

af]nfpg yfn]sf lyP . cfˆgf sfkLdf gfd n]Vbf t]Rr'sf] n]v]

tfklg p;nfO{ cfˆgf] gfd tf]Qf] g} xf] eg] h:tf] nflu/Xof] .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 41 –

/]l8of] sd]l8og

tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ Ps lbg g/dfOnf] nfUof] . …cab]lv tF

/]l8of]sf] k|x;g sfo{qmd g;'g\Ú eg]/ cfdfn] pbL{ hf/L u/]sL

lyOg\ .

tf]Qf]–rfg ;fgL x'Fbf p j]nfsf /]l8of] 7"nf / sf7n] ag]sf

x'Gy] . x]bf{ lgs} zfnLg x'Gy] tL . rf/kf6] k|m]d x'GYof] clg dfly

eg] af6'nf] eP/ df]l8Psf] x'GYof] . cl3lNt/ 7"nf] :kLs/ x'GYof]

u'nfaL /]zd / s'Fb]sf] a'§] a]na'§fn] 5f]k]sf] . /]l8of]sf k|x;g

v'a xfF;f]p7\bf] nfUy] p;nfO{ . o;eGbf cl3 cfdfn] Tof] g;'g\

eg]/ slxNo} eg]sL lyOgg\ .

ePsf] s] lyof] eg] afafsf cs]{i6«fsf ;fyLx¿ cfPsf lyP—

pgLx¿s} 3/df ;Fu;Fu} :6«Lª Sjf6]{6 ahfpg .

æ5f]/L, x]/ t Û ;]nf] ahfpg] r"g];fbf tflrafgfn] tFnfO{ s]/f

NofOlbg'ePsf] 5 .Æ

tf]Qf]–rfg b+u k/L . lgx'/]/ tflrafgfnfO{ 9f]u]kl5 wGojfb

JoQm ug{ eg]/ /]l8of]sf hf]s/x¿sf] l;sf] ub}{ egL— æcf] xf] Û

cfdf Û oL s]/f t RjfFs kf] /Ú5g\ t xlu <Æ

5f]/Lsf] efiff / af]nLjrg g} laufg{ yfNof] /]l8of]sf] k|x;gn]

eg]/ cfdfn] Tof] ;'Ì aGb]h nufOlbOg\ . To;kl5 cfdf afaf

aflx/ uPsf j]nf dfq} n'sLn'sL ;'Ì yfnL . Toltj]nf a];/L lbn

vf]n]/ xfF:yL pm . 7"nf dflg;x¿n] b]v]sf] eP oqL km"RrLn] s;/L

olt ufx|f] 7§f a'‰]sL xf]nL eg]/ 5Ss kbf{ x'g\ . t/ aRrfx¿df

klg xFl;dhfssf] g};lu{s efj x'G5 eÌ] s'/fdf s'g} zÍf 5}g .

hlt;'s} ;fgf] eP tfklg s'g rLh ;fFRr} g} xfF;f]p7\bf] / /dfOnf]

x'G5 eÌ] s'/f pgLx¿ ;xh} a'´5g\ .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 42 –

/]nsf yk l8Aaf

ldof]–rfgn] nGrsf] j]nfdf egL– æcfh /flt /]nsf] gofF

l8Aaf cfpF5 .Æ x]8df:6/sL ;flx+nL 5f]/L lyO{ ldof]–rfg, pm

tf]Qf]–rfgs} Snf;df k9\yL .

ToxfF Snf;?d agfPsf ^ j6f l8Aaf klxNo}b]lv lyP . ca

km]l/ csf]{ klg cfpFb} lyof] . ldof]–rfgn] eg] cg';f/ of] rflx+

k':tsfno agfpg] /] Û Tof] ;'g]/ ;a bË k/] .

s;}n] eGof]— æs'g af6f] eP/ cfpg] xf]nf xlu, Tof] 8Aaf ÛÆ

a8f] ufx|f] k|Zg lyof] of] . Ps l5g ;a r"k eP .

s;}n] eGof]— æcf]OdfrL nfOgaf6 cfpg] xf]nf clg otf

kmls{g] xf]nf .Æ

æTo;f] ubf{ t lns 5f]8\g'kg]{ x'G5 lg t ÛÆ csf]{n] eGof] .

æuf8fdf /fv]/ Nofpg] xf]nf lg ÛÆ csf]{n] c8\sn sf6\of] .

t'?Gt} csf]{n] z+sf u¥of]— æToqf] a8]dfgsf] uf8f sxfF

x'G5 t lg ÛÆ

æTo;f] xf]Og xf]nf===Æ

cg]s ljrf/x¿ cfpg yfn] . aRrfx¿nfO{ nfUof] uf8fsf] t

s] s'/f, s'g} 6«sdf klg /]nsf] l8Aaf c6fpFb}g .

lgs} a]/ ;f]r]/ tf]Qf]n] egL— ælns . lns la5\ofpF5g\ xf]nf

lg oxfF :s"n ;Dd} .Æ

æsxfF b]lv <Æ s;}n] ;f]Wof] .

æsxfFaf6 /] < clxn] 6«]g hxfF 5, ToxL+af6 lg ÛÆ tf]Qf]n]

eGg t egL, t/ dgdg} eg] of] s'/f ldn]sf] 5}g eÌ] nfUg

yfln;s]sf] lyof] p;nfO{ . /]nsf] Tof] 8Aaf sxfFaf6 cfpg] xf]

eÌ] s'/fsf] s'g} d];f] lyPg p;nfO{ . hxfFaf6 cfP klg lns

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 43 –

la5\ofpgsf lglDt af6f]df kg]{ 3/ hlt ;a} eTsfpg], ¿v hlt

;a} sf6\g] t xf]Og xf]nf Û

cg]s c8\snafhLdf cfwfl/t lgs} a]/;Ddsf] lg/y{s

ax;kl5 s]6fs]6Lx¿n] Tof] lbg 3/ guO{ 8Aaf gcfpGh]n kv]{/

a:g] / s;/L cfpFbf] /x]5 cfkm}+ x]g]{ eGg] lg0f{o u/] . t/ /ft

gk?Gh]n :s"nd} kv]{/ a:g ldN5 ls ldNb}g eGg] pgLx¿nfO{

yfxf lyPg . x]8df:6/nfO{ ;f]Wg k7fpg ;a}n] ldof]–rfgnfO{

5fg] . lgs} a]/ nufP/ dfq pm kms]{/ cfO{ .

ægofF 8Aaf t /flt c¿ ;a} 6«]g u'8\g 5fl8;s] kl5 lgs}

9Lnf] dfq cfOk'U5 /]Æ, p;n] egL, æx]g{ rfxg] hltn] klxn] 3/

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 44 –

hfg] /] . clg 3/df afafcfdf dfÌ'eof] eg] ;'Tbf nfpg] n'uf

/ cf]9\g] ;d]t lnP/ cfpg] /] ÛÆ

aRrfx¿ rlDs+b} s/fP æcf] xf] ÛÆ

æ/flt ;'Tg] n'uf Nofpg] eÌ' ef] ;/n] <Æ

æclg l;/s klg <Æ

Tof] lbg lbgel/ sf]xL klg cfˆgf] kf7df s]lGb|t x'g

;s]gg\ . tf]Qf]–rfgsf] Snf;sf ;a} s]6fs]6L ;Lw} 3/ uP .

/flt l;/s / ;'Tg] n'uf lnP/ kms{g kfOPnf / ;a}sf] km]l/ e]6

xf]nf eÌ] cfzf lyof] pgLx¿nfO{ .

3/ k'Ug] lalQs} tf]Qf]n] xtf/ xtf/ cfdfnfO{ egL— æ6«]g

cfpg] /] Û === s;/L cfpF5=== xfdL s;}nfO{ yfxf 5}g . ;'Tg]

n'uf === / l;/s . === d hfpmF x} <Æ

p;sf] o:tf] s'/f s;n] a'‰f];\ < tf]Qf]–rfgsL cfdfn] s]xL

a'l‰gg\ . t/ 5f]/Lsf] cg'xf/ uDeL/ b]v]kl5 eg] s]xL cgf}7}

eO/x]sf] /x]5 eÌ] pgn] cg'dfg ul/g\ .

cfdfn] tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ cg]s s'/f ;f]lwg\ / lgs} a]/kl5 dfq}

pgn] s'/f] a'l‰g\ . pgnfO{ klg nfUof] tf]Qf]–rfgn] of] ;a} x]g'{ g}

/fd|f] x'G5 . o:tf] df}sf af/Daf/ cfpg] xf]Og . a? cfkm}+n] klg

x]g{ kfP x'GYof] h:tf] nfUof] pgnfO{ .

cfdfn] tf]Qf]–rfgsf] ;'Tg] n'uf / sDan lgsflng\ / vfgf

VjfPkl5 p;nfO{ :s"n k'¥ofOlbOg\ . hDdf hDdL bz hgf hlt

ljBfyL{ lyP . Ps b'O{ hgf ljBfyL{sf cfdfx¿ klg ;Fu} cfPsf

lyP . pgLx¿ klg :s"nd} a:g kfP x'GYof] h:tf] ub}{ lyP . t/

cGTodf x]8df:6/sf] lhDdfdf s]6fs]6LnfO{ 5f8]/ pgLx¿ ;a} g}

3/} kms]{ .

æcfP kl5 d ltdLx¿nfO{ lapF‰fpFnf .Æ P;]DAnL xndf cf–cfˆgf]

sDandf a]l/P/ ;'t]sf aRrfx¿nfO{ x]8df:6/n] cfZj:t agfP .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 45 –

6«]g s;/L cfpg] xf]nf eÌ] v'Nb'nL eO/x]sf] j]nf s;/L

lgbfpg ;lsPnf / eÌ] aRrfx¿nfO{ nfu]sf] lyof] .

t/ lgs} a]/sf] 56k6Lkl5 aRrfx¿ a];/L yfs]sf lyP .

t'?Gt} pgLx¿nfO{ ‰d‰d lgGb|f nfUof] . ædnfO{ p7fpg' x} ÛÆ eÌ}

gEofO{ pgLx¿ lgbfP .

æn cfof], cfof] ÛÆ

xNnfn] tf]Qf]–rfg lapF‰L / h¥ofsh'?s p7]/ :s"nsf] d}bfg

x'Fb} d"n9f]sfaf6 aflx/ lg:sL . laxfgLsf] l‰;ld;]df Pp6f

a8]dfgsf] /]nsf] 8Aaf cfO/x]sf] b]lvof] . ;kgf h:tf] nfUof]

p;nfO{— s'g} lns gePsf] ;8saf6 ljgf cfjfh 6«]g cfO/x]sf]

lyof] .

cf]OdfrL nfOg l8kf]af6 Pp6f 7"nf] 6«]n/df /fv]/ Pp6f

6«ofS6/n] tfg]/ NofO/x]sf] lyof] . 6«]n/nfO{ tfÌ] …6«ofS6/Ú gfdsf]

s'g} rLh x'Fbf] /x]5 eÌ] s'/f tf]Qf]–rfg nufot ;a}n] ToxL

j]nf dfq yfxf kfP . 6«ofS6/ 7"nf] lyof]— uf8feGbf t stf

xf] stf 7"nf] .

laxfgsf] ;'g;fg ;8sdf 6«]n/ dfly r9]sf] Tof] /]nsf]

8Aaf lj:tf/} lj:tf/} glhls+b} lyof] .

Ps l5gd} xNnLvNnL x'g yfNof] . Tof] hdfgfdf 7"N7"nf qm]g

x'Fb}gy] . To;}n] 6«]n/af6 To;nfO{ ‰fg'{ 7"n} sfd lyof] . To;nfO{

lnP/ cfpg] dfG5]x¿n] 8Aafsf] tn y'k|} d"9f /fv] / 6«]n/nfO{

‰f/]/ u'8fpFb} :s"n xftfleq k;fP .

æ/fd|f];Fu x]/Æ, x]8df:6/n] eg] . æ/f]n/ eG5g\ To;nfO{ .

Tof] 8AafnfO{ ;fg{ /f]lnª kfj/ cyf{t\ u'8\g] zlQmsf] pkof]u

ul/Psf] 5 .Æ

s]6fs]6Ln] lgs} Wofgk"j{s of] ;a x]/] .

æxf]:6], x}+;]Æ eGb} tL sfdbf/x¿ sfd ul//x]sf lyP . /

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 46 –

pgLx¿sf] xf]:6]–x}+;]df tfn ldnfpFb} laxfgsf] ;"o{ klg la:tf/}

la:tf/} dfly pl7/x]sf] lyof] .

o;/L klxNo}b]lv :s"ndf ePsf c¿ ^ j6f 8Aaf h:t}

cgluGtL dflg;x¿nfO{ af]ls;s]sf] of] gofF 8Aafsf] klg 3'dGt]

hLjgsf] cGTo eof] . ca pk|fGt o;n] aRrfx¿sf] xfF;f]sf]

cfjfh dfq af]Sg] eof] .

;'Tg] n'uf nufP/ laxfgLsf] 3fddf plePsf aRrfx¿ cfˆgf]

v'zL yfDg} ;ls/x]sf lyPgg\ . tL tn–dfly tn–dfly pk|mFb},

/dfpFb} ul/ /x]sf lyP . slxn] x]8df:6/sf] ub{gdf ‰'l08Gy],

slxn] pgsf] xftdf kLª v]Ny] .

aRrfx¿sf] of] …oftgfÚn] v'§f wd{/fO/x]sf x]8df:6/ /dfP/

d';'d';' xfFl;/x]sf lyP . pgsf] d':sfg b]v]/ aRrfx¿ ‰g\ /dfpFb}

d':s'/fO/x]sf lyP .

To;j]nfsf] Tof] /dfOnf] If0f lhGbuLe/ s;}n] la;]{g .

kf}8L kf]v/L

Tof] lbg tf]Qf]–rfgsf lglDt hLjgs} dxŒjk"0f{ lbg lyof] .

Tof] lbg tf]Qf]–rfgn] klxnf] k6s kf}8]sL lyO{ . Tof] klg gfË}

e't'Ë} .

laxfgsf] s'/f xf] . x]8df:6/n] ;a}nfO{ eg]— æcrfgs lgs}

udL{ x'g yfNof] . kf}8L kf]v/Ldf kfgL el/lbpFm ls h:tf] nfUof]

dnfO{ .Æ

æjfp ÛÆ aRrfx¿ ;a} s/fP/ tn–dfly plk|mg yfn] . tf]Qf]–

rfg / klxnf] sIffsf ljBfyL{ klg æjfpÆ eg]/ s/fP / 7"nf]

Snf;sf ljBfyL{ eGbf c¿ a9L /dfP/ plk|mg yfn] . tf]df]Psf]

kf}8L kf]v/L cGtsf] h:tf] ldn]sf] rf/kf6] lyPg Psflt/ cln

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 47 –

;fF3'/f] lyof] . s/La s/La 8'Ëfsf] cfsf/sf] lyof] of] kf]v/L .

zfob Tof] hUufsf] cfsf/n] ubf{ xf]nf . h] xf];\, of] kf]v/L 7"nf]

lyof] / uhasf] lyof] . sIff sf]7fx¿ / P;]DAnL–xnsf] aLrdf

lyof] Tof] .

Tof] lbg Snf; rn'Gh]n klg tf]Qf]–rfg / p;sf ;a}

;fyLx¿ j]nfj]nfdf ´ofnaf6 ;'6'Ss Tof] kf]v/LnfO{ x]y]{ . vfnL

ePsf] j]nfdf afFsL v]n d}bfg h:t} Tof] klg ;'s]sf kftx¿n]

el/Psf] x'GYof] . clxn] ;kmf ePkl5 / kfgL el/g yfn]kl5 eg]

;fFRr}sf] kf}8Lkf]v/L h:tf] b]lvg yfn]sf] lyof] .

cflv/ lbpF;f]sf] vfg] j]nf eof] . aRrfx¿ kf]v/L jl/kl/

hDdf eO;s]kl5 x]8df:6/n] eg]— æca clnslt Jofofd u/]/

xfdL kf}l8g yfnf}+ .Æ

tf]Qf]–rfgn] ;f]rL— ækf}l8gnfO{ :jLd;"6 rflx+b}g xf]nf <Æ

cfdf / afaf;Fu sfdfs'/f uPsf] j]nfdf p;n] cfˆgf] ;fydf

:jLd;"6 / Pp6f /a/sf] /Lª clg c¿ s] s] nu]sL lyO{ .

lzIfsx¿n] :jLd;"6 Nofpg' eg]sf kf] lyP ls, eg]/ p;n]

;D‰g] k|oTg u/L .

ToxL j]nf p;sf] dg g} a'‰] ‰}+ u/]/ x]8df:6/n] eg]—

æ:jLd;"6sf] kL/ gu/ . P;]DAnL xndf uP/ vf]h] x'G5 .Æ

tf]Qf]–rfg / klxnf] sIffsf aRrfx¿ P;]DAnL xndf k'Ubf

pgLx¿ eGbf 7"nf aRrfx¿ g'xfpg] j]nfdf h:t} u/L /dfpFb}

lrRofpFb} n'uf vf]ln/x]sf lyP . pgLx¿ gfË} e't'Ë} :s"nsf]

v]n–d}bfgdf bu'l//x]sf lyP .

tf]Qf]–rfg / p;sf ;fyLx¿n] klg To;} u/] . Gofgf] xfjfdf

s]xL n'uf gnufO{ lx+8\g' /dfOnf] cg'e"lt lyof] . pgLx¿ P;]DAnL xn

aflx/sf] v'8\lsnf]df k'Ubf c¿x¿ jfd{–ck ug{ yfln;s]sf lyP .

tf]Qf]–rfg / p;sf ;fyLx¿ vfnL v'§f v'8\lsnf cf]ln{g yfn] .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 48 –

kf}8L l;sfpg] u'? ldof]–rfgsf 7"NbfO lyP . pgL

lhDGofl:6ssf ljz]if1 lyP . pgL tf]df]Pdf t lyPgg\, t/

o'lgel;{6Lsf] kf}8L 6Lddf lyP . pgsf] / :s"nsf] Pp6} gfd

lyof]— tf]df]P . tf]df]P–;fgn] kf}8L v]Ng] n'uf nufPsf lyP .

Jofofd kl5 pgLx¿sf] z/L/df rL;f] kfgL vGofpFbf aRrfx¿

lrRofP . clg kf}8L kf]v/Ldf kmfn xfg] . tf]Qf]–rfgn] c¿x¿nfO{

/fd|/L x]/L / cfkm"n] klg ;S5' eÌ] nfu]kl5 dfq} kf]v/Ldf k;L .

kfgL tftf] geP klg kf]v/L 7"nf] / /dfOnf] lyof] . xft km}nfpFbf

;d]t s'g} leQf] e}l6+b}gYof]— s]jn kfgL dfq lyof] .

aRrfx¿ sf]xL b'Anf lyP, sf]xL df]6f, s]6fx¿ lyP, s]6Lx¿

klg lyP . ;a} ;a} g} v'zL eP/ s/fO/x]sf lyP / …hGdlbgsf]

n'ufÚdf kfgL 5\oflk/x]sf lyP .

tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ a];/L /dfOnf] nfUof] Û slt dhf Û /sLnfO{

:s"n Nofpg gkfPsf]df eg] p;nfO{ gdhf nfUof] . :jLd;"6

ljgf g} kfgLdf kmfn xfÌ kfOG5 eÌ] yfxf kfsf] eP pm kSs}

cfpFbf] xf] .

x]8df:6/n] lsg ljBfyL{nfO{ gfË} kf}l8g lbPsf xf]nfg\ eÌ]

tkfO{+nfO{ nfu]sf] xf]nf . o;af/] s'g} vf; lgod lyPg . cfˆgf]

:jLd;"6 lnP/ cfPsf] eP klg 7Ls} x'GYof]— s]xL lyPg . t/

cfh h:tf] ljgf s'g} tof/L :jLd;"6 ljgf g} crfgs kf}l8g'

k¥of] eg] klg s]xL lyPg . clg lsg pgn] gfË} kf}l8g lbPsf

xf]nfg\ t lg < s]6f / s]6Lx¿df Pscsf{sf] z/L/sf] leÌtf

af/] rflxg] eGbf a9L sf}t"xn x'g' 7Ls x'Fb}g . pgL 7fGy],

rflx+bf] grflx+bf] b'Mv u/]/ cfˆgf] z/L/ n'sfpg'sf] s'g} cy{

lyPg .

;a}sf] hLp cfˆg} lsl;dn] ;'Gb/ x'G5 eÌ] s'/f pgL

s]6fs]6LnfO{ l;sfpg rfxGy] . tf]df]Psf s]xL ljBfyL{nfO{

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 49 –

kf]lnof] ePsf] lyof]— of;'cfsL–rfgnfO{ h:tf] . sf]xL clt

;fgf lyP cyjf ckfË lyP . ;a} cfˆgf] hLp b]vfP/ v]n]

eg] pgLx¿ nHhfaf]waf6 d'Qm x'g]5g\ / xLgtfaf]w x'g] 5}g

eÌ] pgnfO{ ljZjf; lyof] . ckfË ljBfyL{x¿ z'¿ z'¿df nhfP

tfklg t'?Gt} /dfpg yfn] / cflv/df nHhfaf]wdfly k"0f{ ljho

k|fKt u/] .

s'g} s'g} cleefjsx¿ o:tf] ljrf/;Fu cflQGy] . pgLx¿

cfˆgf s]6fs]6LnfO{ :jLd;"6 lbP/ k7fpFy] / Tof] nufP/ dfq

kf}l8g' egL pbL{ lbGy] . t/ sltn] kf] nfpFy] / :jLd;"6–

pgLx¿nfO{ yfxf lyPg . tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ z'¿b]lv g} gfË} g'xfpg'

/fd|f] eÌ] nfUof] . clg c¿ s]xL s]6fs]6L eg] 3/af6 :jLd;"6

Nofpg lal;{of] eGy], t/ kfgLdf kmfn xfÌ eg] 5f]8\y]gg\ .

ltgLx¿nfO{ x]/]/ c¿x¿ klg gfË} kf}l8g yfn] . 3/ hfg] j]nfdf

cf–cfˆgf] :jLd;"6nfO{ eg] lehfP/ nfGy] . cflv/ tf]df]Psf ;a}

ljBfyL{ 3fdn] 89]/ sfn} eP . pgLx¿sf] hLpdf :jLd;"6n]

agfPsf] ;]tf] bfu st} b]lv+b}gYof] .

l/kf]6{ sf8{

bfofF afofF st} gx]/L ‰f]nfnfO{ lk7\o'Fdf pkmfb}{ tf]Qf]–rfg

:6]zgb]lv 3/;Dd} bu'/L . p;nfO{ b]Vg] h;nfO{ klg …nf}, of]

s]6LnfO{ s] cfkt\ k/]5Ú eÌ] nfUbf] xf] . :s"nsf] d"n9f]sfaf6

lg:s]b]lv g} pm bf}l8g yfn]sL lyO{ .

3/ k'Ug] lalQs} cufl8sf] 9f]sf vf]n]/ pm s/fO{ æd kms]{+ ÛÆ

clg /sLnfO{ vf]Hg yfnL . pm kf]r{df 3f]K6]/ ;'lt/x]sf] lyof]—

rL;f] e'O{+df k]6 6fF;]/ . tf]Qf]–rfg r"krfk /sLsf] cufl8 uO{

/ p;sf] cufl8 a;]/ lk7\o'Faf6 ‰f]nf ptf/L, clg l/kf]6{ sf8{

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 50 –

lgsfnL . p;sf] klxnf] l/kf]6{ sf8{ lyof] Tof] . /sLn] p;sf]

dfS;{ /fd|f];Fu b]vf];\ eg]/ sf8{ vf]nL .

;uj{ p;n] egL æn x]/ ÛÆ sf8{df st} …PÚ lyof], st}

…aLÚ . c¿ cIf/x¿ klg lyP . tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ …PÚ /fd|f] xf] ls

…aLÚ c‰} yfxf lyPg . /sLnfO{ t ‰g\ ufx|f] x'g] g} eof] . t/

klg c¿ s;}nfO{ b]vfpg'eGbf klxn] pm /sLnfO{ g} cfˆgf] klxnf]

l/kf]6{ sf8{ b]vfpg rfxGyL . /sL kSs} v'zL xf]nf eÌ] p;nfO{

nfu]sf] lyof] .

cfˆgf] cufl8 sfuh b]v]kl5 /sLn] Psrf]l6 To;nfO{ ;'F£of],

clg 6\jfNn k/]/ tf]Qf]–rfgsf] cg'xf/ x]g{ yfNof] .

ætFnfO{ uha nfu]g t d]/f] l/kf]6{ <Æ tf]Qf]–rfgn] egL .

æt/ o;df cK7\of/f zAbx¿ 5g\, ;a} t tF a'´b}g;\ xf]nf ÛÆ

km]l/ Psrf]l6 /fd|/L x]g{ vf]h] ‰}+ /sLn] o;f] 6fpsf]

9Nsfof] . clg tf]Qf]–rfgsf] xft rf6\g yfNof] .

æ:ofaf; ÛÆ p;n] p7\b} egL, æca d cfdfnfO{ b]vfpg

hfG5' .Æ

tf]Qf]–rfg uO;s]kl5 /sL klg p7\of] / c‰} zLtn csf]{

7fpF vf]h]/ a:of] . clg la:tf/} klN6P/ cfFvf lrDd u¥of] .

To;sf] lrlDnPsf] cfFvf x]bf{ tf]Qf]–rfg dfq xf]Og c¿n] klg

eGy] xf]nfg\— pm ToxL l/kf]6{ sf8{s} af/]df ;f]lr/x]sf] xf]nf Û

udL{sf] 5'§L

æef]ln xfdL SoflDkªdf hfFb}5f}+ . ;a} hgf /flt nfpg] n'uf

/ sDan lnP/ :s"n cfpg'Æ tf]Qf]–rfgn] cfdfnfO{ b]vfpg 3/

nu]sf] x]8df:6/sf] gf]6df o:tf] n]lvPsf] lyof] . ef]lnkN6b]lv

udL{sf] ljbf z'¿ x'Fb}lyof] .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 51 –

æSoflDkª eg]sf] s] <Æ tf]Qf]n] ;f]wL .

cfdf klg uDb} lyOg\ s] eg]sf] xf]nf eg]/ . pgn] ;f]lwg\—

æltdLx¿ st} kfn 6fFu]/ /flt pt} ;'Tg] eg]sf] xf] ls < kfn

6fFu]/ a:bf ltdLx¿ h"g–tf/f b]Vg ;S5f} . t/ kfn eg] sxfF

/fVg] xf]nf s'lÌ < ef8fsf] s'/f st} n]Vof 5}g . :s"ns} glhs

t xf]nf lg st} ÛÆ

Tof] /ft ;'Tg uO;s]kl5 lgs} a]/;Dd tf]Qf]–rfg lgbfpg

;lsg . aflx/ st} SoflDkª ug{ hfg] eÌ] s'/f ;'Gb} 8/ nfUbf]

nfUof] p;nfO{— k"/} b':;fx; h:tf]— p;sf] 9's9'sL a]:;/L

a9\of] .

ef]lnkN6 laxfg p7\g] lalQs} p;n] kf]sf k'Gt'/f afFWg

yfnL . t/ ;fF‰df ha cfˆgf] ;'Tg] n'uf /fv]sf] ‰f]nfdf sDan

klg /flv;s]/ afO{afO{ ug]{ j]nf eof], p;nfO{ cfkm" c‰} ;fx|}

;fgL /lx5' eÌ] nfUof] / 8/ 8/ nfUof] .

s]6fs]6Lx¿ :s"ndf hDdf eO;s]kl5 x]8df:6/n] eg]— æn,

ca ltdLx¿ ;a} P;]DAnL xndf cfpm .Æ s]6fs]6L ;a} hDdf

eO;s]kl5 pgL Tof] ;fgf] kf]l8oddf uP— ToxfF Pp6f sqmSs

k/]sf] s] xf] /fv]sf] lyof] . e/] t Pp6f xl/of] /ªsf] kfn kf]

/x]5 Tof] .

To;nfO{ km}nfpFb} pgn] eg]— æd ca kfn s;/L 78\ofpg]

eg]/ ltdLx¿nfO{ b]vfpF5' . /fd|/L x]/ .Æ

:jfF:jfF / ˆjfFˆjfF ub}{ pgL PSn}n] otf 8f]/L tfÌ], ptf

808L /fVg] ug{ yfn] . x]bf{ x]b}{ s]xL eÌ} gkfO{ Pp6f ;'Gb/ kfn

7l8O;s]sf] lyof] .

n, ca ltdLx¿ xn e/L kfn 78\ofp / SoflDkª z'¿ u/ .

cfdfn] klg c¿n] h:t} 3/ aflx/ kfn nufpg] xf]nf eÌ]

7fg]sL lyOg\ . t/ x]8df:6/sf] lbdfudf cs}{ s'/f lyof] . P;]DAnL–

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 52 –

xndf t /flt kfgL k/] klg, hf8f] eP klg s]6fs]6Lx¿nfO{ s]xL

x'g] ePg lg Û

æSoflDkª ug]{, SoflDkª ug]{ ÛÆ eg]/ s/fpFb} aRrfx¿

ljleÌ ;d"xdf afFl8P . clg lzIfsx¿sf] d2tn] rflxg] hlt

kfn nufP . Pp6f kfn leq tLg hgf hlt aRrfx¿ c6fpFy] .

tf]Qf]–rfgn] xTkt ;'Tg] n'uf nufO{ . Ps} l5gdf aRrfx¿ Pp6f

kfnaf6 csf]{ kfndf k:b} lg:sFb} ug{ yfn] . Pscsf{sf]df cfpg]

hfg] v"a rNof] .

s]6fs]6Ln] /flt ;'Tg] n'uf km]/L ;s]kl5 ;a}n] b]Vg] u/L

aLrdf x]8df:6/ a;] / cfˆgf] ljb]z e|d0fsf s'/f ;'gfpg

yfn] .

aRrfx¿ sf]xL kfnleqaf6 6fpsf] dfq lgsfn]/ 3f]lK6Psf

lyP, sf]xL sf]xL eg] ykSs a;]sf lyP . sf]xL cfkm"eGbf 7"nfsf]

sfvdf 6fpsf] /fv]/ kN6]sf lyP . tL ;a} g} cfkm" slxNo}

gk'u]sf] b]zsf af/]df x]8df:6/af6 syf ;'lg/x]sf lyP . slt

b]zsf] t pgLx¿n] gfd;Dd klg ;'g]sf lyPgg\ . pgsf syf

uha /dfOnf lyP . s'g} j]nf t tL b"/b/fh ;d'b|kfl/sf b]zsf

syfsf aRrfx¿ klg pgLx¿sf cfˆg} ;fyL x'g\ ls eÌ] nfUYof] .

o;/L o:tf] Pp6f ;fgf] ultljlw— P;]DAnL xndf kfn 6fFu]/

;'Tg] sfd— s]6fs]6Lsf lglDt la;L{ g;Sg' dxŒjk"0f{ / /dfOnf]

x'g k'Uof] .

x]8df:6/ af]ln;s]kl5 P;]DAnL xnsf] aQL lgEof] / aRrfx¿

;a} cf–cfˆgf kfnleq k;] . s'g} kfnleqaf6 xfF;f]sf] cfjfh

cfO/x]sf] lyof] . s'g}af6 eg] ;fptLsf] cfjfh . kNnf]5]psf]

Pp6f kfnleq eg] ‰u8fsf] cfjfh klg cfO/x]sf] lyof] . lj:tf/}

df}gtf 5fof] .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 53 –

b':;fx;

tf]Qf]–rfgn] klxNo}b]lv g} Pp6f cfFl6nf] of]hgf agfPsL

lyO{ . P;]DAnL–xndf SoflDkª u/]sf] b'O{ lbgkl5 To;sf] ;fOt

h'¥of] . of;'cfsL–rfg;Fu e]63f6sf] lbg lyof] Tof] . / of]

e]63f6sf] s'/f tL b'j}n] cfˆgf cfdfa'afnfO{ eg]sf lyPgg\ .

of;'cfsL–rfgnfO{ cfˆgf] ¿vdf lgDTofPsL lyO{ .

tf]df]Pdf x/]s aRrfsf] Pp6f ¿v x'GYof], h;nfO{ pgLx¿

cfˆgf] JolQmut ¿v 7fGy] . tf]Qf]–rfgsf] ¿v rflx+ sDkfp08sf]

af/ glhs} s'xf]ga'Rr' hfg] af6f] 5]pdf lyof] . Tof] ¿v 7"nf]

lyof] / r9\g klg lrKnf] . t/ e'O{+af6 ^ kmL6 hlt dfly

rl9;s]kl5 eg] xfFuf kmf6]sf] lyof] . Xofdf]sdf a;] hlQs}

cf/fd;Fu tL xfFufx¿sf] sfkdf a:g ;lsGYof] . sIffdf km';{b x'g]

lalQs} / s'g} j]nf t :s"n l;l4g] lalQs} ;d]t tf]Qf]–rfg Tof]

¿v r9\yL . pm slxn] k/–k/;Dd x]/]/ a:yL, slxn] cfsfzlt/

x]yL{ . slxn] eg] tn lx+l8/x]sf dflg;nfO{ x]l//xGyL .

aRrfx¿ …cfˆgf]Ú ¿vnfO{ cfˆg} ;DklQ 7fGy] . c¿ s;}sf]

¿v r9\g'k¥of] eg] cToGt ljgd| eP/ æd klg r9\g ;S5' <Æ

eg]/ :jLs[lt lng'kYof]{ .

of;'cfsL–rfgnfO{ kf]lnof] ePsfn] pm slxNo} ¿v r9\b}gYof] .

p;n] s'g} ¿vnfO{ cfˆgf] agfpg] s'/f klg cfPg . To;}n] tf]Qf]–

rfgn] p;nfO{ cfˆgf] ¿vdf lgDTofPsL lyO{ . t/ pgLx¿n] of]

s'/f uf]Ko /fv]sf lyP . c¿n] yfxf kfP eg] grflx+bf] s'/f ug{

yfN5g\ eÌ] pgLx¿nfO{ 8/ lyof] .

3/ 5f]8\g] j]nfdf tf]Qf]–rfgn] cfdf;Fu of;'cfsL–rfgnfO{

e]6\g b]g]Grf]km' hfg nfu]sf] eg]sL lyO{ . 9fF6 s'/f u/]sL eP/

cfdfsf] cg'xf/lt/ gx]/L cfFvfnfO{ h'Qfsf] t'gfdf nufO/xL . t/

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 54 –

/sLn] eg] p;nfO{ :6]zg;Dd} k5\ofof] . pm;Fu ljbf x'g] j]nf

p;nfO{ eg] ;fFrf] s'/f egL M

æof;'cfsL–rfgnfO{ d d]/f] ¿v r9\g lbG5'Æ— p;n] egL .

3fF6Ldf /]nsf] kf; ‰'08\ofP/ pm :s"n k'Ubf of;'cfsL–rfg

km"nsf] Aof8lg/ rf}/df al;/x]sf] b]vL . udL{sf] 5'§L ePsfn] rf}/

k"/} vfnL lyof] . tf]Qf]–rfg eGbf pm Ps jif{ dfq} h]7f] lyof] .

t/ af]Nbf eg] pm lgs} kfsf] dflg;n] ‰}+ af]NYof] .

tf]Qf]nfO{ b]Vg] lalQs} of;'cfsL cfˆgf] v'§f l3;fb}{ pmlt/

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 55 –

a9\of] . hLpnfO{ ;Gt'ngdf /fVg xftnfO{ hLp cl3lNt/ ‰'08\ofPsf]

lyof] . s]xL uf]Ko sfd ub}{5f}+ eÌ] ;D‰]/ tf]Qf]–rfg /f]dflGrt

eO{ / lvtlvt xfF;L . of;'cfsL–rfg klg xfF:of] .

tf]Qf]–rfgn] p;nfO{ cfˆgf] ¿vlt/ nuL . lxhf] a]n'sL p;n]

agfPsf] of]hgf cg';f/ kfn] bfOsf] sf]7fdf uP/ Pp6f ln:gf]

l3;f/]/ NofO{ / ¿vsf] sfk k/]sf] 7fpF;Dd k'Ug] u/L 78\ofO{ .

pm km6fkm6 dfly r9]/ ln:g'sf] 5]pnfO{ bx|f];Fu ;dftL / tn

x]/]/ egL æn, 7Ls 5 . dfly r9\g] sf]lzz u/ .Æ

of;'cfsLsf xftv'§f olt sdhf]/ lyP ls ljgf d2t pm

klxnf] v'8lsnf];Dd klg k'Ug ;Sb}gYof] . tf]Qf]–rfg tn cf]nL{

/ k5fl8af6 of;'cfsLnfO{ 7]Ng yfnL . t/ tf]Qf]–rfg cfkm}+

olt ;fgL / b'AnL lyO{ ls p;n] ug{ ;Sg] eg]s} of;'cfsLnfO{

k5fl8af6 e/ lbg' ;Dd dfq x'GYof] . ln:g'nfO{ yfDg] s'/f t

sxfF xf] sxfF . of;'cfsL–rfgn] ;aeGbf tnsf] v'8\lsnf]af6

v'§f x6fof] / l;+9Lsf] Ps5]pdf 6fpsf] ‰'sfP/ pleof] . ;f]r]sf]

eGbf lgs} ufx|f] x'g] /x]5 eÌ] s'/f tf]Qf]–rfgn] dx;"; u/L .

ca s] ug]{ xf]nf <

of;'cfsL–rfgnfO{ cfˆgf] ¿vdf r9fpg p;nfO{ c;fWo} dg

nfu]sf] lyof] . of;'cfsL–rfg klg ToxL kv]{/ al;/x]sf] lyof] .

pm p;sf] cufl8 uP/ l7+u pmleO{ . lar/fsf] cg'xf/ olt

6L7nfUbf] ePsf] lyof] ls p;n] x]g}{ ;lsgF . p;nfO{ xF;fpg

eg]/ p;n] d'v lauf/L .

ækv, d t/Lsf lgsfN5' ÛÆ

pm bu'b}{ kfn] bfOsf] sf]7fdf uO{ / sfd nfUg] s]xL e]l6G5

ls eg]/ Pskl5 csf]{ ;fdfg x]g{ yfnL . cGTodf p;n] Pp6f

v'8\lsnf] ePsf] e¥ofª e]6L . Tof] e'O{+df cfkm}+ cl8g] ePsfn]

p;n] ln:g'nfO{ h:tf] e/ lbO/xg'kg]{ lyPg .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 56 –

p;n] Tof] e¥ofª l3;fg{ yfnL . cfˆgf] an b]v]/ pm cfkm}+

5Ss k/L . ¿v;Dd tfg]/ NofPkl5 x]bf{ t Tof] ¿vsf] sfk;Dd

g} k'Ubf] /x]5 . pm b+u k/L .

clg slQ g 7"nL lbbL h:tL eP/ p;n] egL— æca g8/fpm

x} Û of] xlNn+b}g .Æ

of;'cfsL–rfgn] 8/fpFb} Tof] e¥ofªnfO{ x]¥of] . clg kl;gfn]

lgy|'Ss leh]sL tf]Qf]–rfglt/ x]¥of] . pm cfkm}+ klg kl;gfn]

leh]sf] lyof] . Psrf]l6 ¿vlt/ x]/]/ ;+sNksf ;fy p;n] klxnf]

v'8\lsnf]df kfOnf /fVof] .

e¥ofªsf] l;/fgdf k'Ug of;'cfsL–rfgnfO{ slt a]/ nfUof]

slt . b'j}nfO{ ;dosf] s'g} xf]z lyPg . udL{sf] 3fdn] xk xk

kf]ln/x]sf] lyof] . t/ pgLx¿nfO{ c¿ s]xL s'/fsf] dtna lyPg .

Pp6} dfq WofpÌ lyof]— of;'cfsLnfO{ e¥ofªsf] l;/fg;Dd s;/L

k'¥ofpg] . tf]Qf]–rfgn] tn a;]/ cfˆgf dl;gf xftn] p;sf

k}tfnfdf an lbO{ . clg 6fpsf]n] p;sf] k'7f]df 7]nL . of;'cfsLn]

Gjf/fgb]lvsf] an nufP/ dfly r9\g] k|oTg u¥of] . / cflv/

e¥ofªsf] l;/fgdf k'u]/} 5f]8\of] .

æx'/]{ ÛÆ

ToxfF k'lu;s]kl5 km]l/ csf]{ cfkt\ cfOnfUof] . tf]Qf]–rfg t

pk|m]/ ?vsf] sfkdf k'uL . t/ hlt u/] klg of;'cfsL–rfgnfO{

eg] e¥ofªaf6 ¿vdf tfÌ} ;lsg . e¥ofªnfO{ RofKk ;dft]/

of;'cfsL–rfgn] tf]Qf]–rfgsf] d'v x]¥of] . tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ crfgs

?g dg nfUof] . of;'cfsL–rfgnfO{ cfˆgf] ¿vdf lgDTofP/

ToxfFaf6 b]lvg] hlt ;a} b[Zo b]vfpg p;nfO{ c;fWo} /x/

nfu]sf] lyof] .

t/ pm /f]Og . cfkm" /f]Psf] eP of;'cfsL–rfg klg ?g

yfNnf eÌ] p;nfO{ kL/ lyof] .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 57 –

a? p;n] p;sf] xft ;dftL . kf]lnof]sf sf/0f p;sf

cf}+nfx¿ ;a} 6fFl:;P h:tf b]lvGy] . p;sf xft klg p;sf eGbf

7"nf lyP / cf}+nfx¿ nfdf . lgs} a]/ p;n] p;sf xft ;dftL .

clg egL— æltdL ;'t, d an u/]/ ltdLnfO{ tfG5' .Æ

¿vsf] sfkdf To;/L pleP/ e¥ofªdf 3f]K6f] k/]/ ;'lt/x]sf]

of;'cfsL–rfgnfO{ tfÌ nflu/x]sL p;nfO{ s;}n] b]v]sf] eP kSs}

klg 8/n] lrRofpFYof] xf]nf . 8/nfUb} b]lvGYof] of] ;a v]nf .

t/ of;'cfsL–rfgsf] eg] tf]Qf]–rfgk|lt k"0f{ ljZjf; lyof] .

clg tf]Qf]–rfgn] klg p;sf] lglDt cfˆgf] Hofg} hf]lvddf /fv]sL

lyO{ . cfˆgf dl;gf xftn] p;sf] xft ;dft]/ Gjf/fgb]lvsf] an

nufP/ pm tflg/x]sL lyO{ . j]nf j]nfdf afbnsf] l9Ssfn] bof

u/] ‰}+ ltgLx¿nfO{ Tof] 6G6nfk'/ 3fdaf6 hf]ufO/x]sf] lyof] .

lgs} nfdf] k|of;kl5 ¿vdfly tL b'O{ cfdg];fdg] pleP .

cfˆgf] leh]sf] skfnnfO{ lj:tf/} kl5lNt/ kG5fpFb} tf]Qf]n] ljgd|

eP/ of;'cfsLcl3 ‰'Sb} egL— æd]/f] ¿vdf oxfFnfO{ :jfut 5 .Æ

of;'cfsL–rfg ¿vdf c8]; nfu]/ s]xL nhfpFb} eGof]— æd

cfpg ;S5' <Æ

klxn] slxNo} gb]v]sf b[Zox¿ of;'cfsL–rfgn] b]Vof] . æ¿v

r9\bf o:tf] kf] x'Fbf]/x]5 xlu <Æ p;n] /dfpFb} eGof] .

tL b'O{ ¿vdf w]/} a]/ a;] / cg]s s'/f ul//x] .

æcd]l/sfdf ePsL d]/L lbbLn] eg]sf]– pgLx¿;Fu 6]lnlehg

eÌ] s] xf] 5 /] ÛÆ of;'cfsL–rfgn] lgs} pT;flxt eP/ eGof] .

æpNn] eg]sf] hfkfgdf ePb]lv 3/ a;L–a;L ;'df]sf] s'ZtL x]g{

ldNYof] /] Û afs; h:tf] x'G5 /] Tof] ÛÆ

w]/} 6f9f hfg g;Sg] of;'cfsL–rfgsf] nflu 3/ a;La;L

w]/} s'/f x]g{ kfpg' eg]sf] slt 7"nf] s'/f x'Fbf] xf], of] s'/f Tolt

j]nf tf]Qf]–rfg c‰} /fd|/L a'l´bgyL .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 58 –

a? p;nfO{ crDd nflu/Xof]– 3/ afs;df s;/L k:5g\

xf]nf tL ;'df] s'ZtLafhx¿ . Toqf] a8]dfgsf] hLp x'G5 ltgsf] .

t/ h] eP klg s'/f ;'Gb} /dfOnf] lyof] . To;j]nf s;}nfO{ klg

6]lnlehgsf] af/]df s]xL yfxf lyPg . tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ ;aeGbf

klxn] of;'cfsL–rfgn] g} ;'gfPsf] lyof] .

´ofpFls/Lx¿ uLt ufO/x]sf lyP . / tL b'O{ aRrf cToGt v'zL

lyP . of;'cfsL–rfgsf] lglDt of] klxnf] / clGtd ¿vr9fO lyof] .

sf] cfFl6nf] <

æ8/nfUbf] 5 ugfpg], vfFbf d'v} /;fpg]— s] xf] <Æ

of] ufpFvfg] syf pgLx¿nfO{ cf}wL dg kYof]{ . tf]Qf]–rfg

/ p;sf ;fyLx¿ Pscsf{nfO{ ;w}+ elg/x]sf x'Gy]— ædnfO{ Tof]

8/nfUbf] / ugfpg]sf] ufpFvfg] syf ;f]w g ÛÆ

o;sf] pQ/ lyof]— e"tn] rkL{df a;]/ ld7fO{ vfO/x]sf] .

tf]df]Psf] …sf] cfFl6nf] <Ú eGg] v]nkl5 klg To:t} Pp6f gofF

ufpFvfg] syf aGof] . æ8/nfUbf], lrnfpg], a]:;/L xF;fpg]— s]

xf] <Æ

P;]DAnL xndf kfn 6fFu]/ SoflDkª u/]sf] /ft x]8df:6/n]

3f]if0ff u/]sf lyP— xfdL s'g} lbg a]n'sL s'xf]ga'Rr' dlGb/df

hfG5f}+ / sf] cfFl6nf] /x]5 eg]/ hfFr u5f}{+ . Tof] /ft sf] e"t

eP/ v]Ng rfxG5, xft p7fpm ÛÆ

;ft hgf hlt s]6fx¿n] e"t x'g k|lt:kwf{ u/] . tf]lsPsf]

a]n'sL aRrfx¿ :s"ndf hDdf eP . e"t x'g] s]6fx¿ eg] xQ /

kQ cfkm}+n] agfPsf] e"tsf] n'uf dlGb/df n'sfpg uP .

lx+8\g] j]nfdf ltgn] c¿nfO{ eg]— æx]/ g xfdL ltdLx¿nfO{

s;/L t;f{pF5f}+ ca ÛÆ

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 59 –

afFsL /x]sf tL; hgf hlt s]6fs]6Lx¿ eg] kfFr kfFr

hgfsf] ;d"x agfP/ Ps Ps l5gsf] cGt/fndf sf]x'Ga'Rr'lt/

nfu] . pgLx¿ ;/f;/ dlGb/ kl/;/df / lrxfg3f/Ldf k'u]/

:s"n kmls{g'kg]{ lyof] .

x]8df:6/n] s] s'/f :ki6 eg]sf lyP eg] of] v]ndf ;fx;sf]

hfFr eP tfklg aLr}af6 kms{g rfx] dhfn] kms]{ x'G5, cK7]/f]

dfÌ' kb}{g .

tf]Qf]–rfgn] cfdfl;t dfu]/ 6r{nfO6 NofPsL lyO{ .

cfdfn] eg]sL lyOg\— ægx/fpg' lg ÛÆ

s'g} s'g} s]6fx¿n] e"t ;dfTg eg]/ k'tnL ;dfpg] hfn

NofPsf lyP . s;}n] eg] e"tnfO{ afFWg] eg]/ 8f]/L NofPsf lyP .

s] s] ug]{ eg]/ ;a} s'/f x]8df:6/n] elg;Sbf ‰dSs

eO;s]sf] lyof] . æ9'Ëf, sfuh / s}+rLÆ v]n]/ ;d"x 5'6\ofOPsf]

lyof] . /f]dfl~rt eP/ s/fpFb} klxnf] ;d"x :s"nsf] d"n9f]sfaf6

lg:Sof] . cflv/ tf]Qf]–rfgsf] ;d"xsf] klg kfnf] cfof] .

x]8df:6/n] s] eg]sf lyP eg] dlGb/} gk'u'Gh]n e"t b]vf

kb}{g . t/ s]6fs]6Lx¿ 9'Ss lyPgg\ . clncln 8/fpFb} tL

dlGb/sf] 9f]sf;Dd k'u] . 9f]sfd} plePsf ;+/Ifs b]jtfx¿sf] d"lt{

b]lvP . h"g pbfPsf] eP klg dlGb/ kl/;/ eg] 3gf cGwsf/df

eP h:tf] nfUYof] . lbpF;f] x]bf{ lgs} km/flsnf] / /dfOnf] eP klg

clxn] eg] sltv]/ e"t e]l6g] xf] eg]/ ;a} 8/n] y'/y'/ ePsf

lyP . xfjfn] s'g} ¿vsf] kft xNnfpFbfsf] cfjfh cfpFbf sf]xL

…O{˜˜Ú u/]/ lrRofpFYof] . v'§fn] s]xL g/d rLh e]6]5 eg] …ca'O{,

e"tÚ eg]/ csf]{ s/fpFYof] . x'Fbf x'Fbf cfkm}+n] xft ;dflt/fv]sf]

;fyL klg e"t xf] ls h:tf] eof] . tf]Qf]–rfgn] lrxfg;Dd ghfg]

lgwf] ul/;s]sL lyO{ . ToxfF g} xf] e"tx¿ kv]{/ a:g] eg]/ .

clg csf]{ s'/f s] eg] ;fx;sf] k/LIff eg]sf] s:tf] x'Fbf] /x]5

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 60 –

eÌ] p;n] olQs}df a'‰L xfnL . p;sf] ;d"xsf c¿n] klg ToxL

lg0f{o u/]sf /x]5g\ . cfkm" PSnf] gk/]sf]df pm lgs} 9'Ss eO{ .

clg tL ;a a]tf]8n] bu'b}{ kms]{ .

pgLx¿ :s"ndf k'Ubf t cfkm" eGbf cufl8sf] ;d"x plxNo}

k'lu;s]sf] . o;f] x]bf{ lrxfg;Dd k'Ug] cfF6 s;}n] u/]g5 .

ToxL j]nf 6fpsf]df ;]tf] sk8f afFw]sf] Pp6f s]6f ?Fb}

lzIfs glhs uof] . e"t x'g]x¿dWo]sf] Pp6f lyof] Tof] .

lrxfg3f/Ldf n's]/ a;]sf] lyof] plxNo} b]vL . t/ sf]xL klg

gcfP kl5 pm cfkm}+ ‰g\ ‰g\ 8/fpg yfn]5 clg lg:s]/ aflx/

cfP5 . clg ToxfF ;a}sf] lrof] ul//x]sf lzIfsn] e]6]/ NofPsf

/x]5g\ . ;a}hgf ldn]/ p;nfO{ ;fGTjgf lbO/x]sf] j]nf csf]{

…e"tÚ klg ?Fb} kmSof]{ . pm ;Fu} csf]{ Pp6f s]6f] klg /f]O/x]sf]

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 61 –

lyof] . Tof] e"t x'g] s]6f] klg lrxfg3f/Ldf n's]/ a;]sf]

/x]5 . sf]xL cfPsf] yfxf kfPkl5 p;nfO{ t;f{pg eg]/ plk|m+bf

b'j}hgf 7f]lsP5g\ . 7f]lsPsf] b'vfOdfly d?Gh]n 8/fpFb} tL b'j}

bu'b}{ kms]{5g\ . uha xfF;f]p7\bf] eof] ;a} yf]s . 8/fpg';Dd

8/fO;s]kl5 ;xL–;nfdt kms]{/ cfpFbf ;a}n] ;Grf] dfg] /

d/L–d/L xfF:g yfn] . e"t x'g]x¿rflx+ xfF;L klg /x]sf lyP, /f]O{

klg /x]sf lyP . Psl5gkl5 ldlutf gfd ePsf] tf]Qf]–rfgsf]

Snf;sf] ;fyL cfOk'Uof] . p;n] sfuhsf] e"tfxf 6f]kL nufPsf]

lyof] . sf]xL klg lrxfglt/ gcfOlbPsf]df pm eg] /L;n] r"/

ePsf] lyof] .

æd kv]{sf] kVo}{ ePFÆ, xft v'§fdf nfdv'§]n] 6f]s]sf] 8fa/

sGofpFb} p;n] eGof] .

æP, e"tnfO{ t nfdv'§]n] 6f]s]5Æ eg]/ s;}n] eGof] . ;a}hgf

km]l/ xfF:g yfn] .

æn, ca d uP/ afFsL e"tx¿nfO{ NofpF5'Æ eGb} % sIffsf

ju{ lzIfs df?ofdf ;/ aflx/ lg:s] . lhNn k/]/ NofDk kf]:6

d'lg pleO/x]sf e"t, clg 8/fP/ 3/ kms]{sf e"t ;a}nfO{ pgn]

hDdf u/]/ km]l/ :s"n NofP .

To;kl5 tf]df]Psf ljBfyL{ km]l/ slxNo} e"t;Fu 8/fPgg\ .

cflv/ e"t klg t 8/fpg] /x]5g\ lg t, xf]Og <

l/x;{n xn

tf]Qf]–rfg zfnLgtfsf ;fy lx+l8/x]sL lyO{ . /sL klg

To;}u/L lx+l8/x]sf] lyof] . j]nf j]nfdf pm k'n'Ss tf]Qf]–rfgsf]

cg'xf/ x]Yof]{ . of] ;asf] cy{ lyof]— pgLx¿ afafsf] l/x;{n xn

hfFb} lyP . c¿ j]nf eP tf]Qf]–rfg a]:df/L bu'l//x]sL x'GyL .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 62 –

ls eg] /sLn] s]xL v;fNof] ls eg]/ slxn] otf slxn] ptf

x]l//x]sL x'GyL . slxn] rflx+ Pskl5 csf]{ ub}{ csf{sf] au}+rfdf

af/ d'lgaf6 l5l//x]sL x'GyL .

afafsf] l/x;{n xn pgLx¿sf] 3/af6 lx+8]/ s/La kfFr

ldg]6df k'luGYof] . pgL cs]{i6«fsf sG;6{–df:6/ lyP . sG;6{–

df:6/ ePsfn] pgL efof]lng ahfpFy] . Psrf]l6 tf]Qf]–rfg klg

sG;6{df uPsL lyO{ . Pp6f s'/fn] p;nfO{ crDd nfu]sf] lyof]–

>f]tfx¿ ;a}n] tfnL lkl6;s]kl5 cl;gkl;g ePsf ;+uLt lgb]{zs

>f]tflt/ kms]{/ ‰'s], clg :6]haf6 cf]n]{/ p;sf afafl;t xft

ldnfP . To;j]nf efof]lng ahfpg] p;sf afaf p7]sf lyP /

pgL;Fu} cs]{i6«fsf ;a} ;+uLtsdL{ klg p7]sf lyP .

;fptL dfb}{ tf]Qf]–rfgn] cfdfnfO{ ;f]w]sL lyO{— ælsg xft

ldnfPsf] <Æ

æ;+uLt lgb]{zs cs]{i6«fsf ;a}nfO{ /fd|f];Fu afhf ahfPsf]df

wGojfb lbg rfxG5g\ . cs]{i6«fsf] k|ltlglw afaf ePsfn] pxfF;Fu

xft ldnfPsf] xf]Æ— cfdfn] s'/f] a'‰fOg\ .

tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ l/x;{n xn hfg lsg dg nfUYof] eg]

ToxfF :s"ndf h:tf] s]6fs]6L xf]Og, 7"nf dflg; x'Gy] / ltgn]

y/Ly/Lsf afhf ahfpFy] . csf]{ s'/f s] eg] cs]{i6«fsf sG8S6/

/f]h]g :6sn] hfkfgL af]Nbf crDd;Fu af]Ny] .

afafn] eg] cg';f/ /f]h]g :6s o"/f]ksf gfd"b sG8S6/

/x]5g\ . t/ Pp6f lx6n/ eÌ] dflg;n] ToxfF pTkft dRrfpg

yfn]sfn] pgL pDs]/ hfkfg cfpg' k/]sf] /] cfˆgf] ;+uLt;fwgf

ul//xgsf lglDt . afafn] eg]sf], /f]h]g :6snfO{ pgL c;fWo}

;Ddfg uy]{ /] Û tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ To;avtsf] ;+;f/sf] l:ylt af/]

w]/} yfxf lyPg . t/ 7Ls ToxL j]nf lx6n/n] ox'bLx¿dfly

cTofrf/ ug{ yfn]sf] lyof] . To;f] gePsf] eP /f]h]g :6s

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 63 –

hfkfg cfpg] g} lyPgg\ . clg pgL h:tf] cGt/f{li6«o Voflt

k|fKt ;+uLtsf/sf] ldlxg]t ljgf sf]:ofs ofdfbfn] :yfkgf u/]sf]

cs]{:6«fn] 5f]6f] cjlwdf Toqf] k|ult klg ug]{ lyPg . o'/f]ksf] Ps

gDa/sf cs]{i6«fx¿n] hlQs} /fd|f] k|bz{gL u?g\ eÌ] rfxGy] /f]h]g

:6s . To;}n] l/x;{nkl5 pgL ?Fb} eGy]— æd olt w]/} ldlxg]t

ub}{5', t/ tkfO{+x¿af6 Tof] k|ltkmn kfpFlbg .Æ

;]nf] ahfpg] lxb]cf] ;fOtf]n] ;aeGbf /fd|f] hd{g af]Ny] .

/f]h]g :6s cf/fd ul//x]sf] j]nf ;+uLt lgb]{zssf] e"ldsf pgL

g} lgefpFy] . ;a}sf] tkm{af6 pgL eGy]— æxfdL cfkm"n] ;Sbf]

ul//x]sf 5f}+ . xfd|f] ;Lk c‰} eg] h:tf] eO;s]sf] 5}g . oxfFn]

a'l‰lbg' k¥of]— xfdLn] hfgL hfgL /fd|f] gu/]sf] xf]Og .Æ

l:yltsf] hl6ntf pm a'l´bgyL . t/ ld:6/ /f]h]g :6ssf]

cg'xf/ s'g} s'g} j]nf olt /ftf] x'GYof] ls pgsf] 6fpsf]af6

clxNo} w'jfF p7\nf h:tf] nfUYof] . clg pgL hd{g efiffdf

lrRofpg yfNy] . cfkm"nfO{ dg kg]{ ´ofnaf6 xftdf lrpF8f]

c8\ofP/ x]l//x]sL tf]Qf]–rfg o:tf] j]nfdf ´ofnaf6 kl5 x6\yL

/ n';'Ss /sL;Fu e'O{+df n'SyL . ;f; km]g{ klg p;nfO{ cfF6

x'Fb}gYof] . km]l/ ;+uLt z'¿ gx'Gh]n pm o;} u/L al;/xGyL .

t/ c¿ j]nf eg] ld:6/ /f]h]g :6s hftL lyP . pgn]

hfkfgL af]n]sf] ;'Ì v"a /dfOnf] nfUYof] .

/fd|f];Fu ahfPsf] j]nf æ/fd|f] ef], s'/f]ofgfuL ;fg ÛÆ eg]/

crDdsf] pRrf/0fdf pgL hfkfgLdf eGy] . ls eg] …jG8/km"nÚ eGy] .

l/x;{n xnleq tf]Qf]–rfg slxNo} k;]sL lyOgF . hlxn] klg

pm ´ofnaf6 lrofP/ ;+uLt ;'GyL . pgLx¿ cf/fd ug]{ j]nfdf

r"/f]6 vfg aflx/ lg:sFbf afafn] p;nfO{ km]nf kfy]{ .

æP˜˜ tF t oxfF kf] 5];\, tf]RsL ÛÆ eGy] pgL .

ld:6/ /f]h]g :6sn] p;nfO{ b]v] eg] To:t} xfF;f] p7\bf]

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 64 –

6f]gdf …u'8 dlg{ªÚ jf …u'8 8]Ú eGy] . clg pm cln 7"nL

eO;s]sL eP klg klxn] klxn] h:t} p;nfO{ h'?Ss af]Sy] /

ufnfdf ufnf blnlbGy] . p;nfO{ nfh nfUYof] . t/ p;nfO{

ld:6/ /f]h]g :6s dg kYof]{ . pgL rfFbLsf] 3]/f ePsf] rZdf

nufpFy] . 7"nf] gfs lyof] . w]/} cUnf lyPgg\ . t/ pgsf] cg'xf/

;'Gb/ lyof]— x]gf{ ;fy snfsf/ g} xf] eÌ] nfUg] .

tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ Tof] l/x;{n xn v"a dg kYof]{ . Tof] klZrdf

z}nLsf] lyof]— / cln k'/fgf] lyof] .

;]ghf]s' tfnaf6 cfpg] atf;n] ;+uLtsf] w'gnfO{ l/x;{n

xneGbf aflx/ w]/} 6f9f 6f9f;Dd k'¥ofpFYof] . lsGUof] df5f

a]Rg]n] s/fPsf] cfjfh ;FuLt;Fu ldl;GYof]— lsGUof] O{˜˜ lsGUof] .

tftf]kfgLsf] ofqf

cflv/ udL{sf] 5'§L ;lsof] / tftf]kfgLsf] l/;f]6{df hfg] lbg

cfof] . tftf]kfgLsf] ofqf ljBfyL{x¿sf lglDt tf]df]Psf] ;aeGbf

dxŒjk"0f{ sfo{qmd lyof] . cfdf tf]df]Psf sfo{qmdx¿af6 5Ss

kg{ 5f]l8;s]sL lyOg\ . t/ Ps lbg :s"naf6 kms{g] lalQs}

tf]Qf]–rfgn] æd klg c¿;Fu} tftf]kfgL hfpmF <Æ eGbf eg]

tLg5Ss kl/g\ . a"9fa"9Lx¿ u|'k ldnfP/ tftf]kfgLdf g'xfpg hfg]

s'/f t yfxf ePs} xf] . t/ klxnf] sIffsf ;fgf s]6fs]6L klg

tftf]kfgL g'xfpg hfg] s'/f t crDd} eof] lg Û t}klg x]8df:6/sf]

lr7L /fd|f];Fu kl9;s]kl5 eg] pgnfO{ klg Tof] ljrf/ 7Ls}

nfUof] . dgdg} pgn] x]8df:6/sf] of]hgfsf] tfl/km ul/g\ . Tof]

e|d0f …;d'b| lsgf/sf] :s"nÚsf] ¿kdf cfof]lht eO/x]sf] lyof] .

lzh'cf]sf If]qsf] O{h' eÌ] pkåLksf] tf]O{ eÌ] 7fpFdf . ;d'b|d}

tftf]kfgLsf] d'xfg lyof] . s]6fs]6Lx¿ ToxfF kf}l8g / tftf]kfgLdf

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 65 –

g'xfpg kfpFy] . tLg lbg b'O{ /ftsf] lglDt Tof] e|d0fsf] cfof]hgf

ul/Psf] lyof] . Tof] 7fpFdf tf]df]Ps} Pp6f ljBfyL{sf] afafsf] 5'§L

dgfpg hfg] 3/ lyof] . tf]df]P :s"nsf ! b]lv ^ Snf;;Ddsf

;a} ljBfyL{ ToxfF c6fpg ;Sy] . olt yfxf kfO;s]kl5 cfdfn]

;lhn} …x'G5Ú elgg\ .

tf]lsPsf] lbgdf lx+8\g'cl3 tf]df]Psf ;a} ljBfyL{ :s"ndf

hDdf eP .

;a} hDdf eO;s]kl5 x]8df:6/n] eg] æn t Û xfdL /]n

r9\5f}+, hxfh klg r9\5f}+, ltdLx¿ x/fpg' x'Ì x} Û s'/f a'´of} <

n, lx+8, hfpFm ca ÛÆ

pgsf] lgb]{zg eg]sf] Tolt dfq lyof] . t/ lho'ufcf]sf

:6]zgdf tf]of]sf 6«]g r9\bf s]6fs]6Lx¿ crDd} cg'zfl;t lyP .

s'g} klg ljBfyL{ 6«]gsf] l8Aafdf otfptf bu'/]g, s'/f ubf{ klg

;Fu;Fu} a;]sf ljBfyL{ dfq ;fgf] :j/n] s'/f u/]/ a;] . tf]df]Psf

ljBfyL{nfO{ slxNo} klg nfOg nfUg'k5{, /fd|/L lx+8\g'k5{, 6«]gdf

r"k nfu]/ a:g'k5{, vfgf vfFbf e'O{+df kf]Vg'x'Ì eg]/ elgPsf]

lyPg . t/ s;/L xf] s'lGg, cfkm"eGbf ;fgf jf sdhf]/nfO{

ws]Ng' x'Ì, ceb| Jojxf/ eg]sf] nfhdg'{ s'/f xf], kmf]xf]/ b]Vg]

lalQs} l6Kg'k5{, c¿nfO{ dg gkg]{ / l8:6a{ x'g] s'/f ug'{x'Ì

eÌ] h:tf s'/fsf] aLhf/f]k0f :s"nsf] b}lgs hLjgn] g} pgLx¿df

ul/lbPsf] lyof] . ;aeGbf crDdsf] s'/f t s] eg] s]xL

dxLgf cl3;Dd dfq klg sIff rln/x]s} j]nf ´ofnaf6 ;8s

snfsf/x¿;Fu ukm u/]/ l;+u} Snf;nfO{ x}/fg kfg]{ tf]Qf]–rfg

;d]t tf]df]Pdf uPsf] klxnf] lbg b]lv g} ykSs cfˆgf] ;L6df

a;]/ v'? v'? cfˆgf] kf7 ug{ yfn]sL lyO{ . o;/L 1fgL eP/

6«]gdf al;/x]sL p;nfO{ k'/fgf] :s"nsf] s'g} lzIfsn] b]v]sf] eP

c¿ g} sf]xL xf]nf eGy] xf]nfg\ .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 66 –

g'dfh'df k'u]kl5 pgLx¿ hxfh r9] . pgLx¿n] ;a}n] lrtfP

h:t} lyof] Tof] hxfh . 7"nf] lyPg, t/ klg pgLx¿ ;a} olt

/dfP ls To;sf] s'gf s'gf g5f]8L pgLx¿n] x]/] . slxn] otf

5fd]sf] 5, slxn] ptf ‰'l08Psf] 5 . hxfh rNg yfn]kl5

3f6df ePsf dflg;nfO{ pgLx¿n] xft xNnfP . t/ w]/} k/

gk'Ub} kfgL kg{ yfNof] / pgLx¿ leq uP/ a;] . Ps l5gd}

;d'b|sf] 5fn 7"nf] eof] / hxfhnfO{ a]:;/L xNnfpg yfNof] .

tf]Qf] / p;sf s]xL ;fyLnfO{ jfs\jfs\ nfUg yfNof] . ToxL

j]nf 7"nf s]6fx¿ dWo]sf] Pp6f p7]/ hxfhsf] aLrdf pleof]

/ xlNn/x]sf] hxfhnfO{ l:y/ kfg{ vf]h]sf] gSsn kfg{ yfNof] .

hxfh Psflt/ 9lNs+bf pm v'?/{ bu'b}{ Pp6f 5]pdf k'UYof] /

…pk\mÚ eGYof], clg csf]{lt/ 9lNs+bf km]l/ To;} u/L v'?/{ csf]{lt/

k'UYof] / …pk\mÚ uYof]{ . aRrfx¿nfO{ jfs\jfsL nflu/x]s} eP

klg p;sf] tfn b]v]/ pgLx¿ k]6 ldlrldrL xfF:g yfn] . hxfh

tf]O{df k'u'Gh]n;Dd klg ;a} xfFl;/x]s} lyP . crDdsf] s'/f s]

eof] eg] hxfhaf6 cf]ln{;s]kl5 c¿nfO{ jfs\jfsL nfUg 5f]8\of],

Tof] …pk\m pk\mÚ ug]{ s]6f]nfO{ eg] jfs\jfsL nfUg z'¿ eof] .

;d'b| 5]pdf xl/of] 8fF8fn] 3]/]sf] ;'Gb/ ufpFdf lyof] tf]–O{sf]

tftf]kfgL g'xfpg] 7fpF . Ps l5g cf/fd u/]kl5 lzIfsx¿n]

s]6fs]6LnfO{ ;d'b|df lnP/ uP . :s"nsf] :jLldª k'n h:tf] lyPg

;d'b|, ToxfF eg] ;a}n] :jLldª ;"6 nufP .

Tof] ;d'b|L tftf]kfgLsf] d'xfg crDdsf] lyof] . kvf{n

gnufPsf]n] tftf]kfgLsf] d'xfg / ;d'b|sf] afFsL efu 5'l§Psf]

lyPg . eg]sf] 7fpFdf a:of] eg] 3fF6L 3fF6L;Dd tftf]kfgL cfpFYof]

/ 3/}df tftf]kfgL leq a;] h:tf] dHhf x'GYof] . ;d'b|df x]lng

dg nfUof] eg] kGw| kmL6 h:tf] dfq} bfofF afofF nfu]kl5 kfgL

la:tf/} rL;f] x'GYof] . hlt k/ uof], kfgL Tolt g} rL;f] x'GYof]

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 67 –

/ cfkm" ;d'b|df ePsf] yfxf x'GYof] . ;d'b|df kf}8L v]Nbf v]Nb}

hf8f] eof] eg] o:;f] clnslt otf ;¥of], km]l/ 3fF6L 3fF6L;Dd

tftf]kfgL cfpFYof] / 3/df tftf]kfgLdf 8'a] h:t} x'GYof] . x]bf{

klg /dfOnf] nfUYof] . ptf rL;f] kfgL ePsf] 7fpFdf aRrfx¿

;fdfGo lsl;dn] kf}l8/x]sf b]lvGy] . cln j/ tftf]kfgL ePsf]

7fpFdf eg] aRrfx¿ 3]/f xfn]/ ukm ul//x]sf x'Gy] . b]Vg]

dfG5]n] ;f]Ry] xf]nfg\, æaRrfx¿ klg tftf]kfgLdf k;]kl5 a"9fa"9L

h:tf x'Fbf /x]5g\ .Æ

pmj]nf ;d'b|sf] lsgf/ vfnL vfnL x'GYof] / cfˆg} 7fpFdf eP

‰}+ nfUYof] . To;}n] s]6fs]6Lx¿ a]:;/L /dfP . Toqf] a]/ kfgLdf

k;]/ ;fF‰ 3/ kmls{+bf pgLx¿sf xftsf] 5fnf ;a} 9fl8P/ rfp/L

k/]sf] x'GYof] .

x/]s lbg l;/sdf k;]kl5 s]6fs]6Lx¿ kfn}kfnf] e"tsf] syf

eGy] . tf]Qf]–rfg / klxnf] sIffsf aRrfx¿ t;]{/ lrRofpFy] .

t/ klg æclg s] eof] <Æ eg]/ ;f]Wg eg] 5f]8\b}gy] .

:s"nleqsf] …SoflDkªÚ jf …;fx;sf] k/LIffÚ eGbf Psbd

km/s— jf:tljs hLjgsf] cg'ej lyof] tf]–O{sf] tftf]kfgLsf]

tLglbg] a;fO . h:t}— kfn} kfnf] pgLx¿ t/sf/L jf df5f

lsÌ hfGy] . ckl/lrtx¿n] pgLx¿nfO{ sxfFaf6 cfPsf], s'g

:s"ndf k9\g] eg]/ ;f]w] eg] ljgd| eP/ hjfkm lbg'kYof]{ . s'g}

j]nf sf]xL h+undf cndlnGYof] . sf]xL kf}l8+bf kf}l8+b} lgs} k/

k'Uy] / c¿x¿ cflQGy] . ;d'b| lsgf/sf] afn'jfdf s;}sf] v'§f

km'6]sf] l;;fn] sf6\Yof] . h] eP klg ;a}n] ;a}nfO{ ;s];Dd

d2t ug'{kYof]{ .

h] eP klg w]/}h;f] /dfOn} eof] . htftt} 5\of;5\of:tL

´ofpFls/L ePsf] h+un lyof] . a/km lsÌ kfOg] Pp6f k;n

klg lyof] . clg cfkm}+n] 8'Ëf agfO/x]sf] Pp6f dflg;nfO{ klg

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 68 –

pgLx¿n] ToxL ;d'b| lsgf/df e]6] . 8'Ëfsf] cfsf/ cfO;s]sf]

lyof] . x/]s lbg laxfg} pgLx¿ bu'b}{ hfGy] / slt l;l4P5

eg]/ x]y]{ . tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ tL 8'Ëf agfpg] dflg;n] Pp6f nfdf]

3'd|]sf] sf7sf] e'h'/L klg lbP .

5f8\g] lbgdf x]8df:6/n] eg] æ;D‰gfsf] lglDt Pp6f kmf]6f]

lvr] s;f] xf]nf <Æ ;a} ;Fu;Fu} ePsf] kmf]6f] pgLx¿n] o;cl3

slxNo} lvr]sf lyPgg\ . Tof] ;'Ì] lalQs} ;a} kmf]6f] lvRg

tflQP . Pshgf lzIfsn] Sofd/f tof/ kfg]{ lalQs} s;}nfO{

6\jfOn]6 hfg'kg]{ eof], clg pm kmls{g kfPsf] 5}g csf{n] pN6f]

h'Qf nufPsf] yfxf kfP/ km]g{ yfNof] . lzIfsn] …n ca ;a}

tof/ eof} t <Ú eÌ] j]nf;Dddf kmf]6f]sf] lglDt kf]h ubf{ ubf{

yfs]/ b'O{ hgf aRrf t e'O{+df nDk;f/ eO;s]sf lyP . o;/L

Psbd w]/} a]/ nfUof] kmf]6f] lvRg .

t/ k[i7e"lddf ;d'b| ePsf] / cf–cfˆgf] OR5f cg';f/sf]

kf]hdf lnOPsf] Tof] t:jL/ ;a}sf lglDt cd"No ;DklQ eof] .

Ps gh/ To;df kg]{ lalQs} ;D‰gfdf ;a} s'/f cfpg]— hxfhsf]

Tof] ofqf, Tof] tftf]kfgL, e"tsf tL syfx¿, / Tof] …pk\m pk\m

s]6f]Ú . tf]Qf]–rfgn] Tof] klxnf] udL{sf] ljbf slxNo} lal;{g .

of] Tof] j]nfsf] s'/f xf] ha 6f]lsof]df cfˆgf 3/5]psf]

kf]v/Ldf df5f ;dfTg ;lsGYof], / kmf]xf]/ d}nf cf];fg]{ dflg;sf]

uf8f 7"nf] uf]?n] tfGYof] .

;Dos nofTdstfM o'l/lßS;

udL{sf] 5'§L ;lsPkl5 bf];|f] ;]d]:6/ z'¿ eof] . hfkfgdf pm

j]nf clk|ndf :s"nsf] k9fO z'¿ x'GYof] . cfˆg} Snf;sf s]6fs]6L

dfq xf]Og, tf]Qf]–rfgn] 7"nf] Snf;sf s]6fs]6Lx¿nfO{ klg ;fyL

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 69 –

agfO;s]sL lyO{ . udL{sf] 5'§L e/L ePsf ljleÌ ultljlwsf

sf/0f of] ;Dej ePsf] lyof] . of] cjlwdf tf]df]P ufs'PgnfO{

c¿ a9L dfof ug{ yfnL .

tf]df]Psf sIff t cGo ;fdfGo :s"nsf sIffeGbf km/s

lyP g}, Tof] :s"nsf] csf]{ ljz]iftf s] lyof] eg] ;+uLtsf lglDt

ToxfF k|z:t ;do 5'6\ofOGYof] . cg]s lsl;dsf ;+uLt k|lzIf0f

x'Gy] / x/]s lbg …o'l/lßS;Ú sf] sIff x'GYof] . …o'l/lßS;Ú eg]sf]

:jL6\h/Nof08sf Ps hgf Pldn hfs bfNqmf]h gfdsf ;+uLt–

lzIfsn] ljsf; u/]sf] tfn–1fg l;sfpg] ljz]if t/Lsf xf] . pgsf]

cWoogaf/] klxnf] k6s ;g\ !()$ df dflg;x¿n] yfxf kfP .

clg pgsf] of] t/Lsf o'/f]k / cd]l/sfsf cg';Gwfg ;+:yfgx¿n]

5f]6f] cjlwd} ckgfP / of] ljlw htftt} km}lnof] . bfNqmf]hsf]

…o'l/lßS;Ú tf]df]P;Dd s;/L cfOk'Uof] t eGbf syf o:tf] 5—

tf]df]P ufs'Pg :s"n z'¿ ug'{ eGbfcl3 ljb]zdf aRrfx¿nfO{

s;/L k9fpFbf /x]5g\ egL x]g{ x]8df:6/ ;f];fs' sf]afofzL o'/f]k

uPsf lyP . pgn] w]/} k|fylds ljBfnox¿sf] e|d0f u/] / w]/}

lzIffljb\x¿;Fu s'/f u/] . k]l/;df bfNqmf]h;Fu e]6 eof] hf] Hofb}

/fd|f lzIfs tyf ;+uLt1 lyP .

aRrfx¿nfO{ sfgn] xf]Og dgn] ;+uLt ;'Ì / cg'e"t ug{

s;/L l;sfpg] xf]nf eÌ] af/]df bfNqmf]hn] lgs} ;do nufP/

lrGtg u/]sf lyP . ;+uLtnfO{ Pp6f lghL{j k6\of/nfUbf] ljifosf

¿kdf xf]Og ultzLn hLjGt s'/fsf ¿kdf s;/L cg'e"t ug{

nufpg] / aRrfsf] ;+j]bgzLntfnfO{ s;/L hufpg] eÌ] af/]

nfdf] cWoog u/]sf lyP .

aRrfx¿ plk|m+b} bu'b}{ u/]sf] b[Zo x]l//xFbf pgnfO{ nofTds

Jofofd u/fpg] ljrf/ cfof] h;nfO{ pgn] …o'l/lßS;Ú -;Dos

nofTdstf_ eÌ] gfd lbP .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 70 –

sf]afofzLn] k]l/;sf] bfNqmf]h :s"ndf Ps jif{ latfP/ of]

k|0ffnLaf/] /fd|f];Fu l;s]sf lyP . w]/} hfkfgLx¿ bfNqmf]haf6

k|efljt lyP— ;+uLt–/rlotf sf]:ofs cfdfbf, hfkfgdf cfw'lgs

g[To z'¿ ug]{ afs' OzL, sfa'sL snfsf/ Olrsfjf ;fbfGhL

-låtLo_, cfw'lgs gf6\o k|0f]tf sfcf]? cf];fÌfO{, gt{s ldlrcf]

O{tf] . oL ;a}n] bfNqmf]hsf lzIffnfO{ ljljw snfsf] cfwf/e"ldsf

¿kdf lnPsf lyP . t/ hfkfgsf] k|fylds lzIffdf g} o'l/lßS;

nfu" ug]{ eg] ;f];fs' sf]afofzL g} klxnf JolQm x'g\ .

o'l/lßS; eg]sf] s] eg]/ ;f]Wbf pgL eGy]— æof] To:tf]

v]n xf] h;n] z/L/sf] sfo{ k|0ffnLnfO{ kl/is[t u5{, z/L/nfO{

s;/L k|of]u / lgoGq0f ug]{ egL dgnfO{ l;sfpF5, h;n] dg /

z/L/nfO{ no a'´g ;3fpF5 . noo'Qm JolQmTj ;'Gb/ / alni7

x'G5, hf] k|s[ltsf lgodx¿sf] cjnDag u5{ / tL;Fu Psfsf/

x'G5 .Æ

tf]Qf]–rfgsf] k9fO p;sf] z/L/nfO{ no / tfn a'´g

k|lzlIft ub}{ z'¿ eof] . P;]DAnL xnsf] ;fgf] :6]hdf x]8df:6/

lkofgf] ahfpFy] clg s]6fs]6Lx¿ hxfF eP klg ;+uLtsf] tfndf

lx+8\g yfNy] . h;/L lx+8\g klg kfOGYof], vfnL c¿;Fu g7f]lSsP

k'UYof] . To;f] x'Fbf pgLx¿ ;xh} j[Qfsf/df Pp6} lbzfdf 3'Dg

yfNy] . ;+uLt b'O{ la6sf] 6fOldªdf eP pgLx¿ lx+l8/xFbf ;+uLt

lgb]{zsn] ‰}+ xft tn–dfly uy]{ . v'§f ahfg{ t kfOFb}gYof], t/

To;sf] dtna Aofn]df ‰}+ a"9Lcf}+nfn] dfq} 6]s]/ lx+8\g' klg

lyPg . Psbd} ;xh / cfglGbt eP/ lx+8\g nufOGYof]– v'§fsf

cf}+nfx¿nfO{ l3;f/]s} h:tf] u/L . ;a eGbf dxŒjk"0f{ s'/f lyof]—

:jfefljstf . h:tf] 7Ls nfU5, To;} u/L lx+8\g kfOGYof] . ;+uLt

tLg la6sf] 6fOldªdf km]l/of] eg] pgLx¿ To;} cg'¿k xft

xNnfpFy] / v'§fsf] rfn klg To;}df ldNg] u/L km]y]{, cfjZostf

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 71 –

cg';f/ slxn] 9Lnf] / slxn] l56f] x'GYof] pgLx¿sf] rfn .

^ aL6sf] 6fOldª;Dd ldnfP/ xft tn–dfly ug{ pgLx¿n]

l;Sg'kYof]{ . $ aL6 eg]sf] t ;lhnf] eO uof]— æxft tn, xft

afFw, aflx/, dfly .Æ % aL6sf] x'Fbf eg]— ætn, afFw, cufl8,

aflx/, dfly .Æ clg ^ aL6df rflx+ ætn, afFw, cufl8, km]l/

afFw, aflx/, dfly .Æ

o;/L tfn kl/jt{g eO/xFbf lgs} ufx|f] x'GYof] .

‰g\ ToxfF dfly x]8df:6/n] eGy] ælkofgf]df tfn km]/] klg,

d}n] g} geg'Gh]n ltdLx¿sf] rfn rflx+ gkm]g'{ x} ÛÆ o:tf] j]nfdf

t clt ufx|f] x'GYof] .

egf}+ g, b'O{ aL6sf] tfndf lx+l8/x]sf] j]nf lkofgf] crfgs

tLg aL6df aHg yfNYof] . aRrfx¿ eg] c‰} b'O{ aL6sf] rfnd}

lx+8\g'kYof]{ . ufx|f] x'GYof] o;f] ug{ . t/ dgnfO{ Psfu| agfpg]

zlQmsf] ljsf; ug{ o;f] u/]sf] eg]/ x]8df:6/ eGy] . ha

pgL …n ca rfn km]/Ú eg]/ s/fpFy], ;lhnf] dfg]/ aRrfx¿

tLg aL6df rfn ldnfpFy] . t/ o:tf] j]nf pgLx¿n] Psbd

xf]z k'¥ofpg'kYof]{ . lbdfun] b'O{ aL6 Tofu]/ tLg aL6df rNg

xftv'§fnfO{ cfb]z lbpGh]n ;+uLt kfFr aL6df km]l/g ;SYof] .

z'¿ z'¿df pgLx¿sf xftv'§f hyfefjL rNg vf]Hy] / pgLx¿sf]

d'vaf6 lg:sGYof]— æ;/, kVg' g eGof ÛÆ t/ lj:tf/} cEof;

a9\b} uPkl5 eg] /dfOnf] u/L rfn ldnfpg ;Sg] x'Gy] . clg

s]6fs]6Lx¿ cfkm}+ klg /dfpg yfNy] . slxn]sfxL+ aRrfx¿ cfˆg}

;'/df b'O{ aL6sf] tfndf b'O{ hgf xft ;dft]/ rfn ldnfP/ klg

lx+8\y] . s'g} j]nf cfFvf lrDn]/ klg lx+8\g] sf]lzz uy]{ . s'/f

ug{ eg] kfOÌYof] .

cleefjs–lzIfs dLl6ªdf cfPsf] j]nf cfdfx¿ /dfOnf]

dfg]/ ´ofnaf6 x]y]{ . ;+uLtsf] tfndf x/]s aRrf cf/fd;Fu

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 72 –

xftv'§f ldnfP/ lx+l8/x]sf], /dfP/ plk|m/x]sf] x]bf{ ;'Gb/ nfUYof] .

o;/L o'l/lßS;sf] p2]Zo x'GYof]– ;j{k|yd lbdfu / z/L/

b'j}df tfnsf] r]tgf hufpg], clg z/L/ / cfTdfsf aLrdf

tfbfDo ljsf; ub}{ cGttM sNkgfnfO{ hfu|t u/fP/ ;[hgfTdstf

ljsf; ug]{ .

klxnf] rf]l6 :s"n cfPsf] Tof] lbg tf]Qf]–rfgn] 9f]sfdf

n]lvPsf] gfd x]/]/ cfdfnfO{ ;f]w]sL lyO{— ætf]df]P eg]sf] s]

xf] <Æ

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 73 –

tf]df]P eg]sf] sdf cfsf/sf] k'/ftg lrGx xf] . x]8df:6/n]

cfˆgf] :s"nsf lglDt sfnf] / ;]tf] tf]df]P hf]8]/ ag]sf] Tof]

k"0f{j[Qfsf/ k|frLg lrGx /f]h]sf lyP . of] lrGxn] s]6fs]6Lx¿

dfly pgsf] ck]Iffsf] k|ltlglwTj uYof]{— a/fa/ zf/Ll/s /

dfgl;s ljsf;, clg dg / z/L/ aLr k"0f{ tfbfTDo .

pgn] kf7\oqmddf o'l/lßS; /fv]sf lyP, lsgls aRrfx¿sf]

JolQmTjsf] ljsf; 7"nf dflg;x¿sf] x:tIf]kaf6 k|efljt geO{

:jfefljs ¿kdf x'g o;n] ;3fpnf / /fd|f] gtLhf lg:s]nf eÌ]

pgsf] ljZjf; lyof] .

lnlvt zAbnfO{ dfq hf]8 lbg] k|rlnt lzIff k|0ffnLk|lt

pgsf] tLj| c;xdlt lyof] . k|s[ltk|lt aRrfx¿sf] ;+j]bgzLntf /

k|]/0ffnfO{– hf] O{Zj/sf] dw'/ cfjfh xf]– ;'sfpg] sfd ul//x]sf]

5 o:tf] lzIffk4ltn] eÌ] pgL 7fGy] .

slj afzf]n] n]v]sf lyP—

;'g, Eofu'tf]

k:of] k|frLg tfnsf]

Tof] ;Ìf6fdf .

Eofu'tf kf]v/Ldf pk|m]sf] t w]/}n] b]v]sf xf]nfg\ lg Û oqf]

;+;f/df o'uf}+b]lv lrofbfgLaf6 lg:s]sf] afkm / ¿vaf6 ‰/]sf]

:ofp b]Vg] klg h]D;jf6 / Go'6g dfq} t lyPgg\ xf]nf . cfFvf

x'g', t/ ;'Gb/tf gb]Vg'Ù sfg x'g', t/ ;+uLt g;'Ì'Ù lbdfu x'g',

t/ ;Toaf]w gx'g'Ù x[bo x'g', t/ Tof] slxNo} gklUng' / To;df

efjflUg gaNg'— oL cToGt 8/nfUbf s'/f x'g\ . x]8;/ o;f]

eGy] .

O;f8f]/f 8Íg ‰}+ vfnL v'§fn] pk|mg] / bu'g]{ ubf{ tf]Qf]–rfg

clt g} cfglGbt x'GyL . :s"n hfg' eg]sf] klg o:tf] x'Fbf]/x]5

eÌ] ljZjf; ug}{ p;nfO{ ufx|f] x'GYof] .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 74 –

dnfO{ of] eP k'U5

tf]Qf]–rfg dlGb/sf] d]nfdf uPsf] of] klxnf] k6s lyof] .

p;sf] k'/fgf] :s"nsf] glhs} ;]Ghf]s' tnfpsf] aLrdf Pp6f

;fgf] 6fk' lyof] hxfF ;f}Gbo{ / ;+uLtsL b]jL a]Gt]gsf] dlGb/

lyof] . ToxfF x/]s jif{ d]nf nfUYof] . o:t} jflif{s d]nfsf] Ps

lbg a]n'sL cln cln dfq} pHofnf] ePsf] af6f]af6 cfdfa'af;Fu

lx+8]/, pm d]nf eO/x]sf] :yndf k'Ubf pHofnf aQLx¿n] /ft g}

wkSs an] h:tf] eof] . x/]s ;–;fgf :6nx¿df d'06f] l5/fP/

tf]Qf]–rfgn] x]/L . htftt}af6 crDdsf cfjfh cfO/x]sf

lyP— ljleÌ vfgf ksfpFbfsf] cgf}7f cfjfh . clg ljleÌ

vfgfsf] d'v} /;fpg] af:gf . p;sf lglDt ;a} s'/f gofF /

cgf}7f lyP .

v]nf}gf kfOkaf6 k]k/ldG6sf] zLtn kfOk tfg] ‰}+ tfÌ

x'GYof] . la/fnf] / s's'/ clg Tof] j]nfsL nf]slk|o sf6"{g

rl/q a]6L a'ksf t:jL/x¿n] tL ;hfOPsf lyP . nlnkk

/ …s6g Sof08LÚ lsÌ kfOGYof] . afF;sf] aGb"s klg

lyof]— gnLaf6 Ps lsl;dsf] ‰f/ /fv]/ ws]n]kl5 a'Ë u/]/

k8\lsg] .

af6f] 5]pdf Pshgfn] t/jf/ lgln/x]sf] / l;;fsf

6'qmf rkfO/x]sf] lyof] . clg csf]{ dflg;n] Ps lsl;dsf]

w"nf] a]lr/x]sf] lyof]— srf}/fsf] km]bdf Tof] bNbf cfjfh

cfpFYof] . ;'gf}nf cf} +7L lyP h;n] k};f a]kQf kfl/lbGy] .

3fddf /fv]kl5 dfq b]lvg] lrq, kfgLdf 8'a]kl5 kmqmg]

sfuhsf km"n, s] s] xf] s] s] . oL ;a x]b} {, cfFvfnfO{

otf ptf 8'nfpFb} lx+l8/x]sL tf]Qf]–rfg Ps 7fpFdf k'u]kl5

6Ss /f]lsO{ .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 75 –

Pp6f afs; e/L RofpF RofpF u/]/ s/fO/x]sf ;–;fgf kx]+nf

rNnf lyP . Tof] b]v]/ pm …x]g'{ g rNnfÚ eGb} a]:;/L lrRRofO{ .

cfdf / afafnfO{ tfGb} p;n] egL— ædnfO{ Pp6f rflxof] .

lslglbg' g Pp6f, KnLh ÛÆ

rNnf hlt ;a} tf]Qf]–rfglt/ kms]{, clg ;–;fgf 6fpsf

p7fP/ p;}nfO{ x]g{ yfn] . hLp xNnfpFb} ‰g\ 7"nf] :j/n]

lr/la/fpg yfn] .

ænf} g, slt /fd|fÆ, tf]Qf]n] dgdg} egL . p;n] lhGbuLe/

olt dg kg]{ s'/f b]v]sL lyOgF . ltgsf] 5]pd} 6';'Ss a;L .

cfdf / afaflt/ x]b}{ p;n] km]l/ egL æKnLh .Æ t/ crDd,

afaf–cfdfn] t p;nfO{ ToxfFaf6 tfg]/ nfg kf] vf]h] .

ætkfO{+x¿n] g} eg]sf] xf]Og, dnfO{ s]xL lslglbG5' eg]/ .

dnfO{ oxL eP k'U5 Sof ÛÆ

cfdfn] ;fgf] :j/n] elgg\— æx'Fb}g, afaf . oL lar/f rNnf

t'?Gt} d5{g\ .Æ

?g vf]Hb} tf]Qf]n] egL ælsg lg <Æ

k;n]n] g;'gf];\ eg]/ Psflt/ tfg]/ afafn] eg]— æ;'g\,

tf]RsL . clxn] oL rNnf dfof nfUbf / lx;L k/]sf 5g\ . t/

c;fWo} sdhf]/ 5g\ . w]/} lbg afFRg ;Sb}gg\ . d/]kl5 tF ‰g\

?G5];\ . To;}n] glsgf}+ eg]sf] .Æ

t/ rNnf b]v]/ x'?Ss eO;s]sL tf]Qf]n] s] ;'GyL Û

ædg{ lbÌ Sof d Û d x]/L xfN5' lg ÛÆ

cfdf / afafn] p;nfO{ ToxfFaf6 tfGb} nu] . pm eg]

kmsL{kmsL{ nf]le+b} rNnflt/} x]l//xL . tL rNnfn] klg p;}nfO{

x]l//x] . p;n] dgdg} lgZro u/L— p;nfO{ rNnf afx]s c¿

s]xL rflx+b}g . cfdf–af;Fu pm x7 ug{ yfnL— æKnLh, KnLh,

Pp6f lslglbg' g ÛÆ

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 76 –

cfdf / afafn] 6]b}{ 6]/]gg\ .

æcGTodf tF km]l/ ?g'kg]{5 . To;}n] xfdLn] glslglbPsf] .Æ

tf]Qf]–rfg £jfF £jfF ?g yfnL, 3/ hfg] af6f]df p;sf]

ufnfaf6 alnGb|wf/f cfF;' aUg yfNof] . cFWof/f] af6f]df k'u]kl5

lxSs lxSs ub}{ p;n] egL– æd}n] slxNo} klg olt w]/} s]xL

dg k/fPsL lyOgF . tkfO{+x¿n] km]l/ dnfO{ s]xL lslglbg'kb}{g .

KnLh, dnfO{ Pp6f rNnf lslglbg';\ .Æ

cflv/ cfdfa'afsf] s]xL nfu]g .

jiff{kl5 3fd nfu] h:tf] eof] . b'O{ j6f ;–;fgf rNnf

ePsf] ;fgf] a§f af]s]/ 3/lt/ nfUbf tf]Qf]–rfgsf] cg'xf/el/

d':sfg lyof] .

ef]lnkN6 cfdf / l;sdL{ ldn]/ rNnfsf] lglDt ljz]if

lsl;dsf] vf]/ agfOlbP— rNnfnfO{ Gofgf] /fVg lah'nLsf] rLd

;d]t ePsf] . lbgel/ tf]Qf]–rfg tL rNnfnfO{ x]/]/ a;L . tL

kx]+nf rNnf cf}wL lx:;L k/]sf lyP . t/ s] ug'{, rf}yf] lbgdf

Pp6f rflx+ rNg} 5f]8\of] . kfFrf}+ lbgdf csf]{ klg d¥of] . p;n]

ltgLx¿nfO{ ykykfO{ / af]nfO{ . t/ ltgn] Psrf]l6 RofFSs;Dd

klg u/]gg\ . p;n] kvL{, kvL{ /xL, t/ ltgn] cfFvf vf]Nb}

vf]n]gg\ . pm;n] ?Fb} au}+rfdf Pp6f vfN8f] vgL / tL ;–;fgf

r/LnfO{ cfkm}+n] uf8L . ltgnfO{ /fv]sf] aS;f h:tf] vf]/ vfnL

vfnL / 7"nf] b]lvg yfNof] . Tof] aS;fdf Pp6f ;fgf] kx]+nf]

KjfFv b]Vbf p;n] ‰N‰nL ;D‰L— d]nfdf tL rNnfn] pmlt/ x]/]/

s;/L RofpFRofpF u/]sf lyP . clg a]:;/L bfFt ls6]/ pm r"krfk

/f]O{ /xL .

clxn];Dd c¿ s'g} s'/fdf klg pm olt la£g x'?Ss ePsL

lyOgF . t/ ca Tof] /x]g . p;n] lhGbuLdf klxnf] rf]l6 s]xL

u'dfPsf] / s;};Fu lj5f]8 ePsf] cg'ej u/L .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 77 –

;aeGbf g/fd|f] n'uf

cfˆgf 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ :s"n k7fpFbf ;aeGbf yf]qf n'uf nufP/

k7fpg' egL x]8df:6/ afa'cfdfnfO{ eGg] uy]{ . yf]qf n'uf x'Fbf

RofltP cyjf kmf]xf]/ eP klg vf;} km/s kb}{g eÌ] pgsf] ljrf/

lyof] . n'uf kmf]xf]/ x'G5 ls, RofltG5 ls eÌ] 8/n] aRrfx¿

v]ns'bdf efu lng lxlRsrfpg', n'uf lalu|of] eg]/ 3/df ufnL

vfOG5 ls eg]/ 8/fpg' eg]sf] t nfhdg'{ s'/f xf] eÌ] pgL

7fGy] . tf]df]P glhssf c¿ k|fylds :s"nsf s]6Lx¿ gf};]gfsf]

h:tf] 8«]; nufpFy] . ToxfFsf s]6fx¿ eg] xfOsn/ Hofs]6 /

s6\6' nufpFy] . tf]df]Psf aRrfx¿ cfˆgf] ;fdfGo n'ufdf cfpFy]

/ n'uf lau|G5 ls eÌ] s'g} kL/} gu/L c3fpFhL v]Ng kfpFy] .

Tof] j]nfdf cr]nsf] hLg h:tf] alnof] sk8fn] ag]sf] KofG6

x'Fb}gYof] . To;}n] ;a}h;f] s]6fx¿sf] KofG6 k|foM 6fn]sf] x'GYof] .

s]6Lx¿n] nufpg] :s6{ kfP;Dd alnof] sk8fn] ag]sf] x'GYof] .

vfnL ;dodf tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ ;aeGbf ug{ dg nfUg] s'/f

eg]sf] csf{sf] au}+rf jf vfnL Kn6x¿df nufPsf] af/d'lg l3;|g'

x'GYof] . To;}n], n'ufsf af/]df lrGtf ug'{ gkg]{ s'/f p;sf] nflu

uHha /fd|f] lyof] . pmj]nf htftt} sfF8] tf/sf] af/ nufOPsf]

x'GYof] . s'g} s'g} af/ t tn e'O{+d} hf]l8Psf x'Gy] . To:tf]

af/d'lgaf6 k:g s's'/n] ‰}+ e'O{+ vf]l;|g'kYof]{ . hlt;'s} xf]z

k'¥ofP klg tf]Qf]–rfgsf] n'uf sfF8]tf/sf] sfF8fn] e]l6xfNYof],

/ RofltGYof] . Psrf]l6 Pp6f k'/fgf] dl:ngsf] n'uf dflyb]lv

tn;Dd Wjf/}{ Rofltof] . k'/fgf] eP klg cfdfnfO{ Tof] n'uf w]/}

dg kYof]{ eÌ] p;nfO{ yfxf lyof] . sfF8]tf/df cN‰]/ Rofltof]

eg]/ cfdfnfO{ eÌ] cfF6 p;nfO{ ePg . RofltOg} kg]{ l:ylt cfof]

eg]/ 9fF6\g p;n] Pp6f syf /rL .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 78 –

3/ k'u]kl5 p;n] egL— æd af6f]df lx+l8/x]sf] j]nf

glrg]sf w]/} s]6fs]6Lx¿ cfP/ d]/f] 9f8df rSs' xfg], clg d]/f]

n'uf o;/L Rofltof] .Æ o;f] elg/xFbf cfdfn] c¿ k|Zg ;f]lwg\

eg] s] eÌ] xf]nf eg]/ dgdg} pm uDb} lyO{ . wÌ cfdfn] æP˜˜,

s:tf] eP5 xlu ÛÆ dfq elgg\ .

tf]Qf]–rfgn] v'Oøo ;f; km]/L . To:tf] j]nfdf hlt;'s} dg kg]{

n'uf eP klg RofltOxfN5 lg eÌ] cfdfn] a'l‰g\ eÌ] p;nfO{ nfUof] .

:jfefljs lyof]— rSs'sf] syf cfdfn] kTofPsL lyOgg\ .

rSs' xfg]sf] eP n'uf dfq} Roflt+b}gYof], p;nfO{ rf]6 klg

nfUYof] . t/ 5f]/Ln] 9fFl6/x]sL 5 eg]/ t cfdfn] t'?Gt} yfxf

kfOxflng\ . t}klg olt d]xgt u/]/ syf /Rg' klg t ;lhnf]

lyPg Û n'uf RofltPsf]df t p;nfO{ g/fd|f] nflu/x]sf] /x]5 lg

eÌ] a'‰]/ cfdfnfO{ v'zL g} nfUof] . t/ cfdfnfO{ cs}{ Pp6f s'/f

yfxf kfpg klg lgs} ;do cufl8b]lv dg nflu/x]sf] lyof] .

oxL xf] plrt df}sf eÌ] pgnfO{ nfUof] .

cfdfn] elgg\— æltd|f] n'uf t rSs'n] clg To:t} s]–s]n]

Roflt+bf]/x]5 . Tof] t d}n] a'‰]+ . t/ Kof06L klg s;/L lbglbg}

RofltG5, eg t ÛÆ

tf]Qf]–rfgsf] ‰Nn/L lsgf/ ePsf] Kof06Lsf] kl5lNt/ s;/L

lbglbg} RofltG5 eÌ] s'/f cfdfn] a'´g} ;s]sL lyOgg\ . ;'Nn–

Kofr v]Nbf d}nf] x'g], 3;|]/ kftnf] x'g] s'/f t a'´g ;lsGYof] .

t/ w'hfw'hf eP/ RofltPsf] rflx+ s;/L xf]nf <

tf]Qf]–rfgn] Psl5g udL, clg egL– æaf/sf] d'lgaf6 l3;|]/

k:bf :s6{nfO{ t sfF8fn] ;dfOxfN5 lg, clg kmls{g] j]nfdf

KofG6LnfO{ e]6\5 . clg km]l/ …PS;So"h dL, d leq cfpFm <Ú eÌ'k¥of],

clg km]l/ …nf} t, hfpF x} <Ú eÌ'k¥of] . clg sfF8] af/sf] Ps 5]paf6

csf]{ 5]p;Dd o;f] ubf{ t Kof06L / c¿ s'/f RofltOxfN5 lg ÛÆ

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 79 –

cfdfn] jf:tjdf s]xL a'l‰gg\, t/ ;'Gbf crDd / /dfOnf]

nfUof] pgnfO{ .

æp;f] eP /dfOnf] x'G5, xf]Og <Æ

æcfkm}+ ul/x]g'{ g ÛÆ cfdfn] s] ;f]Wof xf]nf egL tfHh'a

dfGb} tf]Qf]–rfgn] egL— æs:tf] /dfOnf] x'G5 . x]g'{ g, tkfO{+sf]

Kof06L klg RofltG5 .Æ

tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ olt ;fx|f] dg k/]sf] Tof] v]n o:tf] x'GYof]—

;aeGbf klxn] sfF8] tf/n] 3]/]sf] 7"nf] vfnL 7fpF km]nf

kfg'{kYof]{ . …PS;So"h dL, d leq cfpF x} <Ú eg]sf] rflx+ s] /]

eg] ;aeGbf tnsf] tf/nfO{ p7fpg], To; d'lgsf] e'O{+ vf];|]/

vfN8f] kfg]{ clg To;af6 l3;|]/ leq k:g] . leq kl;;s]kl5

km]l/ ToxL tf/ p7fpg], p;} u/L vfN8f] vÌ], clg l3;|Fb}

k5fl8kl§af6 lg:sg]– of] rflx+ ænf} t, ca hfpF x}Æ eg]sf]

/] . o;} u/L bf]xf]¥ofO{ t]x¥ofO{ æPS;So"h dL, dleq cfpF

x} <Æ eGb} tf/ d'lg vf];|g], csf]{ gofF vfN8f] vg]/ ænf} t,

ca hfpF x} <Æ eGb} lg:sg] ubf{ x/]s rf]l6 :s6{ / Kof06L t

Rofltg] g} eof] . tf]Qf]–rfg /dfO{–/dfO{ sfF8] af/sf] Ps5]paf6

csf]{ 5]p;Dd o;} u/L cufl8 k5fl8 uyL{ . Kof06L s;/L

gRofltof];\ <

7"nf dflg;sf lglDt o:tf] v]n kSs} k6\of/nfUbf] / ysfpg]

x'Fbf] xf], /dfOnf] t k6Ss} x'g] lyPg . t/ aRrfx¿sf] lglDt

eg] oxL v]n slt /dfOnf] Û xft / gªe/L dfq xf]Og sfg

;d]t w'nfDd] ePsL tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ x]l//xFbf cfdfsf] dgdf stf

stf clnslt O{iof{ h:tf] klg nfUof] . x]8df:6/k|lt km]l/ pgsf]

dgdf ;Ddfg hfUof] . aRrfx¿n] rfx] hlt kmf]xf]/ kfg{ kfpg]

n'uf nufpg\ eÌ] pgsf] ljrf/ aRrfx¿sf] :jefjsf] af/] pgsf]

;xL 1fgsf] k|df0f lyof] .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 80 –

tfsfxfzL

Ps lbg laxfg} :s"nsf] d}bfgdf pgLx¿ otf ptf bu'l//x]sf]

j]nf x]8df:6/n] eg]— æn, ltdLx¿sf] gofF ;fyL cfPsf] 5 . pm

tfsfxfzL xf] . klxnf] sIffdf a:5 pm .

tf]Qf]–rfg nufotsf aRrfx¿n] tfsfxfzLnfO{ x]/] . p;n]

cfˆgf] 6f]kL km'sfn]/ nhfpFb} …gd:t]Ú eGof] .

tf]Qf]–rfg / p;sf ;xkf7Lx¿ e/v/ klxnf] sIffdf ePsfn]

;fgf lyP . t/ tfsfxfzL lszf]/ eP klg ;fgf] hLpsf] lyof] .

p;sf xftv'§f lgs} 5f]6f lyP . p;n] 6f]kL ;dflt/x]sf] xft

klg TolQs} ;fgf] lyof] . t/ p;sf sfFw eg] km/flsnf lyP .

pm lhNn k/]/ ;+sf]rsf ;fy ToxfF pleO/x]sf] lyof] .

ldof]–rfg / ;fSsf]–rfgnfO{ tf]Qf]n] egL— æhfpmF, pm;Fu

s'/f u/f}+ ÛÆ pgLx¿ tfsfxfzL eP 7fpF uP . glhs k'Ubf pm

d}qL efjdf d':s'/fof] . pgLx¿ klg hjfkmdf d';'Ss xfF;] .

tf]Qf]–rfgn] egL— æ/]nleq xfd|f] sIff x]5f}{ <Æ

6f]kL nufpFb} tfsfxfzLn] æcF ÛÆ eGof] .

p;nfO{ sIffsf]7f b]vfpg] xtf/f]df ePsL tf]Qf]–rfg a'?Ss

pk|m]/ /]n r9L / 9f]sfdf pleP/ æl56f] cfpÆ eg]/ s/fpg

yfnL .

bu'g{ vf]Hb} pm klg s/fof]– æcfpFb}5'Æ eg]/ .

kf]lnof] ePsf] of;'cfsL–rfgn] h:tf] v'§f gl3;f/] klg

p;nfO{ klg 6«]g;Dd cfOk'Ug plQs} ;do nfUbf] /x]5 eÌ]

tf]Qf]–rfgn] yfxf kfO{ . pm r'krfk p;nfO{ kvL{ /xL .

tfsfxfzL cfkm"n] ;s] hlt bu'/L /x]sf] lyof] / p;nfO{

æl56f] u/Æ eÌ] cfjZostf lyPg . p;sf v'§f 5f]6f /

afËf lyP . lzIfs / c¿ 7"nf dflg;nfO{ yfxf lyof]– pm

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 81 –

a9\g 5f]l8;s]sf] lyof] . tf]Qf]–rfgn] p;}nfO{ x]l//x]sf]

b]v]kl5 pm xft xNnfpFb} c¿ l56f] bu'¥of] . 9f]sfdf k'u]kl5

p;n] eGof]— æltdL stL l56f] bu'/]sL ÛÆ clg eGof]— æd

cf];fsfaf6 cfPsf] .Æ

æcf];fsf /] <Æ tf]Qf]–rfg bË k/]/ lrRofO{ . cf];fsf

p;n] slxNo} gb]v]sf] ;kgfsf] zx/ lyof] . p;sf sfG5f dfdf

ljZjljBfnosf ljBfyL{ lyP . pgL 3/ cfPsf j]nf hlxn] klg

tf]Qf]–rfgsf] 6fpsf]nfO{ b'O{ xftsf] aLrdf Rofk]/ ;s];Dd dfly

prfNy] / eGy], æd ltdLnfO{ cf];fsf b]vfpF5' . b]Vof} cf];fsf <Æ

7"nf dfG5]n] s]6fs]6L;Fu v]Ng] v]n dfq lyof] Tof] . t/

tf]Qf]–rfg eg] ;fFRr} kTofpFyL . dfofn] To;f] ubf{ p;sf]

cg'xf/sf] 5fnf tlGsGYof], cfFvf RofltGYof] / sfg klg b'VYof] .

t/ klg pm eg] k/ k/;Dd x]yL{ cf];fsf b]lvOxflnG5 ls eg]/ .

slxNo} b]Vg ;lsg p;n], t/ klg Ps lbg b]lvG5 eÌ] p;nfO{

nfUYof] / dfdf cfPsf j]nf ædnfO{ cf];fsf b]vfpg' g ÛÆ eGyL .

o;/L cf];fsf p;sf] ;kgfsf] zx/ ePsf] lyof] / tfsfxfzL

ToxL cf];fsfaf6 cfPsf] lyof] .

p;n] tfsfxfzLnfO{ egL— æcf];fsfsf] af/]df xfdLnfO{

;'gfp g ÛÆ

v'zL x'Fb} p;n] eGof]— æcf];fsfsf] af/] <Æ p;sf] :j/ :ki6

/ cln kfsf] kfsf] lyof] . t/ ToxL j]nf Snf;sf] 306L nfUof] .

lbSs x'Fb} æx/] ÛÆ egL tf]Qf]–rfgn] . tfsfxfzL /dfpFb}

leq k:of] . :s"n Aofun] s/La s/La k"/} 5f]k]sf] p;sf] ;fgf]

hLpnfO{ xNnfpFb} cl3Nnf] k+lQmdf uP/ pm a:of] . tf]Qf]–rfg

xtf/ xtf/ p;s} 5]pdf uP/ a;L . hxfF klg a;] x'g] s'/fn]

pm v'zL lyO{ . p;nfO{ 5f]8\g pm rfxÌyL . o;/L tfsfxfzL

klg p;sf] ;fyL aGof] .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 82 –

…x]/]/ dfq kmfn xfÌ'Ú

:s"naf6 kms{+bf 3/ k'Ug] k'Ug] j]nflt/ tf]Qf]–rfgn]

af6f]5]pdf s]xL cfsif{s s'/f b]vL . afn'jfsf] 7"nf] y'k|f] .

;d'b|b]lv Tolt 6f9f s;/L cfO{ k'Uof xf]nf afn'jf < s:tf]

crDd Û ;kgf b]lv/x]sf] t xf]Og < tf]Qf]–rfg /f]dflGrt eO{ .

Ps rf]l6 a'?Ss pk|m]kl5, a]:;/L bu'b}{ pm hf]8n] pk|m]/ Ps}

rf]l6 Tof] y'k|f]sf] 6'Kk}df k'uL . t/ Tof] t afn'jf xf]Og /x]5 Û

lnpg nufpg eg]/ s'xfpg /fv]sf] df6f] / kftkltË/sf] y'k|f]

kf] /x]]5 Û :s"nAofu / h'Qfsf] ‰f]nf ;lxt l;Ë} pm 5ftL;Dd}

Tof] n]l;nf] df6f]sf] y'k|f]df ufl8O{— ;flns h:t} . aflx/

lg:sg] hlt k|oTg u¥of], p;sf v'§f t ‰g\ ‰g\ kmF:b} uP .

p;sf] h'Qf s/La s/La km'l:sof] / k"/} g8'laof];\ eg]/ pm

xf]lzof/ x'g'kg]{ l:ylt eof] . clg t xnrn gu/L, h'Qfsf]

‰f]nf ;dft]sf] b]a|] xftnfO{ ToxL n]l;nf] rLh leq 3';f/]/

l7Ë pleg' l;jfo c¿ s'g} rf/f ePg . p;n] glrg]sf Ps

b'O{ hgf dlxnfx¿ ToxL af6f] cfpFb} lyP . tf]Qf]n] ;fgf] :j/n]

…PS;So"h dLÚ egL . t/ pm v]ln/x]sL xf]nL eGg] 7g]/ tL

dlxnfx¿ d';'Ss xfF:b} uP .

lj:tf/} ;fF‰ kg{ yfNof] / cFWof/f] x'Fb} uof] . cfdf p;nfO{

vf]Hb} cfOk'lug\ . Tof] df6f]sf] y'k|f]af6 tf]Qf]–rfgsf] 6fpsf] dfq

lg:s]sf] b]v]/ pgL 5Ss kl/g\ . Pp6f afF; vf]h]/ pgn] To;sf]

Ps 5]p tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ ;dfTg nufOg\ clg p;nfO{ aflx/

tflgg\ . z'¿df pgn] xft}n] tfÌ vf]h]sL lyOg\, t/ pgs} v'§f

Tof] y'k|f]df 6fFl;g vf]Hof] .

tf]Qf] k"/} v/fgL /Ësf] lnpgn] 9flsPsL lyO{— kvf{n h:t} .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 83 –

cfdfn] elgg\— æltdLnfO{ klxNo} klg eg]sf] xf]Og < cfkm"n]

yfxf gkfPsf], glrg]sf] s'/fnfO{ /fd|f];Fu x]/]/ dfq} kmfnxfÌ' k5{

eg]/ ÛÆ

cfdfn] …klxNo} eg]sf]Ú eGof 36gf rflx+ Ps lbg :s"ndf

vfgf vfg] j]nf 36]sf] lyof] . P;]DAnL xnsf] kl5lNt/sf]

;fgf] uf]/]6f]df tf]Qf]–rfg lx+l8/x]sL lyO{ . aLr af6f]df Pp6f

va/sfut b]vL . pk|m]/ 7\ofSs} Tof] va/sfuh dfly g} v'§f

6]Sg ;lsG5 ls ;ls+b}g x]g{ dhf x'G5 eg]/ pm Ps b'O{ sbd

k5fl8 x6L, Ps b'O{rf]l6 cln slt pk|mL clg Tof] va/sfuhsf]

s]Gb|nfO{ tfs]/ lah'nLsf] ultdf a]tf]8n] bu'b}{ pk|mL . t/ Ps

l5g 5f]Kg eg]/ kfn]bfOn] rkL{sf] dËfnnfO{ 5f]k]sf] kf] /x]5 Tof]

va/sfuhn] . s+lqm6sf] 9Ssg lgsfn]sf]n] uGxfpnf eg]/ cfkm"

Ps l5g aflx/ uPsf] j]nf pgn] va/sfutn] o:;f] 5f]k]sf

/x]5g\ . KNofQ u/]/ tf]Qf]–rfg ;Lw} Tof] u'x] gfnLdf v;]sL

lyO{ . lahf]u} eof] . t/ p;nfO{ wf]O{ kvfnL u/]/ km]l/ /fd|L

;'lsnL s]6L agfpg ;s]sf lyP c¿n] . cfdfn] eg]sf] ToxL

j]nfsf] s'/f lyof] .

æca slxNo} s]xL dfly klg o;/L kmfn xflGbgÆ eg]/ ;fgf]

:j/n] tf]Qf]n] egL . cfdfn] /fxtsf] ;f; km]l/g\ . t/ t'?Gt}

tf]Qf]n] h] egL, To;n] eg] v'zL x'g] a]n} ePsf] /x]g5 eÌ]

pgnfO{ nfUof] .

p;n] egL— æcab]lv va/sfuh / df6f]sf] y'k|f]df slxNo}

kmfnxflGbg .Æ

cfdfnfO{ kSsf lyof]— s]xL g s]xL dfly t tf]Qf]–rfg

kmfn xfg]/} 5f]8\5] .

pgLx¿ 3/ k'Ubf ‰dSs} cFWof/f] eO;s]sf] lyof] .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 84 –

…clg=== cF===Ú

tf]df]Psf] nGr 6fO{d hlxn] klg /dfOn} x'GYof] . xfn;fn}

eg] csf]{ Pp6f /dfOnf] ylkPsf] lyof] .

x]8df:6/n] ;w}+ ‰}+ clxn] klg krf;} hgf ljBfyL{sf]

nGraS; x]y]{— …kxf8af6 s]xL / ;d'b|af6 s]xLÚ NofPsf] 5

ls 5}g eg]/ hfFRg . clg pgsL >LdtL b'O{ j6f tfjf lnP/

s;}sf] nGraS;df gk'u]sf] s'/f ylklbg x/bd tof/ /xlGyg\ .

pgLx¿ ;a}n] ufpFy]—

ævfp vfp ;fyL xf], rkfP/ vfp

df;' eft df5f ;a} rkfP/ vfpÆ

clg …Otfbflsdf;Ú cyf{t\ æd s[t1tfsf ;fy of] u|x0f

u5'{Æ eg]/ vfg yfNy] . cr]n eg] æd s[t1tfsf ;fy of]

u|x0f u5'{Æ elg;s]kl5 s;}n] 5f]6f] jQmJo lbg'kg]{ gofF lgod

a;]sf] lyof] .

Ps lbg x]8df:6/n] eg]— ædnfO{ nfU5, ltdLx¿n] /fd|f];Fu

af]Ng klg ;Sg'k5{ . ltdLx¿nfO{ s:tf] nfU5 < cab]lv, lbpF;f]sf]

vfgf vfFbf x/]s lbg kfn} kfnf] Pshgf aLrdf pleP/ c¿

;a}nfO{ s]xL ;'gfpg] u/f}+ . s;f] xf]nf <Æ

s;} s;}nfO{ nfUof] pgLx¿ cfkm}+ /fd|f] af]Ng ghfg] klg

c¿sf s'/f ;'Ì /dfOn} xf]nf . s;}nfO{ eg] cfkm"n] hfg]sf]

s'/f ;a}nfO{ atfpg t v"a dHhf xf]nf eÌ] klg nfUof] .

tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ s] af]Ng] eÌ] yfxf geP klg sf]lzz ul/x]g{ dg

nfUof] . h] xf];\, w]/} h;f] s]6fs]6LnfO{ Tof] ljrf/ dg k¥of] /

csf]{ lbgb]lv g} jQmJosf] sfo{qmd z'¿ ug]{ lg0f{o eof] .

hfkfgL aRrfx¿nfO{ ;fdfGotof vfg] j]nfdf s'/f gug'{

egL l;sfOG5 . t/ x]8df:6/ eg] pgsf] cfˆgf] ljb]z–cg'ejsf

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 85 –

sf/0f cfˆgf lziox¿nfO{ vfg] j]nfdf k|z:t ;do lnP/

s'/fsfgL ub}{ /dfP/ vfg xf}:ofpFy] .

clg yk s'/f s] eg] s]6fs]6Lx¿n] c¿sf cufl8 pleP/

gnhfO{ lgw{Ss eP/ cfˆgf s'/f :ki6;Fu cleJoQm ug{ ;Sg'k5{

eÌ] pgnfO{ nfUYof] . of] l;4fGtnfO{ ca Jojxf/df 9fNg] j]nf

eof] eÌ] pgn] lg0f{o u/] .

ljBfyL{x¿n] of] ljrf/sf] cg'df]bg ul/;s]kl5 x]8df:6/n]

eg]sf] s'/fnfO{ tf]Qf]–rfgn] Wofgk"j{s ;'gL—

æcfkm" /fd|f] jQmf xf] ls x}g eg]/ ltdLx¿n] lrGtf

ug'{kb}{g . h] dg k5{, To;}sf] af/] af]n] x'G5 . cfkm"nfO{ ug{ dg

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 86 –

nfu]sf] s'/f af/] af]n] klg x'G5 . h] ePÚlg x'G5 . h;/L eP

klg af]Ng' rflx+ k5{ . sf]lzz u/L x]/f}+ x} t ÛÆ

jQmfx¿sf] kfnf] tf]lsof] . clg af]Ng] kfnf] k/]sf] dfG5]n]

uLt l;l4g] lalQs} l56f] l56f] vfO;Sg'kg]{ eÌ] klg lg0f{o eof] .

:s"ndf ePe/sf ;a}sf] aLrdf pleg' eg]sf] b'O{ rf/ hgf

;fyLsf aLrdf s'/f ug'{eGbf w]/} ufx|f] /x]5 / k|z:t ;fx;

rflx+bf] /x]5 eÌ] s'/f a'´g ljBfyL{nfO{ w]/} ;do nfu]g . s]xL

ljBfyL{ t z'¿–z'¿df olt nhfP ls lvt–lvt xfF;]/} pleO/x] .

Pp6f s]6f]n] lgs} ;do nufP/ tof/L u¥of] t/ aLrdf pleg]

lalQs} ;a} lal;{of] . lgs} /fd|f] ;'lgg] zLif{snfO{ p;n] w]/} k6s

bf]xf]¥ofof] æEofu'tfx¿ lsg 5]plt/ plk|mG5g\Æ clg æha jiff{

x'G5===Æ af6 z'¿ u¥of], t/ Tof]eGbf cl3 a9\g ;s]g . cGTodf

…TolQ xf] ÛÚ eg]/ ‰'Sof] clg cfˆgf] ;L6df uP/ a:of] .

tf]Qf]–rfgsf] kfnf] c‰} cfO;s]sf] lyPg . t/ kfnf] cfPkl5

p;sf] dg kg]{ …/fhs'df/ / /fhs'df/LÚsf] syf eG5' eg]/

dgdg} lg0f{o ul/;s]sL lyO{ . ;a}nfO{ Tof] syf s07 lyof] .

aLrsf] 5'§Ldf p;n] Tof] syf ;'gfpg vf]Hbf ;fyLx¿n] æeof] Û

Tof] ;'Gbf ;'Gbf jfSs eO;Sof]Æ elg;s]sf lyP . t/ klg ToxL

syf ;'gfpg] p;n] lg0f{o u/L .

of] gofF sfo{qmd /fd|} rln/x]sf] lyof] . t/ Ps lbg eg]

kfnf] k/]sf] s]6fn] s]xL af]Ng} dfg]g . …d]/f] s]xL eÌ' 5}gÚ

eg]/ p;n] 3f]if0f} ul/lbof] . tf]Qf]–rfg 5Ss k/L . …af]Ng]

s'/f klg s;/L gx'g] xf]nf ÛÚ t/ Tof] s]6f;Fu t af]Ng] s'/}

lyPg . x]8df:6/ Tof] s]6f] sxfF uP— p;sf] nGraS; eg]

vfnL eO;s]sf] lyof] . pgn] eg]— æp;f] eP af]Ng] s'/} 5}g

xlu, ltdL;Fu <Æ

æcxF, s]xLÚlg 5}g .Æ

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 87 –

Tof] aRrfn] s'g} rnfvL ug{ vf]h]sf] jf c¿ To:tf] s]xL

xf]Og . jf:tjd} pm;Fu af]Ng] s'/f lyPg .

6fpsf]nfO{ o:;f] kl5lNt/ ‰6\sfb}{, cfˆgf] yf]t] bfFtsf] jf:t}

gu/L x]8df:6/ dHhfn] xfF;] . ltd|f] nflu af]NgnfO{ s]xL s'/f

vf]hf}+ x} t ÛÆ

æs]xL s'/f vf]Hg] /] <Æ lhNn k/]/ Tof] s]6f]n] eGof] .

x]8df:6/ cfkm" Tof] s]6f]sf] ;L6df a;]/ p;nfO{ aLrdf

pEofP . clg eg] æ;D‰L x]/ t— cfh laxfg p7]kl5 :s"n

cfpg'cl3 s] s] u¥of} <Æ

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 88 –

skfn sGofpFb} p;n] eGof] æcF=== s] /]===Æ

æ:ofaf;\ Û ltdLn] …s] /]Ú eGof} . s]xL t eGof} lg xf]Og,

s]xL s'/f t /x]5 . n eg, …s] /]Ú, kl5 s] eof] <

æcF, s] /], clg cF=== d p7]+Æ p;n] c¿ hf]8n] skfn

sGofpFb} eGof] .

tf]Qf]–rfg / c¿nfO{ xfF;f] pl7/x]sf] lyof], t}klg pgLx¿n]

Wofgk"j{s ;'g] . Tof] s]6f] af]ln/Xof] . …clg=== cF===Ú p;n] km]l/

skfn sGofof] . x]8df:6/ w}o{k"j{s al;/x], pgsf] cf]7df dw'/

d':sfg lyof] / xftn] 8]:snfO{ ;dflt/x]sf lyP . pgn] eg]

æ/fd|f] 5 . 7Ls 5, 7Ls 5 . ltdL cfh laxfg p7\of} . ;a}nfO{

olt a'‰fpg ;Sof} lg Û c;n jQmf x'g ;a}nfO{ xF;fpg'k5{ jf

7§f ug'{k5{ eÌ] 5}g . Ps l5g cl3 …eÌnfO{ s]xL s'/} 5}gÚ

eGb} lyof} t Û clxn] t af]Ng] s'/f kfof} lg xf]Og < of] kf] xf]

t 7"nf] s'/f ÛÆ

t/ Tof] s]6f] a;]g . 7"n7"nf] :j/df pm eÌ yfNof]—…clg===

cF===Ú

s]6fs]6Lx¿ ;a} cl3lNt/ ‰'s]/ ;'Ì yfn] . nfdf] ;f; lnP/

p;n] eGof]— æclg===cF=== s] /]=== cfdfn] …bfFt df‰Ú eÌ' ef]

cF=== s] /]=== d}n] bfFt df‰]+ .Æ

x]8df:6/n] tfnL lk6] . c¿n] klg pgsf] l;sf] u/] . clg

t cl3 eGbf klg c‰} 7"nf] :j/df p;n] eGof]— æclg=== cF===

s] /] ÛÆ

s]6fs]6Lx¿ tfnL lk6\g 5f]8]/ c¿ cl3 9NsFb} ;f; /f]s]/

;'Ì yfn] .

cGTodf ljhoL d'b|fdf p;n] eGof] æclg=== cF=== d :s"n

cfPF .Æ

p;sf] s'/f ;'Ì Pshgf 7"nf] Snf;sf] s]6f] cufl8 9lNs+bf

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 89 –

9lNs+b} olt 9NSof] ls ;Gt'ng u'dfP/ p;sf] cg'xf/ nGr

aS;df ahfl/of] . h] eP klg Tof] s]6fn] af]NgnfO{ cflv/df

s]xL g s]xL s'/f kfPsf]df ;a}hgf Psbd v'zL eP .

x]8df:6/n] a]:;/L tfnL lk6] . tf]Qf]–rfg / c¿n] klg

To;} u/] . c‰} aLrdf pleO/x]sf] …clg===cF===Ú s]6f] ;d]t tfnL

lkl6/x]sf] lyof] .

;DejtM 7"nf] eO;s]kl5 klg Tof] tfnLsf] cfjfh p;n]

slxNo} la;]{g xf]nf .

…xfdL v]nL dfq} /fv]sf] xf]Ú

tf]Qf]–rfgsf] 7"nf] b'3{6gf eof] . :s"naf6 3/ kms]{kl5

vfgf vfg'cl3 pm / /sL …AjfF;f]Ú eP/ v]Nbf v]Nb} Tof] 36gf

36]sf] lyof] .

pgLx¿ z'¿df Pp6f v]n v]Nb} lyP— b'O{lt/af6 klN6+b}

cfpg] clg Pscsf{;Fu 7f]lSsPkl5 Ps l5g ‰u8f ug]{ . lgs}

rf]l6 o;/L v]ln;s]kl5 pgLx¿n] Tof]eGbf cln ufx|f] v]n v]Ng]

lg0f{o u/]— lg0f{o t cflv/ tf]Qf]–rfgn] t ug]{ xf] lg Û ljrf/

s] lyof] eg] klN6+b} cfP/ aLrdf 7f]lSsP kl5 h;n] a9L

8/nfUbf] AjfF;f]sf] cg'xf/ agfpF5, pm ljhoL x'g] . /sL hd{g

;]km8{ s's'/ ePsfn] p;nfO{ AjfF;f] h:tf] b]lvg ufx|f] lyPg .

sfg 7f8f] kf/]/ ;a} bfFt b]vfpFb} d'v vf]n] k'luxfNYof] .

tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ eg] AjfF;f]sf] cg'xf/ agfpg lgs} ufx|f] lyof] .

nfdf] nfdf] sfg h:tf] b]lvg] u/L 6fpsfsf] b'O{ lt/ xft

/fv]/ ;s'Gh]n 7"nf] cfF uyL{ clg 3'/]sf] h:tf] cfjfh lgsfNb}

/sLnfO{ 6f]Sg vf]h] h:tf] gSsn kfyL{ . z'¿ z'¿df t /sL

/fd|};Fu v]ln/x]sf] lyof] . t/ Tof] cflv/ 5fp/f] g lyof] Û

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 90 –

Ps l5g kl5 t p;n] v]n]sf] eÌ] g} la:of]{ / tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{

;fFRr} 6f]lslbof] .

pd]/df ;fg} eP klg /sL tf]Qf]–rfg eGbf ‰08} bf]Aa/

7"nf] lyof] / p;sf ltvf wfl/nf bfFt lyP . s] eof] eÌ] e]p

kfpg'cl3 g} p;sf] bflxg] sfg 6fpsf]af6 ‰'l08of] / /utsf]

wf/f aUg yfNof] .

pm lrRofPsf] ;'g]/ cfdf efG;fb]lv s'b]/ cfOg\ . x]l5{g\ t

Pp6f s'gfdf tf]Qf]–rfg b'j} xftn] bflxg] sfg 5f]k]/ /sL;Fu

al;/x]sL 5 . p;sf] n'uf /utn] /lËPsf] lyof] . a}7s sf]7fdf

efof]lng ahfO/x]sf a'af klg bu'b}{ ToxL+ cfOk'u] . /sLsf]

cg'xf/ x]bf{ cfkm"n] ug{ gx'g] s]xL u/]5' eÌ] p;n] a'‰] h:tf]

b]lvGYof] . k'R5/ n'sfP/ 6L7nfUbf] u/L pm tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{

x]l//x]sf] lyof] .

Toltv]/ tf]Qf]–rfgsf] dgdf Pp6} s'/f cfO/x]sf] lyof]—

a'af–cfdf a]:;/L l/;fP/ /sLnfO{ lgsflnlbP eg] jf c¿ s;}nfO{

lbP eg] s] ug]{ xf]nf . p;sf nflu Tof] eGbf g/fd|f] / gdhfsf]

s'/f x'g} ;Sb}gYof] . pm /sL;Fu} 6fFl:;P/ a;L / bfofF sfg

5f]k]/ af/Daf/ s/fO/xL—æ/sLnfO{ ufnL gug'{ Û /sLnfO{ ufnL

gug'{ x} ÛÆ

cfdf / a'afnfO{ eg] p;sf] sfgdf s] ePsf] xf]nf eÌ]

a9L lrGtf lyof] . pgLx¿n] p;sf] xft kG5fP/ x]g{ vf]h] .

tf]Qf]–rfgn] eg] dl/uP Tof] xft x6fpg dflggF . vfnL s/fO{

dfq /xL ædnfO{ b'v]sf] 5}g . /sL;Fu gl/;fpg' . gl/;fpg' x} ÛÆ

Toltv]/ ;fFRr} g} tf]Qf]–rfgn] b'v]sf] rfn kfO/x]sL lyOg .

p;nfO{ t vfnL /sLs} lrGtf lyof] .

/ut cfO{ g} /Xof] . clg cflv/ cfdf–a'afn] c8\sn sf6]—

kSs} /sLn] 6f]s]sf] x'g'k5{ . /sLnfO{ xfdL s]xL ub}{gf}+ eg]/

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 91 –

tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ cfZj:t kf/]kl5 dfq Tof] aRrLn] xft lgsfnL .

p;sf] sfg ‰'l08/x]sf] b]v]/ cfdf 8/n] lrRofOg\ . cfdfnfO{

cl3–cl3 nufP/ a'afn] Tof] ;fgL s]6LnfO{ 8fS6/sxfF lnP/ uP .

efUon] s:;f] a]n}df 8fS6/sxfF k'u]sfn] pgn] p;sf] sfgnfO{

klxn] h:t} u/L 7fpFdf hf]8\g ;s] . cfdf–a'afn] ;Gtf]ifsf] ;f;

km]/] . t/ tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ eg] c‰} Pp6} kL/ lyof]— cfdfa'jfn]

/sLnfO{ ufnL gug]{ eg]sf] jrg /fVg] x'g\ ls xf]Ogg\ eg]/ .

6fpsf]b]lv lrpF8f];Dd ;]tf] Aof08]hn] 5f]lkP/ ;]tf] v/fof]

h:tf] b]lv+b} tf]Qf]–rfg 3/ kmsL{ . /sLnfO{ ufnL ulb{g eg]sf]

eP klg a'jf a]:;/L l/;fPsf lyP / s'g} g s'g} ¿kdf /sLnfO{

;hfo lbg rfxGy] . t/ cfdfn] eg] ælbPsf] jrg /fVg';\ x} ÛÆ

eÌ] efjn] pgnfO{ x]l/g\ . dg gnfuL gnfuL a'afn] klg jrg

/fv] .

tf]Qf]–rfg bu'b}{ 3/leq k;L . pm ;s];Dd l56f] /sLnfO{

e]6]/ ;a 7Ls 5, sf]xL klg p;Fu l/;fPsf] 5}g eg]/ ;'gfpg

rfxGyL . t/ p;n] /sLnfO{ st} klg b]lvg . clg aNn tf]Qf]–

rfg /f]O{ . 8fS6/sxfF x'Gh]n klg pm k6Ss} /f]PsL lyOg .

/f]of] eg] cfdf–a'jf /sL;Fu c¿ a9L l/;fpnfg\ eÌ] p;nfO{ 8/

lyof] . ca eg] p;sf] cfF;' yfldPg . æ/sL Û /sL Û Û sxfF 5;\

tF <Æ eg]/ ?Fb} af]nfpg yfnL .

w]/} rf]l6 af]nfO;s]kl5 Tof] v}/f] / sfnf] ¿k lj:tf/}

;f]kmfsf] k5fl8af6 lg:Sof] / cfF;'n] leh]sf] p;sf] cg'xf/df

d':sfg cfof] . tf]Qf]–rfgsxfF uP/ Aof08]haf6 clnslt dfq

b]lvPsf] p;sf] ;2] sfgnfO{ lj:tf/} rf6\g yfNof] . tf]Qf]–rfgn]

/sLsf] ub{gnfO{ cFufnf] df/L / p;sf] sfg ;'F£g yfnL .

a'afcfdfn] Tof] s:tf] uGxfpF5 eGy], p;nfO{ eg] ToxL kl/lrt

uGw c;fWo} dg kYof]{ .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 92 –

v]ns'b lbj;

x/]s jif{sf] gf]e]Da/ # sf lbg tf]df]Pdf v]ns'b lbj;

dgfOGYof] . z/b Ct'sf] Tof] lbg kfgL kg]{ ;Defjgf ;aeGbf

sd x'Fbf] /x]5 . of] s'/f lgs} nfdf] cg';Gwfg kl5 kQf nufP/

x]8df:6/n] Tof] lbg 5fg]sf lyP . df};dsf af/]df tYofÍ /fVg]

pgsf] ;Lkn] xf] jf 3fd / afbnn] pgsf] OR5f a'‰]/ xf],

ljBfyL{x¿n] Jou|tfk"j{s klv{g] u/]sf] v]ns'b lbj;sf lbg ;fFRr}

g} kfgL kb}{gYof] . cl3nf] lbgb]lv g} ljBfyL{n] :s"nsf] d}bfg

;hfpg] sfd / c¿ tof/L ul/;s]sf x'Gy] . h] sf/0fn] xf];\,

Tof] lbg slxNo} kfgL gkg'{ eÌ] crDd}sf] s'/f lyof] .

tf]df]P :s"ndf h] klg cGoq eGbf km/s x'g] uYof]{ . v]ns'b

lbj; klg To:t} x'GYof]– cfˆg} 9Ësf] . 8f]/L tfÌ] / tLgv'§]

bf}8 dfq c¿ k|fylds :s"nsf] h:t} x'GYof] . c¿ ;a} v]nx¿

x]8df:6/n] cfkm}+ cfljisf/ u/]sf x'Gy] . s'g} ljz]if ;fdu|L

grflxg] tL v]ndf b}lgs pkof]usf j:t'sf] k|of]u ul/GYof] .

pbfx/0fsf nflu, …sfk{ /];Ú eÌ] Pp6f v]n x'GYof] . sk8fn]

agfPsf] …sfk{Ú x¿nfO{ d}bfgsf] aLrdf /flvGYof] . oL …sfk{Úx¿

eg]sf] afx'nf h:tf] agfP/ sk8fsf] b'O{ lsgf/nfO{ l;P/ agfPsf]

x'GYof] . clg To;df /ª nufP/ sfk{ df5f h:tf] agfOPsf]

x'GYof]– d] dxLgfdf …k'q–lbj;Úsf lbg vDafdf afFw]/ xfjfdf

kmx/fpg] ‰08f h:t} x'Gy] tL . v]nsf] j]nfdf l;6L aHg] lalQs}

ljBfyL{x¿ tL …sfk{Últ/ bu'y]{ clg d'vlt/af6 k;]/ k'R5/lt/af6

lg:sGy] . clg km]l/ bu'b}{ z'¿ u/]sf] 7fpFd} kmls{g'kYof]{ . hDdf

tLg j6f dfq …sfk{Ú x'Gy]— Pp6f /ftf], b'O{ j6f gLnf] . To;}n]

Psrf]l6df hDdf tLg hgf ljBfyL{sf] dfq bf}8 x'GYof] . x]bf{

;lhnf] nfu] klg ufx|f] lyof] Tof] v]n . …sfk{Úx¿ nfdf x'Gy] /

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 93 –

leq cFWof/f] x'GYof] . lbzf cNdlng k6Ss} a]/ gnfUg] . tf]Qf]–

rfg nufotsf slt s]6fs]6Lx¿ d'vaf6 k;]/ d'v}af6 lg:sGy]

clg uNtL ul/P5 eÌ] yfxf kfP/ xQgkQ km]l/ leq k:y] .

x]g]{x¿nfO{ v"a /dfOnf] nfUYof]— Tof] …sfk{Úleq s]6fs]6Lx¿ k;]/

l3l;|+b} cufl8 k5fl8 ubf{ tL a8]dfgsf …sfk{Ú ;fFRr}sf lhpFbf

df5f x'g\ ls h:tf] efg x'GYof] .

csf]{ v]nsf] gfd lyof] …cfdf e]§fpg] .Ú sf7sf] ln:gf]nfO{

t];f]{ kf/]/ 78\ofPsf] x'GYof] . l;6L aHg] lalQs} ljBfyL{x¿

bu'b}{ To;sf] 5]pdf k'Uy] / v'8\lsnf aLrsf] Kjfnaf6 l5y]{ .

clg Pp6f af:s]6df /fv]sf] vfd vf]Ny] . To;leqsf] sfuhdf

…;fSsf]–rfgsf] cfdfÚ eg]/ n]v]sf] /x]5 eg] bz{sx¿sf] aLrdf

;fSsf]–rfgsL cfdfnfO{ klxNofP/ pgsf] xft ;dft]/ bf}8 z'¿

u/]sf] 7fpFdf kmls{g'kYof]{ . Tof] ln:g'af6 l5bf{ la/fnf]n] ‰}+ xf]z

gk'¥ofP To;}df hLp c8\lsGYof] . ;fyLsf cfdfx¿nfO{ lrÌ t

ljBfyL{x¿ ;Sy] . t/ sfuhdf …;'>L cf]s'sL lbbLÚ cyjf …>LdtL

s'lggf]/Lsf 5f]/fÚ eg]/ n]v]sf] /x]5 eg] t slxNo} gb]v]sf tL

dflg;nfO{ s;/L vf]Hg] < ljBfyL{n] bz{s bL3f{df uP/ …ld;

cf]s'sL lbbLÚ eg]/ 7"nf] :j/n] s/fP/ af]nfpg}kYof]{ .

lgs} ;fx; rflxGYof] o;f] ug{ . s'g} s'g} ljBfyL{nfO{ efUon]

cfˆg} cfdfsf] gfd k/]5 eg] …cfdf, cfdf, l56f] ug'{;\Ú eg]/

lrRofpFb} pk|mGy] . of] v]nsf] j]nfdf bz{sx¿ klg rgfvf] eP/

a:g'kYof]{ . slt v]/ cfˆgf] gfd af]nfOg] xf] eÌ] s'g} 7]ufg

x'ÌYof] . af]nfpg] lalQs} cfkm" al;/x]sf] s';L{ jf sfk]{6af6

h'?Ss p7]/ ;a};Fu af6f] dfUb}, cfkm"nfO{ klv{/x]sf] aRrfsxfF

k'u]/, p;sf] xft ;dft]/ bu'g'{kYof]{ . To;n] ubf{ s'g} aRrf

cfP/ cfˆgf] cufl8 pleof] eg] afa'x¿ klg ;f; /f]s]/ a:y] /

sf] af]nfOg] xf]nf eg]/ kv{Gy] . ukm u/]/ cyjf s'6' s'6' s]xL

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 94 –

vfP/ a:g] km';{b} x'Fb}gYof] . 7"nf dflg;n] klg aRrfn] hlQs}

ljleÌ v]ndf efu lng'kYof]{ .

8f]/L tfÌ] v]nsf] j]nf b'O{ 6Lddf x]8df:6/ / c¿ lzIfs

klg ldl;P . …xf]:6], x}+;]Ú eg]/ s/fpFb} pgLx¿ klg 8f]/L tfÌ

yfn] . 8f]/L tfÌ g;Sg] of;'cfsL rfg h:tf ckfËtf ePsf

ljBfyL{sf] sfd rflx+ 8f]/Lsf] aLrdf afFlwPsf] /ftf] ?dfn x]/]/

a:g' x'GYof]— s;n] lhlt/x]sf] 5 eg]/ x]g{ .

l;Ë} :s"n g} ;xefuL x'g] clGtd v]n— l/n] /]; klg

tf]df]Pdf cGoq eGbf km/s x'GYof] . sf]xL klg k/–k/;Dd

bu'g'{ kb}{gYof] . P;]DAnL xn hfg r9\g'kg]{ cw{rGb|fsf/ l;+9Ldf

tn–dfly u/] k'UYof] . ‰§ x]bf{ Psbd ;lhnf] nfUYof] . t/

v'8\lsnfx¿ clt ;fgf / glhs lyP . clg Ps kfOnfdf Pp6f

eGbf a9L v'8\lsnf gf£g kfOFb}gYof] . To;n] ubf{ cUnf / 7"nf

kfOnf ePsf dflg;sf lglDt c;fWo} ufx|f] x'GYof] . x/]s lbg

nGr6fOddf ;a}n] 6]Sg] u/]sf tL v'8\lsnfsf] v]n lbj;sf

lbgdf Pp6f leGb}, gofF / /dfOnf] kIf b]vf kYof]{ / aRrfx¿

/dfpFb} s/fpFb} tn–dfly bu'y]{ . k/af6 x]g]{x¿nfO{ Tof] ;'Gb/

Sofln8f]:sf]k h:tf] nfUbf] xf] . ;aeGbf dflyNnf] v'8\lsnf] ;d]t

uGbf hDdf cf7 j6f v'8\lsnf dfq lyP .

tf]Qf]–rfg / p;sf ;fyLx¿sf] klxnf] v]n lbj; x]8df:6/n]

cfzf u/] h:t} v'n]sf] lbgdf k/]sf] lyof] . aRrfx¿n] d}bfg

l;+ufg{ cl3Nnf] lbg g} ‰'08\ofPsf Wjhfktfsf / ;'gf}nf tf/f

clg u|fdf]kmf]gaf6 cfO/x]sf] dflr{ª ;+uLtsf sf/0f rf8kj{sf]

h:tf] jftfj/0f ag]sf] lyof] .

tf]Qf]–rfgn] ;]tf] ;6{ / gLnf] s6\6' nufPsL lyO{ . kfPb]lv

t v]nf8Ln] nufpg] …An"d/Ú nufpFyL pm . Tof] nufpg] 7"nf] /x/

lyof] p;sf] . Ps lbg :s"n ;lsPkl5 x]8df:6/n] lzz'sIffsf

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 95 –

s]xL lzIfs–lzlIfsfnfO{ o'l/lßS;sf] Snf; lnO/x]sf lyP . s]xL

lzlIfsfn] nufPsf] An"d;{ -3'F8f;Dd cfpg] 5f]6f] 6«fph/_ b]v]/

tf]Qf]–rfg a];/L nf]lePsL lyO{ . tL dlxnfx¿n] cfˆgf] v'§f e'O{+df

ahfbf{ sl:;Psf] An"d/ dflyaf6} pgLx¿sf] lt3|fsf] df+;k]zL

rn]sf] b]lvGYof], Tof] tf]Qf]nfO{ v"a dg k/]sf] lyof] . 3/ k'u]kl5

p;n] klg xQgkQ s6\6' nufO{ / e'O{+df v'§f ahf/]/ x]/L . t/

p;sf] b'Anf] s]6fs]6L lt3|fsf] df;' rn]sf] s] b]lvof];\ Û lgs}

k6s k|oTg ul/;s]kl5 pm tL lzlIfsfx¿n] nufPsf] n'uf g}

km/s eP/ xf] eÌ] lgisif{df k'uL . clg cfdfnfO{ p;n] ;f]wL–

pgLx¿n] nufPsf] n'uf s] xf] eg]/ . Tof] v]nf8Lx¿n] nufpg]

…An"d/Ú xf] eg]/ cfdfn] atfOg\ . v]n–lbj;df …An"d/Ú g} nufpF5'

eg]/ tf]Qf]–rfgn] cfdf;Fu egL . t/ p;sf] ;fOhsf] ;fgf] An"d/

st} kfOPg . To;}n] p;n] s6\6' g} nufP/ lrQ a'‰fpg' k¥of]—

h;n] p;sf] lt3|fsf] df;' ys]{sf] b]vfpg ;Sb}gYof] .

v]n lbj;sf lbg Pp6f crDdsf] 36gf 36\of] . ;–;fgf

xftv'§f ePsf] / :s"nel/df ;aeGbf ;fgf] hLpsf] ljBfyL{

tfsfxfzL h'g;'s} v]ndf klg klxnf eof] . kTofO{ g;Sg'

s'/f lyof] of] . sfk{leq c¿x¿ ;+3if{ ul//x]s} j]nf pm eg]

km'Q lgl:s;s]sf] x'GYof] . clg ;'tfPsf] ln:gf]af6 c¿n] aNn

tNn 6fpsf] lgsfln/x]sf] j]nf pm eg] lgl:sP/ lgs} xft k/

k'lu;s]sf] x'GYof] . clg Tof] P;]DAnL xnsf] l;+9Ldf ePsf] l/n]

/];df klg c¿n] cK7]/f] u/L kfn} kfnf] v'§f /flv/x]sf] j]nf

p;sf] ;–;fgf v'§f eg] lk:6f]g ‰}+ l56f]l56f] rNy] / …kmf:6

kmjf{8{Ú u/]sf] lkmNddf ‰}+ Ps} ‰d6df dfly k'UYof] / tn

kmls{;SYof] .

;a}n] eÌ yfn] æxfdLn] yk sf]lzz ug'{k¥of]— tfsfxfzLnfO{

lhTgÆ eg]/ .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 96 –

p;nfO{ lhTg eg]/ c¿ s]6fs]6Ln] cfkm";Sbf] u/], t/

hlt u/] klg tfsfxfzLn] g} lhTYof] . tf]Qf]–rfgn] klg ;s]sf]

u/L, t/ s;} u/L tfsfxfzLnfO{ lhTg ;lsg . ;lhnf] / ;Lwf

tGsfOdf c¿n] lhTy], t/ cK7]/f] k|lt:kwf{df km]l/ xfy]{ .

tfsfxfzL cfˆgf] k'/:sf/ yfKg hfFbf, xf] g xf] 7"n} v]nf8L

‰}+ km'?Ë eof] / udSs k¥of] . x/]s v]ndf klxnf ePsfn]

Ps kl5 csf]{ k'/:sf/ yfKg p;nfO{ EofO{ gEofO{ lyof] . ;a}sf

cfFvfdf pmk|lt O{iof{ lyof] .

x/]s aRrfsf] dgdf x'GYof]– æcsf]{ ;fn t tfsfxfzLnfO{

glhtL 5f]8\lbg ÛÆ t/ x/]s jif{ tfsfxfzL g} v]ns'bsf] :6f/

x'GYof] .

x]8df:6/n] u/]sf] h'g;'s} s'/f klg ljz]if eP h:t}–

k'/:sf/ klg ljz]if g} x'GYof] . klxnf] k'/:sf/ Pp6f a8]dfgsf]

d"nf x'g;SYof], bf];|f] k'/:sf/df t?n -d"n kf7df …a8{sÚsf] h/f

pNn]v 5 ._ clg t];|f] k'/:sf/df Ps d'7f ;fu === jf o:t}

o:t} c¿ s]xL . cln 7"nL gx'Gh]n;Dd tf]Qf]–rfgn] ;a} :s"ndf

v]n lbj;df o:t} k'/:sf/ lbOG5 xf]nf eÌ] 7fgL /xL .

Tof] j]nfdf w]/}h;f] :s"ndf k'/:sf/sf ¿kdf sfkL, l;;fsnd

/ O/]h/ lbOGYof] . tf]df]Psf s]6fs]6LnfO{ Tof] t yfxf lyPg .

t/ cfkm}+n] t/sf/L kfPsf]df eg] v'zL lyPgg\ . pbfx/0fsf

nflu tf]Qf]–rfgn] a8{ssf h/f / Kofh kfPsL lyO{ . Tof] af]s]/

6«]g r9\g p;nfO{ nfh nfUYof] . ljleÌ ultljlwsf nflu yk

k'/:sf/ klg lbOg] x'Fbf Tof] lbg tf]df]Psf ;a} s]6fs]6Ln] s]xL

g s]xL t/sf/L af]s]s} x'Gy] . t/sf/L af]Sg s]6fs]6LnfO{ nfh

t gnfUg'kg]{ xf] . cfdfn] t/sf/L lsÌ k7fpFbf t s;}n] s]xL

eGb}gYof] . t/ lsg xf] :s"naf6 t/sf/L af]s]/ 3/ hfg eg]

pgLx¿nfO{ cK7\of/f] g} nfUYof] .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 97 –

k'/:sf/df aGbfsf]kL kfPsf] Pp6f df]6f] s]6f]nfO{ Tof] aGbf

s] ug]{ s] ug]{ eof] .

æof] af]s]/ lx+8\g t dnfO{ dg nfu]g . d t ˆofFlslbG5' ÛÆ

– p;n] eGof] .

x]8df:6/n] s]6fs]6Lsf] c;Gt'li6 yfxf kfP Sof/], pgL

ufh/, d"nf cflb af]s]sf aRrfx¿ 5]p uP / ;f]w]– æs] ef] <

ltdLx¿nfO{ dg k/]g < 3/ nu]/ cfh a]n'sLsf] vfgfsf] lglDt

t/sf/L agfpg cfdfnfO{ eg g Û of] t/sf/L t ltdLx¿n] cfkm}+

sdfPsf] kf] xf] t Û ltdLx¿n] cfkm}+ d]xgt u/]/ l;+u} kl/jf/sf]

lglDt vfgf sdfPsf 5f} . xf] ls xf]Og, eg t Û x]/L /fv,

kSs} dL7f] x'G5 ÛÆ

pgn] Psbd 7Ls s'/f u/]sf lyP . tf]Qf]–rfgs} s'/f ug]{

xf] eg] klxnf] k6s kl/jf/sf lglDt p;n] s]xL vfg]s'/f NofPsL

lyO{ .

æd cfdfnfO{ Psbd d;nfbf/ t?n agfpg nfpF5' .Æ p;n]

x]8df:6/nfO{ egL— æKofh rflx+ s] ug]{ eg]/ d}n] c‰} ;f]Rg

EofPsL 5}g .Æ

clg t Ps Ps ub}{ c¿ ;a}n] g} cf–cfˆgf] d]g' ;f]Rb}

x]8df:6/nfO{ atfpg yfn] .

æn x]/, slt /fd|f] ef] Û ca t ltdLx¿ ;a}nfO{ s] ug]{

eÌ] ljrf/ cfof] lg, xf]Og <Æ pgL olt v'zL eP ls xfF:bf

v]/L pgsf] ufnf g} /ftf] b]lvof] . To; j]nf pgL zfob dgdg}

sNkgf ul//x]sf xf]nfg\— s]6fs]6Lx¿ l;Ë} kl/jf/;Fu a;]/ vfgf

vfFb} v]n lbj;sf af/]df s'/f ubf{ slt /dfOnf] xf]nf Û

tfsfxfzLsf] af/]df t pgn] g;f]Rg] s'/} ePg . Tof] ;fF‰

p;sf] 6]a'n t k'/:sf/sf] y'k|f]n] 5f]lkPsf] xf]nf . cfkm" slxNo}

a9\lbg eÌ] yfxf kfPsf] p;nfO{ cfˆgf] ;fgf] hLpsf sf/0f

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 98 –

xLgtfaf]w x'g yfNg' eGbf cufl8 g} cfkm"n] k|yd k'/:sf/

kfpFbfsf] v'zL / uj{sf] ;D‰gf cfpnf / hLtsf] cg'ej

ul//xnf . s] yfxf, tf]df]Psf tL ljz]if v]nsf] l8hfOg /

;+of]hg g} tfsfxfzLn] klxnf] k'/:sf/ kfcf];\ eGg] 9+un] kf]

ul/Psf] lyof] ls <

slj O:;f

aRrfx¿ x]8df:6/nfO{ …O:;f sf]afofzLÚ eÌ /dfpFy] .

pgLx¿n] dfof u/]/ pgsf] gfddf cg]s Znf]s klg agfPsf

lyP, Pp6f o:tf] lyof]—

O:;f sf]afofzL

xfd|f] a"9f] dfG5]

v'On]sf] tfn' 5 pgsf]

x]8df:6/sf] y/ pÌfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf k|Voft slj O:;f

sf]afofzL;Fu ldNYof] / pgsf] xfOs" klg x]8df:6/nfO{ c;fWo}

dg kYof]{ . O:;fsf xfOs" x]8df:6/n] olt w]/} pb\w[t ul//xGy]

ls ljBfyL{sf nflu O:;f sf]afofzL klg cfˆgf] x]8df:6/ hlQs}

Kof/f] eO;s]sf lyP .

x]8df:6/nfO{ O:;f sf]afofzLsf] xfOs" dg kg'{sf] sf/0f

lyof]— tL xfOs"n] hLjgsf cToGt ;fdfGo s'/fx¿sf] dfWodaf6

;TonfO{ pb\3fl6t ul//x]sf x'Gy] . xhf/f}+ xfOs" sljx¿ ePsf]

hdfgfdf O:;fn] cfˆgf] 5'§} ;+;f/ agfPsf lyP h;sf] gSsn

s;}n] ug{ ;Sb}gYof] . s/La s/La afn;'ne nfUg] tL xfOs"sf]

;/ntfsf sf/0f x]8df:6/ ltgsf k|z+;s ePsf lyP . To;}n]

clnslt df}sf kfpgf ;fy pgL ljBfyL{nfO{ O:;fsf sljtf

k9fpFy] / aRrfx¿ ltgnfO{ s07:y kfy]{ . pbfx/0fsf nflu–

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 99 –

n'/] Eofu'tf]

‰'Sg' kb}{g x} tF

O:;f 5 ;fyL .

eË]/L gfgL

af6f] 5f]l8b] ca

3f]8f ;fÚa cfP .

gdf/ l‰+uf

xft v'§f dNb}5 pm

bofsf] eLv dfuL .

x]8df:6/n] Ps rf]l6 Pp6f xfOs"nfO{ yf]/} kl/jt{g u/]/

no klg xfn] . ;a}n] Tof] ufpFy]—

s7} oL 6'x'/f,

eË]/fsf rNnf

cfp, v]n d};Fu,

5}gg\ ltd|L cfdf .

kf7\oqmddf geP klg x]8df:6/n] j]nf j]nfdf xfOs"sf]

Snf; lnO/xGy] .

tf]Qf]–rfgn] k|of; u/]/ n]v]sf] klxnf] xfOs"n] p;sf] dg

kg]{ slds kfq gf]/fs'/f]sf] j0f{g u/]sf] lyof] . Pp6f :yfgLo

afn klqsfdf wf/fjflxs ¿kdf 5flkg] Tof] sldsdf gf]/fs'/f

gfdsf] Tof] sfnf] e':ofxf s's'/ ;]gfdf l;kfxLsf ¿kdf egf{

eP/ cg]s r'gf}tL kf/ ub}{ 7"nf] cf]xf]bfdf k'U5 .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 100 –

sfn]sf] kfSof] k]G;g

5}g x} ca 6]G;g

lx+8\of] pm t 3'Dg ;+;f/ .

æltdLx¿sf] dgdf h] 5, To;}sf af/]df ;Lwf ;/n xfOs"

agfpg] k|oTg u/Æ eg]/ x]8df:6/ eGy] .

tf]Qf]–rfgn] h] n]v]sL lyO{ To;nfO{ ;fFRr}sf] xfOs" t

eÌ ldNb}gYof] t/ Tof] pd]/df p;nfO{ s:tf s'/fn] k|efljt

kfbf]{ /x]5 eÌ] rflx+ To;n] kSs} b]vfpFYof] . %–&–% l;n]ansf]

lx;fadf p;sf] xfOs" ldNb}gYof] . t/ e+u]/fsf rNnfsf af/]df

n]v]sf] O:;f sf]afofzLs} Pp6f xfOs" klg hfkfgLdf k9\bf

%–*–& l;n]ansf] x'GYof] . To;}n] tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ klg cfkm"n]

n]v]sf] 7Ls} 5 eÌ] nfUYof] .

s'xf]ga'Rr' dlGb/df uPsf] j]nf, cyjf kfgL k/]/ aflx/ v]Ng

gkfPkl5 P;]DAnL xndf hDdf x'Fbf tf]df]Psf …O:;f sf]afofzLÚ

s]6fs]6L;Fu xfOs"sf s'/f uy]{ . hLjg / k|s[ltsf af/]df cfˆgf]

ljrf/ cleJoQm ug{ klg pgL xfOs"sf] pkof]u uy]{ . o:tf]

nfUYof], O:;fsf sltko xfOs" tf]df]Ps} af/]df n]lvPsf x'g\ M

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 101 –

lxpF klUnG5

crfgs ufpF el/G5

s]6fs]6Ln] .

crDdsf] s'/f]

lhGbuLdf klxnf] k6s tf]Qf]–rfgn] k};f e]6L . :s"naf6

6«]gdf 3/ kms{+bfsf] s'/f xf] . lho'ufcf]sf :6];gaf6 p;n]

cf]OdfrL 6«]g r9L . csf]{ :6]zg ldbf]l/ufcf]sfdf k'Ug'cl3 Pp6f

df]8 cfpFYof] . ToxfFg]/ k'Ubf hlxn] klg 6«]g a]:;/L cfjfh

lgsfNb} Psflt/ 9lNsGYof] . pl5l§P/ …cf]xf] ÛÚ eÌ' gk/f];\ eg]/

pm v'§fnfO{ bx|f];Fu 6]SyL . hlxn] klg pm l8Aafsf] kl5lNt/

bfofFkl§sf] 9f]sfg]/ pleGyL . To;sf] sf/0f s] eg] p;sf]

:6]zgdf Kn]6kmd{ bfofFkl§ kYof]{ / aflx/ lg:sgsf lglDt Tof]

9f]sf ;aeGbf glhs kYof]{ .

Tof] lbg klg ;w}+ h:t} rsf]{ cfjfh lgsfNb} 6«]g 9lNs+bf

tf]Qf]–rfgn] cfˆgf] k}tfnfg]/ k};f h:tf] b]vL . of]eGbf klxn]

klg Psrf]l6 p;n] k};f eg]/ l6Kbf 6fFs k/]sf] lyof] . To;}n]

o;k6s eg] p;n] /fd|/L x]g]{ ljrf/ u/L . 6«]g ;Lwf eP kl5

p;n] k"/} lgx'/]/ /fd|f];Fu x]/L . Tof] ;fFRr} g} k};f lyof]— kfFr

k};f . s;}n] v;fof] xf]nf clg Tof] u'8\b} cfˆgf] v'§f d'lg

cfOk'Uof] xf]nf eÌ] p;n] 7fgL . t/ tf]Qf]–rfg glhs} sf]xL klg

pleO/x]sf] lyPg .

s] ug]{ xf]nf eg]/ pm ;f]Rg yfnL . …k};f e]6\of] eg]

k'ln;nfO{ lhDdf nufpg"Ú eg]/ s;}n] eg]sf] p;n] ;D‰L . t/

6«]gleq sxfFsf] k'ln; x'g' <

ToxL j]nf 6«]gsf] 9f]sf v'Nof] / tf]Qf]–rfg ePsf] l8Aafdf

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 102 –

sG8S6/ k;] . s] sf/0fn] xf] s'lGg, tf]Qf]–rfgn] cfˆgf] k}tfnfn]

Tof] kfFr k};] 9\ofsnfO{ 5f]kL . sG8S6/n] p;nfO{ lrg]sf lyP—

pgL xfF;] . t/ tf]Qf]–rfg eg] lbn vf]n]/ xfF:g ;lsg— p;sf]

v'§fn] h] 5f]k]sf] lyof], To;sf sf/0f p;nfO{ Unflg eO/x]sf]

lyof] . xf] ls xf]Og eg] ‰}+ pm yf]/} d':s'/fpg dfq ;sL . 6«]g

psfofdf :6]zgdf cl8Psf] lyof]— p;sf] cfˆgf] :6]zg eGbf

cl3Nnf] :6]zgdf . b]a|]kl§sf 9f]sfx¿ v'n] . ;f]r]eGbf w]/} dflg;

k;] / tf]Qf]–rfg ws]lnO{ . tf]Qf]–rfg s'g} klg xfntdf cfˆgf]

bflxg] uf]8f x6fpg rfxÌyL — h;/L eP klg pm cfˆg} 7fpFdf

cl8O{ . ToxL j]nf p;n] cfˆgf] of]hgf agfO{Ù cf]n{g] lalQs}

k'ln;nfO{ Tof] k};f a'‰fpF5' . t'?Gt} p;sf] dgdf csf]{ ljrf/

cfof] . s'g} 7"nf] dfG5]n] cfˆgf] k}tfnf d'lgaf6 p;n] k};f l6Kb}

u/]sf] b]Vof] eg] p;nfO{ rf]/ 7fGnf Û Tof] hdfgfdf kfFr k};fn]

;fgf] Kofs]6 ld7fO{ jf Pp6f rsn]6 af/ lsÌ kfOGYof] . To;}n]

7"nf dflg;sf lglDt Tof] 7"nf] /sd geP klg tf]Qf]–rfgsf] nflu

eg] w]/} g} lyof] . pm lgs} lrlGtt eO{ .

æcF, o;f] ug'{ knf{— p;n] dgdg} egL …n, d]/f] k};f v;]5,

l6Kg'k¥of]Ú eg]/ d lj:tf/} eG5', clg t ;a}n] d]/} k};f /x]5

elgxfN5g\ lg ÛÆ

t/ t'?Gt} p;n] ;d:of b]vL . æd}n] To;f] eÌ] lalQs} ;a}n]

dlt/ x]g{ yfn] / s;}n] …Tof] t d]/f] xf]Ú eGof] eg] km]l/ s]

ug]{ xf]nf ÛÆ

dgdf cg]s s'/f v]nfO;s]kl5 p;n] lg0f{o u/L— :6]zg

cfOk'Ug] j]nfdf h'Qfsf] t'gf afFWg h:tf] u/]/ lgx'l/g], clg

v';'Ss k};f l6Kg] . p;sf] of] of]hgfn] sfd u¥of] . Tof] kfFr

k};f ;dft]/ kl;gfn] lgy|'Ss x'Fb} Kn]6kmd{df cf]n{+bf p;nfO{

a]:;/L yfs]sf] cg'ej eof] . k|x/L yfgf 6f9f lyof] / ToxfF;Dd

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 103 –

k'u]/ k'ln;nfO{ k};f a'‰fpg nfUg] xf] eg] 3/ k'Ubf 9Lnf] x'GYof],

cfdf cflQlGyg\ . e/]ª cf]ln{/xFbf p;n] lgs} hf]8 nufP/ ;f]rL

/ o:tf] lg0f{o u/L—

æo;nfO{ d n'sfP/ /fV5', clg ef]ln :s"n nu]/ ;a}sf]

;Nnfx dfU5' . h] eP klg d}n] b]vfpg' t 5 g} . c¿ s;}n]

k};f kfPsf] 5}g .Æ

t/ Tof] k};f sxfF n'sfpg] xf]nf eg]/ pm uDg yfnL .

3/ nUof] eg] t km]l/ cfdfn] ;f]wL xflN5g\ . To;}n] cGt} st}

n'sfpg' k¥of] eÌ] p;nfO{ nfUof] .

:6]zg glhs}sf] Pp6f ‰f8Ldf pm pSnL . ToxfF s;}n]

p;nfO{ b]Vbf klg gb]Vg], clg c¿ dflg; klg gr9\g] Û Psbd

;'/lIft 7fpF lyof] Tof] . Pp6f 5]:sf]n] vf];|]/ p;n] ;fgf] vfN8f]

kf/L, k};f /fvL / df6f]n] 5f]kL . Pp6f cgf}7f] nfUg] 9'+uf vf]h]/

lrgf]sf lglDt Tof] dfly /fvL . clg pm a]tf]8n] 3/lt/ bu'/L .

w]/} h;f] a]n'sL cfdfn] …;'Tg] j]nf ef]Ú geg'Gh]n pm :s"ns}

ukm u/]/ 9Lnf];Dd a:yL . t/ Tof] lbg eg] w]/} s'/f gu/L pm

l56f] ;'Tg uO{ .

ef]lnkN6 laxfg, s'g} cToGt dxŒjk"0f{ sfd ug'{5 eÌ]

dgdf lnP/ pm p7L . cfˆgf] uf]Ko ;DklQsf] ;D‰gfn] pm Psbd

k|km'lNnt eO{ .

c¿ lbg eGbf lgs} l56f] pm 3/af6 lg:sL / /sLnfO{ lnP/

Tof] ‰f8Ldf k;L .

æoxL+ 5, oxL+ 5 ÛÆ lxhf]sf] 9'Ëfsf] lrgf] h:tfsf] To:t}

lyof] . /sLnfO{ ætFnfO{ d s] b]vfpF5', x]/ g ÛÆ eGb} p;n] Tof]

9'Ëf p7fO{ / htgsf ;fy vf]l;|g yfnL . t/ Tof] kfFrk};] 9\ofs

t 5}g af Û pm 5Ss k/L . s;}n] b]v]sf] kf] lyof] ls p;n]

n'sfPsf] Û ls Tof] 9'Ëf ;¥of] < jl/kl/ htftt} p;n] vgL . t/

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 104 –

cxF, Tof] k};f e]6\b} e]l6Pg . ;fyLx¿nfO{ Tof] b]vfpg gkfPsf]df

p;nfO{ gdhf t eof] g}, Tof]eGbf klg gdhf t s] eg] lsg

o:tf] crDd eof], p;n] slxNo} a'l‰g .

kl5;Dd klg Tof] ‰f8Lg]/ k'u]kl5 pm dfly r9]/ e'O{+

vf]l;|GyL, t/ Tof] kfFrk};] 9\ofs slxNo} km]nf k/]g . …5'r'Gb|fn]

kf] nUof] lsÚ pm uDyL . æd}n] ;kgf dfq} b]v]sf] t xf]Og ÛÆ

eÌ] klg p;nfO{ nfUYof] . æls t eujfgn] b]Vof xf]nf d}n]

n'sfPsf] ÛÆ p;sf] dgdf h];'s} cfcf];\, x'g rflx+ crDd} ePsf]

lyof] / Tof] p;n] slxNo} la;{g ;lsg .

xftsf] ;fgn] s'/f ug]{x¿

Pslbg lbpF;f] lho'ufcf]sf :6]zgsf] l6s6 hfFRg] 9f]sf

5]pdf tf]Qf]–rfg eGbf clnslt 7"nL Pp6L s]6L / b'O{hgf

s]6f ;Fu} plePsf lyP . pgLx¿n] …:6f]g–k]k/–l;h;{Ú v]ln/x]

h:tf] b]lvGYof] . t/ o:tf] v]ndf eGbf slt xf] slt w]/} ;fg

nufO/x]sf lyP pgLx¿sf xft / cf}+nfn] . x]bf{ s:tf] /dfOnf]

nfUg] Û cln /fd|f];Fu x]g{ pm glhs} uO{ . cfjfh glgsflnsg

pgLx¿ s'/f ub}{5g\ h:tf] b]lvGYof] . Pp6fn] xftn] cg]s

Ozf/f uYof]{ / t'?Gt} csf]{n] c¿ a9L ;fg uYof]{ . clg t];|f]

rflx+n] km]l/ s] s] Ozf/f uYof]{ / w]/} cfjfh glgsfnL pgLx¿

dHhfn] xfF:y] . pgLx¿ a]:;/L /dfO/x] h:tf] b]lvGYof] . lgs}

a]/ x]l/;s]kl5 pgLx¿ xftsf] ;+s]tn] s'/f ul//x]sf 5g\ eÌ]

lgisif{df pm k'uL .

Ovfn' eP/ p;n] ;f]rL, æd}n] lg xftn] s'/f ug{ ;s] x'GYof]

lg ÛÆ pgLx¿;Fu} uP/ ldl:;pF h:tf] klg nfUof] p;nfO{ . t/

xftsf] xfpefpn] s;/L ;f]Wg] eÌ] p;nfO{ yfxf lyPg . clg

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 105 –

km]l/ pgLx¿ tf]df]Psf ljBfyL{ klg lyPgg\ . TolQs} pgLx¿;Fu

ldl:;g hfg' cln c;Eo Jojxf/ g} x'GYof] . To;}n] pgLx¿

tf]of]sf] 6«]gsf] Kn]6kmd{lt/ ghfpGh]n pm x]/]/ dfq a;L .

æPs lbg d klg xftsf] Ozf/fn] c¿;Fu s'/f ug{ l;sL

5f8\5' ÛÆ p;n] dgdg} ;+sNk u/L . ToltGh]n;Dd tf]Qf]–

rfgnfO{ alx/f aRrfx¿sf] af/]df yfxf lyPg . tL s]6fs]6Lx¿

gu/kflnsfn] rnfPsf] d"s / alx/f aRrfx¿sf] :s"ndf hfG5g\

eÌ] klg p;nfO{ yfxf lyPg . clGtd :6]zg ePsf] cf]Odflrdf

lyof] Tof] :s"n .

cfˆgf rlDsnf cfFvfn] tL Pscsf{sf xftsf cf}+nf x]y]{ .

pgLx¿sf] Tof] x]/fOdf s] xf] s] xf] cToGt ;'Gb/ s]xL s'/f 5

h:tf] tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ nfUof] . p;nfO{ pgLx¿sf] ;fyL aÌ c;fWo}

dg nfUof] .

;TrfnL; /f]lgg\

sf]afofzL ;/sf] lzIf0f k|0ffnLsf] cfˆg} df}lnskgf eP

tfklg, pgL o'/f]k / cGo ljb]zL d'n'ssf ljrf/x¿af6 lgs}

k|efljt lyP . of] s'/f tf]df]P :s"nn] ckgfPsf] o'l/lßS;,

nGr6fOdsf] ultljlw, :s"nsf] ;dodf 3'Dg] k|rng, …/f], /f],

/f]o;{ af]6Úsf] nodf lbpF;f]sf] vfgf vfg] j]nfdf ufOg] uLt cflb

;a} s'/fdf ‰lNsGYof] .

df?ofdf ;/ rflx+ x]8df:6/sf bflxg] xft lyP . c¿

:s"ndf ePsf] eP pgnfO{ ;xfos k|wfgfWofks elgGYof] xf]nf .

pgL w]/} s'/fdf x]8df:6/sf] 7\ofSs} pN6f] h:tf nfUy] . pgsf]

gfdsf] cy{ …uf]nf] 8fF8fÚ eÌ] x'GYof] . x'g klg gfd h:t} pgsf]

6fpsf] uf]nf] lyof] / sfgb]lv k5fl8 ;]tf] skfnsf] 3]/f afx]s

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 106 –

c¿ skfn 5Fb} lyPg . pgL uf]nf] rZdf nufpFy] / pgsf ufnf

/ftf lyP . pgL b]Vgdf dfq} sf]afofzL ;/ eGbf km/s lyPgg\,

pgsf] 5gf]6 klg km/s x'Yof] . uDeL/ :j/df pgL zf:qLo

lrlgofF kf/fsf sljtf kf7 uy]{ .

l8;]Da/ !$ sf lbg :s"ndf ;a} aRrf hDdf ePkl5

df?ofdf ;/n] Pp6f o:tf] ;"rgf lbP—

s/La c9fO{ ;o jif{cl3, cfhs} lbg, ;TrfnL; /f]lggx¿n]

cfˆgf d'Vo zq'x¿sf] gfz u/]sf lyP . To;}n] cfh xfdL ;a}

;]Gufs'hL dlGb/df hfG5f}+ pgLx¿sf] ;dflwdf >4f ck{0f u5f}{+ .

ltdLx¿sf a'af–cfdfnfO{ of] s'/fsf] ;"rgf lbO;lsPsf] 5 .Æ

x]8df:6/n] df?ofdf ;/sf] of]hgfsf] lj/f]w u/]sf lyPgg\ .

sf]afofzLn] o;af/] s] ;f]r]sf 5g\ eÌ] cleefjsx¿nfO{ yfxf

lyPg . t/ pgsf] lj/f]w 5}g eÌ] s'/f pgLx¿nfO{ yfxf lyof] .

To;sf] cy{ pgsf] :jLs[lt x'g'k5{ . tf]df]Psf aRrfx¿ ;TrfnL;

/f]lggsf] ;dflw:yndf hfg] s'/f cln hl6n g} lyof] .

:s"naf6 lg:sg'cl3 df?ofdf ;/n] aRrfx¿nfO{ ;TrfnL;

/f]lggx¿sf] syf ;'gfP . Psbd unt cf/f]k nufP/ xTof

ul/Psf cf;fgf]sf ;fx;L / Odfgbf/ cg'ofoLx¿n] s;/L b'O{–b'O{

jif{ nufP/ cfˆgf] lbjËt :jfdLsf] abnf lnP eg]/ a'‰fP .

tL ;TrfnL; hgf /f]lgg\ afx]s Pshgf l/x]O cfdfgf]of gfdsf

;fx;L Jofkf/L klg lyP . pgn] xltof/sf] aGbf]a:t u/]sf

lyP . zf]u'gsf clkm;/x¿af6 pgL kqmfp k/]kl5 æd, l/x]O{

cfdfgf]of, ;fFRr}sf] dfG5] x'F ÛÆ eGb} s'g} klg uf]Ko ;"rgf lbg

/ ljZjf;3ft ug{ c:jLsf/ u/] .

syfs} s'/f t aRrfx¿n] w]/} a'‰]gg\ . t/ Snf; 5f]8]/

s'xf]Gaf]r' dlGb/ eGbf klg lgs} 6f9f hfg] / lkslgs ug]{ s'/fn]

eg] lgs} xf}l;Psf lyP .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 107 –

x]8df:6/ / c¿ lzIfsx¿nfO{ 5f]8]/ df?ofdf ;/;Fu

krf;} hgf ljBfyL{ af6f] nfu] . slxn] stfaf6 slxn] stfaf6

s]6fx¿n] gSsn ub}{ æd, l/x]O{ cfdfgf]of, ;fFRr}sf] dfG5] x'F ÛÆ

eg]/ 3f]if0ff ul//x]sf] ;'lgGYof] . s]6Lx¿ klg To;} ul//x]sf

lyP . 5]p5fpsf a6'jfx¿ Tof] ;'g]/ d'G6f] xNnfpFb} xfF:y] .

;]Gufs'hL ;ft dfOn k/ lyof] . To;j]nf ;8sdf w]/} uf8L

lyPgg\, l8;]Da/sf] cfsfz klg ;kmf lyof], clg æd, l/x]O{

cfdfgf]of, ;fFRr}sf] dfG5] x'FÆ eGb} ;a} hgf ;Fu} lx+8\bf tL

s]6fs]6LnfO{ Tof] af6f] k6Ss} nfdf] nfu]g .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 108 –

;]GuflshL k'u]kl5 df?ofdf ;/n] ;a}nfO{ Ps–Ps j6f

w"k–aQL / km"n lbP . dlGb/ s'xf]ga'Rr'sf] eGbf ;fgf] lyof],

t/ lrxfg eg] w]/} lyP– Ps nfOgdf . ;TrfnL; hgf /f]lggsf]

;D‰gfsf lglDt of] kljq :yfg agfOPsf] xf] eÌ] s'/fn] tf]Qf]–

rfg klg uDeL/ eO{ / df?ofdf ;/sf] gSsn ub}{ r"krfk w"k–

aQL / km"n r9fO{ . c¿ aRrfx¿ klg r"krfk lyP . tf]df]Psf

s]6fs]6L o;/L df}g x'g' eg]sf] Tolt :jfefljs lyPg . ;dflwsf]

cl3 aln/x]sf] w"kaf6 lg:s]sf] w"jfF dfly dfly p8\of] / lgs}

a]/;Dd cfsfzdf ljleÌ cfs[ltsf lrq agfO/Xof] .

To;kl5sf lbgdf w"kaQLsf] ;'uGwn] hlxn] klg aRrfx¿nfO{

df?ofdf ;/ / l/x]O{ cfdfgf]ofsf] ;D‰gf u/fpFYof] . / pgLx¿sf

lglDt Tof] af;gf df}gtfsf] ;'uGw klg aGof] .

aRrfx¿n] tL ;TrfnL; /f]lggx¿sf af/]df ;a} s'/f t

a'‰]gg\ xf]nf, t/ ltgsf af/]df Tolt cfb/sf ;fy s'/f ug]{

df?ofdf ;/k|lt eg] sf]afofzL ;/ hlQs} cfb/ / k|]d hfUof]

pgLx¿sf dgdf . zfob cln km/s lsl;dn] . rZdfsf afSnf

l;;f leqaf6 lrofpg] pgsf ;–;fgf cfFvf / pgsf] 7"nf]

hLp;Fu d]n gvfg] pgsf] zfGt af]nL tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ dg kg{

yfNof] .

…df;f]p Rof˜˜gÚ

tf]Qf]–rfg :6]zgdf cfpFbf hfFbf af6f]df sf]l/ogx¿ a:g]

Pp6f 7"nf] 3/ kYof]{ . pgLx¿ sf]l/og x'g\ eÌ] s'/f Toltj]nf

tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ yfxf x'g] s'/f] ePg . p;nfO{ t olt dfq

yfxf lyof] ls ToxfF Pshgf dlxnf al:5g\ . aLrdf l;pFbf]

5'6\ofP/ kl5lNt/ h'/f] afFw]sL pgL df]6L df]6L lyOg\ / 8'Ëf

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 109 –

h:tf] cl3lNt/ r'Rrf] k/]sf] /a/sf] ;]tf] rKkn nufpFlyg\ .

pgL nfdf] hfdf nufpFlyg\ / ;fgf] rf]nf]sf cufl8 7"nf] km'sf]{

kf/]/ l/ag afFw]sf] x'GYof] . pgL hltj]nf klg cfˆgf] 5f]/fnfO{

vf]lh/x]sL h:tf] nfUYof] . hltv]/ klg …df;f]p Rof˜˜gÚ eg]/

pgL s/fO/x]sL x'lGyg\ . c¿n] h:tf] …df–;f–cf]–rfgÚ gegL bf];|f]

l;n]andf hf]8 lblGyg\ clg …RofgÚ nfO{ rflx+ tLvf] :j/df nfdf]

n]3|f] tfg]/ pRrf/0f uly{g\ . Tof] ;'Gbf tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ eg] s:tf]

s:tf] gdL7f] / b'MvnfUbf] nfUYof] .

Tof] 3/ cf]OdfrL :6]zgsf] 7\ofSs} k5fl8 kg]{ ;fgf]

l9:sf]df kYof]{ . df;fcf]–rfgnfO{ tf]Qf]–rfgn] lrg]sL lyO{ . Tof]

pmeGbf clnslt 7"nf] lyof] / zfob bf];|f] sIffdf k9\Yof] . pm

s'g :s"ndf hfG5, Tof] rflx+ tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ yfxf lyPg . p;sf]

skfn c;/Nn x'GYof] / hlxn] klg pm;Fu Pp6f s's'/ x'GYof] .

Ps lbg Tof] l9:sf]sf] 5]paf6 3/ kmls{/x]sf] j]nfdf pm eg]

l9:sf]sf] l;/fgdf v'§f km}nfP/ b'j} xft sDd/df /fv]/ 3dG8L

d'b|fdf pleO/x]sf] lyof] . p;n] tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ …P sf]l/og ÛÚ

eg]/ s/fof] .

p;sf] :j/ /L;p7\bf] / x]kfxf lsl;dsf] lyof] . tf]Qf]–

rfgnfO{ 8/ nfUof] . p;n] p;sf] s]xL lauf/]sL lyOg . pm;Fu

af]n]sL ;d]t lyOg . To;}n], p;n] dflyaf6 lsg o:tf] g/fd|f];Fu

s/fPsf] xf]nf eg]/ 5Ss k/L .

3/ k'u]kl5 p;n] cfdfnfO{ ;a} s'/f egL . ædf;fcf]–rfgn]

dnfO{ …sf]l/ogÚ eG5Æ— p;n] egL . cfdfn] cfˆgf] xftn] d'v

5f]lkg\ . tf]Qf]–rfgn] pgsf] cfFvfdf cfF;' el/Psf] b]vL . p;n]

a'´g ;lsg . p;nfO{ nfUof] kSs} klg of] Psbd g/fd|f] zAb

x'g'k5{ . cfdfsf] gfs klg /ftf] eof] . cfFvfsf] cfF;' gk'5L

cfdfn] elgg\— ælar/f Û c¿n] p;nfO{ …sf]l/og, sf]l/ogÚ eGbf

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 110 –

eGbf p;nfO{ nfu]sf] xf]nf of] ufnL ug]{ zAb xf] . …tF d"v{Ú

eÌ] cy{df …afsfÚ eg] h:t} …sf]l/ogÚ eg]sf] klg ufnL g} xf]

eÌ] p;nfO{ nfu]sf] x'g ;S5 . df;fcf]–rfgnfO{ dflg;x¿n] olt

w]/} …sf]l/ogÚ eg]/ x]k]sf xf]nfg\ ls p;nfO{ klg /L; p7\bf

…sf]l/ogÚ eÌ'k5{ eÌ] nfu]sf] xf]nf . x/], lsg olt lgi7'/ x'G5g\

dflg;x¿ ÛÆ

cfF;' k'5\b} lj:tf/} pgn] elgg\— ætF hfkfgL xf] . df;fcf]–

rfg rflx+ sf]l/of eÌ] b]zaf6 cfPsf] xf] . t/ pm klg tF h:t}

;fgf] aRrf xf] . …Tof] hfkfgL, of] sf]l/ogÚ eg]/ ;f]Rg'x'Fb}g .

df;fcf]–rfgnfO{ g/fd|f] Jojxf/ gug"{ . sf]l/og x'Fb}df v/fa 7fÌ'

Psbd b'Mv nfUg] s'/f xf] .Æ

tf]Qf]–rfgsf] nflu of] ;a} a'´g ufx|f] lyof] . t/ p;n]

olt rflx+ a'‰L— df;fcf]–rfg ;fgf] aRrf eP klg dflg;x¿

p;nfO{ laTyfdf ufnL uy]{ . p;n] ;f]rL, zfob To;}n] p;sL

cfdf p;sf] af/]df ;w}+ lrlGtt eO/xg] xf]lng\ . / cfˆgf] rsf]{

:j/n] …df;f]p–Rof˜˜gÚ eg]/ af]nfO/xg] xf]lng\ . ef]lnkN6 laxfg

Tof] l9:sf] 5]paf6 lx+l8/xFbf …df;f]p–Rof˜˜gÚ eg]/ p;sL cfdfn]

s/fPsf] ;'Gbf df;fcf]–rfg sxfF xf]nf eÌ] p;nfO{ nfUof] . cfkm"

sf]l/og geP klg df;fcf]–rfgn] km]l/ To;f] eg]5 eg] æxfdL

;a} aRrf xf}+, p:t} xf} xfdLÆ eG5' / p;nfO{ ;fyL agfpF5' eÌ]

;f]rL tf]Qf]–rfgn] .

lrGtf / /L; ldl:;Psf] df;fcf]–rfgsL cfdfsf] Tof]

tLvf] :j/ xfjfdf nfdf] ;do;Dd u'lGhO/xGYof]– rln/x]sf]

6«]gsf] cfjfhn] g5f]k'Gh]n . …df;f]p–Rof˜˜g ÛÚ Ps rf]l6

Tof] ljiffb / cfF;'n] leh]sf] cfjfh ;'g]kl5 slxNo} la;{g

;ls+b}gYof] .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 111 –

r'N7f]

To;j]nf tf]Qf]–rfgsf b'O{ 7"nf cfsf+Iff lyP . Pp6f,

v]nf8Lsf] An"d/ nufpg] . clg csf]{, r'N7f] af6\g] . 6«]gdf

cfkm"eGbf 7"nf lbbLx¿n] r'N7f] af6]sf] b]v]kl5 p;n] klg To;}

u/L skfn sf]g]{ lgwf] u/L .

p;sf] Snf;sf c¿ ;fgf gfgLx¿sf] skfn 5f]6f] / lgwf/df

km'sf{ 5f]8]sf] x'GYof] . tf]Qf]–rfgsf] skfn eg] nfdf] lyof] /

5]pdf l;pFbf] sf6]/ l/ag afFw]sf] lyof] . cfdfnfO{ To:tf] dg

kYof]{ . clg tf]Qf]–rfg klg cln nfdf] ePkl5 r'N7f] af6\g

kfOG5 eg]/ o:t} dg k/fpFyL .

cflv/ Pslbg p;n] cfdfnfO{ b'O6f r'N7f] af6\g nufP/}

5f]8L . r'N7f]sf] k'5f/df /a/ AofG8n] afFw]/ l/ag nufPkl5

p;nfO{ cfkm" 7"nf] Snf;sL s]6L ePsf] h:tf] nfUof] . cfkm}+nfO{

P]gfdf x]bf{ p;n] yfxf kfO{ p;sf b'O{ r'N7f t 6«]gdf b]v]sf

lbbLx¿sf] h:tf] geP/ kftnf / 5f]6f kf] /x]5g\ . tL t ;fFRr} g}

;'Fu'/sf] k'R5/ h:tf kf] eP5g\ . t} klg pm ;uj{ bu'b}{ /sL eP

7fpF uO{ / p;nfO{ b]vfO{ . /sLn] cfFvf l‰d\ l‰d\ u/]/ x]¥of] .

æt]/f] skfndf klg r'N7f] afl6lbg kfP x'GYof] ÛÆ– p;n]

egL .

6«]gdf r9]kl5 p;n] 6fpsf]nfO{ xnrn x'g glbO{ pleO/xL .

r'N7f] lau|]nf ls eÌ] 7"nf] kL/ lyof] p;nfO{ . s;}n] p;sf]

r'N7f] b]v]/ …cfxf, slt /fd|f] r'N7f] af6]sL ÛÚ elglbP Sof dhf

x'GYof] eÌ] p;nfO{ nflu/Xof] . t/ s;}n] To;f] eg]g . :s"ndf

k'u]kl5 eg] ldof]–rfg, ;fSsf]–rfg / s]Osf] cfcf]sL clg p;sf]

Snf;sf] cf]P eÌ] s]6f ;a}n] Ps :j/n] …jfp, r'N7f] ÛÚ eg] .

pm bË k/L / c¿ s]6Lx¿nfO{ r'N7f] 5fDg lbO{ .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 112 –

s]6fx¿ eg] sf]xL klg k|efljt ePgg\ . t/ nGrkl5 eg]

crfgs p;sf] Snf;sf] cf]P eÌ] s]6fn] 7"nf] :j/df eGof]—

æcf]xf] Û tf]Qf]–rfgn] s;/L skfn sf]/]sf] ÛÆ Ps hgf s]6fn]

p;sf] skfnsf] s'/f u/]sf]df bË kb}{ p;n] egL ær'N7f] af6]sf] ÛÆ

pm glhs} cfof], b'j} xftn] ;dfTof], / eGof] æd t s:tf]

yfs]+, Ps l5g oxL r'N7f]df ‰'lG8g'k¥of] . cfxf Û 6«]gdf ‰'lG8g]

k]6L eGbf t slt xf] slt /fd|f] /x]5 ÛÆ s'/f Toltd} ;lsPg .

b'AnL kftnL tf]Qf]–rfg eGbf cf]P ‰G8} bf]Aa/ 7"nf] lyof] .

Snf;df ;aeGbf df]6f] / 7"nf] s]6f] lyof] pm . p;sf] r'N7f]nfO{

/]ndf ‰'lG8g] k]6L eGbf dfq} klg tf]Qf]nfO{ vlkg;Sg' eO;s]sf]

lyof] . ‰g\ v]n lbj;sf lbg 8f]/L tfÌ] v]ndf h:t} …xf]:6]===,

x}+;]===Ú eg]/ p;sf] r'N7f] tfÌ yfn] kl5 t lar/L cfFvf e/L

cfF;' kf/]/ ?g yfnL .

tf]Qf]–rfgsf lglDt r'N7f] af6\g' eg]sf] 7"nL s]6L x'g' ;/x

lyof] . r'N7f]sf sf/0f ;a}n] pmk|lt cfb/sf] Jojxf/ unf{g\ eÌ]

p;n] 7fg]sL lyO{ . pm ?Fb} x]8df:6/sf] clkm;lt/ bu'/L . ha

p;n] ;'FSs ;'FSs ub}{ 9f]sf 9S9SofPsf] ;'g], x]8df:6/ 9f]sf

vf]n]/ ;w}+ ‰}+ lgx'l/P .

æs] eof] <Æ— pgn] ;f]w] .

r'N7f] v':s]sf] 5 ls 5}g eg]/ 5fld;s]kl5 p;n] egL—

æcf]Pn] d]/f] r'N7f] ;dft]/ …xf]:6], x}+;]Ú eGb} tfGof] .Æ

x]8df:6/n] p;sf] skfn x]/] . cfF;'n] leh]sf] p;sf] cg'xf/sf]

7Ls pN6f] p;sf ;–;fgf r'N7f v'zL eP/ gflr/x]sf h:tf

b]lvGy] . pgL a;] / tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ klg cfkm"lt/ kmls{P/ a:g

nufP . cfˆgf] yf]tf] bfFtsf] dtna g/fvL ;w}+ ‰}+ pgL d':s'/fP .

pgn] eg], æef], g/f]pm . ltd|f] skfn s:tf] /fd|f] b]lvPsf]

5 ÛÆ

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 113 –

ætkfO{+nfO{ dg k¥of] <Æ cln–cln nhfpFb} cfF;'n] ntkt

ePsf] cg'xf/ p7fpFb} p;n] ;f]wL .

æPsbd /fd|f] 5 ÛÆ

tf]Qf]–rfg ?g 5f]8L / s';L{af6 cf]n{+b} egL— æca d ?Ì .

cf]Pn] xf]:6] x}+;] eg] klg ?Ì .Æ

x]8df:6/ :jLs[ltdf d'G6f] xNnfpFb} xfF;] .

tf]Qf]–rfg klg xfF;L . p;sf] d':sfg r'N7f];Fu Psbd} ;'xfPsf]

lyof] . x]8df:6/nfO{ ‰'s]/ k|0ffd u/L / bu'b}{ ;fyLx¿sxfF uP/

v]Ng yfnL .

cfˆgf] cufl8 skfn sGofpFb} pleO/x]sf] cf]PnfO{ b]Vbf

p;n] cfkm" /f]Psf] s'/f lal;{;s]sL lyO{ . 7"nf] :j/df p;n]

eGof]— æd}n] ltd|f] skfn tfg]sf]df ;/L Û d}n] x]8;/sf]

ufnL vfPF . s]6Lx¿nfO{ /fd|f] Jojxf/ ug'{k5{ eg]/ eÌ' ef] .

pgLx¿;Fu gd| Jojxf/ ug'{k5{, pgLx¿sf] Vofn /fVg'k5{ klg

eÌ' ef] .Æ

tf]Qf]nfO{ cln crDd h:tf] nfUof] . s]6Lx¿nfO{ /fd|f]

Jojxf/ ug'{k5{ eg]sf] p;n] klxn] slxNo} ;'g]sL lyOg . hlxn]

klg s]6fx¿sf] a9L dxŒj x'GYof] . p;nfO{ yfxf ePsf] w]/}

s]6fs]6L ePsf kl/jf/df hlxn] klg s]6fx¿nfO{ klxn] vfgf

kl:sOGYof] . clg s]6Lx¿ af]Nbf cfdfx¿ eGy] æs]6Lx¿ w]/}

af]Ng'x'Fb}g .Æ

t/ x]8df:6/n] eg] cf]PnfO{ …s]6Lx¿sf] Vofn /fVg'k5{Ú

eg]sf lyP . tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ crDd nfu]sf] lyof] . clg p;nfO{

nfUof]— s:tf] /fd|f] . c¿n] cfˆgf] Vofn /fv]sf] t /fd|f] xf] lg Û

cf]Psf] nflu eg] Tof] cln ckfRo eof] . s]6Lx¿k|lt gd|

x'g' /] Û clg x]8df:6/af6 p;n] ufnL vfPsf] klg Tof] klxnf]

/ clGtd k6s lyof] . p;n] Tof] lbg slxNo} la;]{g .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 114 –

…YofÍ o"Ú Û

gofF jif{sf] 5'§L glhls+b} lyof] . udL{sf] 5'§Ldf h:tf] :s"ndf

;do latfpg] geO{, s]6fs]6Lx¿ of] 5'§Lel/ kl/jf/;Fu} ;do

latfpFy] .

ldlutf ;a}nfO{ eGb}lyof]— æd t gofF jif{ So'z'df xh'/

a'af;Fu latfpF5' .Æ clg lj1fgsf] k|of]u ug{ ?rfpg] tfO{–rfg

rflx+ æd t bfO;Fu lkmlhS;sf] k|of]uzfnf x]g{ hfg]Æ eGYof] .

5'6\g] j]nfdf ;a}n] ækl5 e]6f}+nfÆ eg] .

tf]Qf]–rfg eg] a'af / cfdf;Fu :sL -lxpF lrKn]6L_ v]Ng

uO{ . lxb]cf] ;fOtf] a'afsf] ldNg] ;fyL lyP / a'afs} cs]{i6«fdf

r]nf]–jfbs / ;+uLt lgb]{zs klg lyP . lzuf kxf8df pgsf]

;'Gb/ 3/ lyof] . x/]s lxpFbdf pgLx¿ ToxL+ a:y] . To;sf/0f

tf]Qf]–rfgn] cfkm" lsG8/–uf6]{gdf ePb]lv g} :sL ug{ l;s]sL lyO{ .

:6]zgaf6 3f]8fn] tfÌ] lxpF–uf8L lnP/ :sL ug]{ 7fpF;Dd

k'Ug'kYof]{ . ;]tfDd] / s]xLn] klg gsf]t/]sf] :jR5 lxpFsf] ;fu/

lyof] Tof] . st}st} dfq ¿vsf 7'6f b]lvGy] . ;fOtf]sf] h:tf]

3/ gePsfx¿sf] lglDt ToxfF Pp6f hfkfgL z}nLsf] / Pp6f

klZrdf z}nLsf] xf]6n dfq 5g\ eg]/ cfdfn] elGyg\ . t/ klg

w]/} ljb]zLx¿ k'Uy] ToxfF .

tf]Qf]–rfgsf nflu of] jif{ cl3Nnf] jif{eGbf km/s lyof] .

Ps t pm klxnf] sIffsL ljBfyL{ ePsL lyO{ . clg csf]{ s'/f

s] eg] p;n] clnslt c+u|]hL klg l;s]sL lyO{ . a'afn] p;nfO{

…YofÍ o"Ú eÌ l;sfPsf lyP .

lxpFdf :sL ;lxt plePsL tf]Qf]–rfgsf] glhs}af6 hfg]

ljb]zLx¿ p;nfO{ x]/]/ s]xL g s]xL eGy] . æslt /fd|L, xlu <Æ

jf o:t} s]xL eg]sf] x'g ;S5 . t/ tf]Qf]–rfg s]xL a'l´bgyL .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 115 –

kf]xf]/;Dd t, c¿x¿n] cfˆgf]af/]df s'/f ubf{ s] eÌ'k5{ eÌ] klg

p;nfO{ yfxf lyPg . t/ o;kflnb]lv eg] cfˆgf] 6fpsf] xNnfpFb}

…YofÍ o"Ú eÌ ;Sg] ePsL lyO{ .

To;n] ubf{ tL ljb]zLx¿ c¿ dhfn] xfF:y] / c¿ s] s]

eGy] . s'g} j]nf sf]xL lgx'l/P/ p;sf] ufnfdf cfˆgf] ufnf

hf]8\y] eg], slxn] sf]xL cfP/ p;nfO{ cFufnf] dfy]{ . vfnL …YofÍ

o"Ú eg]sf] e/df oltsf ;fyL agfpg ;Sg' 7"n} s'/f nfUYof]

tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ .

Ps lbg Ps hgf ;'Gb/ dflg; tf]Qf]–rfgsf] glhs cfof]

/ Ozf/fn] s]xL ;f]Wof]— tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ p;sf] :sLsf] cl3lNt/

a:g] ls eg]/ ;f]w]sf] /x]5 . a'afn] :jLs[lt lbP . Tof] dflg;n]

tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ cfˆgf] :sLdf a:g nufof] / lzuf kj{tsf] nfdf]

/ t];f]{ t];f]{ cf]/fnf]df tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ :sL u/fpg yfNof] . xfjfsf]

ultdf pgLx¿ lrKn] . sfg5]paf6 hf]8n] rL;f] xfjf aUbf

;';]n]sf] h:tf] cfjfh cfpFYof] . gnl8of];\ eg]/ tf]Qf]–rfgn]

cfˆg} 3'F8f a]:;/L ;dftL . cln 8/nfUb} v]n eP klg p;nfO{

c;fWo} /dfOnf] eof] . pgLx¿ 6Ss /f]ls+bf x]g]{ hlt ;a}n] tfnL

lk6] . Tof] dflg;sf] :sLaf6 p7]/ tf]Qf]–rfg bz{sx¿lt/ lj:tf/}

‰'sL / …YofÍ o"Ú egL . pgLx¿n] ‰g\ hf]8n] tfnL ahfP .

w]/}kl5 dfq p;n] yfxf kfO{— Tof] dflg;sf] gfd ;fO8/

/x]5 / pm t ljZj k|l;4 :sL–v]nf8L kf] /x]5 . p;n] hlxn]

klg k|of]u ug]{ :sL kf]n rfFbLsf] x'Fbf]/x]5 . t/ Tof] lbg p;nfO{

dg k/]sf] s'/f rflx+ s] eg] :sLkl5 ;a}n] tfnL lk6]sf] j]nfdf

p;n] tf]Qf]–rfgsf] xft ;dft]/ s'g} 7"n} dfG5]nfO{ x]/] ‰}+ x]¥of] /

…YofÍ o"Ú eGof] . aRrfnfO{ h:tf] xf]Og 7"nf] dfG5]nfO{ ‰}+ Jojxf/

u¥of] . pm lgx'l/g] lalQs} tf]Qf]nfO{ nfUof] of] enfb\dL dflg;

xf] . To;j]nf cl3lNt/sf] ;]tf] lxpFnfO{ p;n] ;LdfljxLg b]vL .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 116 –

k':tsfno

hf8f]sf] 5'§Lkl5 s]6fs]6Lx¿ ha :s"n kms]{ Pp6f gf}nf] /

uHhasf] s'/f b]v] . v'zLn] lrRofpFb}, /dfpFb} pgLx¿n] To;sf]

:jfut u/] . P;]DAnL xnsf] km"naf/L 5]pdf Pp6f gofF /]nsf]

l8Aaf lyof] . pgLx¿ gePsf] j]nfdf Tof] t k':tsfnodf kf]

kl/0ft eP5 . ;a}n] ;Ddfg ug]{ / h] ug{ klg l;kfn' kfn]bfO

l/of] rfgn] kSs} klg w]/} d]xgt ug'{ k/]sf] xf]nf . pgn] ToxfF

leq slt xf] slt lstfasf] ¥ofs /flvlbPsf lyP / cg]s

lsl;dsf / cg]s /Ësf lstfan] tL el/Psf lyP . a;]/

k9\gnfO{ ToxfF s';L{ 6]a'n klg lyP .

…of] ltdLx¿sf] k':tsfnoÚ— x]8df:6/n] eg] . æh;n] h'g

lstfa k9] klg x'G5 . oLdWo] s'g} lstfa cs}{ Snf;sf] nflu

xf] ls eg]/ wÌ} dÌ' kb}{g . hlt j]nf dg nfU5, oxfF cfP

x'G5 . lstfa 3/ n}hfg dg nfUof] eg] nu] klg x'G5 . t/

kl9;s]kl5 eg] kSsf lkmtf{ ug'{ . clg ltdLx¿sf] 3/df klg

c¿n] dg k/fpg] vfnsf] s'g} lstfa 5 eg], oxfF NofP x'G5 .

d Psbd v'zL x'G5' . h] eP klg, hlt ;S5f}, k9 ÛÆ

ePe/sf aRrfx¿ Ps :j/n] s/fP, æcfhsf] klxnf] lkl/o8

nfOa|]/L lkl/o8 agfpg] ÛÆ

x]8df:6/n] eg]— æ;fFRr} To;f] ug{ dg nfUof xf] t

ltdLx¿nfO{ <Æ aRrfx¿ Tolt pT;flxt ePsf] b]v]/ pgL bË k/]/

xfF;] . / eg] æTo;f] eP x'G5 lg t, lsg gx'g' ÛÆ

clg tf]df]Pdf ePe/sf krf;} hgf ljBfyL{x¿ Tof]

l8Aafdf k;] . pgLx¿ lgs} /f]dflGrt eP/ cfkm"nfO{ dg

kg]{ lstfa l6k] / st} a:g vf]h] . t/ cfwf ljBfyL{nfO{

dfq k'Ug] s';L{ lyof], afFsL ;a} p7\g'kg] { ef] . 7\ofSs}

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 117 –

el/Psf] 6« ]g h:tf] b]lvof]— dflg;x¿ p7]/} kl9/x]sf] . x]bf{

/dfOnf] lyof] .

s]6fs]6L a]:;/L /dfPsf lyP . tf]Qf]–rfgn] c‰} w]/} k9\g

hflg;s]sL lyOg . To;}n] p;n] Pp6f /dfOnf] b]lvg] t:jL/

ePsf] lstfa 5fgL . ;a}n] Ps]scf]6f lstfa xftdf lnP/ k9\g

yfn]kl5 Tof] l8Aaf zfGt eof] . t/ of] w]/} a]/ eg] l6s]g .

cg]s lsl;dsf cfjfhn] Tof] df}gtf eË eof] . sf]xL sf]xL

7"nf] :j/n] kl9/x]sf lyP . sf]xL eg] cfkm"n] glrg]sf] cIf/

s] xf] eg]/ c¿nfO{ ;f]lw/x]sf lyP . sf]xL rflx+ lstfa ;f6\g

vf]lh/x]sf lyP . 6«]g xfF;f]n] el/of] . Pp6f s]6f]n] …uLlt t:jL/Ú

eÌ] lstfa e]6]/ 7"N7"nf] :j/df To;df ePsf] t'saGbL k9\b}

cg'xf/sf] lrq agfO/x]sf] lyof] M

æuf]nf] 3]/f]df Pp6f yf]Knf], csf]{ 3]/f]df csf]{ yf]Knf]

lqm;qm; lqm;qm; gfs ag]5, csf]{ 3]/f] csf]{ yf]Knf],

ltgf]6f /f}+, ltgf]6f /f}+, csf]{ ltgf]6f x]/ t, nf} Û

Sof dhfsf] eP5 of] t a"9L aHo}sf] cg'xf/ uf]nf] ÛÆ

æx]/ nf}Æ eGbf cg'xf/sf] 3]/f] agfpg'kYof]{ . clg æSof

dhfsf] eP5Æ eGbf tLg j6f cw{rGb|fsf/ sf]g'{kYof]{ . 7Ls 9Ën]

sf]g]{ xf] eg], uLt ufO;Sbf hfkfgL :6fOnsf] skfn ePsL df]6L

:jf:gLdfG5]sf] cg'xf/ lg:sGYof] .

tf]df]Pdf ljBfyL{ cfˆgf] OR5f cg';f/ s'g ljifo klxn] /

s'g kl5 k9\g] eÌ] lg0f{o uy]{ . To;}n] c¿n] s] ul//x]sf] 5

eÌ] s'/fn] cfkm"nfO{ l8:6a{ x'g lbg] s'/} ePg . jl/kl/ h] ;'s}

eO/x]sf] xf];\, cfˆgf] sfddf s]lGb|t x'g pgLx¿ cEo:t lyP .

To;}n] df]6L dlxnfsf] cg'xf/ agfO/x]sf] Tof] s]6fnfO{ s;}n]

jf:tf u/]sf] lyPg . Ps–b'O{ hgfn] pml;t ufO/x]sf] eP klg

c¿ cfˆg} lstfadf dUg lyP .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 118 –

tf]Qf]–rfgsf] lstfa nf]ssyfsf] h:tf] lyof] . To;df Pp6f

wgL dflg;sL 5f]/L lyO{ . hlxn] klg kfb\g] ePsfn] p;sf]

lax] x'g ;s]sf] lyPg . cflv/ p;sf afa' cfdfn] p;sf] lax]

u/fOlbP . t/ lax]sf] /flt pm c;fWo} v'zL eP/ kfb]sf] j]nf

t Tof] xfjfn] p;sf] nf]Ug]nfO{ g} p8fP5 . sf]7fdf kmGkmgL

;f9] ;ft kmGsf] 3'd]/ k5fl/P/ nf]Ug] t a]xf]z eP5 . To;df

ePsf] xfF;f]p7\bf] t:jL/df pm sf]7fdf pl8/x]sf] lyof] . kl5 Tof]

lstfasf] dfu a];/L a9\of] .

:s"nel/sf ljBfyL{ ´ofnaf6 k;]sf] laxfgLsf] 3fdsf]

ls/0fdf ;fl8{g df5f ‰}+ vfFlbP/ cToGt pT;'stfsf ;fy lstfa

x]l//x]sf lyP . of] b[Zon] x]8df:6/sf] dg kSs} k|km'Nn ePsf]

x'g'k5{ .

lbgel/ g} ljBfyL{n] ToxL nfOa|]/Ldf Tof] lbg latfP .

To;kl5 kfgL k/]/ aflx/ hfg g;Sbf jf c¿ j]nf klg

ljBfyL{x¿ hDdf x'gsf lglDt Tof] k':tsfno lk|o ynf] aGof] .

Ps lbg x]8df:6/n] eg]— æk':tsfnosf] glhs} Pp6f

zf}rfno agfpg'k¥of] Sof/] ÛÆ

pgn] of] lg0f{o ug'{sf] sf/0f s] lyof] eg] lstfadf dUg

eP/ ljBfyL{ w]/} a]/;Dd lb;f—lk;fa /f]s]/ a:y] clg cGTodf

6\jfOn]6 hfg tF5f8d5f8 x'GYof] . hLpnfO{ sqm\ofs–s'qm's kf/]/

cgf}7f];Fu lk;fa Roflk/x]sf x'Gy] ;a} .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 119 –

k'R5/

Ps lbg lbpF;f] :s"n l;l4O;s]kl5 tf]Qf]–rfg 3/ hfg

nfu]sL lyO{ . cf]P bu'b}{ cfof] / sfgdf v';'Ss eGof]— æx]8;/

s'lÌ sf];Fu xf] a]:;/L l/;fpg'ePsf] 5 ÛÆ

tf]Qf]–rfgn] ;f]wL æv}, sxfF <Æ

x]8df:6/ l/;fPsf] p;n] slxNo} ;'g]sL lyOg . p;nfO{

crDd nfUof] . olt xtf/f] u/]/ o;/L bu'b}{ bu'b}{ cfPsf]n] cf]P

klg TolQs} 5Ss k/]sf] x'g'k5{ .

æToxfF efG;fdf ÛÆ p;sf lgbf]{if 7"nf cfFvf c¿ 7"nf kf/]/

gfssf kf]/f km'nfpFb} cf]Pn] eGof] .

æhfd, lx+8 ÛÆ

tf]Qf]–rfgn] cf]Psf] xft ;dftL / b'j} hgf x]8df:6/sf]

Sjf6/lt/ bu'/] . Tof] P;]DAnL xn;Fu} hf]l8Psf] lyof] . efG;f3/

eg] :s"n d}bfgsf] kl5Nnf] 9f]sf;Fu} lyof] . tf]Qf]–rfg gfnLdf

v;]sf] j]nf p;nfO{ ToxL efG;f x'Fb} afy?ddf g'xfpg nu]sf

lyP . clg nGr6fOddf gk'u]sf] s'/f yKg eg]/ ToxL efG;f3/df

…kxf8af6 s]xL / ;d'b|af6 s]xLÚ aGYof] .

pgLx¿ la/fnfsf] rfnn] efG;flt/ hfFbf hfFb} aGb 9f]sf

leqaf6 x]8df:6/sf] l/;fPsf] :j/ ;'g] .

æclnslt klg ljrf/ gu/L lsg tfsfxfzLnfO{ p;sf] k'R5/

5 eg]sf] <Æ

pgLx¿s} sIff–lzIfsn] ufnL vfO/x]sL /lx5g\ .

æd}n] To:tf] uDeL/tfk"j{s eg]s} xf]OgÆ— pgsf] hjfkm

;'lgof] .

æd}n] 7\ofSs ToxLj]nf p;nfO{ b]Vg k'u]+ . pm s:tf]

dfofnfUbf] b]lvPsf] lyof] .Æ

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 120 –

æt/ tkfO{+n] h] eÌ'ef] To;sf] uDeL/tf b]Vg ;Sg' x'Ì <

tfsfxfzLsf] af/]df d slt ljrf/ ul//xG5' eÌ] s'/f tkfO{+nfO{

s;/L a'‰fpg] <Æ

tf]Qf]–rfgn] Tof] lbg laxfg Snf;df ePsf] s'/f ;D‰L .

dflg;sf] klg z'¿df k'R5/ lyof] eg]/ Snf;–6Lr/n] atfO/x]sL

lyOg\ . s]6fs]6Lx¿nfO{ of] xfF;f]p7\bf] nflu/x]sf] lyof] . 7"nf

dflg;n] pgsf] n]Sr/nfO{ dfgj–ljsf;sf] kl/ro eGbf x'g\ . t/

aRrfx¿nfO{ eg] v"a /dfOnf] nflu/x]sf] lyof] . clg …slSsS;Ú

gfdsf] k'R5/sf] c+z ;a}sf] x'G5 eGbf cfˆgf] rflx+ sxfF xf]nf

eg]/ s]6fs]6Lx¿ ;f]Rg yfn] / ToxfF xNnfvNnf x'g yfNof] .

clg 7§f ub}{ lzlIfsfn] eg]sL lyOg\— æoxfF s;}sf] c‰} k'R5/

5 ls t < ltd|f] 5, tfsfxfzL <Æ

tfsfxfzL xQgkQ p7\of], a];/L 6fpsf] xNnfof] / eGof]

æ5}g d]/f] t ÛÆ

tf]Qf]–rfgn] a'‰L— x]8df:6/n] ToxL s'/f elg/x]sf] x'g'k5{ .

pgsf] :j/ ca l/;fPsf] eGbf klg pbf; a9L ;'lgGYof] .

æp;sf] k'R5/ 5 ls eg]/ ;f]Wbf tfsfxfzLnfO{ s:tf] nfUof]

xf]nf eg]/ tkfO{+n] ;f]Rg'eof] <Æ

tL s]6fs]6Ln] lzlIfsfsf] pQ/ ;'g]gg\ . k'R5/sf] s'/fdf

x]8df:6/ lsg olt la£g l/;fPsf xf]nfg\, tf]Qf]–rfgn] a'´g

;lsg . p;nfO{ ;f]w]sf] eP t slt v'zL x'GyL xf]nL pm Û

Tof] lbg x]8df:6/ pgLx¿sf] sIffsf] lg/LIf0f ul//x]sf

lyP / pgn] To;f]eGbf k5fl8sf] a]Grdf a;]/ ;'lg/x]sf lyP .

Snf;–6Lr/n] ;'FSs ;'FSs ub}{ æd}n] 7"nf] uNtL u/]+Æ eg]sf]

tf]Qf]–rfgn] ;'gL . ætfsfxfzL;Fu dfkmL dfUg d}n] s] ug'{ knf{ <Æ

x]8df:6/n] s]xL eg]gg\ . l;;fsf] 9f]sfaf6 tf]Qf]–rfgn]

pgnfO{ b]Vg ;lsg . t/ pgsf] 5]pdf a:g p;nfO{ c;fWo} dg

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 121 –

nfu]/ cfof] . lsg o:tf] ePsf] xf]nf eÌ] t p;n] a'l‰g, t/

p;nfO{ c¿ j]nf eGbf klg w]/} dfof nfUof] x]8;/sf] . pgL

s]6fs]6Lsf ;fyL lyP– h;nfO{ klg To:t} nfUbf] xf] .

x]8df:6/n] c¿ lzIfsx¿ klg ePsf] ˆofsN6L ?ddf ufnL

gu/]/ pgLx¿sf] Snf;–6Lr/nfO{ 5'§} efG;f3/df nu]/ cfnf]rgf

u/] . of] s'/f tf]Qf]–rfgn] slxNo} lal;{Og . pgL ;fFRr}sf

lzIffljb\ lyP eÌ] s'/f o;n] b]vfpFYof]— pm of] s'/f To;j]nf

a'l´bgyL . pgsf] :j/ / pgsf zAbx¿ eg] ;w}+el/ p;sf]

x[bodf /lx/x] .

j;Gt Ct' cfpg] j]nf eO;s]sf] lyof] . tf]Qf]–rfgsf] lglDt

tf]df]Pdf of] bf];|f] j;Gt lyof] . / gofF :s"n–jif{sf] ;'?cft klg .

tf]df]Pdf bf];|f] jif{

:s"n xftfsf ;a} ¿vdf gofF kfn'jf nfUg yfln;s]sf lyP

/ km"nsf Aof8df tF5f8d5f8 ub}{ km"nx¿ km'ln/x]sf lyP .

8\ofkmf]l8n, k]G;L, qmf]s; nufotsf y/Ly/Lsf km"nn] 6fpsf]

p7fP/ tf]df]Psf s]6fs]6LnfO{ …s:tf] 5 ltdLx¿nfO{Ú eÌ vf]h]

h:tf] nfUYof] . 6\o'nLksf km"n ‰g\ ‰g\ cUnf x'Fb} lyP . r]/Lsf

sf]lknf xfjfdf xlNn/x]sf lyP / Ozf/f kfpg] lalQs} kmqmg

tof/ eP/ a;]sf h:tf b]lvGy] .

:jLldª k'nsf] 5]pdf l;dG6Lsf] 6adf /fv]sf] …ANofs kk–

cfOÚ nufot df5fx¿ klg hLp xNnfpFb} /dfpFb} kf}l8g yfn]sf

lyP .

æj;Gt Ct' cfof]Æ eÌ' cfjZos g} lyPg . h'g Ct'df

;a} s'/f tfhf / rlDsnf] b]lvG5, To;sf] af/]df s]xL ;"rgf

lbO/fVg' g} lsg k¥of] Û ;a}nfO{ yfxf e}xfN5 lg– of] j;Gt xf] Û

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 122 –

tf]df]P ufs'Pgdf cfdf;Fu tf]Qf]–rfg cfPsf] 7\ofSs} Ps

jif{ eP5 . Tof] j]nf e'O{+af6} :s"nsf] k|j]zåf/f pd|]sf] b]Vbf pm

slt 5Ss k/]sL lyO{ Û clg 6«]gleq Snf; ePsf] b]Vbf slt

rDs]sL lyO{ / tndfly tndfly ub}{ pk|m]sL lyO{ . x]8df:6/

;f];fs' sf]afofzL cfˆgf] ldq ePsf] s'/fdf lglZrGt ePsL lyO{

pm . clxn] tf]Qf]–rfg / p;sf ;xkf7Lx¿ bf];|f] sIffdf uP/

gofF x}l;ot kfPsf]df dSv k/]sf lyP . gofF s]6fs]6Lx¿ klxnf]

sIffsf ljBfyL{ eP/ k|j]z u/]sf lyP . cl3Nnf] ;fn tf]Qf]–rfg

/ p;sf ;fyLx¿ h;/L 5Ss k/]sf lyP, gofF ljBfyL{ klg

clxn] TolQs} 5Ss k/]/ pT;'stfk"j{s rf/}t/ x]l//x]sf lyP .

uPsf] jif{ tf]Qf]–rfgsf lglDt 36g} 36gfn] el/Psf] jif{

ePsf] lyof] . x/]s laxfgLnfO{ pm pT;'stfk"j{s klv{/x]sL x'GyL .

c‰} klg p;nfO{ ;8s ufosx¿ dg ky]{ . t/ c¿ klg w]/}

s'/fnfO{ dgk/fpg p;n] l;ls;s]sL lyO{ . rsrs u/]/ csf]{

:s"naf6 lgsflnPsL of] s]6L tf]df]PnfO{ ;'xfpg] of]Uo ljBfyL{

eP/ x'ls{;s]sL lyO{ .

tf]df]Psf] lzIf0f k4ltaf/] s]xL cleefjsx¿nfO{ eg] zÍf

lyof] . s'g} s'g} j]nf t tf]Qf]–rfgs} a'af–cfdfnfO{ klg a]7Ls

kf] u¥of}+ ls eÌ] nfUYof] . sf]afofzLsf] lzIf0f k4ltnfO{ zÍfsf]

b[li6n] x]g]{ / cfkm"n] b]v]sf] e/df ;txL ¿kdf n]vfhf]vf ug]{x¿

dWo]sf sf]xL–sf]xL cleefjs t slt cflQP eg] pgLx¿n]

cfˆgf gfgLnfO{ csf]{ :s"ndf ;fg]{ aGbf]a:t klg ldnfP . t/

s]6fs]6Lx¿ cfkm}+ eg] hfg rfx]gg\ / a];/L /f]P . wÌ, tf]Qf]–

rfgsf] Snf;af6 eg] sf]xL klg csf]{ :s"ndf uPg . t/ Ps

sIff dflysf] Pp6f s]6f]sf] ufnfaf6 aa{/L cfF;' alu/x]sf] lyof] .

pm x]8df:6/sf] lk7\o'Fdf d'8\sL xfg]/ cfˆgf] b'Mv kf]lv/x]sf]

lyof] . p;sf] 3'F8f wl;|Psf] lyof] / ‰'l08Psf] kftnf] kfk|f

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 123 –

xlNnO/x]sf] lyof] . x]8df:6/sf cfFvf klg /Fbf ?Fbf /ftf ePsf

lyP . cGTodf p;sf cfdfa'afn] p;nfO{ :s"naf6 aflx/ lnP/}

uP . o;/L hfFbf pm af/Daf/ k5fl8 kmls{/Xof] / w]/} rf]l6

xft xNnfof] .

t/ olQs} b'MvnfUbf] csf]{ 36gf eg] ePg . tf]Qf]–rfg ca

bf];|f] sIffsL ljBfyL{ eO;s]sL lyO{ . x/]s lbg csf]{ cfZro{ /

gf}nf] v'zLsf] kvf{Odf lyO{ .

oltGh]n;Dddf tf]Qf]–rfgsf] :s"n–AofunfO{ klg p;sf]

lk7\o"Fdf afgL kl/;s]sf] lyof] .

:jfg n]s

tf]Qf]–rfg …:jfg n]sÚ Aofn] x]g{ lxlaof xndf uO{ . afafn]

efof]lng ahfPsf lyP . Pp6f Psbd} /fd|f] 6f]nLn] g[To b]vfPsf]

lyof] . pm Aofn] gfr x]g{ uPsf] of] klxnf] k6s lyof] . xfF;sL

/fgLn] 6fpsf]df rlDsnf] >Lk]r nufPsL lyOg\ / s]xL an

gu/L xNsf;Fu xfjfdf plk|m+bf ;fFRr}sf] /fhx+; h:tf] b]lvlGyg\ .

tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ To:t} nfUof] . /fhs'df/sf] x+;–/fgL;Fu k|]d eof] /

p;n] ;a}nfO{ TofUof] . cGTodf pgLx¿ k|]dk"j{s gfr] . ;+uLtn]

klg p;nfO{ a]:df/L k|efljt kf¥of] . 3/ k'u]kl5 klg To;}sf]

af/] ;f]rL /xL . ef]lnkN6 laxfg p7\g] lalQs} skfn} gsf]/L

pm ;/f;/ tn efG;fdf cfdf eP 7fpFdf uP/ egL— æd ca

hf;"; klg x'Ì, ;8s–ufos klg x'Ì, l6s6 a]Rg] klg x'Ì . d

t Aofn]l/gf x'G5' clg :jfg n]sdf gfR5' .Æ

cfdfn] æP˜˜ ÛÆ elgg\ . clnslt klg crDd nfu]g pgnfO{ .

tf]Qf]–rfgn] Aofn] g} x]/]sf] of] klxnf] k6s lyof] . t/

x]8df:6/af6 p;n] O;fbf]/f 8Gsgsf] af/]df w]/} ;'g]sL lyO{ .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 124 –

tL cd]l/sL dlxnf c;fWo} /fd|f] gflRyg\ /] . sf]afofzL ;/

h:t} pgL klg bfnqmf]haf6 k|efljt lyOg\ . cfkm"nfO{ Tolt ;fx|f]

dg kg]{ x]8df:6/n] dg k/fpg' g} tf]Qf]–rfgsf] lglDt sfkmL

lyof] . pgn] gfr]sf] slxNo} gb]v]sf] eP klg tf]Qf]nfO{ nfUof]

O;f8f]/fnfO{ p;n] lrg]sL 5 . To;}n] g[TofËgf x'g' eg]sf] tf]Qf]–

rfgnfO{ s'g} 7"nf] s'/f] nfu]sf] lyPg .

sf]afofzL ;/sf] Pshgf ;fyL tf]df]Pdf o'l/lßS; l;sfpg

cfpFy] . ToxL+ glhs} pgsf] cfˆgf] g[To :6'l8of] /x]5 . :s"n

l;l4Pkl5 tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ pgs} :6'l8of]df g[To l;Sg] aGbf]a:t

cfdfn] ldnfOlbOg\ . tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ slxNo} klg o;f] u/ /

p;f] gu/ eg]/ cfdfn] elGbg lyOg\ . p;n] s]xL ug{ rfxL

eg] w]/} gfnLa]nL g;f]wL ;s];Dd To;sf] aGbf]a:t ul/lblGyg\ .

tf]Qf]–rfgn] :6'l8of]df g[To l;Sg yfnL . :jfg n]sdf gfRg

kfOg] lbgsf] kvf{Odf lyO{ pm . t/ lzIfssf] eg] cfˆg} t/Lsf

lyof] . tf]df]Pdf ug]{ u/]sf] o'l/lßS; afx]s ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ lkofgf]

jf u|fdf]kmf]gsf] ;+uLtsf] tfndf lx+8\g nufpFy] . j]nf j]nfdf

pgLx¿nfO{ s'g} s'g} uLtsf s]xL c+zx¿ bf]xf]¥ofpg nufpFy] .

pbfx/0fsf nflu tLy{ ug{ eg]/ km'hL kj{t r9\g] tLyf{n'x¿n]

ug]{ u/]sf] k|fy{gf …kj{tdfly rDs]/, kljq kf/ d]/f] cfTdfnfO{Ú

sf] c+z …kj{tdfly rDs]/ÚnfO{ bf]xf]¥ofpg'kYof]{ . clg crfgs

lzIfsn] …kf]hÚ eg]/ s/fpFy] . Toltv]/ ljBfyL{x¿ cfkm"n] ;f]r]sf]

kf]hdf xnrn gu/L 6Ss cl8g'kYof]{ . lzIfs klg s'g} …kf]hÚdf

6Ss cl8Gy] . s'g} j]nf …cfr\Ú h:tf] cfjfh klg lgsfn]/

…:ju{lt/ x]/]sf]Ú kf]hdf jf lgx'l/P/ b'j} xftn] 6fpsf] ;dft]sf]

…kL8fdf ePsf] dflg;Úsf] kf]hdf cl8Gy] .

t/ tf]Qf]–rfgsf] dgdf ePsf] t:jL/ t rlDs/x]sf] >Lk]r

/ ;'Gb/ ;]tf] sGrg n'uf klxl//x]sL /fhxfF;sL /fgLsf] lyof] .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 125 –

…kj{tdfly rDs]/Ú jf …cfr\Ú t xf]Og Û

Ps lbg tf]Qf]–rfgn] cfF6 a6'nL / lzIfs eP 7fpFdf

uO{ . pgL k'?if eP klg pgsf] nfdf] nfdf] 3'ld|Psf] skfn

/ skfnsf] km'sf{ lyof] . tf]Qf]–rfgn] xft km}nfO{ / /fhxfF;sf]

kv]6f h:tf] rnfO{ .

æxfdL slxNo} o:tf] rflx+ gug]{ <Æ– p;n] ;f]wL .

lzIfs 7"n7"nf uf]nf cfFvf / ;'ufsf] h:tf] gfs ePsf

;'Gb/ dflg; lyP .

pgn] eg]— æxfdLsxfF To:tf] gfr t x'Fb}g .Æ

To;kl5 tf]Qf]–rfg :6'l8of] hfg 5f]8L . Aofn]sf] h'Qf

gnufOsg vfnL v'§fdf a'b|'s a'b|'s pk|m]/ cfkm}+n] ;f]r]sf] kf]h

lbg klg p;nfO{ /dfOnf] nfUYof] . t/ cflv/ p;n] rfx]s} eg]sf]

t Tof] ;fgf] rlDsnf] >Lk]r nufpg xf] lg Û

lzIfsn] eg]sf lyP– :jfg n]s /fd|f] 5 . t/ ltdL cfˆgf]

sNkgf cg';f/ gfRg ;Ifd xf]p eÌ] d rfxG5' .Æ

w]/} jif{kl5 dfq tf]Qf]–rfgn] yfxf kfO{— tL g[To lzIfssf]

gfd afs' OlzO /x]5 . pgn] g} hfkfgdf k|mL Aofn]sf] k|j]z

u/fPsf /x]5g\ . Tolt dfq xf]Og, Tof] OnfsfnfO{ …lho'ufcf]sfÚ

cyf{t\ zflGtsf] kxf8 eg]/ gfd klg pg}n] lbPsf lyP . tf]Qf]–

rfgnfO{ :jtGq g[Tosf] cfgGb l;sfpg] sf]lzz ubf{ pgL krf;

jif{ eO;s]sf lyP .

s[lif lzIfs

æcfhsf] lglDt pxfF ltdLx¿sf] lzIfs x'g'x'G5 . pxfFn] ca

cg]s s'/f b]vfpg'x'G5 ltdLx¿nfO{ .Æ o;f] eg]/ x]8df:6/n] gofF

lzIfssf] kl/ro u/fP . tf]Qf]–rfgn] pgnfO{ /fd|f];Fu x]/L .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 126 –

pgLn] nufPsf] n'uf lzIfssf] h:tf] 5Fb} lyPg . uGhL aflx/

pgn] sfd ubf{ nufpg] s6gsf] ws]{ Hofs]6 nufPsf lyP .

6fO{sf] ;§f pgsf] 3fF6Ldf ?dfn ‰'l08/x]sf] lyof] . ;'?jfn klg

v'§fdf 6Dd k/]sf] OlG8uf]n] /ËfPsf] / htftt} 6fn]sf] lyof] .

h'Qfsf] ;§f >ldsx¿n] nufpg] /a/sf] ;f]n ePsf] afSnf] b'O{

cf}+n] a'6 nufPsf lyP . clg pgsf] 6fpsf]df k/fnsf] yf]qf]

5q] 6f]kL lyof] .

s]6fs]6Lx¿ ;a} s'xf]ga'Rr' dlGb/sf] kf]v/L 5]p e]nf ePsf

lyP .

tL gofF lzIfsnfO{ x]l//xFbf tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ nfUof] klxNo} st}

pgnfO{ b]v]sf] x'g'k5{ . æsxfF xf]nf <Æ eg]/ pm ;f]Rg yfnL .

bofn' b]lvg] ls;fgsf] cg'xf/ 3fdn] 89]sf] lyof] / rfp/L k/]sf]

lyof] . sDd/df k]6Lsf] ;§f pgn] afFw]sf] 8f]/Laf6 ‰'l08O/x]sf]

kftnf] kfOk ;d]t p;nfO{ st} b]v] b]v] h:tf] nfUof] . clg

p;n] ´jf§ ;D‰L .

ætkfO{+ vf]nf5]psf] v]tdf sfd ug]{ ls;fg xf]Og <Æ v'zL

x'Fb} p;n] ;f]wL .

æxf] lg ÛÆ tL …lzIfsÚn] cg'xf/nfO{ c¿ a9L rfp/L kf/]/

bfFt b]lvg] u/L xfF:b} eg]— æltd]? s'xf]ga'Rr' hfFbf d]/} v]t eÚ/

t hfG5f} lg Û d]/} v]t xf] lg Û Tof] Sof t — P]n] 9sdSs

tf]/Lsf] km"n km'Nof 7fd\ ÛÆ

æcf]xf] Û cfh tkfO{+ xfd|f] lzIfs ÛÆ /dfpFb} ljBfyL{x¿ s/fP .

æxf]Og xf]O ÛÆ cfˆgf] cg'xf/ cl3lNt/ xft xNnfpFb} tL

dflg;n] eg]— æs]sf] df:t/ x'g' df] < df] tf ls;fg xf] s] <

ltd]sf]{ x]b;/n] s] s] u/ e'Gof], TolQ xf] ÛÆ

pgsf] kl5 pleP/ x]8df:6/n] eg] æxf]Og Aof/] Û pxfF

ltdLx¿sf] s[lif lzIfs x'g'x'G5 . s;/L v]tL ug]{ eg]/ ltdLx¿nfO{

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 127 –

l;sfpg pxfF dflglbg'eof] . of] eg]sf] s;/L kfp/f]6L agfpg]

eg]/ a]s/;Fu l;Sg' h:t} xf] .Æ clg ls;fglt/ kms]{/ pgn]

eg]— æn t ca Û s] s] ug]{ eg]/ s]6fs]6LnfO{ elglbgf];\ .

ca z'¿ u/f}+ .Æ

c¿ k|fylds :s"nx¿df aRrfx¿nfO{ k9fpg cf}krfl/s

of]Uotf x'g'kYof]{ xf]nf t/ sf]afofzL ;/nfO{ To:tf] …of]UotfÚsf]

s'g} dtna lyPg . s]6fs]6Lx¿n] k|ToIf cg'ejaf6 l;Sg'nfO{

pgL dxŒjk"0f{ 7fGy] .

ænf} tf lg Û yfn'd\ cfaf]Æ— tL s[lif lzIfsn] eg] .

pgLx¿ hDdf ePsf] 7fpF s'xf]ga'Rr' kf]v/Lsf] 5]pdf lyof] .

Tof] 7fpF ljz]if} zfGt / ;'Gb/ lyof] . kf]v/LnfO{ ¿vx¿n] ;]k

lbPsf lyP . x]8df:6/n] klxNo}b]lv /]nsf] l8Aafsf] 6'qmfnfO{

s'6f]–sf]bfnf] /fVgsf lglDt eg]/ /flvlbO;s]sf lyP . aRrfx¿n]

v]tL ug]{ eg]sf] hUufsf] aLrdf /]nsf] Tof] cfwL l8Aaf klg

lrl6Ss k/]sf] /fd|f] b]lvPsf] lyof] .

s[lif lzIfsn] s]6fs]6LnfO{ /]nsf] l8Aafaf6 s'6f] sf]bfnf]

lgsfNg nufP / uf]8\g] sfd l;sfpg yfn] . 3fF;sf af/]df pgn]

atfP— 3fF; slt Hofb|f] x'G5, s;/L s'g} s'g} 3fF; nufPsf]

afnLeGbf l56f] a9\5 / d'Vo afnLsf lglDt rflxg] 3fdsf]

k|sfz 5]lslbG5, v/fa sL/fx¿sf lglDt s;/L tL 3fF;x¿ n'Sg]

7fpF eOlbG5g\, clg df6f]af6 aLpnfO{ rflxg] kf]if0ftTj s;/L

tL 3fF;x¿n] vfOlbG5g\=== . pgn] Pskl5 csf]{ s'/f l;sfpFb}

uP . af]n'Gh]n klg pgn] uf]8\g 5f]8]gg\ . ljBfyL{ klg pgsf]

l;sf] ul//x] . clg pgn] ljBfyL{nfO{ s;/L s'6f] rnfpg], 8\ofª

agfpg], s;/L dn lkm+hfpg] h:tf afnL nufpFbf ug'{kg]{ x/]s

s'/f Ps Ps ub}{ b]vfpFb} l;sfP .

Pp6f ;fgf] ;k{n] 6fpsf] p7fP/ tf–rfg eÌ] dflyNnf]

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 128 –

sIffsf] Pp6f s]6fsf] xft ‰G8} 6f]s]sf] . t/ s[lif u'?n] p;nfO{

cfZj:t kfb}{ eg]— æotflt/sf] ;k{ lavfn' x'Fb}g s] Û pg]?nfO{

gflh:SofP pNn] klg So} ufb}{g ÛÆ

v]tL s;/L ug]{ eg]/ dfq} xf]Og, pgn] sL/f km6\ofª\u|f,

r/f, k'tnL clg df};d / c¿ klg cg]s s'/fsf af/]df atfP .

pgn] eg] hlt ;a} s'/fsf] 1fg pgL cfkm}+n] cg'ej u/]/ yfxf

kfPsf] xf] eÌ] s'/fsf] k|df0f g;}g;fn] el/Psf pgsf xft lyP .

…lzIfsÚsf] d2tn] v]t /f]kL l;4\ofpFbf aRrfx¿ kl;gfn]

lgy|'Ss eO;s]sf lyP . gldn]sf Ps b'O{ j6f 8\ofª afx]s

htfaf6 x]/] klg Tof] bf]if/lxt /f]kfOF b]lvGYof] .

Tof] lbgb]lv, ljBfyL{n] tL ls;fgnfO{ ;Ddfgsf ;fy x]g{

yfn] . k/}af6 pgnfO{ b]Vbf klg ljBfyL{x¿ s/fpFy]— æpm xfd|f]

s[lif lzIfs ÛÆ cfˆgf] v]taf6 pa|]sf] dn NofP/ pgn] s]6fs]6Lsf]

v]tdf 5l/lbGy] . pgLx¿sf] afnL /fd|f];Fu x'ls{/x]sf] lyof] . x/]s

lbg sf]xL g sf]xL afnL x]g{ hfGYof] / cfP/ x]8df:6/ / c¿

s]6fs]6LnfO{ l/kf]6{ uYof]{ . cfkm"n] /f]k]sf] aLp 6';fpg'sf] cfZro{

/ v'zLdf /dfpg aRrfx¿n] l;s] . b'O{ tLg hgf hDdf x'g]

lalQs} cfˆgf] v]tsf] ljsf;sf af/]df pgLx¿ s'/f uy]{ .

;+;f/sf ljleÌ 7fpFdf eofgs 36gf 36\g yfln;s]sf lyP

Tof] j]nf . t/ cfˆgf] ;fgf] v]tsf] af/]df s'/f ul//xFbf tL

s]6fs]6L eg] zflGtsf] s]Gb|d} a]l/Psf x'Gy] .

jgef]h

Pslbg :s"n l;l4g] lalQs} s;};Fu af]Nb} gaf]nL tf]Qf]–rfg

:s"nsf] u]6lt/ nfuL / s;};Fu ljbfafbL klg geOsg xtf/

xtf/ lho'ufcf]sf :6]zglt/ bu'/L . pm Psf]xf]/f] 3f]sL/x]sL

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 129 –

lyO{— ær6\ofª] uN5L v'nf efG;f, r6\ofª] uN5L v'nf efG;f===Æ

;fgL aRrLsf nflu 3f]SgnfO{ of] cln cK7\of/} lyof] . t/ klg

/fs'uf]sf] sldssf] dfG5]sf] hlt cK7\of/f] rflx+ t cln xf]Og .

lrqsyfsf] Tof] dfG5]sf] nfdf] g nfdf] gfd eÌ g} olta]/

nfUYof] ls p;nfO{ arfpg hfg] dflg;x¿n] pm sf] xf] eÌ]

yfxf gkfO{ pm 8'la;s]sf] lyof] . Tof] hlt ufx|f] g} geP klg

tL zAbx¿ ;D‰g tf]Qf]–rfgn] g3f]sL ePsf] lyPg . sldsdf

…h'u]d' h'u]d'Ú af6 z'¿ x'g] Tof] nfdf] gfd p;n] ;'Ì] u/L s;}n]

lnOlbPsf] eP p;n] ær6ofª] uN5L===Æ Ps}l5gdf la;{GyL xf]nf .

kfgL hd]sf] 7fpFdf pm plk|m+bf h:tf] æn x]/Æ eg]/ cfkm}+ s/fPsf]

eP klg p;n] 3f]s]sf] s'/f ;a uf]ndfn x'g ;SYof] . To;}n]

otfptf s]xL gu/L pm nuftf/ 3f]s]sf] 3f]So} ul//x]sL lyO{ .

efUon] ubf{ 6«]gdf ;d]t s;}n] klg p;nfO{ cNdNofPg . t/

:6]zg 5f]8\g] j]nfdf ToxL+ sfd ug]{ Ps hgf lrg]sf] dfG5]n] æP

kmls{;Sof} <Æ eg]/ ;f]w] . hjfkm lbg} nfu]sL p;n] cfkm}+nfO{ /f]sL

/ 3f]ls/x]sf] s'/f la;]{nf eg]/ xft dfq} xNnfP/ 3/lt/ bu'/L .

3/sf] 9f]sfdf k'Ug] lalQs} ;s];Dd 7"nf] :j/n] cfdfnfO{

nlIft u/]/ pm lrRofO{— ær6\ofª] uN5L v'nf efG;f ÛÆ z'¿df t

cfdfn] s]xL a'´g} ;lsgg\ . h'8f] v]Nbf s/fpg] cfjfh xf] ls,

;TrfnL; /f]lggsf] cfqmfds cfjfh Û Psl5g kl5 aNn a'l‰g\ .

lho'ufcf]sf eGbf tLg :6]zg k/lt/ tf]bf]/f]sL s]Osf]s' cyf{t\

r6\ofª] uN5L eÌ] gfd"b ;f}Gbo{ s]Gb| lyof] . k'/fgf] 6f]Sof]df

of] ;aeGbf gfd rn]sf] 7fpF dWo]sf] Pp6f lyof] . ToxfF ‰gf{,

vf]nf / ;'Gb/ au}+rf lyP . v'nf efG;f eg]sf] rflx+ s]6fs]6Lx¿

ToxfF uP/ aflx/} ksfP/ vfg] eg]sf] x'g'k5{ . cfdfnfO{ nfUof]–

s]6fs]6LnfO{ t pRrf/0f ug}{ slt ufx|f] /x]5 of] gfd Û t/

aRrfx¿nfO{ dg k¥of] eg] t ;lhn} l;Sbf /x]5g\ lg t Û

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 130 –

Tof] cK7]/f] zAbfjnLaf6 d'lQm kfPkl5 tf]Qf]–rfgn] Ps–Ps

ub}{ cfdf;Fu ;a} a]nL lj:tf/ nufO{ . csf]{ z'qmaf/ laxfg

:s"ndf ;a} s]6fs6L hDdf x'g'kg]{ lyof] . pgLx¿ x/]sn] 3/af6

lnP/ hfg'kg]{ rflx+ Pp6f eftsf] a6'sf], Pp6f ;"ksf] a6'sf],

rkl:6s / Ps sk rfdn . clg km]l/ ;D‰]/ p;n] egL—

x]8df:6/n] eg]sf] Ps sk rfdn ksfP kl5 b'O{ a6'sf] e/L

eft x'G5 /] Û clg df;'sf] ;"k klg agfpg] ePsf]n] clnslt

df;' / t/sf/L klg rflxg] eof] . clg dg nfU5 eg] lbpF;f]sf]

vfhfsf] nflu c¿ vfhf nu] klg x'G5 /] Û

To;kl5 s]xL lbg;Dd tf]Qf]–rfg efG;fdf cfdf;Fu} 6fFl:;P/

cfdfn] :of+uL rnfPsf], efF8f ;dft]sf] / eft k:s]sf] x]g{ yfnL .

p;nfO{ ;aeGbf dg k/]sf] rflx+ cfdfn] efF8fsf] lasf]{ jf To:t}

s]xL tftf] rLh ;dft]kl5 …cf]xf], s:tf] tftf]Ú eGb} a"9Lcf}+nf /

rf]/cf}+nfn] sfgsf] nf]tL ;dft]sf] kf/f Û

cfdfn] s'/f] a'‰fOg\— æsfgsf] nf]tL lr;f] x'G5 Sof ÛÆ

pgsf] Tof] s'/faf6 tf]Qf]–rfg v"a k|efljt eO{ . p;sf

lglDt Tof] Psbd 7"nf] dfG5] ePsf] / efG;fsf] sfd ug{ vlKk;

ePsf] k|df0f lyof] . p;n] dgdg} egL ær6\ofª]–uN5L–v'nf–

efG;fdf d klg To;} u5'{ .Æ

cflv/ z'qmaf/sf] lbg cfOk'Uof] . uf8Laf6 cf]n]{/ pgLx¿

r6\ofª] uN5Ldf k'u]kl5 jgdf hDdf ePsf ;a} s]6fs]6LnfO{

x]8df:6/n] lgofn]/ x]/] . ¿vx¿af6 l5/]/ cfPsf] 3fdsf] ls/0f

pgLx¿sf] dfofnfUbf] cg'xf/df k/]sf] lyof] . 6Ì el/Psf] Aofu

lk7\o"Fdf af]s]/ pgLx¿ x]8df:6/n] s] eG5g\ ca eg]/ klv{O/x]sf

lyP . clg k/lt/sf] gfdL ‰gf{ eg] ;'Gb/ cfjfh / 5fn lgsfn]/

alu/x]sf] lyof] .

x]8df:6/n] eg]— æn t, ;aeGbf klxn] ;d"x 5'6\ofpF, clg

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 131 –

u'?x¿n] Nofpg'ePsf] O{§fsf] r'nf] agfpF . To;kl5 ltdLx¿dWo]

sf]xL uP/ vf]nfdf rfdn kvfn / eft ksfpg yfn . clg

To;kl5 df;'sf] ;"k agfpFnf . n, yfnf}+ x} t <Æ

…:6f]g, k]k/, l;h;{Ú v]n]/ aRrfx¿n] u|'k 5'6\ofP . krf;

hgf dfq ePsfn] ^ j6f u|'k aÌ w]/} ;do nfu]g . vfN8f]

vg]/ jl/kl/ O{+§fn] 3]/]/ r'nf] aGof] . clg dl;gf kmnfd] 8G8L

cf]5\ofP/ ksfpg] efF8f /fVg] 7fpF agfP . Ps y/Ln] Tof]

ul//xFbf c¿x¿ rflx+ sf]xL bfp/f vf]Hg jg k;], sf]xL rflx+

rfdn kvfNg uP . aRrfx¿n] cfkm}+ sfdsf] afF8kmfF8 u/] .

tf]Qf]–rfgn] t/sf/L sf6\g] / df;'sf] ;"k agfpg] lhDdf lnO{ .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 132 –

tf]Qf]–rfgeGbf b'O jif{ 7"nf] Pp6f s]6f]n] klg t/sf/L sf6\g]

lhDdf kfof] . t/ p;n] ls t ;fgf] kf/]/ sf6\Yof], ls 7"nf] . ;a

uf]ndfn kf¥of] p;n] . t/ klg lgs} ldlxg]t u/]/ kl;gfn] gfs

lgy|'Ss x'Gh]n p;n] cfˆgf] sfd rflx+ ul//Xof] . tf]Qf]–rfgn]

eg] cfdfsf] l;sf] u/]/ /fd|f] ;Lksf ;fy eG6f, cfn', Kofh,

a8{s -t?n_ sf] h/f clg c¿ aRrfx¿n] h] h] NofPsf lyP, tL

;anfO{ lrl6Ss kf/]/ l7Sssf] cfsf/ / ;fOhdf sf6L . p;n]

t cfkm}+ cl3 ;/]/ crf/ klg agfO{– eG6f / sfFqmf]sf] Psbd

kftnf] rfgf sf6]/ g"g bn]kl5 crf/ eOxfNof] . cfkm"eGbf 7"nf

s]6fs]6LnfO{ klg cK7]/f] k/]sf] j]nf p;n] ;Nnfx lbO{ . xf] g xf]

cfkm" cfdf h:t} ePsf] h:tf] cg'ej u/L p;n] . p;n] agfPsf]

crf/n] klg ;a}nfO{ lgs} k|efljt kf¥of] .

æd klg ;S5' ls t eg]/ clnslt agfO{ x]/]sf] dfq xf]Æ

eg]/ lgs} ljgd|tfk"j{s p;n] egL .

df;'sf] ‰f]ndf d;nf xfNg] j]nfdf ;a}sf] ljrf/ lnOof] .

ljleÌ ;d"xaf6 …cf]xf] ÛÚ, …afkm /] ÛÚ h:tf cg]s cfjfh / xfF;f]sf

kmf]xf]/f 5'6] . jgsf r/fx¿ klg Tof] xNnfdf ;fd]n eP . lj:tf/}

x/]s efF8faf6 d'v /;fpg] af:gf cfpg yfNof] . To;j]nf;Dd

s'g} aRrfn] klg vfgf ksfPsf] /fd|/L x]/]sf lyPgg\ . cfuf] tx

nufpg] sfd klg s;}n] ug'{ k/]sf] lyPg . pgLx¿n] t s;}n]

6]a'ndf NofP/ h] lbof], ToxL vfg dfq hfg]sf lyP . cfkm}+n] s]xL

ksfpg'sf] dhf / Tof];Fu} cfpg] ufx|f] ;fF3'/f]sf] cg'ej ug'{, clg

vfgf agfpFbf x]bf{ x]b}{ s;/L sfFrf] s'/f kfs]/ leGb} x'G5 Tof]

cfˆg} cfFvfn] x]g'{— ;a} s'/f pgLx¿sf nflu gf}nf] cg'ej lyof] .

cflv/df ;a} ;d"xsf] r'nf]sf] sfd ;lsof] . x]8df:6/n]

rf}/df ;a} hgf 3]/f xfn]/ a:g ldNg] 7fpF agfpg nufP .

;a}sf] cufl8 Pp6f eftsf] a6'sf] / Pp6f ;"ksf] a6'sf]

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 133 –

/flvPsf] lyof] . t/ tf]Qf]–rfgn] eg] p;n] u5'{ eg]sf] sfd

g;sL cfˆgf] ;d"xsf] vfgfsf] efF8f] n}hfg lbOg . p;n] 8]SrLsf]

lasf]{ p7fP/ ;ts{tfsf ;fy æcf]xf], s:tf] tftf] ÛÆ eg]/ b'j}

xftsf cf}+nf sfgdf nuL . clg aNn, æca nu] x'G5Æ egL .

clg Tof] efF8f]nfO{ cwL/ / pT;'stfk"j{s klv{/x]sf s]6fs]6Lx¿

al;/x]sf] 7fpF;Dd k'¥ofOof] . tf]Qf]–rfgn] sfg ;dft]sf] b[Zon]

sf]xL klg k|efljt ePg . t/ pm cfkm}+ eg] ;Gt'i6 eO{ .

;a}sf] cfFvf cfˆgf] cufl8sf] eftsf] a6'sfdf / afkm

cfO/x]sf] ;"ksf] 8]SrLleqsf] rLhdf c8]sf] lyof] . aRrfx¿ ;a}

ef]sfPsf lyP . t/ ;aeGbf dxŒjk"0f{ s'/f t s] eg] ;a} vfgf

pgLx¿ cfkm}+n] agfPsf lyP .

…vfp vfp ;fyL xf] rkfP/ vfpÚ eGb} uLt ufP/ …d s[t1

eP/ u|x0f u5'{Ú elg;s]kl5 Tof] jgdf df}gtf 5fof] .

5fFuf]sf] cfjfh afx]s c¿ s'g} cfjfh ;'lgPg .

ltdL ;fFRr}sL c;n s]6L xf}

æyfxf 5 ltdLnfO{, ltdL ;fFRr} c;n s]6L xf} ÛÆ

x/]s rf]l6 tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ e]6\bf x]8df:6/n] o;f] eGy] . clg

tf]Qf]–rfg rflx+ d';'Ss xfF:b} plk|mGyL / eGyL— æxf], d c;n

s]6L xf] .Æ of] s'/fdf p;nfO{ s'g} z+sf lyPg .

x'g klg tf]Qf]–rfg w]/} lx;fan] c;n s]6L lyO{ . pm

;a} k|lt bofn' lyO{— vf;u/L p;sf ckfË ;fyLx¿k|lt . pm

pgLx¿sf] k|lt/Iff uyL{ . c¿ :s"nsf s]6fs]6Ln] lrQ b'vfpg]

s'/f u/] eg] pm pgLx¿;Fu le8\yL— a? cflv/df cfkm}+ ?g' k/]

klg s]xL lyPg . p;n] e]6]sf s'g} klg 3fOt] hgfj/sf nflu

cfkm"n] ;s] hlt ;xof]u k'¥ofpFyL . t/ s'g} c;fdfGo rLh b]Vg]

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 134 –

lalQs} p;sf] sf}t'xnsf sf/0f p;nfO{ hlxn] klg s]xL g s]xL

cfkt cfOnfUYof] . clg af/Daf/ o:tf] eO/x]sf] b]v]/ p;sf

lzIfsx¿ 5Ss ky]{ .

laxfg P;]DAnLsf] j]nfdf dfr{ ubf{ cfˆgf] r'N7f] sfvLd'lg

RofKyL . Psrf]l6 sIffsf]7f a9fg]{ p;sf] kfnf] k/]sf] lyof] .

;fFRr}sf] 6«]g ePsf] j]nfdf dzLg lg/LIf0f ug{ egL agfPsf]

Pp6f 9sgL ePsf] Kjfn lyof] Tof] l8Aafsf] e'O{+df . p;sf

tLvf cfFvfn] Tof] b]v] . To;sf] 9sgL vf]n]/ a9f/]sf] sl;+u/

hlt hDd} To;}df x'lnlbO{ p;n] . clg Psrf]l6 s;}n] p;nfO{

;'s'6L agfpg s;/L df;'nfO{ c+s';]df ‰'G8\ofpF5g\ eg]/ atfof] .

p;sf] kfnf] Jofofd ug]{ ;aeGbf dflyNnf] 8G8Ldf Pp6f xftsf]

e/df pm 3G6f}+ ‰'lG8O{/xL . Pshgf lzIfsn] b]v]/ s] u/]sf]

egL ;f]Wbf …cfh d df;'sf] ;'s'6L ePsf]Ú egL . p;sf] xft

km':Sof] / a];/L e'O{+df ahfl/O{ . lbge/L pm af]Ng} ;lsg . clg

pm rkL{sf] gfnLdf v;]sf] syf t 5Fb}5 .

hlxn] klg pm o:t} p6\k6\ofª ul//x]sL / b'Mv kfO/x]sL

x'GyL . t/ x]8df:6/n] slxNo} cfdf–a'afnfO{ af]nfPgg\ . c¿

aRrfx¿sf] s'/f klg To:t} To:t} xf] . hlxn] klg x]8df:6/ /

;DalGwt aRrfx¿s} aLrdf s'/f ;N6fOGYof] . tf]Qf]–rfg :s"ndf

k|j]z u/]sf] lbg h;/L rf/ rf/ 3G6f pgn] s'/f ;'g]sf lyP,

To;} u/L s'g} klg 36gfsf af/]df pgL ;a} s]6fs]6Lsf s'/f

;'Gy] . pgLx¿n] agfPsf cg]s lgx'F / axfgf klg TolQs} Wofg

lbP/ ;'Gy] . clg s'g} aRrfn] ;fFRr} g} v/fa sfd u/]sf] /x]5

eg] / p;n] cfˆgf] uNtL :jLsf/ u¥of] eg] …n, ca dfkmL

dfuÚ eGy] .

tf]Qf]–rfgsf] af/]df c¿ s]6fs]6Lsf cleefjs / lzIfsx¿n]

JoQm ug]{ 8/ / u'gf;f] kSs} klg x]8df:6/sf] sfg;Dd k'u]sf]

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 135 –

x'g'k5{ . To;}n] df}sf ldNg] lalQs} pgL tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ eGy]

æltdL ;fFRr}sL c;n s]6L xf}, yfxf 5 <Æ pgn] To;f] eGbf

…;fFRr}Ú eÌ] zAbdf h;/L hf]8 lbGy], 7"nf dflg;n] eP To;sf]

jf:tljs dxŒj a'´bf x'g\ Û

tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ x]8df:6/n] a'‰fpg vf]h]sf] s'/f o:tf] x'g'k5{—

æslt dflg;n] ltdLnfO{ sltko s'/fdf c;n s]6L xf]Ogf} eÌ]

;f]r]sf x'g ;S5g\ . t/ ltd|f] ;fFRr}sf] :jefj g/fd|f] 5}g . w]/}

/fd|f s'/f 5g\ ltd|f] :jefjdf / dnfO{ Tof] yfxf 5 .Æ t/ s]

ug'{ w]/} jif{ lat]kl5 dfq} tf]Qf]–rfgn] pgsf] cfzo a'‰L . Tolt

g} v]/ pgsf] egfOsf] jf:tljs cy{ ga'‰] klg, x]8df:6/n] pm

leq ulx/f];Fu Pp6L …c;n s]6LÚ sf] cfTdljZjf; eg] el/lbPsf

lyP . p;sf sltko b':;fx;sf j]nf klg pgsf zAbx¿ p;sf]

sfgdf u'lGhGy] . cfkm"n] u/]sf cg]s p6\k6\ofª s'/f ;lD‰+bf

…afkm /] afkmÚ eÌ k'UyL pm .

sf]afofzL ;/n] pm tf]df]Pdf x'Gh]n tL zAbx¿ bf]xf]¥ofO/x]

h;n] ;DejtM p;sf] l;Ëf] hLjgsf] lbzf lgwf{/0f ul/lbPsf

lyP— ætf]Qf]–rfg, ltdLnfO{ yfxf 5 xlu, ltdL ;fFRr} c;n

s]6L xf} ÛÆ

p;sL b'nxL

tf]Qf]–rfg Psbd b'vL eO{ .

pm t];|f] sIffdf k'lu;s]sL lyO{ / p;nfO{ tfO{–rfg v"a

dg kYof]{ . pm af7f] lyof] / lkmlhS;df /fd|f] lyof] . pm c+u|]hL

k9\Yof] / p;}n] p;nfO{ ˆofp/f]sf] c+u|]hL zAb l;sfPsf] lyof] .

ætf]Qf]–rfg, lsr'g]nfO{ c+u|]hLdf s] eG5g\, yfxf 5 < kmS; .Æ

ækmS; .Æ

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 136 –

Tof] zAbsf] Wjlg;Fu tf]Qf]–rfg lbge/L v]n]sL lyO{ .

To;kl5 x/]s lbg Tof] /]nsf] l8Aafdf ePsf] sIffsf]7fdf k'Ug]

lalQs} p;n] ug]{ klxnf] sfd x'GYof] tfO{–rfgsf] k]lG;naS;

e/Lsf l;;fsnd Ps–Ps u/]/ cfkm"n] hfg];Dd /fd|f] u/]/

tfl5lbg' . cfˆg} l;;fsndsf] eg] p;nfO{ Tolt dtna lyPg—

bfFt}n] tfl5lbGyL .

Tolt x'Fbf x'Fb} klg tfO{–rfg pm;Fu ?vf] eP/ af]n]sf] lyof] .

nGr–a|]ssf] j]nfsf] s'/f xf] . tf]Qf]–rfg P;]DAnL xn k5fl8sf]

ToxL cnlR5gf rkL{sf] 6\ofÍLlt/ 6xNb} lyO{ .

ætf]Qf]–rfg ÛÆ ?vf] :j/ ;'g]/ pm 5Ss kb}{ 6Ss pleO{ .

;f; km]g{ /f]ls+b} tfO{–rfgn] eGof]— æd 7"nf] eP kl5, ltdLn]

hlt eg] klg ltdL;Fu lax] ulb{gF .Æ olt eg]/ e'O{+df x]b}{ pm

lx+8\of] .

tf]Qf]–rfg lhNn k/]/ pm 5]lnpGh]n x]/L /xL . Tolt w]/}

a'l4 ePsf] p;sf] 6fpsf]nfO{ x]/L /xL . p;sf] 6fpsf] p;sf]

hLpsf] t'ngfdf 7"nf] lyof] / s]6fs]6Lx¿ p;nfO{ lh:SofP/

…ODk|f]k/ ˆo|fSzgÚ eGy] .

vNtLdf xft /fv]/ tf]Qf]–rfg ;f]Rg yfnL . p;nfO{ /L;

p7fpg] sfd t s]xL u/]sL lyOg t p;n] . s] ug]{ s] ug]{

eP/ p;n] cfˆg} Snf;sL ldof]–rfg;Fu s'/f u/L . tf]Qf]–rfgsf]

s'/f /fd|/L ;'lg;s]kl5 ldof]–rfgn] kl/kSjtfsf ;fy egL ælsg

yfxf 5 < cfh ;'df] s'ZtLsf] j]nf ltdLn] p;nfO{ l/ªaf6 aflx/

x'TofOlbof} lg t Û p;sf] 6fpsf] Tolt 7"nf] 5 lg t, clg pm

To;/L x'lQg' s] crDd ef] / Û t/ klg ltdL;Fu pm l/;fpg]

g} eof] lg ÛÆ

tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ dg}b]lv b'Mv nfUof] . xf] lg t . cfkm"nfO{

To:tf] dg kg]{ s]6f– lbglbg} p;sf] k]lG;n tfl5lbg] u/]sL lyO{

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 137 –

p;n] . lsg p;nfO{ x/fpg' k/]sf] xf]nf Û t/ ca t lalt;Sof] .

ca pm slxNo} p;sL b'nxL gx'g] eO{ .

æt} klg p;sf] k]lG;n rflx+ d tfl5lbO/xG5'Æ tf]Qf]–rfgn]

dgdg} lg0f{o u/L— æh] ePÚlg p;nfO{ d dfof u5'{ Sof/] ÛÆ

…yf]qf] k'/fgf] :s"nÚ

k|fylds :s"nsf s]6fs]6Lsf] aLrdf Pp6f pvfg v"a rn]sf]

lyof]— uLt ufP ‰}+ s/fpFy] tL . tf]Qf]–rfgsf] klxn]sf] :s"ndf

v"a rNtL lyof] To;sf] . :s"n 5'§L ePkl5 3/ kms{g] j]nfdf

s]6fs]6L u]6af6 aflx/ lg:s]kl5 km/Ss :s"nlt/ kms{Gy] /

s/fpg yfNy]—

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 138 –

æcfsfdfr' :s"n k'/fgf] 5,

t/ leq eg] slt /fd|f] 5Æ

c¿ :s"nsf s]6fs]6L ToxL af6f] eP/ lx+8\bf eg] cfsfdfr'

:s"nlt/ cf}+NofP/ eGy] —

æcfsfdfr' :s"n slt /fd|f] 5,

t/ leq eg] clt yf]qf] 5Æ

clg /L;p7\bf] cfjfh lgsfn]/ xNnf uy]{ .

s'g} :s"n yf]qf] 5 ls /fd|f] 5 eÌ] s'/f :s"n ejg gofF 5

ls k'/fgf] 5 eÌ] s'/f eof] . d'Vo cfzo bf];|f] x/kmdf x'GYof]–

leq rflx+ s:tf] 5 eÌ] . To;}n] klxnf] nfOgdf aflx/af6 x]bf{

:s"n hlt;'s} yf]qf] 5 eg] klg s]xL km/s kb}{gYof] . leq s:tf]

5 eÌ] s'/fsf] dfq dxŒj x'GYof] . clg o:tf] pvfg sDtLdf

%–^ hgfn] ;Fu} ufpFy] .

Ps lbg lbpF;f] tf]df]Psf ljBfyL{ c¿ lbg h:t} v]ln/x]sf

lyP . clGtd 3G6L gah'Gh]n pgLx¿ cfkm"n] rfx]sf] s'/f ug{

kfpFy]— clGtd 3G6L ah]kl5 eg] 3/ kms{g'kYof]{ . x]8df:6/nfO{

s] nfUYof] eg] s]6fs]6Lsf nflu cfkm"nfO{ dgk/]sf] s'/f ug{

;do rlxG5, To;}n] oxfF clGtd lkl/o8 c¿ k|fylds :s"nx¿df

eGbf nfdf] x'GYof] . Tof] lbg sf]xL an v]ln/x]sf] lyof], sf]xL

eg] kmnfd] 8G8L jf afn'jfdf v]n]/ d}nf w}nf ePsf lyP,

sf]xL km"nsf] Aof8 ;DxfNb} lyP, 7"nf] Snf;sf s]xL s]6Lx¿

v'8\lsnfdf a;]/ ukm ul//x]sf lyP, clg sf]xL eg] ¿v

rl9/x]sf lyP . tfO{–rfg h:tf] sf]xLsf]xL rflx+ Snf;d} a;]/

lkmlhS;sf] k|flS6sn ul//x]sf lyP / ˆnf:sdf s]xL pdfNb}

6]:6 6\o"adf s]xL k|of]u ub}{ lyP . k':tsfnod} a;]/ lstfa

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 139 –

kl9/xg] klg lyP . clg hgfj/x¿nfO{ cf}wL dfof ug]{ cfdfb]/f

rflx+ p;n] e]6]sf] Pp6f la/fnf]sf] sfg hfFRb} lyof] . cf–cfˆgf]

kf/fdf ;a} /dfO/x]sf lyP .

ToxL j]nf crfgs :s"n aflx/af6 s/fPsf] 7"nf] cfjfh

cfof]—

ætf]df]P :s"n k'/fgf] 5,

leq t ‰g\ slt yf]qf] 5Æ

æof] t clt ef]Æ tf]Qf]–rfgn] ;f]rL . pm u]6s} 5]pdf lyO{ .

;fFRr}sf] u]6 t lyPg Tof], To;sf vDafx¿af6 kft knfO/x]sf

lyP . h] xf];\, tf]Qf]n] :ki6 ;'gL . clt g} ef] lg of] t— cfˆgf]

:s"nnfO{ leqaf6 klg aflx/af6 klg yf]qf] elglbg] Û pm ;fx|}

l/;fO{ . c¿ klg TolQs} l/;fP / bu'b}{ 9f]sflt/ cfP .

c¿ :s"nsf s]6fs]6LdWo]sf] Pp6f s]6fn] bf]xf]¥ofP/ eGof]—

æyf]qf] :s"n ÛÆ clg /L;p7\bf] cfjfh lgsfn]/ xNnf ub}{ tL efu] .

tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ slt /L; p7\of] eg] pm ltgLx¿nfO{ nv]6\b}

bu'/L— pm dfq PSn} . t/ ltgLx¿ a]tf]8n] bu'l//x]sf lyP,

Pp6f uNnLlt/ k;]/ Ps} l5gdf ljnfP . tf]Qf]–rfg lbSs dfGb}

kmsL{ . lx+8\b} ubf{ pm ufpg yfnL —

ætf]df]P :s"n slt /fd|f] 5Æ

clg Ps–b'O{ kfOnf lx+8]kl5 ykL

æleqÚlg aflx/Úlg /fd|f] 5Æ

pm cfkm}+nfO{ v"a dg k¥of] . / o;/L ufpFbf p;sf] dgdf

‰g\ cfgGb eof] . kmls{;s]kl5 csf]{ :s"nsf] ljBfyL{ h:tf] eP/

;a}n] ;'Ì] u/L 7"nf] 7"nf] :j/df ufpg yfnL —

ætf]df]P :s"n slt /fd|f] 5

leqÚlg, aflx/Úlg /fd|f] 5Æ

v]ln/x]sf aRrfx¿n] z'¿df t sf] xf] egL 7Dofpg}

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 140 –

;s]gg\ . tf]Qf]–rfg xf] eÌ] yfxf kfPkl5 eg] pgLx¿ klg

;8sdf uP/ ;Fu} ufpg yfn] . cGTodf pgLx¿ xft ;dft]/

ufpFb} :s"n jl/kl/ dfr{ ug{ yfn] . :j/eGbf klg pgLx¿sf

x[bo Psfsf/ ePsf lyP— oBlk Tolt g} v]/ of] s'/f pgLx¿n]

a'‰]sf lyPgg\ . :s"n jl/kl/ hlt 3'Dof], pgLx¿df Tof] efj

‰g\ ‰g\ ulx/f] eof] .

ætf]df]P :s"n slt /fd|f] 5,

leqÚlg aflx/Úlg /fd|f] 5Æ

clkm;df a;]/ of] ;'lg/x]sf x]8df:6/nfO{ slt v'zL nfu]sf]

xf]nf eÌ] s'/f rflx+ s]6fs]6LnfO{ yfxf x'g] s'/f ePg .

x'g t s'g} klg lzIffljb\sf lglDt p:t} g} xf]nf— t/

s]6fs]6Lsf af/]df ;fFRr} g} ;f]Rg]x¿sf lglDt t :s"n rnfpg'

eg]sf] kL8fsf] b}lgs l;nl;nf g} x'g'k5{ . ;a} s'/f gf}nf] ePsf]

tf]df]P h:tf] :s"ndf t c¿ a9L xf]nf . k/Dk/fut lzIf0f–

k|0ffnLdf cEo:tx¿af6 Tof] :s"nn] cfnf]rgf vlk/x]s} lyof] .

l/ag

Ps lbg nGr–a|]ssf] j]nf, vfgf vfO;s]kl5, pm P;]DAnL–

xn kf/L 8f]/L v]Nb}lyO{, x]8df:6/;Fu e]6 eof] . vfgf vfpGh]n

;Fu;Fu} ePsf x]8df:6/nfO{ …e]6LÚ eÌ t ldNb}g xf]nf, t/ csf]{

lbzfaf6 pgL cfO/x]sf x'gfn], p;n] …e]6LÚg} eÌ' knf{ .

æP, ltdL oxL+ 5\of} < ltdLnfO{ Pp6f s'/f ;f]Wg' k¥of lyof] .Æ

æs] s'/f <Æ tf]Qf]–rfgn] ;f]wL . x]8df:6/nfO{ g} s]xL s'/f

atfpg kfOg] ef] eg]/ pm dSv k/L .

æltdLn] Tof] l/ag sxfF kfof} <Æ p;sf] lz/df l/agsf] km"n

x]b}{ pgn] ;f]w] .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 141 –

Tof] s'/f ;'Gbf tf]Qf]–rfgsf] cg'xf/df b]lvPsf] v'zLsf] efj

Tof]eGbf a9L x'g ;Dej lyPg . cl:tsf] lbgb]lv p;n] Tof]

l/ag afFw]sL lyO{ . pm cfkm}+n] kQf nufPsf] s'/f lyof] Tof] .

c‰ /fd|/L b]v'g\ eg]/ pm x]8df:6/sf] glhs} uO{ .

æd]/f] cG6Lsf] k'/fgf] :s"n o'lgkmd{df lyof] of]Æ p;n] ;uj{

;'gfO{— æpxfFn] 3/f{df /fVb} ubf{ d}n] b]v]+, clg pxfFn] dnfO{

lbg'eof] . d Wofg lbP/ x]bL{ /lx5' /]– pxfFn] eGof ÛÆ

lgs} ljrf/ dUg eP/ x]8df:6/n] æP, To;f] xf] <Æ dfq

eg] .

tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ Tof] l/agk|lt lgs} uj{ nfUof] . cG6L n'uf

;'sfO/x]sL j]nfdf e]6\g k'Ug' s:tf] efUosf] s'/f eg]/ p;n]

x]8df:6/nfO{ ;'gfO{ . tL n'ufx¿dWo] Pp6f rflx+ pgL :s"n

k9\bfv]/Lsf] o'lgkmd{ /x]5— nfdf], KofhL /Ësf], d'hf k/]sf]

:s6{ . To;nfO{ leq /fVb} ubf{ Pp6f Psbd ;'Gb/ s'/fdf tf]Qf]–

rfgsf] cfFvf k/]5 .

æTof] s] xf] <Æ

tf]Qf]–rfgn] ;f]w]kl5 cG6Ln] /fVg 5f]l8g\ . Tof] …Psbd

;'Gb/Ú eg]sf] s'/f oxL l/ag /x]5 hf] :s6{sf] k]6Lsf] kl5lNt/

hf]l8Psf] lyof] .

cG6Ln] atfOg\– æk5fl8af6 x]bf{ klg /fd|f] b]lvof];\ eg]/

hf]8]sf] xf] of] . Tof] j]nfdf ;a}n] ls t xftn] a'g]sf] t'gf, Tof]

geP km/flsnf] l/agsf] km"n agfP/ /fVg] rng lyof] .Æ

tf]Qf]–rfgn] nf]enfUbf] u/L To;nfO{ x]/]sf] clg xftn]

d';f/]sf] b]v]/ cG6Ln] elgg\— æn, of] ltdLnfO{ g} eof] . d km]l/

of] n'uf nufpg] xf]Og ÛÆ

s}+rL lnP/ pgn] :s6{df To;nfO{ l;Psf] wfuf] sfl6g\,

/ Tof] l/ag 5'6\ofP/ tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ lbOg\ . o;/L kfPsL lyO{

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 142 –

Tof] l/ag p;n] . ;fFRr}sf] ;'Gb/ l/ag lyof] Tof] . km/flsnf]

/ c;fWo} /fd|f] /]zdn] ag]sf] lyof] . clg u'nfa / c¿ klg

cg]s a'§f el/Psf] lyof] To;df . afFw]kl5 km/flsnf] / s8f x'g]

Tof] l/agsf] km"n afFWbf tf]Qf]–rfgsf] 6fpsf] 7"nf] x'GYof] . Tof]

/]zdsf] sk8f c¿ b]zaf6 cfPsf] eg]/ cG6Ln] eg]sL lyOg\ .

x]8df:6/n] /]zdsf] ;/;/ cfjfh ;'g'g\ eg]/ tf]Qf]–rfg

s'/f ul//x]s} j]nf klg 6fpsf] rnfO/x]sL lyO{ . p;sf] syf

;'lg;s]kl5 x]8df:6/ clnslt tgfjdf eP h:tf] b]lvP .

æP, To;f] xf] ÛÆ pgn] eg]— ælxhf] ldof]–rfgn] ltd|f] h:t}

l/ag rflxof] egL . clg d lho'ufcf]sfdf eP hlt l/ag

k;nx¿df uPF . t/ sxL+ klg o:tf] /x]g5 . p;f] eP of]

aflx/af6 cfPsf] /x]5, xlu <Æ

oltv]/ pgsf] cg'xf/ x]8df:6/sf] h:tf] eGbf klg 5f]/Lsf

sf/0f cK7\of/f]df k/]sf] afa'sf] h:tf] lyof] .

ætf]Qf]–rfg, ltdLn] :s"n cfPsf] j]nfdf Tof] l/ag nfpg

5f]8\of} eg] d ltdLk|lt cfef/L x'g] lyPF . x]/ g ldof]–rfgn]

dnfO{ x}/fg kfl/;sL . eg t, ltdLnfO{ w]/} b'Mv t nfUb}g xlu <Æ

xft afFw]/ tf]Qf]–rfgn] Ps l5g ljrf/ u/L . clg ‰§

hjfkm lbO{— æx'G5, cab]lv d nfpFlbg .Æ

…:ofaf;Ú eg] x]8df:6/n] .

tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ gdhf nfu]sf] lyof], t/ x]8df:6/ cK7]/f]df

k/]sfn] p;n] dfgL . clg Toqf] 7"nf] dfG5]– p;nfO{ Toltlj£g

dgk/]sf] x]8df:6/n] htftt} Tof] l/ag vf]h]sf] s'/fn] klg

p;nfO{ gdhf nfUof] . To:tf] lyof] tf]df]Pdf . yfx} gkfO{ Ps

csf{sf] ;d:of a'´g] / d2t ug{ k|oTg ug]{ afgL kl/;s]sf]

lyof] ;a}nfO{— pd]/ hlt;'s} xf];\ . :jfefljs ¿kdf ul/g] s'/f

eO;s]sf] lyof] o:tf] .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 143 –

ef]lnkN6 laxfg tf]Qf]–rfgsf] sf]7f ;kmf ug{ hfFbf cfdfn]

b]lvg\– Tof] l/ag tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ dgkg]{ 6]8\8L lao/sf] 3fF6Ldf

afFlwPsf] lyof] . p;nfO{ Tolt dg kg]{ l/ag lsg PsfPs

nfpg 5f]8L eg]/ pgL 5Ss kl/g\ . Tof] v/fgL /Ësf] 6]8\8L

lao/ crfgs o;/L l;+ufl/+bf s]xL nhfPsf] h:tf] nfUof]

cfdfnfO{ .

3fOt]x¿;Fusf] e]63f6

lhGbuLdf klxnf] kN6 tf]Qf]–rfg 3fOt] l;kfxLx¿sf] c:ktfn

x]g{ uO{ . p;n] lrGb} glrg]sf s/La tL; j6f k|fylds :s"nsf

s]6fs]6Lx¿;Fu pm uPsL lyO{ . b]z}e/Lsf k|fylds :s"nsf

s]6fs]6Lsf lglDt cfof]hgf ul/Psf] sfo{qmds} Pp6f c+z lyof]

of] . x/]s :s"nn] Ps jf b'O{ ljBfyL{ k7fPsf] x'GYof], t/ tf]df]P

h:tf] ;fgf] :s"nn] eg] Pshgf dfq} k7fP k'UYof] . clg Pp6f

;d"x s'g} :s"nsf] Pshgf lzIfssf] g]t[Tjdf /xGYof] . tf]Qf]–

rfgn] tf]df]Psf] k|ltlglwTj u/]sL lyO{ .

lhDd]jf/ lzIfs rflx+ Pshgf rZdf nufpg] kftnL lzlIfsf

lyOg\ . pgn] ljBfyL{nfO{ s/La kGw|hgf l;kfxLx¿ ePsf] jf8{df

nlug\ . tL ;a}n] ;]tf] kfOhfdf nufPsf lyP . sf]xL a]8d} lyP,

sf]xL eg] lx+l8/x]sf lyP . 3fOt] la/fdLx¿ s:tf xf]nfg\ eÌ]

lrGtf lyof] tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ . t/ pgLx¿dWo] s;}–s;}sf] 6fpsf]df

AofG8]h eP tfklg ;a}n] xfF;]/} xft xNnfP . of] b]v]/ tf]Qf]–

rfgnfO{ s]xL /fxt eof] .

ljBfyL{nfO{ jf8{sf] aLrdf hDdf u/]/ tL lzlIfsfn]

l;kfxLx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ul/g\ . æxfdL tkfO{+x¿nfO{ e]6\g cfPsf

5f}+ .Æ pgn] o;f]eGbf ;a} ljBfyL{n] ‰'s]/ clejfbg u/] . æcfh

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 144 –

d] kfFr, afn lbj;, To;}n] xfdL …dT:o–hxfhÚ — …sfk{ l:6d;{Ú

eÌ] uLt ufpF5f}+ .Æ

pgn] ;+uLt lgb]{zsn] ‰}+ xft prflng\ / aRrfx¿nfO{

elgg\— æn ca tof/ xf]p Û tLg, rf/Æ clg tfn lbg yflng\ .

aRrfx¿ Ps csf{nfO{ lrGb}gy], t}klg pgLx¿ 8'a]/ ufpg yfn] —

æ5fgfx¿sf ;fu/ dfly,

afbnx¿sf ;fu/ dfly===Æ

tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ Tof] uLt cfpFb}gYof] . tf]df]Pdf To; lsl;dsf

uLt l;sfO{+b}gYof] . pm Pshgf la/fdLsf] vf6sf] 5]pdf a;L /

cK7\of/f] dfGb} uLt ;'Ì yfnL . Tof] uLt ;lsPkl5 lzlIfsfn]

:ki6 :j/df elgg\— æca xfdL …k'tnLsf] rf8Ú ufpg] ÛÆ tf]Qf]–

rfg afx]s c¿ ;a}n] /fd|f];Fu ufP .

æcfp xfdL aQL afnf}+

Ps Ps u/L ;Nsfcf}+===Æ

tf]Qf]–rfg r"krfk a:g' l;jfo s] kf] ug{ ;SyL / Û

pgLx¿n] uLt ufO;s]kl5 3fOt]x¿n] tfnL lk6] . lzlIfsf

d':s'/fOg\ / elgg\— æca …3f]8L / a5]8fÚ ufpg] xf] ls ÛÆ

tf]Qf]–rfg h;sf] vf6df a;]sL lyO{, tL l;kfxLn] p;sf]

6fpsf] ykykfpFb} eg]— æltdLn] t ufOgf} t ÛÆ

tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ Ifdfofrgf ug{ dg nfUof] . pm l;kfxLx¿nfO{

e]6\g cfPsL lyO{ t/ pgLx¿sf nflu Pp6} klg uLt ufpg

;s]sL lyOg . To;}n] pm h'?Ss p7L, clg vf6b]lv clnk/ uP/

;fx;sf ;fy egL æ7Ls 5, ca d d}n] hfg]sf] rflx+ ufpF5'Æ .

of]hgfdf laNs'n} gePsf] s]xL s'/f x'Fb} lyof] ToxfF .

æs] ufpF5\of} ltdL <Æ— lzlIfsfn] ;f]lwg\ . t/ tf]Qf]–rfg

nfdf] ;f; km]/]/ ufpg l7Ss eO;s]sL lyO{ . To;}n] pgn] kv{g]

g} lg0f{o ul/g\ .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 145 –

p;n] tf]df]Psf] k|ltlglwTj ul//x]sf] x'gfn] tf]df]Pdf ;aeGbf

rNtLdf ePsf] uLt g} ufpg] lg0f{o u/L . Psrf]l6 nfdf] ;f;

tfg]/ pm ufpg yfnL—

ævfp vfp ;fyL xf], rkfP/ vfpÆ

s]xL s]6fs]6Lx¿ xfF;] . c¿n] cfˆgf] 5]psfnfO{ ;f]w] æs'g

uLt xf] < s'g xf] xF <Æ lzlIfsfn] tfn lbg z'¿ ul/g\, t/ s]

ug]{ s], cNdlnP/ pgsf] xft xfjfd} c8\lsof] .

æ===df;' eft df5f ;a} rkfP/ vfp ÛÆ

p;sf] uLt ;lsPkl5 tf]Qf]–rfgn] ‰'s]/ clejfbg u/L .

p;n] 6fpsf] p7fpFbf, tL l;kfxLsf cfFvfaf6 aa{tL{ cfF;'

alu/x]sf] b]v]/ pm 5Ss k/L . p;nfO{ cfkm"n] s]xL la/fO5' ls

h:tf] nfUof] . clg p;sf] afaf eGbf clnslt kfsf] b]lvg] tL

l;kfxLn] p;sf] lk7\o'F ykykfpFb} eg]— æwGojfb . wGojfb ÛÆ

pgn] p;sf] kL7 ykykfO/x] . pgsf] ?jfO eg] /f]ls+b}

/f]lsPg .

clg pgnfO{ v'zL kfg{ ‰}+ lzlIfsfn] elgg\— æca xfdL

tkfO{+x¿sf nflu tof/ kf/]sf] Pp6f n]v ;'gfpF5f}+ .Æ

ljBfyL{x¿n] kfn} kfnf] cfkm"n] n]v]sf] n]vx¿ 7"n7"nf] :j/df

;'gfpg yfn] . tf]Qf]–rfgn] …cfˆgf]Ú l;kfxLnfO{ x]/L . pgsf]

cfFvf / gfs /ftf] eP klg pgL xfF;] . tf]Qf]–rfg klg xfF;L .

clg dg dg} p;n] egL æpgL xfF;]/ dnfO{ s:tf] v'zL nfUof] ÛÆ

lsg pgsf] cfFvfdf cfF;' cfof], tL l;kfxLnfO{ dfq} yfxf

xf]nf . pgsf] klg 3/df tf]Qf]–rfg h:t} 5f]/L x'g ;S5] .

cyjf, p;n] hfg] ;Dd dL7f] u/L pgsf] lglDt ufOlbPsf]n] pgL

efj's ePsf] klg x'g;S5 . n8fO{+sf] df]rf{df x'Fbf pgLx¿ ;a}

ef]ssf] lzsf/ ePsf] ;D‰gfn] kf] xf] ls Û ca t'?Gt} …/fd|/L

rkfpgÚ s]xL afFsL g/xg] ;Defjgf ePsf] j]nf …/fd|/L rkfpÚ

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 146 –

eÌ] of] s]6Laf/] ;f]r]/ klg x'g;S5 . lgs6 eljiodf g} oL

s]6fs]6Lx¿nfO{ slt eofjx l:yltn] lgNb}5 eÌ] s'/fsf] x]Ssf

tL l;kfxLnfO{ eO;s]sf]n] klg x'g;S5 .

cf–cfˆgf n]v kl9/x]sf tL s]6fs]6LnfO{ Tof] j]nf yfxf

gx'g ;S5– t/ ToltGh]n k|zfGt dxf;fu/ jl/kl/sf] If]qdf z'?

ePsf] eLif0f n8fO{+ lgs} cl3 al9;s]sf] lyof] .

:jf:Yoj4{s af]qmf

u]6df plePsf] dfG5]nfO{ 3fF6Ldf ‰'G8\ofPsf] kf; b]vfPkl5

lho'ufcf]sf :6]zgaf6 tf]Qf]–rfg aflx/ lgl:sO{ . s] xf] s'lGg

/dfOnf] eO/fv]sf] /x]5 . ¿vsf] af]qmf h:tf] b]lvg] s'lGg–s]sf]

y'k|f]sf] kl5Nt/ u'Gb|Ldf kn]+6L s;]/ Pp6f hjfg dfG5] a;]sf]

lyof] . kfFr–5 hgf dflg;n] p;nfO{ 3]/]sf lyP . Tof] dflg;

æca dnfO{ /fd|/L x]gf]{;\, Wofg lbP/ x]gf]{;\ ÛÆ eg]/ s/fO/x]sf]

lyof] . tf]Qf]–rfg klg ToxL+ ldl:;g uO{ . Tof] dflg; Psf]xf]/f]

kmnfSt} lyof]M ætkfO{+sf] nflu ;aeGbf dxŒjk"0f{ s'/f eg]sf]

:jf:Yo xf] . laxfg p7\g] lalQs} cfkm" :j:y 5 ls 5}g eg]/

hfÌ dg nfUof] eg] of] af]qmfn] tkfO{+nfO{ atfpF5 . x/]s

laxfg tkfO{+n] ug'{kg]{ eg]sf] of] af]qmfsf] clnslt 6'j|mf rkfO{

x]g]{ dfq xf] . tLtf] :jfb cfof] eg] tkfO{+sf] :jf:Yo 7Ls 5}g

eÌ] a'‰fpF5 . tLtf] 5}g eg] :jf:Yo 7Ls 5 . tkfO{+ la/fdL

x'g'x'Ì . tkfO{sf] :jf:Yo 7Ls 5 ls 5}g eg]/ atfpg] o;sf]

bfd hDdf aL; k};f dfq} Û pm ToxfFsf] ;/n] Ps rf]l6 6«fO{

ug]{ ls <Æ

Pshgf cln b'Anf] kftnf] dflg;nfO{ p;n] Tof] af]qmf lbof] .

tL dflg;n] cK7\of/f] dfGb} cufl8sf] bfFtn] To;nfO{ 6f]s] .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 147 –

6fpsf] clnslt Psflt/ 9NsfP/ pgn] o;f] ljrf/ u/] h:tf]

u/] .

æclnslt=== cF Û=== tLtf] tLt} h:tf] 5 .Æ

Tof] hjfg dflg; pk|m\of] / eGof]— æ;/, tkfO{+nfO{ s]xL

/f]u nfu]s} x'g'k5{ . cln xf]z k'¥ofpg' knf{ . t/ w]/} lrGtf

ug'{ kb}{g . Tolt l;l/o; eO;Sof 5}g . clnslt dfq} tLtf]

5 eÌ'eof] lg Û cF ca pm ToxfF k/sL Dof8d\ lg Û ;fgf] 6'qmf

rkfpg'x'G5 ls <Æ lsgd]n ug]{ af:s]6 af]s]sL tL dlxnfn] Pp6f

7"n} 6'qmf af]qmf lnOg\ / a];/L rkfpg yflng\ . clg v'zL eP/

elgg\— æv} t, k6Ss} tLtf] 5}g t ÛÆ

æawfO{ 5 Dof8d\ ÛÆ p;n] eGof]— ætkfO{+ Psbd} :j:y

x'g'k5{ . cfˆgf] :j/nfO{ c¿ 7"nf] kfb}{ p;n] eGof] æaL;

k};f Û hDdf aL; k};f dfq Û cfkm" :j:y 5 ls 5}g eg]/

x/]s laxfg yfxf kfpg nfUg] vr{ hDdf TolQ xf] Û ;fFRr}

;:tf] ÛÆ

tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ klg Tof] v}/f] v}/f] af]qmf rfVg dg nfUof] .

t/ elgxfNg klg p;nfO{ nfh nfUof] . a? p;n] egL— æ:s"n

5'§L x'g] j]nf;Dd klg tkfO{+ oxfF x'g'x'G5 <Æ

Tof] ;fgL :s"n] s]6LnfO{ x]b}{ p;n] eGof] æeOxfN5, lg ÛÆ

AofunfO{ lk7\o"Fdf pkmfb}{ tf]Qf]–rfg s'bL . :s"n z'¿ x'g'cl3

g} p;n] s]xL ug'{kg]{ lyof], To;}n] 9Lnf] x'g' x'Fb}gYof] . sIffsf]7fdf

k'Ug] lalQs} c¿ s]6fs]6LnfO{ p;n] s]xL ;f]Wg' lyof] .

æs;}n] dnfO{ aL; k};f k}+rf] lbg ;S5 <Æ

t/ s;};Fu klg aL; k};f lyPg . k};f w]/} t xf]Og, t/

klg s;};Fu lyPg .

ldof]–rfgn] egL æd d]/f] a'af–cfdf;Fu dfu'F <Æ

o:tf] j]nfdf eg] ldof]–rfg x]8df:6/sL 5f]/L x'g' Psbd

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 148 –

/fd|f] s'/f x'GYof] . ldof]–rfgsf] 3/ P;]DAnL xn;Fu hf]l8Psf]n]

pgsL cfdf :s"nd} eP ;/x lyof] .

æa'afn] eg]sf], ltdLnfO{ k};f lbg'x'G5 /] .Æ nGrsf] j]nfdf

p;n] tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ egL— æt/ s]sf] lglDt xf], yfxf kfpg'

k¥of] /] .Æ

tf]Qf]–rfg clkm;lt/ nfuL .

æp;f] eP ltdLnfO{ aL; k};f rflxof], xf]Og t <Æ rZdf

km'sfNb} pgn] eg] ælsg rflxPsf] <Æ

ædnfO{ ¿vsf] af]qmf lsÌ' 5 . dfG5] la/fdL 5 ls 5}g

elglbG5 To;n]Æ, p;n] xQgkQ egL . x]8df:6/nfO{ sf}t"xn

hfUof] .

æsxfF a]lr/fÚ5g\ t Tof] <Æ

æ:6]zg aflx/Æ xtf/ xtf/ p;n] hjfkm lbO{ .

æ7Ls 5 . lsÌ] eP lsg .Æ x]8df:6/n] eg]— æt/ dnfO{

klg Psrf]l6 6f]Sg b]p x} t <Æ

cfˆgf] Hofs]6sf] vNtLaf6 pgn] Pp6f k;{ lgsfn] / tf]Qf]–

rfgsf] xftdf aL; k};f ydfOlbP .

æYofÍ o", ;/ .Æ tf]Qf]–rfgn] egL— æcfdfl;t lnP/ d

tkfO{+nfO{ lkmtf{ lbG5' . cfdfn] hlxn] dnfO{ lstfa lsÌ k};f

lbg'xG5 . c¿ s]xL lsÌ' kbf{ klxNo} eÌ' k5{ . t/ :jf:Yojw{s

af]qmf t ;a}nfO{ rflxg] s'/f xf] lg t . To;}n] cfdfn] s]xL

eÌ' x'Ì xf]nf .Æ

:s"n 5'§L ePkl5 aL; k};fnfO{ a];/L ;dft]/ :6]zglt/

xflÌO{ . Tof] dfG5] c‰} ToxL+ lyof] / 7"n7"nf] :j/n] cfˆgf]

dfn lasfO/x]sf] lyof] . tf]Qf]–rfgsf] xftdf aL; k};f b]v]/ pm

dHhfn] xfF:of] .

æ1fgL gfgL . ltd|f] a'af cfdf kSs} v'zL x'g'x'G5 .Æ

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 149 –

æ/sL klg v'zL x'G5Æ, tf]Qf]n] egL .

af]qmfsf] Pp6f 6'qmf lgsfNb} ubf{ æ/sL eg]sf] rflx+ sf]

lg <Æ eg]/ Tof] dfG5]n] ;f]Wof] .

æxfd|f] s's'/ . hd{g ;]km8{ xf] Tof] .Æ

Tof] dfG5]n] Ps ldg6 hlt ;f]r]/ eGof]— æP Û s's'/ .

dnfO{ nfU5 s's'/nfO{ klg of] sfd nfU5 xf]nf . h] eP klg

tLt} /x]5 eg] p;n] gvfnf . To;sf] dtna pm la/fdL 5 ÛÆ

Ps OGr hlt rf}8f / 5 OGr hlt nfdf] af]qmfsf] 6'qmf

p;n] lgsfNof] .

æn n]pm . x/]s lbg laxfg clnslt rkfpg' . tLtf] /x]5

eg] la/fdL 5, tLtf] 5}g eg] s]xL klg ePsf] 5}g .Æ

klqsfdf a]l/Psf] Tof] ax'd"No af]qmfnfO{ htgsf ;fy

lnP/ tf]Qf]–rfg 3/ kmsL{ . 3/ k'Ug] lalQs} p;n] c¿ s]xL

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 150 –

gu/L Tof] cb\e't af]qmf clnslt 6f]s]/ x]/L . ;'vf / v;|f] lyof],

t/ tLt} eg] lyPg . ;fFRr} eÌ] xf] eg] s]xL h:tf] klg lyPg

To;sf] :jfb .

æx'/]{ Û d :j:y 5' ÛÆ

cfdfn] xfF:b} elgg\– æ:j:y} t 5];\ lg Û lsg s] ef] / <Æ

tf]Qf]–rfgn] a]nLlj:tf/ nufO{ . cfdfn] klg ;fgf] 6'qmf

6f]sL x]l/g\ .

ætLtf] t 5}g .Æ

æTo;f] eP tkfO{+ klg :j:y x'g'x'G5 lg t ÛÆ

clg tf]Qf]–rfg /sLsf] cufl8 uP/ p;sf] d'v} cufl8 Tof]

af]qmfsf] 6'qmf b]vfO{ . /sLn] klxn] ;'F£of] . clg rf6\g yfNof] .

æ6f]Sg'k5{ .Æ tf]Qf]–rfgn] egL, æclg kf] yfxf x'G5 t,

la/fdL 5 ls 5}g eÌ] s'/f ÛÆ

dg gnfuL gnfuL /sLn] 5]paf6 Pp6f ;fgf] 6'j|mf 6f]Sof] .

clg km]l/ Psrf]l6 ;'F£of], t/ vf;} dg gk/fPsf] h:tf] klg

b]lvPg . clg nfdf] xfO{ sf9\of] .

æx'/]{ Û /sL klg :j:y 5 ÛÆ

ef]lnkN6 laxfg cfdfn] tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ aL; k};f lbOg\ . pm

;Lw} x]8df:6/sxfF uO{ / ¿vsf] af]qmf lbO{ .

Ps l5g;Dd x]8df:6/ æof] s] xf]Æ eÌ vf]h] ‰}+ x]/L a;] .

clg tf]Qf]–rfgn] xftdf htgl;t ;dfO/fv]sf] aL; k};f b]v] /

;a} ;D‰] .

æ6f]Sg';\ g . tLtf] /x]5 eg] tkfO{+ la/fdL x'g'x'G5Æ, tf]Qf]–

rfgn] egL .

x]8df:6/n] clnslt 6f]s] . clg To;nfO{ jN6fO{kN6fO{ u/]/

/fd|f];Fu x]/] .

x]8df:6/sf] cg'xf/ x]b}{ lrlGtt eP/ p;n] ;f]wL— ætLtf] 5 <Æ

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 151 –

æs]xL :jfb 5}g .Æ

tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ Tof] af]qmf kmsf{pFb} pgn] eg]— ædnfO{ 7Ls

5 . wGojfb .Æ

æx'/]{, x]8;/ 7Ls x'g'x'G5 . d v'zL ePF ÛÆ

Tof] lbg :s"nsf x/]s aRrfx¿nfO{ tf]Qf]–rfgn] Tof] 6f]Sg

nufO{ . s;}n] klg tLtf] eg]g . To;sf] dtna tL ;a} :j:y

lyP . tf]Qf]–rfg a];/L v'zL eO{ .

cGtdf ;a} s]6fs]6L x]8df:6/sxfF uP/ cfkm"x¿ :j:y

ePsf] s'/f ;'gfP . ;a}nfO{ x]8df:6/n] æ/fd|f] ÛÆ eg] .

x]8df:6/nfO{ ;a} yfxf lyof] xf]nf . pgL u'Ddf lhNnfsf]

ufpFsf] dWoefudf hlGdPsf / x's]{sf lyP . xf?gf kxf8 b]lvg]

Pp6f vf]nfsf] 5]pdf . hf];'s}n] rkfP klg Tof] af]qmf tLtf] 5}g

eÌ] pgnfO{ kSs} yfxf x'g'k5{ .

t/ ;a}hgf :j:y 5g\ eg]/ tf]Qf]–rfg v'zL x'Fbf /fd|} t

x'G5 lg eÌ] pgnfO{ nfu]sf] x'g'k5{ . Tof] af]qmf tLtf] 5 eg]/

s;}n] eg]5 eg] tf]Qf]–rfg lrlGtt x'GyL / kL/ lnGyL eÌ] pgn]

a'‰]sf lyP . pm o;/L s?0ffsf] efj lnP/ x'ls{Psf]df x]8df:6/

v'zL lyP .

tf]Qf]–rfgn] t :s"n glhs} lx+l8/x]sf] Pp6f e':ofxf s's'/sf]

d'vdf ;d]t Tof] af]qmf sf]Rg] k|oTg u/L . o;f] ubf{ s;f] p;nfO{

6f]s]g . t/ klg p;n] x/]; vfOg .

ætF la/fdL 5;\ ls 5}g;\, yfxf x'G5 Sof ÛÆ p;n] s's'/nfO{

s/fO{— æcfOh, 6f]s Û tF :j:y 5;\ eg] /fd|f] ef] ÛÆ lrGb}

glrg]sf] s's'/nfO{ Ps 6'qmf 6f]Sg nufpg pm ;kmn eO{ . clg

Tof] s's'/sf] jl/kl/ pk|mFb} pm s/fO{ æx'/]{ Û tF klg :j:y /}5;\ ÛÆ

pmk|lt s[t1 eP ‰}+ u/L Tof] s's'/ clnslt ‰'Sof] / 6fk

7f]Sof] .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 152 –

x]8df:6/n] c8\sn sf6] h:t} eof] . af]qmf a]Rg] Tof] dfG5]

lho'ufcf]sf :6]zgdf km]l/ slxNo} b]vf k/]g .

tf]Qf]–rfg eg] x/]s laxfg :s"n hfg'cl3 Tof] ax'd"No

af]qmfsf] ;fgf] 6'qmf rkfpFyL hf] ca p;sf] lglDt s'g} 6lgs

;/x ePsf] lyof] clg æd :j:y 5'Æ eg]/ s/fpFb} 3/af6

lg:sGyL .

/, eujfgsf s[kfn] tf]Qf]–rfg ;fFRr} g} :j:y lyO{ .

c+u|]hL af]Ng] s]6f]

tf]df]Pdf Pp6f gofF ljBfyL{ cfof] . k|fylds :s"nsf lx;fan]

x]bf{ pm cln a9L g} cUnf] / 7"nf] lyof] . tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ pm ;ft

sIffsf] ljBfyL{ h:tf] nfUYof] . p;sf n'uf klg km/s lyP— 7"nf

dfG5]n] nfpg] h:tf .

Tof] laxfg :s"nsf] d}bfgdf x]8df:6/n] Tof] gofF ljBfyL{sf]

kl/ro u/fP .

æpm ldofhfsL xf] . cd]l/sfd} hlGdof], x'ls{of] . p;nfO{ /fd|f]

hfkfgL af]Ng cfpFb}g . To;}n] pm xfd|f] tf]df]Pdf cfPsf] xf] .

oxfF eP p;n] ;lhn} ;fyL agfpg ;S5 / k9fOdf a9L Wofg

lbg ;S5 . ca pm ltdLx¿dWo]s} Ps ePsf] 5 . s'g Snf;df

/fVg] xf]nf p;nfO{ < kfFr sIffdf /fv] s;f] xf]nf— tf–rfg /

c¿x¿ 5g\ ToxfF .Æ

æeOxfN5 lg ÛÆ lrq agfpg l;kfn' tf–rfgn] 7'NbfO h:tf]

eP/ eGof] .

x]8df:6/ xfF;] / eg]– æp;sf] hfkfgL Tolt /fd|f] 5}g

eg]/ d}n] eg]+ . t/ p;sf] c+u|]hL eg] Psbd /fd|f] 5 . pm;Fu

ltdLx¿ c+u|]hL l;s . p;nfO{ hfkfgsf] hLjg z}nLdf afgL

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 153 –

kl/;s]sf] 5}g . ltdLx¿n] p;nfO{ d2t u5f}{ lg, xf]Og Û clg

cd]l/sfsf] hLjgsf af/]df p;nfO{ ;f]Wg' . ltdLx¿nfO{ p;n]

cg]s rfvnfUbf s'/fx¿ ;'gfpg] 5 . n t, ltdLx¿sf] lhDdf

d}n] p;nfO{ 5f]8]+ x} t ca ÛÆ

cfkm"eGbf ;fgf ;xkf7Lx¿nfO{ ‰'s]/ ldofhfsLn] clejfbg

u¥of] . clg tf–rfgsf] Snf;sf] dfq xf]Og, :s"nsf ;a}

s]6fs]6Ln] p;sf] clejfbg ‰'s]/ kmsf{P .

nGrsf] j]nfdf ldofhfsL x]8df:6/sf] 3/df uof] . ;a}

p;sf] kl5 nfu] . pm t h'Qf nufO{ nufO{ kf] 3/ leq k:g

nfUof] . ePe/sf ;a} s]6fs]6Ln] s/fP/ p;nfO{ eg]— æh'Qf

km'sfNg'k5{ ÛÆ

ldofhfsL t;]{ h:tf] eof] . æcf] Û PS;So"h dLÆ eg]/ p;n]

h'Qf vf]Nof] .

s] ug'{k5{ eg]/ s]6fs]6Lx¿ p;nfO{ atfpg yfn] — ;a}

Ps} rf]l6 af]Nb} .

ætftfdL– u'Gb|L cf]5\ofPsf] sf]7fdf / P;]DAnL xndf h'Qf

vf]Ng'k5{ . Snf;df / k':tsfnodf nufP x'G5 .Æ

æs'xf]ga'Rr' dlGb/df uPsf] j]nfdf aflx/ rf]sdf nufP

x'G5 . dlGb/ leq eg] vf]Ng'k5{ .Æ

hfkfgdf a:bf / cGoq a:bfsf] hLjgz}nLsf] leÌtfaf/] yfxf

kfpg' klg /dfOn} lyof] .

csf]{ lbg ldofhfsLn] Pp6f 7"nf] c+u|]hL lkSr/a's lnP/

cfof] . nGr6fOddf Tof] lstfa x]g{ aRrfx¿ ;a} p;sf] jl/kl/

‰'lDdP . pgLx¿ 5Ss k/] . olt /fd|f] lkSr/a's pgLx¿n]

b]v]s} lyPgg\ . pgLx¿n] b]v]sf] lkSr/ a'sdf t vfnL rsf]{

/ftf], xl/of], kx]+nf] dfq x'GYof] . o;df t xNsf df;' /Ë /

u'nfaL /Ë klg lyof] . clg gLnf] klg Sof dhfsf] ;]tf] /

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 154 –

v}/f] ldl:;Psf]— qm]ogx¿df o:tf] /Ë g} x'Fb}gYof] . ;fdfGotof

qm]ogsf] aS;fdf x'g] rf}aL; /Ë eGbf slt xf] slt w]/} /Ë lyP

Tof] lstfadf — tf–rfgsf] c7rfnL; /Ë ePsf] aS;fdf klg

gePsf /Ëx¿ Û ;a} dSv k/] . clg lrqx¿ klg p:t} . klxnf]

lrq Pp6f s's'/sf] lyof]— ;fgf] aRrfnfO{ p;sf] 8fok/df

6f]s]/ tfGb} u/]sf] . Tof] aRrfsf] t:jL/ agfPsf] lrq h:tf]

b]lv+b}gYof] — ;fFRr}sf] aRrfsf] h:tf] df;' /Ë lyof] p;sf] .

o;n] ubf{ s]6fs]6L ‰g\ k|efljt eP . pgLx¿n] olt 7"nf] lstfa

klg slxNo} b]v]sf lyPgg\ — Tof] klg Tolt afSnf] / /fd|f]

l6lnSs 6lNsg] sfuhdf 5fk]sf] Û ldng;f/ afgL ePsL tf]Qf]–

rfg ldofhfsL / lstfasf] ;s];Dd glhs uO{ .

ldofhfsL pgLx¿nfO{ c+u|]hL k9]/ ;'gfpFYof] . p;n] k9]sf]

c+u|]hL slt /fd|f] ;'lgGYof] eg] pgLx¿ dGqd'Uw eP/ Tof] ;'Gy] .

clg kl5 ldofhfsL hfkfgL efiff l;Sg ;+3if{ ug{ yfNYof] .

ldofhfsLn] :s"ndf s]xL gf}nf] / km/s s'/f leœofPsf]

s'/fdf s'g} zÍf lyPg .

æcfsf–rfg Oh a]aLÆ pm eGYof] .

pm;Fu} ;a}n] bf]xf]¥ofpFy]— æcfsf–rfg Oh a]aLÆ

æpRr's'zL Oh Ao'6Lkm'nÆ— …s'Ú df ljz]if hf]8 lbP/ pm

eGYof] .

æpRr's'zL Oh Ao'6Lkm'nÆ — c¿n] eGy] .

ldofhfsL clg cfˆgf] hfkfgL pRrf/0f unt ePsf] yfxf

kfpFYof] / eGYof] …pRr's'zLÚ x'g'kg]{ xf] xlu <Æ

ldofhfsL / c¿ s]6fs]6L l56} c;n ;fyL ag] . x/]s

lbg pm cg]s y/L lstfa NofpFYof] / nGr6fOddf c¿nfO{ k9]/

;'gfpFYof] .

ldofhfsL pgLx¿sf] c+u|]hL u'? h:tf] eof] . Tof] ;Fu;Fu}

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 155 –

ldofhfsLsf] hfkfgL klg l56f]l56f] /fd|f] x'g yfNof] . clg pm

…tf]sf]gf]dfÚdf a:g] h:tf] uNtL klg ug{ 5f]8\of]— …tf]sf]gf]dfÚ

eg]sf] lrq jf c¿ ;hfj6sf ;fdfg /fVg] vf]kf x'GYof] . tf]Qf]–

rfg / p;sf ;fyLx¿n] cd]l/sfsf] af/]df w]/} s'/fx¿ yfxf

kfP . tf]df]P :s"nleq hfkfg / cd]l/sf ldq alg/x]sf lyP . t/

tf]df]P aflx/ eg] cd]l/sf b'Zdg ePsf] lyof], clg c+u|]hL eg]sf]

zq'efiff ePsfn] ;a} :s"nx¿df kf7\oqmdaf6 x6fOPsf] lyof] .

æcd]l/sLx¿ /fIf; x'g\Æ— ;/sf/n] 3f]if0ff u¥of] . t/

tf]df]Pdf aRrfx¿ sf]/;df kl9/x]— æpRr's'zL Oh Ao"6Lkm'n .Æ

tf]df]Pdf aUg] xfjf g/d / Gofgf] lyof] . / aRrfx¿ cfkm}+

;'Gb/ lyP .

Pd]r/ gf6s

æxfdL Pp6f gf6s dGrg ug]{ ÛÆ

tf]df]Psf] Oltxf;df of] klxnf] gf6s lyof] . nGr6fOddf s;}

g s;}n] jQmJo lbg] rng c‰} sfod} lyof] . t/ o'l/lßS;sf]

j]nf x]8df:6/n] ahfpg] lkofgf] ;d]t /fv]sf] Tof] ;fgf] :6]hdf

gf6s v]Ng] s'/f t sNkg} ug{ ufx|f] lyof] Û aRrfx¿dWo] s;}n]

gf6s x]/]sf] ;Dd klg lyPg— tf]Qf]–rfgn] ;d]t . :jfg n]s

x]g'{ afx]s pm lyP6/df uPsL klg lyOg . t/ h] g} eP klg

jif{sf] cGTodf b]vfpgsf lglDt s] sfo{qmd ug]{ eg]/ pgLx¿

;a} ;Nnfx ug{ yfn] .

tf]Qf]–rfgsf] Snf;n] …vflGhGRof]Ú -k};f p7fpg] rf6{/_ v]Ng]

lg0f{o u¥of] . of] k|l;4 / k'/fgf] sfa'sL gf6s tf]df]PnfO{ ;'xfpg]

vfnsf] k6Ss} lyPg . t/ pgLx¿sf] kf7\ok':tsdf lyof] /

df?ofdf ;/n] pgLx¿nfO{ l;sfpg] ePsf lyP . cfOsf] ;fOZof]

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 156 –

cUnL / 7"nf] bf/sL ePsLn] p;nfO{ axfb'/ a]Gs]O{sf] e"ldsf

;'xfpnf eÌ] lg0f{o eof] . 7"nf] :j/ ePsL / s8f ldhf;sf]

b]lvg ;Sg] ePsf]n] cfdfb]/fn] rflx+ sdfG8/ tf]ufzLsf] e"ldsf

lng'kg]{ eof] . /fd|f];Fu ;Nnfx u/]kl5 tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ rflx+

;fdGt of]lzRr'g]sf] e"ldsf ;'xfpF5 eÌ] ;a}sf] /fo eof]— p;n]

gf6sdf el/ofsf] 5ß ¿k lnPsf] lyof] . c¿ afFsL rflx+ lkm/Gt]

leIf' x'g] eP .

l/x;{n z'¿ ug'{cl3 cf–cfˆgf] kf7 s07 kfg'{kg]{ lyof] .

tf]Qf]–rfg / leIf'x¿sf] lglDt eg] cfgGb} lyof]— s]xL af]Ng'

g} gkg]{ ePsfn] . leIf'x¿sf] sfd eg]sf] gf6s gl;l4pGh]n

r"krfk pleP k'UYof] . tf]Qf]–rfgn] rflx+ of]lzRr'g]sf] e"ldsfdf

3'F8f 6]s]/ / 7"nf] k/fn] 6f]kLn] cg'xf/ 5f]k]/ a:g'kYof]{ .

a]Gs]O{ jf:tjdf of]lzRr'g]sf] gf]s/ lyof] . t/ cftfsf

r]sKjfOG6 kf/ ug{ ;lhnf] xf];\ eg]/ cfˆgf] dflnsnfO{ s'6\g]

/ ufnL ug]{ u/]sf] b]vfpFYof] . pgLx¿n] Pp6f dlGb/ k'glg{d{f0f

ug{sf] lglDt k};f p7fpg lx+8]sf leIf'–6f]nLsf] e]if wf/0f u/]sf

lyP . a]Gs]O{ ag]sL cfOsf] ;fOZof]sf] dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf lyof] .

r]sKjfOG6 sdfG8/ tf]ufzL;Fu n'Sg'kg]{ / le8\g'kg]{ ePe/sf]

sfd t 5Fb} lyof], Tof] afx]s Psbd /dfOnf] efu s] lyof]

eg] Tof] sdfG8/n] cfb]z lbPkl5 a]Gs]O{n] b|Jo ;+sng a8fkq

…k9]sf]Ú :jfª kfg'{kg]{ lyof] . tTsfn} ;f]r]/ p;n] Ps cIf/

klg gn]v]sf] vfnL kqaf6 Psbd} ;De|fGt / cf}krfl/s efiffdf

k9\g'kYof]{— æpk|fGt ;j{k|yd tf]bfhL gfdsf] dxfg dlGb/sf]

k'glg{df{0fsf kljq p2]Zo k|flKtsf vflt/===Æ

cfOsf] ;fOZof]n] x/]s lbg p;sf] …pk|fGt ;j{k|yd===Ú

3f]s]sf] 3f]So} u/L .

tf]ufzLsf] e"ldsfdf klg w]/} ;+jfb lyof] . a]Gs]O{sf] ts{sf]

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 157 –

vG8g ug{ w]/} af]Ng'kYof]{ / cfdfb]/f klg Tof] s07:y kfg{ ;+3if{

ul//x]sf] lyof] .

cGTodf l/x;{nsf] ;do cfof] . tf]ufzL / a]Gs]O{ Ps–

csf{sf] cfdg];fdg] eP . leIf'x¿ hlt ;a} a]Gs]O{sf] k5fl8

plePsf lyP / tf]Qf]–rfg rflx+ of]lzRr'g]sf] ¿kdf cl3lNt/

3'F8f 6]s]/ / u'6'd'6' eP/ a;]sL lyO{ . ha a]Gs]O{n] n6\7Ln]

of]lzRr'g]nfO{ xfÌ] / lk6]/ n8fpg' kg]{ efu cfof], tf]Qf]–rfgn]

s8f k|ltsf/ u/L . p;n] cfOsf] rfgsf] v'§fdf nft xfgL /

p;nfO{ sf]k/L . cfOsf] ?g yfNof] / leIf'x¿ xfF:g yfn] .

a]Gs]O{n] hlt;'s} s'6] klg, lxsf{P klg of]z'Rr'g] r"krfk

al;/xg'kYof]{ . s'/f s] lyof] eg] tf]uflzn] ;To s'/fsf] zÍf

ul/;s]kl5, a]Gs]O{sf] rnfvLaf6 pm clt k|efljt eof] / cfˆg}

dflnsnfO{ To:tf] b'Jo{jxf/ ubf{ dgdf slt kL8f ePsf] xf]nf eÌ]

;f]r]/ pgLx¿nfO{ r]sKjfOG6af6 ptf hfg lbof] . of]lzRr'g]n]

k|ltsf/ ul/lb+bf t l;+u} Kn6 aaf{b x'GYof] . df?ofdf ;/n] of]

s'/f tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ a'‰fpg] k|oTg u/] . t/ tf]Qf]–rfgn] dl/uP

;'lgg . cfOsf] ;fOZof]n] p;nfO{ s'6L ls pm klg s'6L xfNyL .

hlt rf]l6 Tof] b[Zo bf]xf]¥ofP klg tf]Qf]–rfg ‰u8fdf

plqxfNyL .

cflv/df xf/ vfP/ df?ofdf ;/n] eg] ædnfO{ Psbd gdhf

nfu]sf] 5, t/ tfO{–rfgnfO{ of]lzRr'g]sf] e"ldsf lbg' knf{ h:tf]

nfUof] dnfO{ .Æ

tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ d'lQm ldn] h:tf] eof] . cfkm}+ dfq s'6fO{

vfg'kg]{ s'/f k6Ss} lrQ a'‰]sf] lyPg .

ætf]Qf]–rfg, ltdL leIf' ag x} t ÛÆ df?ofdf ;/n] eg] .

tf]Qf]–rfg c¿ leIf'x¿;Fu pleO{— t/ ;aeGbf k5fl8 .

df?ofdf ;/ / c¿ s]6fs]6Ln] ca t ;a 7Ls xf]nf eÌ]

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 158 –

7fg]sf lyP . t/ s] x'GYof] Û pgn] tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ leIf'sf] nfdf]

n6\7L lbg} x'Fb}gYof] . ple+bf ple+bf lbSs eP/ p;n] cfkm";Fu}sf]

leIf'sf] k}tfnfdf nf}/f]n] 3f]Rg yfnL clg cfkm"eGbf cufl8sf]

leIf'sf] sfvLdf sfps'tL nufpg yfnL . Tof] nf}/f] xftdf lnP/

p;n] ;+uLt lgb]{zssf] kf/f klg lgsfNg yfnL . c¿sf] nflu

vt/f x'g] dfq xf]Og a]Gs]O{ / tf]ufzL aLrsf] b[ZonfO{ klg

rf}k6 kfg]{ eof] p;sf] s[Ton] .

cGttf]uTjf p;sf] leIf'sf] e"ldsf klg vf]l;of] .

of]lzRr'g]sf] e"ldsfdf tfO{–rfgn] uf]bfO{ vfFbf bfx|f ls6]/

;Xof] . bz{sx¿nfO{ kSs} p;sf] dfof nfUof] xf]nf . tf]Qf]–rfg

gePkl5 l/x;{n eg] /fd|f];Fu cufl8 a9\of] .

PSn} ePkl5 tf]Qf]–rfg lg:s]/ :s"nsf] d}bfgdf uO{, h'Qf

km'sfnL / cfˆg} Aofn] ;[hgf u/]/ gfRg yfnL . p;sf] cfˆg}

ljrf/ cg';f/ eÌ] xf] eg] v"a /fd|f] eof] Tof] gfr . s'g}

j]nf pm /fhxfF; x'GyL, s'g} j]nf xfjf, clg s'g} j]nf 8/nfUbf]

dflg; / s'g} j]nf eg] ¿v . Tof] ;'g;fg d}bfgdf pm gflr/xL,

gflr/xL .

leq st} p;sf] dgdf eg] of]lzRr'g]sf] e"ldsf v]ln/x]sf]

eP x'GYof] ls eÌ] ;fgf] nf]e /lx/Xof] . t/ p;nfO{ lbPsf] eP,

p;n] kSs} cfOsf] ;fOZof]nfO{ s'l6/xGyL, sf]k/L /xGyL .

o;/L tf]Qf]–rfgn] tf]df]Psf] klxnf] / clGtd Pd]r/ gf6s

v]lng .

rs

tf]df]Psf ljBfyL{ slxNo} klg csf{sf] kvf{ndf jf ;8sdf dg

k/L cIf/ sf]b}{gy], lsgls dg nfu'Gh]n :s"nd} sf]g{ kfOGYof] .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 159 –

P;]DAnL xndf ;+uLtsf] Snf; ePsf] j]nfdf, x]8df:6/n]

;a}nfO{ Ps Ps j6f rs lbGy] . pgLx¿ e'O{+df 9lNsP/ jf a;]/

xftdf rs lnP/ cfˆgf] kfnf] klv{Gy] . ;a}hgf tof/ eO;s]kl5

x]8df:6/ lkofgf] ahfpg yfNy] . pgn] h] ahfpFy], s]6fs]6Lx¿

rflx+ e'O{+df To;}sf] gf]6]zg n]Vy] . 6nSs 6Ns]sf] v}/f] sf7df

n]Vg v"a dhf cfpFYof] . tf]Qf]–rfgsf] Snf;df hDdf bz hgf

dfq ljBfyL{ ePsfn], Toqf] 7"nf] P;]DAnL xndf 5l/P/ a:bf e'O{+df

hlt eg] klg 7fpF k'UYof] / csf{sf] 7fpFdf cltqmd0f gul/sg}

dgnfu] hlt 7"nf] kf/]/ gf]6]zg n]Vg kfpFy] . tfn dfq} n]Vg]

ePsfn] gf]6]zg n]Vg pgLx¿nfO{ wsf{ rflx+b}gYof] . tf]df]Pdf

x]8df:6/;Fu ;Nnfx u/]/ aRrfx¿n] ;f+uLlts gf]6x¿sf] cfˆg}

gfd /fv]sf lyP . tL gfd o:tf lyP–

nfO{ l:sk elgGYof], lsgls plk|mgnfO{ of] pko'Qm tfn lyof]Ù

nfO{ ‰08f elgGYof], lsgls x]bf{ ‰08f h:tf] b]lvGYof]

nfO{ ‰08f–‰08f elgGYof]

nfO{ 8an ‰08f elgGYof]

nfO{ sfnf]

nfO{ ;]tf]

nfO{ sf]7L efÚsf] ;]tf], cyjf ;]tf] / 86

nfO{ rflx+ uf]n 3]/f elgGYof] .

o;/L pgLx¿n] gf]6x¿ l;s]sf lyP / Tof] Psbd} /dfOnf]

lyof] . pgLx¿nfO{ dg kg]{ Snf; lyof] of] .

e'O{+df rsn] n]Vg] h'lSt x]8df:6/n] g} lgsfn]sf lyP .

sfuh rflxg] hlt 7"nf] x'Fb}gYof] / jl/kl/ k'Ug] u/L ANofsaf]8{

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 160 –

lyPgg\ . P;]DAnL xnsf] e'O{+ uhasf] ANofsaf]8{ x'G5 eÌ] pgnfO{

nfUof]— ;+uLt hlt;'s} l56f] eP klg cfkm"nfO{ dgnfu] hlt

7"nf] kf/]/ n]v] x'GYof] . d'Vo s'/f pgLx¿n] ;+uLtdf cfgGb lng

;Sg'kYof]{ . s]xL u/L ;do afFsL eP5 eg] pgLx¿n] xjfO{hxfh,

k'tnL jf h] dg nfU5 To;sf] lrq sf]g{ kfpFy] . s'g} j]nf

/dfOnf]sf lglDt aRrfx¿ cfkm"n] sf]/]sf] t:jL/x¿nfO{ hf]8\y] /

l;+u} e'O{+ a8]dfgsf] t:jL/ aÌ k'UYof] .

;+uLt Snf;sf] aLrdf x]8df:6/ cfP/ aRrfx¿n] sf]/]sf]

gf]6 x]y]{ . ls æTof] 7Ls 5Æ eGy], ls æ‰08f xf]Og lg, l:sk

kf] tÆ eGy] .

s]6fs]6Lx¿n] cfkm"n] s] u/]5' eÌ] yfxf kfpg\ / tfn;Fu c¿

kl/lrt xf]pg\ eg]/ pgn] lg/LIf0f ul/;s]kl5 / ;RRofOlbO;s]kl5

km]l/ ToxL w'g ahfpFy] . hlt;'s} Jo:t ePtfklg cfˆgf] of]

Snf; eg] pgL c¿ s;}nfO{ lng lb+b}gy] . s]6fs]6Ls} lglDt

klg sf]afofzL ;/ geP of] Snf; Tolt /dfOnf] x'g] klg lyPg

xf]nf .

n]lv;s]kl5 e'O{+ ;kmf ug'{ eg] lgs} 7"n} sfd x'GYof] . klxn]

8:6/n] Ps;/f] k'5\g'kYof]{ . clg ePe/sf ;a} ldn]/ 6fnf]n]

k'5]/ klxn]sf] h:t} l6lnSs kfg'{kYof]{ . lgs} ldlxg]t rflxGYof]

o;f] ug{ .

o;/L tf]df]Psf aRrfx¿n] u|flkm6L ;kmf ug'{ eg]sf] slt

ufx|f] x'Fbf]/x]5 eÌ] a'‰]sf lyP / P;]DAnL xnsf] e'O{+df afx]s

st} klg, sxL+ klg hyfefjL n]Vb}gy] .

tf]df]Psf aRrfx¿ rssf] ljz]if1 g} eO;s]sf lyP . s'g

rs /fd|f] x'G5, s;/L ;dfTg'k5{, /fd|f] n]Vg s;/L rnfpg'k5{,

s] u¥of] eg] efFlrb}g=== . tL ;a} g} Ps;]Ps rssf u'0f:t/

lgwf{/s ePsf lyP .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 161 –

…ofz'cfsL–rfg laTof]Ú

j;Gt Ct'sf] ljbf kl5 :s"nsf] klxnf] laxfgL lyof] .

sf]afofzL ;/ :s"nsf] d}bfgdf hDdf ePsf aRrfx¿sf] cufl8

;w}+ ‰}+ KofG6sf] vNtLdf xft xfn]/ plePsf lyP . t/ lgs}

a]/;Dd pgL s]xL af]n]gg\ . clg vNtLaf6 xft lgsfn]/ pgn]

s]6fs]6LnfO{ x]/] . x]bf{ nfUYof]– pgL /f]O/x]sf lyP .

æofz'cfsL–rfg laTof] .Æ pgn] la:tf/} eg]— æcfh xfdL

p;sf] d[To';+:sf/df hfg'k5{ .Æ clg kl5 km]l/ eg]– ædnfO{ yfxf

5, ltdLx¿ ;a} p;nfO{ dg k/fpFYof} . c;fWo} b'Mvsf] s'/f xf] .

dnfO{ Psbd g/fd|f] nflu/x]sf] 5 .Æ pgn] Tolt dfq eÌ ;s] .

pgsf] cg'xf/ /ftf] eof] / cfFvf cfF;'n] el/of] . s]6fs]6Lx¿

:tAw eP . s;}n] Ps zAb af]n]g . ;a} ofz'cfsL–rfgsf af/]df

;f]lr/x]sf lyP . tf]df]Psf] d}bfgdf o:tf] b'vb\ df}gtf slxNo}

5fPsf] lyPg .

æof] pd]/df klg dg]{ xf] t ÛÆ— tf]Qf]–rfgn] ;f]rL . æ5'§L

x'g'cl3 gk9L x'Ì eg]/ ofz'cfsL–rfgn] dnfO{ lbPsf] …cÍn

6dsf] SoflagÚ d}n] c‰} kl9;s]sf] 5}g .Æ 5'§L z'¿ x'g'cl3

ljbfafbL x'g] j]nfdf lstfa lbO/xFbf p;sf cf}+nf slt afËf

b]lvPsf lyP, p;n] ;D‰L . klxnf]k6s e]6 ePsf] j]nfsf]

s'/f klg p;n] ;D‰L . p;n] ;f]w]sL lyO{— æltdL lsg o;/L

lx+8]sf] <Æ p;n] lj:tf/} hjfkm lbPsf] lyof]— ædnfO{ kf]lnof]

ePsf] lyof] .Æ p;sf] af]nLsf] cfjfh / p;sf] d':sfgnfO{ ‰N‰nL

;D‰L . clg udL{sf] 5'§Lsf] j]nf pgLx¿ b'O{hgf dfq eP/ ¿v

r9\g] b':;fx; u/]sf] s'/f Û p;sf] hLp slt ux|f}+ nfu]sf] lyof]

p;nfO{, clg cfkm"eGbf cUnf] / h]7f] eP tfklg s;/L p;n]

ljZjf; u/]sf] lyof] Û ofz'cfsL–rfgn] g} xf] p;n] cd]l/sfdf

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 162 –

6]lnlehg eÌ] rLh x'G5 eg]sf] . tf]Qf]–rfgn] ofz'cfsL–rfgnfO{

dg k/fpFyL . pgLx¿ ;Fu} vfgf vfGy], a|]s ePsf] j]nf ;Fu}

;do latfpFy], clg :s"n 5'§L ePkl5 :6]zg;Dd ;Fu} hfGy] .

tf]Qf]–rfgn] a'‰]sL lyO{— d[To'sf] dtna xf] ofz'cfsL–rfg ca

slxNo} :s"n cfpFb}g . tL ;fgf rNnf dbf{ h:t} t xf], hlt

af]nfP klg pgLx¿ xnrn u/]sf lyPgg\ .

ofz'cfsL–rfgsf] clGtd ;+:sf/ pm a:g] u/]sf] b]g]Grf]km'

cl3lNt/sf] rr{df eO/x]sf] lyof] .

lho'ufcf]sfb]lv g} s]6fs]6L Psf]xf]/f] nfOg afFw]/ r"krfk

lx+8]/ uP . tf]Qf]–rfg ;w}+ ‰}+ otfptf kNofs–k'n's gx]/]/ e'O{+d}

cfFvf uf8]/ lx+l8/xL . x]8df:6/n] va/ ;'gfO;s]kl5 cfkm"n] leÌ}

cg'ej ug{ yfn]sf] p;n] rfn kfO{ . p;sf] klxnf] k|ltlqmof

cljZjf;sf] lyof] . clg To;kl5 pbf;L 5fof] . olt g} v]/

eg] p;n] vf]h]sf] olQ Pp6f s'/f dfq} lyof]— Psrf]l6 dfq

ofz'cfsL–rfg km]l/ afFlrlbP x'GYof] . pm;Fu s'/f ug{ p;nfO{

slt dg nfu]sf] lyof] eg], p;n] ;xg} ;ls/x]sL lyOg .

rr{e/L htftt} ;]tf] lnnLsf] km"n lyof] . ofz'cfsL–rfgsL

;'Gb/ cfdf, alxgL / gft]bf/x¿ ;a} sfnf] n'uf nufP/ rr{

aflx/ plePsf lyP . tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ b]v]kl5 pgLx¿ c¿ a9L ?g

yfn]— xftdf ;]tf] ?dfn lyof] ;a}sf] . tf]Qf]–rfg klxnf] k6s

d[To';+:sf/df uPsL lyO{ — slt g/dfOnf] x'Fbf]/x]5 eg]/ p;n]

yfxf kfO{ . sf]xL klg s'/f ul//x]sf] lyPg . / cuf{gdf dw'/f]

zf]s;+uLt alh/x]sf] lyof] . 3dfOnf] lbg lyof] / rr{leq htftt}

pHofnf] lyof] . t/ st} klg v'zL lyPg . kfv'/fdf sfnf] k§L

afFw]sf Pshgf dflg;n] tf]df]Psf x/]s aRrfnfO{ Ps Ps j6f

;]tf] km"n lbP / Tof] km"n r9fpg Ps–Ps hgf ub}{ ofz'cfsLsf]

slkmg eP 7fpFdf hfg'k5{ eg]/ atfP .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 163 –

slkmgdf ofz'cfsL–rfg cfFvf lrDn]/ ;'lt/x]sf] lyof] /

km"nx¿n] 3]l/Psf] lyof] . pm dl/;s]sf] eP klg ;w}+ ‰}+ bofn'

/ rnfv b]lvGYof] . tf]Qf]–rfgn] 3'F8f 6]s]/ p;sf] xftdf km"n

/flvlbO{ / lj:tf/} Tof] xftnfO{ 5f]O{— Tof] Kof/f] xftnfO{ p;n]

slt rf]l6 ;dft]sL lyO{ . tL xftx¿ p;sf cfˆgf kmf]xf]/ xfteGbf

w]/} ;]tf lyP / cf}+nfx¿ 7"nf] dfG5]s} h:tf nfdf–nfdf lyP .

æljbf ÛÆ ofz'cfsL–rfg;Fu ;fptL dfb}{ p;n] egL . æxfdL

7"nf] ePkl5 s'g} j]nf e]6 xf]nf . Tof] j]nfdf ltd|f] kf]lnof] klg

lgsf] eO ;Snf .Æ

clg p7]/ tf]Qf]–rfgn] km]l/ Psrf]l6 ofz'cfsL–rfgnfO{

x]/L . æ P, d}n] t la;]{sf] ÛÆ p;n] km]l/ egL— æcÍn 6dsf]

Soflag . Tof] t clxn] d ltdLnfO{ lkmtf{ ug{ ;lQmg Û xfd|f]

km]l/ e]6 gx'Gh]n /flvlbO/fV5' lg, x} ÛÆ

lx+8\g nfu]sf] j]nf p;nfO{ nfUof]— kSs} p;n] ofz'cfsL–

rfgsf] cfjfh k5lNt/af6 ;'gL— ætf]Qf]–rfg, xfdLn] slt

/dfOnf] u¥of}+ xlu < d ltdLnfO{ slxNo} la;{Ì . slxNo} klg ÛÆ

tf]Qf]–rfg 9f]sfg]/ k'u]kl5 pm kl5lNt/ kmsL{ / egL— æd

klg ltdLnfO{ slxNo} la;{Ì .Æ

j;Gtsf] dw'/f] 3fd To;} u/L nflu/x]sf] lyof] h;/L p;n]

klxnf] k6s /]nuf8L sIffsf]7fdf ofz'cfsL–rfgnfO{ e]6\bf . t/

Tof] lbgeGbf cfhsf] lbg km/s lyof]— p;sf ufnfx¿ cfF;'n]

leh]sf lyP .Æ

hf;";

tf]df]Psf s]6fs]6Lx¿ lgs} nfdf] ;do;Dd ofz'cfsLnfO{

;D‰]/ pbf; eP . c‰ vf; u/]/ laxfg Snf; z'¿ x'g] j]nfdf .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 164 –

ofz'cfsL cfh cfpg 9Lnf] ePsf] dfq xf]Og, pm t ca slxNo}

cfpFb}g eÌ] jf:tljstfdf cEo:t x'g tL s]6fs]6LnfO{ lgs} ;do

nfUof] . sIffx¿ ;–;fgf x'g' Psbd /fd|f] xf], t/ o:tf] j]nfdf

eg] lgs} ufx|f] x'Fbf]/x]5 . wÌ s;}sf] ;L6 5'6\ofPsf] lyPg . gq

vfnL ;L6 b]Vbf ;lxg;Sg' x'Fbf] xf] .

7"nf] ePkl5 s] x'g] eg]/ tf]Qf]–rfg ;f]Rg yfn]sL lyO{ .

pm cln ;fg} 5Fbf ;8s ufos x'g] jf Aofn] g[TofËgf x'g] eg]/

;f]RyL . clg tf]df]P :s"n cfPsf] klxnf] lbg rflx+ /]nj] :6]zgdf

l6s6 a]Rg dhf xf]nf eÌ] nfu]sf] lyof] . t/ cr]n eg] cln

c;fdfGo clg gf/LTjk"0f{ s]xL ug{ kfP x'GYof] eÌ] nfUg yfn]sf]

lyof] . g;{ x'g' 7Ls} x'G5 ls eÌ] p;nfO{ nfUof] . t/ 3fOt]

l;kfxLnfO{ e]6\g c:ktfn uPsf] j]nf g;{x¿n] ;'O{ lbO/x]sf] s'/f

;D‰L— p;nfO{ nfUof] of] t ufx|f] xf]nf . p;f] eP s] ug]{ xf]nf

t Û crfgs pm v'zL eO{ .

æn, s] x'g] eg]/ d}n] ;f]lr;s]s} 5' lg ÛÆ ev{/} l:kl/6

ag{/ afn]sf] tfO{–rfgsf] glhs} uP/ p;n] ;uj{ egL— æd}n] t

hf;"; x'g] ljrf/ u/]+ .Æ

ag{/sf] cfuf]af6 cfFvf x6fP/ tfO{–rfgn] Ps l5g ;Dd

tf]Qf]–rfgsf] cg'xf/ x]l//Xof] . clg s]xL ljrf/ ul//x] ‰}+

´ofnaf6 aflx/ x]¥of] . clg tf]Qf]–rfglt/ kmSof]{ / tf]Qf]n]

/fd|/L a'‰f];\ eg]/ p;sf] ljåtfk"0f{ ;kmf cfjfhdf lj:tf/} eGof]—

æhf;"; x'g t Psbd af7f] x'g' k5{ . clg w]/} efiffx¿ hfg]sf]

klg x'g'k5{ ÛÆ

;f; km]g{ tfO{–rfg Ps l5g /f]lsof] clg p;sf] cg'xf/lt/

x]/]/ ;Lw} eGof]— æ;aeGbf klxnf] s'/f] t s]6L hf;"; /fd|L

klg x'g'k5{ .Æ

tfO{–rfgsf] x]/fOaf6 cfˆgf cfFvf lj:tf/} x6fpFb} tf]Qf]–

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 165 –

rfg lgx'/L . Ps l5g r'k nfu]/ ljrf/dUg x'Fb}, tf]Qf]–rfgsf]

cg'xf/lt/ gx]/L p;n] ;fgf] :j/df eGof]— æclg, d]/f] ljrf/df,

a9L s'/f ug'{kg]{ 6\ofpFsL hf;"; x'g ;lSbg .Æ

tf]Qf]–rfg s]xL af]Ng ;lsg . pm hf;"; x'g] s'/fdf p;n]

;xdlt hgfPg eg]/ xf]Og . p;n] eg]sf] x/]s s'/f ;xL lyof] .

p;n] ;f]r]s} s'/f u/]sf] lyof] p;n] . To; kl5 p;n] dfgL—

hf;";df x'g'kg]{ s'g} klg a'l4as{t p;df lyPg . p;nfO{ yfxf

lyof], tfO{–rfgn] /L; b]vfpg dfq oL s'/f eg]sf] lyPg . To;}n]

Tof] hf;"; x'g] ljrf/ 5f]l8lbg'd} >]o lyof] . h] xf];\, pm;Fu

o;af/] s'/f ug'{ g} dfq klg /fd|} eof] .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 166 –

p;n] ;f]rL— æcf]xf] Û tfO{–rfg d]/} pd]/sf] 5 . t/ slt

w]/} s'/f yfxf ePsf] p;nfO{ ÛÆ

tfO{–rfgn] cfkm" ef}ltszf:qljb\ x'G5' eg]/ pm;Fu s'/f

u/]sf] eP pm s] eGbL xf] <

pm t æP Û eOxfN5 lg, ltdL ;nfO{ sf]/]/ l:kl/6 ag{/ afNg

;S5f} ÛÆ eÌ dfq ;SyL . Tof] t clt s]6fs]6L s'/f x'GYof] .

æc+u|]hLdf …lsr'g]Ú nfO{ …kmS;Ú eG5g\ eÌ] klg ltdLnfO{

yfxf 5, …s'Rr'ÚnfO{ z'h\ eÌ] klg yfxf 5 . To;}n] ltdL

ef}ltszf:qljb\ x'g ;S5f}Æ eg'F eg] Tof] klg ldn]g .

h] eP klg tfO{–rfgn] 7"n} s'/f u5{ eÌ] s'/fdf eg] pm

ljZj:t lyO{ . pm rflx+ ̂ nf:sdf pl7/x]sf] kmf]sfx¿nfO{ x]l//x]sf]

lyof] .

æwGojfb Û p;f] eP d hf;"; x'Ì . t/ ltdL kSs} klg

7"nf] dfG5] x'G5f} eÌ] dnfO{ nfU5 .Æ

tfO{–rfgn] ;fgf] :j/df cfkm}+;Fu ‰}+ s]xL eGof], skfn

sGofof], / km]l/ p;sf] cufl8 ePsf] v'nf lstfadf dUg eof] .

hf;"; x'g g;Sg] eP s] x'g] xf]nf t, tfO{–rfgsf] ag{/df

aln/x]sf] cfuf]sf] HjfnfnfO{ x]b}{ tf]Qf]–rfg ;f]lr/xL .

a'afsf] efof]lng

pgLx¿n] yfxf kfpg'cl3 g} tf]Qf]–rfg / p;sf] l;+uf]

kl/jf/sf] hLjgdf g} Tof] eofgs n8fO{+n] k|efj hdfpg

yfln;s]sf] lyof] . x/]s lbg l5d]ssf s]6f / k'?ifx¿ …afGhfO{Ú

eg]/ s/fpFb} ‰08f xNnfP/ lg:sGy] . k;nx¿af6 vfg] s'/f Ps

Ps ub}{ x/fpg yfn] . tf]df]Psf] nGr6fOdsf] …kxf8af6 s]xL /

;d'b|af6 s]xLÚ k'¥ofpg ‰g\ ‰g\ ufx|f] x'g yfNof] . cfdfn] ;d'b|L

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 167 –

´ofp / crf/ kf/]sf] cf?af6 sfd rnfO/x]sL lyOg\ . s]xL

;dod} ToxL klg kfpg ufx|f] x'g yfNof] . x/]s s'/f /fzgdf

lyof] . ld7fO{x¿ t hlt vf]h] klg kfOFb}gy] .

p;sf] eGbf cl3Nnf] :6]zg psfofdfdf Pp6f e]lG8ª dzLg

ePsf] tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ yfxf lyof] . To;sf] Kjfndf k};f v;fn]kl5

sf/fd]n ld7fO{sf] Ps Kofs]6 lg:sGYof] . dzLgsf] dfl:t/ dg}

nf]Eofpg] t:jL/ lyof] . kfFr k};fn] ;fgf] Kofs]6 / bz k};fn]

7"nf] Kofs]6 cfpFYof] . t/ Tof] dzLg klg vfnL ePsf] lgs}

;do lalt;s]sf] lyof] . hlt k};f /fv] klg, To;nfO{ hlt

9S9SofP klg s]xL cfpFb}gYof] . tf]Qf]–rfg eg] ;aeGbf Hofb|L

lyO{ .

æleq st}lt/ c‰} Pp6f Kofs]6 n's]sf] 5 ls ÛÆ p;nfO{

nfUYof] . æleq st} c8\s]sf] kf] 5 ls ÛÆ

To;}n] x/]s lbg pm cl3Nnf] :6]zgdf cf]n{GyL / kfFr k};]

/ bz k};] 9\ofs v;fNyL . t/ hlxn] klg k};} dfq kms{GYof] .

7\ofª\Uo|fË ub}{ v:Yof] .

ToxL j]nf a'afnfO{ s;}n] Pp6f va/ ;'gfof] . Tof] avt

clwsf+z dflg;n] To;nfO{ c;fWo} /fd|f] va/ dfGbf x'g\ .

a'afn] xltof/ sf/vfgf elgg] 7fpFdf uP/ To;j]nf rNtL ePsf]

o'4sfnLg w'g efof]lngdf ahfOlbP lrgL, rfdn / cGo s'/fx¿

kfOGYof] . a'afn] ev{/} dfq Pp6f ;Ddflgt ;+uLt k'/:sf/ kfPsf

lyP / efof]lngjfbssf ¿kdf k|Voft klg lyP . To;n] ubf{

kSs} klg pgn] w]/} s'/f kfpg]5g\ egL pgsf] ;fyLn] eg]sf

lyP .

cfdfn] a'afnfO{ ;f]lwg\— æs] ug'{x'G5, ug]{ xf] t <Æ

Tof] j]nfdf sG;6{x¿ t Psbd} sd x'g yfn]sf lyP . Ps

t Pskl5 csf]{ ;+uLtsf/nfO{ ;]gfaf6 af]nfj6 cfpFb} lyof] /

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 168 –

cs]{i6«fdf jfBjfbsx¿ ‰g\ ‰g\ sd eO/x]sf lyP . ToxfF dfly

/]l8of] k|;f/0f s/La s/La k"0f{tof o'4 ;DaGwL sfo{qmdsf nflu

lbOPsf] lyof] . To;}n] a'af / pgsf ;xsdL{ ;+uLt1x¿sf nflu

s'g} cj;/ lyPg . h] ;'s} xf];\, s]xL ahfpg dfq} kfpg] s'/fnfO{

klg pgn] :jfut ug'{kg]{ xf] .

a'afn] s]xL a]/ ;f]r] / eg]— æd]/f] efof]lngdf d To;

lsl;dsf] s'/f ahfpg rfxÌ .Æ

ætkfO{+n] 7Ls} eÌ'eof] .Æ cfdfn] elgg\— æd ePsf] eP klg

gfO{+ eGy]+ . 7Ls} 5, s'g} lsl;dn] vfgfsf] hf]xf] u/f}+nf .Æ

tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ vfg k'u]sf] 5}g / lbg lbg} a]sf/df e]lG8ª

dzLgdf k};f xfNg] u/]sL 5 eÌ] s'/f a'afnfO{ yfxf lyof] .

pgnfO{ s] klg yfxf lyof] eg] o'4 ;+uLt ahfOlbg] xf] eg] pgn]

kfpg] vfg] s'/f To; kl/jf/sf] lglDt oy]i6 x'g]lyof] . t/ a'af

pgsf] ;+uLtnfO{ a9L dxŒj lbGy] . cfdfnfO{ Tof] yfxf lyof] .

To;}n] pgn] slxNo} a'afnfO{ hah{:tL ul/gg\ . ædnfO{ dfkm u/

tf]RsL ÛÆ a'afn] pbf; eP/ eg] .

tf]Qf] ;fg} lyO{ / pm snf, ljrf/wf/f / sfdsf af/]df

a'l´bgyL . t/ p;nfO{ s] yfxf lyof] eg] a'af cfˆgf] efof]lngnfO{

c;fWo} dfof uy]{ . o;n] ubf{ w]/} cfkmGtx¿n] pgL;Fu af]Ng}

5f]l8lbO;s]sf lyP . pgnfO{ hlt cK7]/f] eP klg cfˆgf]

efof]lngnfO{ eg] Tofu]sf lyPgg\ . To;}n], cfkm"nfO{ dg gk/]sf]

s'/f gahfpg' Psbd 7Ls xf] eÌ] tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ klg nfu]sf]

lyof] . a'afsf] jl/kl/ pk|mFb} p;n] egL— æs]xL 5}g . d klg

t tkfO{+sf] efof]lng dg k/fpF5' lg ÛÆ

t/ csf]{ lbg km]l/ klg tf]Qf]–rfg psfofdfdf cf]nL{ /

e]lG8ª dzLgsf] Kjfnaf6 x]/L . s]xL cfpg] s'/} lyPg, t/ klg

p;n] cfzf ug{ eg] 5f]l8g .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 169 –

jfrf

3]/f nufP/ /fv]sf s';L{ / 8]:snfO{ nGrkl5 ljBfyL{x¿n]

x6fpFbf P;]DAnL xn lgs} 7"nf] b]lvGYof] .

æcfh x]8df:6/sf] a'O{ ;aeGbf klxn] d r9\5' ÛÆ tf]Qf]–

rfgn] lg0f{o u/L .

p;nfO{ hlxn] klg To;f] ug{ dg nfUYof] . t/ Ps l5g

9Lnf] eof] ls aLrdf kn]+6L df/]/ a;]sf pgsf] sfvdf sf]xL

g sf]xL uP/ al;xfNYof], clg sDtLdf b'O{ hgf pgsf] a'O{

rl9;s]sf x'Gy] / pgsf] Wofg cfkm"lt/ tfÌ s/fO/x]sf x'Gy] .

xfF:bf xfF:bf cg'xf/ /ft} kf/]/ pgL eGy] æP, s] u/]sf]

of] . n eof] eof], 5f]8 ca ÛÆ t/ pgsf] a'O{ rl9;s]kl5

s]6fs]6L dl/uP 5f]8\b}gy] . To;}n], clnslt dfq} 9Lnf] eof] eg]

x]8df:6/sf] lk7\o'Fdf k"/} eL8 nflu;s]sf] x'GYof] . t/ o;kfln

eg] x]8df:6/ cfOk'Ubf tf]Qf]–rfg klxn]b]lv g} P;]DAnLsf] aLrdf

k'lu;s]sL lyO{ . pgL glhs} cfPkl5 p;n] egL æ;/, tkfO{+nfO{

s]xL eÌ' 5 ÛÆ

æs] xf] dnfO{ eÌ'kg]{ To:tf] s'/f ÛÆ /dfpFb} x]8df:6/n] ;f]w]

/ e'O{+df kn]+6L s;]/ a;] .

lgs} lbg;Dd ;f]r]kl5 cfkm"n] lg0f{o u/]sf] s'/f p;n]

x]8df:6/nfO{ ;'gfpg rfxL . pgn] kn]+6L df/]kl5 p;n] a'O{

r9\g] ljrf/ klg TofuL . p;n] atfpg rfx]sf] s'/f cg'xf/

x]/]/ atfpg pko'Qm x'GYof] . To;}n] pgLlt/ kms]{/ glhs} a;L /

6fpsf] clnslt 9NsfP/ yf]/} xfF;L . pm ;fgL x'Fbfb]lv g} cfdfn]

o;nfO{ …/fd|f] cg'xf/Ú elGyg\ . of] p;sf] …;G8] a]:6Ú cg'xf/

lyof] . o;/L d'v clnslt vf]n]/ xfF:bf p;df cfTdljZjf;

cfpFYof] / cfkm}+nfO{ c;n s]6L ePsf] ljZjf; x'GYof] .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 170 –

s] eG5] o;n] eg]/ x]8df:6/n] p;nfO{ x]/] . …n egÚ eg]/

pgL clnslt lgx'l/P .

Pp6L lbbL jf cfdfn] ‰}+ u/L tf]Qf]–rfgn] dL7f];Fu lj:tf/}

egL æd 7"nL ePkl5 oxL :s"ndf k9fpF5' . ;fFRr} xf] .Æ

x]8df:6/ d':s'/fpnfg\ eÌ] tf]Qf]–rfgn] cfzf u/]sL lyO{ .

t/ pgL t ;fFRr} uDeL/ eP/ ;f]w]— ækSsf xf] <Æ

p;n] k9fcf];\ eg]/ pgn] ;fFRr} rfx]sf] h:tf] lyof] .

tf]Qf]–rfgn] a]:;/L 6fpsf] xNnfpFb} egL ækSsf xf] .Æ p;n]

dgdg} jfrf u/L s'g} klg xfntdf pm Tof] :s"nsL lzlIfsf

aÌ] 5 .

To; If0fdf pm Tof] laxfgLnfO{ ;lD‰/x]sL lyO{ ha pm

klxnf] sIffsL ljBfyL{ eP/ tf]df]Pdf cfPsL lyO{ / x]8df:6/nfO{

pgsf] clkm;df e]6]sL lyO{ . w]/}cl3sf] s'/f h:tf] nfUof] Tof]

j]nf . pgn] rf/ 3G6f nuftf/ p;sf s'/f ;'g]sf lyP . clg

p;n] cfˆgf] 6\ofpF 6\ofpF ;s]kl5 pgn] eg]sf lyP— æca ltdL

of] :s"nsL ljBfyL{ eof} .Æ pgn] To;f] eGbfsf] Tof] Gofgf]kg

p;n] ;D‰L . To;j]nf eGbf klg oltj]nf sf]afofzL ;/ p;nfO{

c¿ a9L dg k¥of] . pgsf] lglDt sfd ug]{ / cfkm"n] ;Sbf]

pgnfO{ d2t ug]{ p;n] k|0f u/L .

p;n] jfrf ul/;s]kl5 pgL /dfP/ ;w}+ ‰}+ d':s'/fP —

cfˆgf yf]t] bfFtsf] jf:t} gu/L . tf]Qf]–rfgn] cfˆgf] sfG5L

cf}+nf a9fO{ . x]8df:6/n] klg cfˆgf] sfG5L cf}+nf a9fP .

pgsf] sfG5L cf}+nf alnof] b]lvGYof]— e/ kg{ ;lsg] . clg

tf]Qf]–rfg / x]8df:6/n] k'/fgf] hfkfgL kf/fdf sfG5L cf}+nf

hf]8]/ k|0f u/] . x]8df:6/ d':s'/fO/x]sf lyP . tf]Qf]–rfg

klg 9'Ss eP/ d':s'/fO{ . pm tf]df]PsL lzlIfsf aÌ] 5— Sof

uHhasf] ljrf/ Û

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 171 –

æd lzlIfsf ePkl5===Æ pm sNkgf ug{ yfnL . clg p;sf]

sNkgfdf cfPsf] s'/f lyof]— w]/} k9\g' gkg]{, y'k|} v]n lbj;x¿,

lkslgs, SoflDkª / jfs\ Û

x]8df:6/ v'zL eP . tf]Qf]–rfg 7"nL x'Fbf s:tL xf]nL, ;f]Rg

ufx|f] lyof] . t/ pm tf]df]PsL lzlIfsf aÌ ;S5] eÌ] s'/fdf

pgL ljZj:t lyP . pgnfO{ nfUYof], tf]df]Psf ;a} ljBfyL{ c;n

lzIfs–lzlIfsf aÌ ;S5g\, lsgls aRrf x'g' eg]sf] s:tf] x'G5

eÌ] yfxf kfPsf pgLx¿n] kl5 klg la;{g] 5}gg\ .

æhfkfgsf] cfsfzdf ad af]s]sf cd]l/sL xjfOhxfhx¿ s'g}

klg j]nf p8\g yfNg] 5g\, ;dos} dfq s'/f xf]Æ eg]/ hltj]nf

dflg;x¿ eGb} lyP, 7Ls ToxL j]nf tf]df]Pdf, x]8df:6/ / pgsL

Pp6L r]nL eg] Ps bzs jf Tof]eGbf klg kl5sf] of]hgfdf

uDeL/ k|0f ul//x]sf lyP .

/sL x/fof]

k|zfGt If]qsf] o'4df w]/} ;}lgs dl/;s]sf lyP, vfg]s'/fsf]

cefj lyof] . ;a}hgf qf;df afFlr/x]sf lyP— t/ klg u|Lid

Ct' ;w}+ ‰}+ cfof] . / lhTg] b]zx¿df klg 3fd nfUof], xfg]{

b]zx¿df klg .

sfdfs'/fdf ePsf] cfˆgf] 7"nfafsf] 3/af6 tf]Qf]–rfg ev{/}

6f]lsof] kms]{sL lyO{ .

ca tf]df]Pdf SoflDkª x'g 5f]8]sf] lyof] / tftf]kfgL l/;f]6{sf]

/dfOnf] e|d0f klg lyPg . o:tf] nfUYof] ca s]6fs]6Lx¿n] slxNo}

cl3Nnf] jif{ ‰}+ udL{sf] 5'§Ldf /dfpg] kfpg] 5}gg\ . tf]Qf]–rfgn]

x/]s jif{sf] udL{ sfdfs'/fdf cfˆgf] 7"nfafsf 5f]/f5f]/L;Fu

latfpg] u/]sL lyO{ . t/ o;kfnf km/s lyof] . klxn] klxn]

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 172 –

e"tsf 8/nfUbf syf ;'gfpg Pp6f cln 7"nf] gft]bf/ s]6fnfO{

af]nfpg] ul/Psf] lyof]— pm n8fO{+df uP5 . To;}n] e"tsf

syf klg ePgg\ . p;sf 7"nfaf cd]l/sfdf x'Fbfv]/Lsf cfˆgf]

cg'ejsf rfvnfUbf s'/fx¿ ;'gfpFy]— ;fFRr} xf] ls xf]Og b}j

hfg'g\ . pgL klg oltv]/ n8fO{+sf] df]rf{df lyP . pgsf] gfd

z'hL tfu'rL lyof] / gfd rn]sf Sofd]/fDofg lyP .

Go"of]s{df lgxf]g\ Go"hsf] Ao'/f] k|d'vsf ¿kdf / cd]l/sg

d]6«f] Go"hsf ;'b"/ k"j{ k|ltlglwsf ¿kdf sfd ul/;s]kl5 pgL

z' tfu'rLsf gfdn] a9L lrlgGy] . pgL a'afsf bfO lyP, a'afn]

rflx+ xh'/cfdfsf] y/nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg pgs} y/ lnPsf lyP .

gq eg] pgsf] gfd klg tfu'rL g} x'GYof] . z'hL 7"nfafn] lvr]sf]

…/afpnsf] n8fO{+Ú h:tf lkmNdx¿ l;g]df xndf b]vfOGYof] .

n8fO{+sf] df]rf{af6 pgn] k7fPsf ;a} lkmNd pgs} x'Gy] .

tf]Qf]–rfgsL 7"nLcfdf / pgsf 5f]/f5f]/L 7"nf] a'jfsf] af/] kL/

ul//xGy] . n8fO{+sf t:jL/n] k|foM ;]gfnfO{ vt/gfs cj:yfdf

b]vfpFYof], Sofd/fDofgx¿ ;]gfeGbf cl3 cl3 uP/ pgLx¿ cl3

al9/x]sf] b]vfpg' kYof]{ . tf]Qf]–rfgsf gftfsf 7"nf dfG5] To;}

eÌ] uy]{ .

sfdfs'/fsf] ;d'b|L t6 ;d]t Tof] jif{sf] udL{df b'vL

b]lvGYof] . t/ o:tf] x'Fbf x'Fb} klg oft–rfg eg] /dfOn} lyof] .

pm z'hL cÍnsf] ;aeGbf 7"nf] 5f]/f lyof] . tf]Qf]–rfg eGbf

Ps jif{ sfG5f] . s]6fs]6Lx¿ hlt ;a} Pp6f 7"nf] ‰'nleq ;Fu}

;'Ty] . ;'Tg' cl3 oft–rfg …;d|f6 bL3f{o' /x'g\Ú eg]/ s/fpFYof]

/ uf]nL nfu]sf] ;}lgs ‰}+ n8]/ d/]sf] h:tf] uYof]{ . pm af/Daf/

To;f] uYof]{ . clg csf]{ /dfOnf] s'/f s] eg] p;n] o;f] u/]sf]

j]nfdf lgGb|fdf lx+8\Yof] / a/08faf6 n8\Yof] . clg ;a} p;}sf

s'/f uy]{ .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 173 –

tf]Qf]–rfgsL cfdf 6f]lsof]df a'af;Fu} a;]sL lyOg\ . udL{sf]

ljbf ;lsPsfn] Tof] e"tsf] syf eÌ] s]6fsL lbbLn] p;nfO{

6f]lsof] NofOlbPsL lyOg\ .

3/ k'Ug] lalQs} ;w}+ ‰}+ tf]Qf]–rfgn] /sLnfO{ vf]hL . t/

pm st} e]l6Pg . 3/leq klg lyPg, au}+rfdf klg lyPg .

a'afn] cls{8 x'sf{pg] u/]sf] u|Lgxfp;df klg lyPg . tf]Qf]–rfg

lk/f]lng yfnL— lsgls pm 3/ k'Ug' eGbf lgs} cufl8 g} /sL

p;nfO{ lng cfpFYof] . tf]Qf]–rfg 3/aflx/ ;8sdf uP/ p;sf]

gfd lnP/ af]nfpg yfnL . t/ p;sf] Kof/f] cfFvf, sfg jf

k'R5/sf] s'g} lrgf] st} lyPg . cfkm" p;nfO{ aflx/ vf]lh/x]sf]

j]nfdf /sL leq kmls{of] ls t eg]/ pm xtf/ xtf/ 3/ kmsL{ .

t/ pm lyPg .

æv} /sL <Æ p;n] cfdfnfO{ ;f]wL .

cfdfnfO{ yfxf x'g} kg]{ pm /sL vf]Hg htftt} bu'l//x]sL 5

eÌ] s'/f . t/ cfdfn] Ps zAb af]lngg\ .

cfdfsf] :s6{ tfGb} tf]Qf]–rfgn] km]l/ ;f]wL æ/sL vf]O{,

eGof <Æ

hjfkm lbg cfdfnfO{ cK7]/f] eP h:tf] eof] . æpm x/fof]Æ—

pgn] elgg\ .

tf]Qf]–rfgn] ljZjf; ug{ ;lsg . s;/L x/fpF5 pm <

æs;/L <Æ— cfdfsf] cg'xf/ x]b}{ p;n] ;f]wL .

cfdfnfO{ s] eg'F, s] eg'F eof] . g/dfOnf] dfGb} pgn] elgg\—

ætF sfdfs'/f hfg] lalQs} .Æ clg xtf/ xtf/ elgg\— æxfdLn]

;a}lt/ vf]Hof}+ . ;a} 7fpFdf uof}+ . t/ e]l6Pg . tFnfO{ s;/L eÌ]

xf]nf eg]/ d lkl/PsL lyPF . ;/L, 5f]/L .Æ clg p;sf] dgdf

;To s'/f cfof]— /sL d/]sf] x'g'k5{ . æcfdf dnfO{ b'MvL agfpg

rfxÌg\ . t/ /sL kSs} d¥of] .Æ

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 174 –

tf]Qf]–rfgnfO{ of] :ki6 eof] . cfh;Dd tf]Qf]–rfg hlt;'s}

nfdf] ;do;Dd aflx/ uP klg /sL slxNo} 3/af6 6f9f

hfFb}gYof] . p;nfO{ hlxn] klg yfxf x'GYof] — tf]Qf]–rfg kmls{G5]

eÌ] s'/f . ædnfO{ gegL /sL To;/L hfg} ;Sb}gÆ p;n] dg

dg} egL . of] p;sf] b[9 ljZjf; lyof] .

t/ cfdf;Fu o;af/] w]/} s'/f ul/g . cfdfnfO{ s:tf]

nflu/x]sf] xf]nf eÌ] pm hfGbyL . p;n] cfFvf ‰'sfpFb} olt dfq

egL— æsxfF uof] xf]nf t Tof] ÛÆ

p;n] Tolt dfq eÌ ;sL . clg bu'b}{ cfˆgf] sf]7fdf uO{ .

/sL geP kl5 Tof] 3/ g} pgLx¿sf] cfˆgf] h:tf] nfu]g .

cfˆgf] sf]7fdf k'u]kl5 p;n] lgs} sf]lzz u/L g?g eg]/ . /

km]l/ ;f]Rg yfnL– p;n] /sLk|lt s'g} 5'Rrf] Jojxf/ t u/]sL

lyOg— h;sf sf/0f pm efu]sf] xf];\ Û

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 175 –

æhgfj/x¿nfO{ slxNo} glh:SofpmÆ eg]/ sf]afofzL ;/n]

;w}+ tf]df]Psf s]6fs]6LnfO{ eGy] . æltdLx¿nfO{ ljZjf; ug]{

hgfj/nfO{ ljZjf;3ft ug'{ eg]sf] lgi7'/tf xf] . s's'/nfO{ dfUg

nufpg] clg s]xL glbg] slxNo} gug"{ . To;f] u¥of] eg] s's'/n]

ljZjf; ub}{g / p;sf] :jefj g} g/fd|f] x'g ;S5 .Æ

tf]Qf]–rfgn] oL lgodx¿sf] ;w}+ kfngf u/]sL lyO{ . p;n]

/sLnfO{ slxNo} 9fF6]sL lyOg . ;D‰gf eP;Dd p;n] /sLsf]

s]xL lauf/ u/]sL lyOg .

7Ls ToxL j]nf e'O{+lt/ x]bf{ 6]8L lao/sf] v'§fdf s]xL

clN‰/x]sf] p;n] b]vL . oltGh]n pm h;f]t;f] g/f]Osg a;]sL

lyO{ . t/ Tof] b]v]kl5 eg] p;sf] cfF;'sf] wf/f aUof] . Tof]

/sLsf] xNsf v}/f] /Ësf] /f}+sf] u'h'N6f] lyof] . sfdfs'/f hfg] lbg

laxfg pgLx¿ e'O{+df n8La'8L u/]/ v]Nbf Tof] ‰/]sf] x'g'k5{ .

hd{g ;]km8{sf] /f}+sf] Tof] ;fgf] u'h'N6f] lnP/ pm /f]O{, /f]O/xL .

p;sf] cfF;' / ?jfO{ /f]ls+b} /f]lsPg .

klxn] ofz'cfsL–rfg . clg ca /sL . tf]Qf]–rfgn] csf]{

;fyL u'dfPsL lyO{ .

lrof kf6L{

cflv/ tf]df]Psf kfn]bfO l/of]–rfgnfO{ af]nfOof] . ;a} aRrfn]

dg k/fpFy] pgnfO{ . 7"n} eP klg pgnfO{ ;a}n] s]6fs]6Lsf] h:tf]

gfdn] af]nfpFy] . pgL …O{i6–b]jb"tÚ h:tf lyP— s;}nfO{ klg cK7]/f]

kbf{ d2t ug{ 6'Kn'Ss cfOk'Ug] . l/of]–rfg h] klg ug{ ;Sy] .

pgL w]/} af]Nb}gy] — d';'Ss xfF:y] dfq . h] ug{ klg hfGby] .

tf]Qf]–rfg 6\of+sLdf v;]sf] j]nf pg}n] ;/f;/ cfP/ p;nfO{

lgsfn]sf lyP / s]xL ugug gu/L wf]O{kvfnL ul/lbPsf lyP .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 176 –

æxfdL l/of]–rfgnfO{ labfOsf] lrof kf6L{ lbpFmÆ— x]8df:6/n]

eg] .

ælrof kf6L{ <Æ

hfkfgdf xl/of] lrof t x/]s lbg s}of}+ k6s vfOG5 .

t/ Tof] s'g} dgf]/Ghg;Fu hf]l8Psf] x'Fb}g . cf}krfl/s w"nf]

lrofsf] s'/} csf]{ eof]— Tof] t leGb} vfnsf] k]o xf] . tf]df]Pdf

…lrof kf6L{Ú x'g' eg]sf] rflx+ ;fFRr} gf}nf] g} eof] Û t/ h] xf];\,

s]6fs]6Lx¿nfO{ Tof] cfOl8of dg k¥of] . klxn] slxNo} gu/]sf]

sfd ug{ pgLx¿ /dfpFy] . aRrfx¿nfO{ Toltj]nf yfxf lyPg,

t/ x]8df:6/n] jf:tjdf hfgL–hfgL rng rNtLsf] ;f]a]Rr'vfO{

-labfO ef]h_sf] ;§f Pp6f gofF zAb /r]sf lyP— …;fjfvfO{Ú .

…labfO–ef]hÚ eGbf gdHhf ;'lgGYof] . / cln 7"nf s]6fs]6Lx¿n]

s] a'´y] eg] l/of]–rfg dfl/P / kms]{gg\ eg] Tof] ;fFlRrs} labfO

x'g ;SYof] . t/ lrof kf6L{df eg] cfh;Dd sf]xL klg guPsf

sf/0f ;a} pT;flxt lyP .

:s"n 5'§L ePkl5 sf]afofzL x]8;/n] aRrfx¿nfO{ eg]/

nGr6fOddf h:t} uf]nfsf/df 8]:sx¿ ldnfpg nufP . ;a} hgf

al;;s]kl5 lrof;Fu vfg eg]/ x/]snfO{ pgn] Pp6f kftnf]

l:Sj8sf] ;'s'6L lbP . n8fO{+sf tL lbgx¿df Tof] klg :jflbi6

JoGhg lyof] .

ætf]df]Pdf of] klxnf] lrof kf6L{ xf]Æ, x]8df:6/n] eg]—

æ;a}hgf /dfOnf] u/f}+ . ltdLx¿ l/of]–rfgnfO{ s]xL eÌ rfxG5f}

eg] eg . l/of]–rfgnfO{ dfq xf]Og cfˆg} aLrdf s]xL eg] klg

x'G5 . kfn} kfnf] x}, aLrdf pleP/ .Æ

tf]df]Pdf pgLx¿n] l:Sj8 vfPsf] of] klxnf]k6s lyPg, t/

l/of]–rfg pgLx¿;Fu a;]sf] eg] klxnf] k6s g} lyof] . / l/of]–

rfgn] ;fs] vfPsf] b]v]sf] klg klxnf] k6s g} lyof] . Ps Ps

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 177 –

ub}{ s]6fs]6Lx¿ p7], / l/of]–rfglt/ kms]{/ af]Ng yfn] . z'¿df

af]Ng]x¿n] p;nfO{ cfˆgf] Vofn /fVg' / la/fdL gx'g' eg] . clg

tf]Qf]–rfgsf] Snf;df ePsf] ldlutfn] eGof]— æcsf]{ rf]l6 d ufpF

uPsf] j]nf tkfO{+x¿ ;a}nfO{ >f4sf] df]df] NofOlbG5' .Æ

;a} xfF;] . Ps jif{ g} eO;s]sf] lyof] ldlutfn] pgLx¿nfO{

Tof] df]df]sf] s'/f ;'gfPsf] . s;}sf] d[To' ;+:sf/sf] j]nf vfPsf]

df]df]sf] s'/f p;n] ;'gfpFb} …slt dL7f] lyof]Ú eg]sf] lyof] .

df}sf x'g] lalQs} p;n] ;a}nfO{ Tof] df]df] NofOlbG5' eGYof] . t/

slxNo} NofPsf] eg] lyPg .

ldlutfn] >f4sf] df]df]sf] s'/f ubf{ x]8df:6/ ‰l:sPsf

lyP . o:tf] j]nfdf d[To';+:sf/sf] df]df]sf] s'/f ug'{nfO{ ckzs'g

dflgGYof] . t/ cfkm"n] vfPsf] s'g} dL7f] kl/sf/ ;fyLx¿nfO{ klg

Vjfpg] eg]/ ldlutfn] slt lgbf]{if t/Lsfn] eGof] eg] x]8df:6/

klg c¿;Fu} xfF;] . l/of]–rfg klg TolQs} lbn vf]n]/ xfF:of] .

p;nfO{ klg s'g hdfgfb]lv Tof] df]df] NofOlbG5' eg]/ p;n]

elg/x]s} lyof] .

clg kl5 cf]P p7\of] / l/of]–rfg;fd' k|0f ub}{ eGof] pm

hfkfgsf] ;aeGbf /fd|f] jfujfgL ljz]if1 x'g]5 . tf]bf]/f]sLsf]

Pp6f c;fWo} 7"nf] g;{/Lsf dflnssf] 5f]/f] lyof] cf]P . To;kl5

s]Osf] cfcf]sL p7L . ;w}+ ‰}+ nhfpFb} pm lvt\–lvt\ xfF;L, ‰'s]/

clejfbg u/L, / cfˆgf] 7fpFdf uP/ a;L . Toltv]/ tf]Qf]–rfg

p;sf] ;§fdf bu'b}{ uP/ egL— æs]O{sf]sf] 3/sf] s'v'/f p8\g

;S5, d}n] Ps lbg b]v]sf] ÛÆ

clg cfdfb]/f af]Nof]— æ3fOt] ss'/ jf la/fnf] e]6\g'ef] eg]

dsxfF NofOlbg'xf]nf, d 7Ls kfl/lbG5' .Æ

tfsfxfzL slt ;fgf] lyof] eg] pm 8]:s d'lg l5/]/ 3]/f]sf]

aLrdf cfof]— cfFvf l‰DSofpg gkfpFb} pm aLrdf k'lu;s]sf]

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 178 –

lyof] . p;n] /dfOnf] :j/df eGof]— æwGojfb l/of]–rfg Û

tkfO{+nfO{ ;a} s'/fsf] lglDt wGojfb . ;a} ;a} s'/fsf] lglDt ÛÆ

clg cfOsf] ;fOZof] p7L . p;n] egL— æl/of]–rfg d

n8]sf] j]nf tkfO{+n] dnfO{ AofG8]h ul/lbPsf]df wGojfb . d

slxNo} la;{Ì .Æ cfOsf] ;fOZof]sf sfsfafh] ¿;–hfkfg o'4sf

Voflt–k|fKt P8ld/n tf]uf] lyP, / p;sL csL{ gft]bf/ cfRr"sf]

;fOZof] ;d|f6 d]OhLsf] b/af/sL ;Ddflgt sjloqL lyOg\ . t/

cfOsf] slxNo} pgLx¿sf s'/f ulb{gyL .

x]8df:6/sL 5f]/L ldof]–rfgn] l/of]–rfgnfO{ ;aeGbf /fd|f];Fu

lrGyL . p;sf cfFvf cfF;'n] el/Psf lyP . æcfˆgf] Vofn /fVg'

x}, l/of]–rfg Û xfdL lr7L n]vf}+ x} ÛÆ

tf]Qf]–rfgsf] t eÌ] s'/f slt lyof] eg] sxfFaf6 s;/L z'¿

ug]{ g} p;nfO{ yfxf ePg . To;}n] p;n] olt dfq egL ætkfO{+

uO;s]kl5 klg lbglbg} xfdL lrof kf6L{ ul//fV5f}+ .Æ

x]8df:6/ xfF;], l/of]–rfg klg xfF;] . tf]Qf]–rfg cfkm}+ klg

xfF;L .

t/ tf]Qf]–rfgn] eg]sf] s'/f ef]lnkN6} ;xL ;flat eof] .

;do x'g] lalQs} s]6fs]6Lx¿ ;d"x agfP/ …lrof kf6L{Ú v]Ng

yfNy] . l:Sj8sf] ;'s'6Lsf] ;§fdf pgLx¿ ¿vsf] af]qmf h:tf]

s]xL r':y], clg lrofsf] ;§fdf kfgLsf] r':sL lnGy]— s'g} j]nf

Tof] ;fs] ePsf] axfgf uy]{ . s;}n] æd ltdLx¿nfO{ >f4sf]

df]df] NofOlbG5'Æ eGYof], clg pgLx¿ ;a} xfF:y] . clg pgLx¿

cf–cfˆgf ljrf/ cfbfgk|bfg ub}{ ukm uy]{ . vfgnfO{ s]xL geP

klg …lrof kf6L{Ú /dfOnf] x'GYof] .

…lrof kf6L{Ú l/of]–rfgn] aRrfx¿nfO{ 5f]8]sf] uHhasf] labfO

pkxf/ aGof] . To;j]nf pgLx¿nfO{ k6Ss} yfxf lyPg– cf–cfˆgf]

af6f] nfUg'cl3 tf]df]Pdf pgLx¿n] v]n]sf] Tof] clGtd v]n lyof] .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 179 –

l/of]–rfg tf]of]sf] 6«]gdf uP . pgsf] k|:yfg / cd]l/sL

xjfOhxfhsf] cfudg Pp6} ;dodf eof] . cflv/ tL 6f]lsof]sf]

cfsfzdf b]vf kl/5f8] / x/]s lbg ad a;f{pg yfn] .

;fof]gf/f, ;fof]gf/f Û

tf]df]P hNof] . /flt 36\of] of] 36gf . ldof]–rfg, p;sL

alxgL ld;f–rfg / pgLx¿sL cfdf— hf] :s"n;Fu} hf]l8Psf]

3/df a:y]— sf]x'Ga'Rr' dlGb/sf] kf]v/L 5]psf] v]tdf efu]/

afFr] .

aL–@( aDa/x¿n] v;fn]sf y'k|} cfUg]o ad Snf;?d ag]sf

/]nsf l8Aafdf v;] .

x]8df:6/sf] ;kgf ag]sf] :s"n cfuf]df 5f]lkof] . pgnfO{

Toltla£g dg kg]{ aRrfx¿sf] xfF;]sf], ufPsf] cfjfhsf] 7fpFdf

8/nfUbf] cfjfhsf ;fy :s"n hln/x]sf] lyof] . lgefpg} g;lsg]

cfuf]n] o;nfO{ e'O{+;Dd} ;vfk kf¥of] . lho'ufcf]sf e/L htftt}

cfuf]sf nKsf p7] .

of] ;asf] aLrdf x]8df:6/ pleP/ tf]df]P hln/x]sf] x]l//x] .

;w}+ h:t} pgn] k'/fgf] y|L–kL; ;"6 nufPsf lyP . pgsf] xft

sf]6sf] vNtLdf lyof] .

æca xfdLn] s:tf] :s"n agfpg] xf]nf <Æ pgn] ljZjljBfnodf

k9\g] cfˆgf] 5f]/f tf]df]PnfO{ ;f]w] . pm pgsf] 5]pdf pleO/x]sf]

lyof] . tf]df]Pn] pgsf] s'/f r"krfk ;'gL dfq} /Xof] .

tf]Qf]–rfg Pp6f /fxt 6«]gsf] l8Aafdf 7"nf dflg;x¿sf]

aLrdf RoflkP/ ;'t]sL lyO{ . Tof] 6«]g pQ/k"j{ nfUb} lyof] .

´ofnaf6 aflx/sf] cGwsf/nfO{ x]l//xFbf x]8df:6/sf labfOsf

zAbx¿ ;lD‰/x]sL lyO{— æxfd|f] km]l/ e]6 x'G5 .Æ clg p;nfO{

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 180 –

af/Daf/ pgn] eÌ] u/]sf tL zAbsf] klg ;D‰gf eO/Xof]—

æltdL ;fFRr}sL c;n s]6L xf}, yfxf 5 ltdLnfO{ ÛÆ tL zAbx¿nfO{

lal;{g} rflxg p;n] . l56} g} sf]afofzL ;/nfO{ km]l/ e]6\5' eÌ]

ljZjf;df 9'Ss x'Fb} pm lgbfO{ .

Tof] cGwsf/df lrlGtt ofq'x¿nfO{ af]s]/ 6«]g 5s–5s ub}{

a9\of] .

n]lv;s]kl5

tf]df]P gfdsf] Tof] :s"n / To;nfO{ :yfkgf u/]/ rnfpg]

;f];fsf] sf]afofzL eÌ] dflg;sf af/]df n]Vg] rfxgf d]/f]

lhGbuLsf] ;aeGbf 7"nf] wf]sf] lyof] / nfdf] ;dob]lv d]/f] dgdf

/x]sf] lyof] .

of] lstfadf j0f{g ul/Psf s'g} klg 36gf d}n] cfkm}+ /r]sf]

5}g . tL ;a} g} jf:tljs x'g\ . wGo, d}n] w]/}h;f] ;D‰]s}

/lx5' . tL 36gfnfO{ n]Vg] rfxgf t 5Fb} lyof], d]/f] 6'6]sf]

k|0fnfO{ d/Ddt ug{ klg d cft'/ lyPF . Pp6f cWofodf d}n]

j0f{g u/] ‰}+, Pp6L aRrLsf ¿kdf d}n] sf]afofzL ;/;Fu uDeL/

eP/ k|0f u/]sL lyPF— 7"nL ePkl5 tf]df]Pdf k9fpF5' eg]/ . t/

of] d}n] k"/f ug{ g;Sg] k|0f lyof] . a? sf]afofzL ;/ s:tf]

x'g'x'GYof], aRrfx¿k|lt pxfFsf] Tof] dxfg\ k|]d s:tf] lyof] /

s;/L pgLx¿nfO{ lzIff lbg] sfddf nfUg'eof] eg]/ ;s] hlt

w]/} dflg;nfO{ atfpg] sf]lzzdf d nfu]sL 5' .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 181 –

sf]afofzL ;/ ;g\ !(^# df ljTg'eof] . pxfF hLljt} ePsf]

eP dnfO{ c¿ w]/} s'/f atfpg' x'g]lyof] xf]nf . clxn] of]

n]lv/x]sf] j]nf klg d a'´b}5'— d]/f nflu afNosfnsf /dfOnf

;D‰gf h:tf dfq} nfUg] 36gf jf:tjdf pxfFsf ;'ljrfl/t /

;f]2]Zo ultljlw lyP . æP, p;f] eP sf]afofzL ;/sf] dgdf

o:tf] /x]5Æ— cr]n o:tf] ;f]lr/x]sL kfpF5' d cfkm}+nfO{ . cyjf

æcf]xf], Tolt;Dd klg ;f]Rg Eofpg'ePsf] /x]5 xlu pxfFn]Æ eÌ]

nfU5 . x/]s k6s s]xL gofF s'/f cfTd;ft\ ubf{ d cfZro{rlst,

efjljXjn / s[t1 x'G5' .

pxfFn] d]/f] p4f/sf nflu eÌ] u/]sf] Tof] æltdL ;fFRr} c;n

s]6L xf}, yfxf 5 <Æ eGg] jfSosf] d]/f] JolQmTj lgdf{0fdf slt

7"nf] dxŒj lyof], Tof] t d cfsng ug}{ ;lSbgF . tf]df]Pdf k|j]z

gu/]sL / sf]afofzL ;/nfO{ ge]6]sL eP ;DejtM d …v/fa

s]6LÚ df ulgGy]+ xf]nf, dgf]u|lGyn] el/PsL / c:ki6 .

!($% sf] adaf/Ldf tf]df]P cfuf]n] Wj:t ePsf] lyof] .

sf]afofzL ;/n] cfˆg} vr{n] Tof] :s"n agfpg'ePsf] lyof], To;}n]

To;sf] k'glg{df{0f ug{ w]/} ;do nfUof] . o'4kl5 pxfFn] k'/fgf]

:yndf lsG8/uf6]{g z'¿ ug'{eof] . clg clxn]sf] s'lgtfrL ;+uLt

dxfljBfnosf] afn–lzIff ljefu agfpg klg ToxL j]nf ;xof]u

ug'{eof] . pxfFn] ToxfF klg o'l/lßS; k9fpg'eof] / s'lgtfrL

k|fylds :s"n :yfkgfdf ;xof]u ug'{eof] . cfˆgf] cfbz{ cg'¿ksf]

:s"n km]l/ Psrf]l6 :yfkgf ug'{cl3 g} pgfG;Q/L jif{sf] pd]/df

pxfF laTg'eof] .

tf]df]P ufs'Pg\ 6f]lsof]sf] blIf0f–klZrddf lyof]— tf]of]sf]

nfOgsf] lho'ufcf]sf :6]zgaf6 tLg ldg]6 k/ . Tof] 7fpFdf

clxn] lkss dfs]{6 / kfls{ª:yn 5 . ToxfF ca k'/fgf] :s"n

/ To;sf] d}bfg afFsL 5}g eÌ] yfxf eP klg k'/fgf] ;D‰gfs}

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 182 –

sf/0f Ps lbg d ToxfF k'u]sL lyPF . kfls{ª:yndf d}n] uf8Lsf]

ult lwdf kf/]+— ToxfF klxn] :s"nsf] d}bfg / Snf; rNg] /]nsf

l8Aafx¿ lyP . kfls{ª x]l//x]sf] dflg;n] d]/f] uf8L b]Vof] /

s/fof]— æ7fpF 5}g, tkfO{+ gcfP x'G5 ÛÆ

dnfO{ eÌ dg nfUof]– æd}n] kfls{ª ug{ vf]h]sf] xf]Og, d

t k'/fgf] ;D‰gfnfO{ Ao'Ftfpg dfq} vf]lh/x]sL 5' .Æ t/ p;n] of]

s'/f a'´g] lyPg . d ;/f;/ cl3 a9]+ . t/ uf8LnfO{ cl3lNt/

x'FOSofpFbf dnfO{ pbf;Ln] 5f]Kof] / d]/f] ufnfaf6 cfF;' aUof] .

dnfO{ yfxf 5, ;+;f/el/ c;n lzIffljb\x¿ 5g\ . pRr

cfbz{ / s]6fs]6Lk|lt 7"nf] k|]d ePsf dflg; 5g\, hf] gd"gf

:s"n agfpg] ;kgf b]V5g\ . / of] ;kgf ;fsf/ kfg{ slt ufx|f]

5 eÌ] klg dnfO{ yfxf 5 . !(#& df tf]df]P z'¿ ug'{cl3

sf]afofzL ;/n] jiff}{+;Dd cWoog ug'{ePsf] lyof] . !($% df of]

hn]/ v/fgL eof] . cToGt 5f]6f] lyof] To;sf] cfo' .

dnfO{ nfU5, d ToxfF ePsf] j]nf sf]afofzL ;/sf] pT;fx

cfˆgf] pFrfOdf lyof] / pxfFsf of]hgfx¿ kmlqm/x]sf lyP . n8fO{+

gePsf] eP slt w]/} s]6fs]6Ln] pxfFsf] dfof kfpFy] eÌ] ha

;f]R5', d]/f] d'6' s6Ss b'V5 .

d}n] of] lstfadf sf]afofzL ;/sf] lzIf0fljlwsf] j0f{g ug]{

sf]lzz u/]sL 5' . pxfFsf] ljZjf; lyof]— x/]s aRrf g};lu{s

¿kd} c;n :jefj lnP/ hlGdPsf] x'G5 . t/ jftfj/0f /

7"nf dflg;sf] unt k|efjsf sf/0f Tof] ;lhn} lalu|g ;S5 .

pxfFsf] p2]Zo Tof] c;n :jefjnfO{ phfu/ ug'{ / To;sf]

ljsf; ug'{x'GYof], h;n] ubf{ aRrfx¿ j}olQmstfsf ;fy x'ls{g

;s"g\ . sf]afofzL ;/ :jfefljstfnfO{ dxŒj lbg'x'GYof] /

aRrfx¿sf] cfr/0fnfO{ hlt;Sbf] k|fs[lts 9Ën] ljsf; x'g lbg

vf]Hg'x'GYof] . pxfFsf] k|s[lt;Fu ulx/f] k|]d lyof] . pxfFsL sfG5L

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 183 –

5f]/L ldof]–rfgn] dnfO{ eGyL, pm ;fgf] 5Fbf æn lx+8, xfdL

k|s[ltsf] nonfO{ x]g{ hfpFmÆ eg]/ p;nfO{ 3'Dg nfg'x'GYof] /] Û

s'g} a8]dfgsf] ¿v 5]p nu]/ To;sf xfFufla+uf / kft s;/L

xfjfdf xlNn/x]sf 5g\ eg]/ b]vfpg'x'GYof] /] Û kft, xfFuf /

¿vaLrsf] ;DaGwsf af/]df s'/f ug'{x'GYof] /], clg ;fgf] atf;

/ 7"nf] x'/Ldf kftsf] rfn km/s x'G5 eg]/ atfpg'x'GYof] /] Û

r"krfk pleP/ pgLx¿ o:tf s'/f x]y]{ /], / xfjf grn]sf] j]nf

dfl:t/ kms]{/ atf;sf] ;fgf] eGbf ;fgf] rfnsf] k|tLIff uy]{ /] Û

xfjf dfq} xf]Og, pgLx¿ gbLnfO{ klg lgofNy] /] Û tfdf vf]nfdf

uP/ alu/x]sf] kfgLnfO{ x]y]{ /] Û pm eGyL, o:tf s'/fdf ;do

lb+bf pgLx¿ slxNo} yfSb}gy] /] Û

n8fO{+sf] j]nfdf klg Tolt :jtGq jftfj/0fdf k9fO x'g]

gf}nf] k|fylds :s"nnfO{ hfkfgL ;/sf/n] s;/L :jLs[lt lbof]

xf]nf eÌ] kf7sx¿nfO{ nfUg ;S5 . sf]afofzL ;/ k|rf/ ug{

dg k/fpg'x'ÌYof] . n8fO{+ z'¿ x'g'cl3 klg pxfF :s"nsf] kmf]6f]

lvRg lbg'x'ÌYof] / :s"nsf] gf}nf]kgsf af/]df k|rf/k|;f/ ug{

lbg' x'Gy]g . To;n] ubf{ klg Tof] krf;hgf ljBfyL{ dfq ePsf]

:s"n cfFvf nfUgaf6 hf]luPsf] x'g;S5 . csf]{ s'/f s] klg lyof]

eg] afnlzIffljb\sf ¿kdf lzIff dGqfnodf sf]afofzL ;/sf]

7"nf] OHht lyof] .

x/]s jif{ gf]e]Da/ # tfl/vsf lbg — clxn] :d[ltdf dfq

/x]sf] Tof] cg'kd v]n lbj;sf] lbg — tf]df]P :s"nsf k'/fgf

ljBfyL{x¿ s'xf]ga'Rr' dlGb/sf] Pp6f sf]7fdf k'gld{ngsf lglDt

hDdf x'G5g\ — h'g ;fndf kf; ePsf eP klg . clxn] -;g\

!(*) lt/_ xfdL ;a} h;f] rfnL;sf] bzsdf 5f}+– sf]xL–sf]xL

t c‰} krf; g} k'lu;s] — t}klg Pscsf{nfO{ pmj]nf h:t} k'/fg}

cgf}krfl/s gfdn] ;Daf]wg u5f}{+ . sf]afofzL ;/n] xfdLnfO{

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 184 –

5f]8]/ hfg'ePsf w]/} k/Dk/fx¿dWo] of] jflif{s k'gld{ng klg

Pp6f ePsf] 5 .

d d]/f] klxnf] k|fylds :s"naf6 lgsflnPsf] ;fFRr} xf] .

Tof] :s"nsf] af/]df d w]/} ;lD‰Ì . ;8s–snfsf/x¿ / 8]:ssf]

af/]df dnfO{ d]/L cfdfn] atfpg'ePsf] xf] . dnfO{ To;/L

lgsflnPsf] xf]nf eg]/ ljZjf; ug{ dnfO{ ufx|f] k¥of] . d

Tolt ;f/f] rsrs] lyPF xf]nf / < t/ Tof] j]nfb]lv g} dnfO{

lrÌ] Pshgf JolQm;Fu kfFr jif{ cufl8 laxfg Pp6f 6]lnlehg

sfo{qmddf d]/f] kl/ro eof] . pxfF d;Fu}sf] csf]{ Snf;sL Snf;

6Lr/ x'g'x'Fbf]/x]5 . pxfFn] dnfO{ atfPsf s'/fx¿n] d cjfs\

ePF .

æltdL xfd|f];Fu} hf]l8Psf] sIffdf x'GYof}Æ pxfFn] eÌ'ef] —

æSnf; rln/x]sf] j]nfdf d ˆofsN6L–?ddf hfg' k¥of] eg]

hlxn] klg ltdLnfO{ sl/8f]/df pleO/x]sL e]6\y]+ — s]xL g s]xL

abdf;Lsf lglDt ltdLnfO{ bl08t ul/Psf] x'GYof] . d Tof] af6f]

eP/ hfFbf ltdL hlxn] klg dnfO{ /f]SYof} / s]sf lglDt ltdLnfO{

;hfo lbOPsf] xf] atfpFYof}, cfkm"n] u/]sf sfdsf] a]lnlj:tf/

nufpFYof} . ætkfO{+nfO{ ;8s ufosx¿ dg kb}{g <Æ Psrf]l6

ltdLn] dnfO{ ;f]Wof} . ltdLnfO{ s] eÌ] dnfO{ yfxf x'Fb}gYof] . kl5

ˆofsN6L ?dd} hfg' k/] klg klxn] d lrofP/ x]y]{+, / ltdL 5f}

eg] a? d hfFb} hfÌy]+ . ltd|L Snf;–6Lr/n] j]nf–j]nfdf d;Fu

ltd|f]af/] s'/f ug'{x'GYof]– æof] s]6L lsg o:tL efÚsL ÛÆ eg]/ .

To;}n] ubf{, ha ltdL 6]lnlehgdf b]vfk¥of}, d}n] ltd|f] gfd

7DofOxfn]+ . plxNo}sf] s'/f eP klg ltdL klxnf] sIffdf x'Fbfsf]

s'/f d ;a} ;D‰G5' .Æ

p;f] eP dnfO{ aflx/ sl/8f]/df pEofOGYof] < Tof] d}n]

;D‰]sL lyOg . ;'Gbf dnfO{ crDd nfUof] . skfn km'Ng

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 185 –

yfln;s]sL t/ cg'xf/df c‰} of}jg ‰lNsg] bofn' cg'xf/ ePsL

oL lzlIfsfn] Psflaxfg} 6]lnlehg zf]df cfpg] si6 p7fpg'ePsf]

lyof] . / pxfFn] dnfO{ a'‰fpg'eof] — d ;fFRr} g} :s"naf6

lgsflnPsL /x]5' .

oxfFg]/ d d]/L cfdfk|lt xflb{s s[t1tf JoQm ug{ rfxG5'—

pxfFn] d aL; jif{ gk'u'Gh]n slxNo} of] s'/f dnfO{ atfpg'

ePg .

æltd|f] :s"n lsg km]l//xg' k/]sf], yfxf 5 <Æ Ps lbg pxfFn]

dnfO{ ;f]Wg'eof] . d}n] yfxf 5}g eg]kl5 Psbd ;xhtfk"j{s

cfdfn] eÌ' ef]— æltdL :s"naf6 lgsflnPsL lyof} .Æ

æs] x'g] xf]nf ca t]/f] < :s"naf6 lgsflNbO{ ;s] . ca csf]{

:s"naf6 klg lgsflnlbP eg] s] u5]{;\ <Æ — eg]/ klg t eGg

;Sg'x'GYof] lg t Û

cfdfn] dnfO{ To;f] eÌ'ePsf] eP tf]df]P ufs'Pgsf] u]6af6

klxnf] lbg k:bf g} slt ge{;\ x'Gy]+ xf]nf d Û dnfO{ slt

b'MvnfUbf] xf] Û h/f ePsf] Tof] …9f]sfÚ / tL /]nsf l8Aafdf

rn]sf Snf;x¿ kSs} klg Tolt /dfOnf nfUg] lyPgg\ . slt

efUodfgL d– d]/L h:tL cfdf kfPF Û

n8fO{+sf] j]nfdf tf]df]Pdf Hofb} yf]/} dfq kmf]6f] lvlrP .

tLdWo] Uo|fh'Pzgsf] j]nfsf kmf]6f]x¿ ;aeGbf /fd|f 5g\ . kf;

ePsf] Snf;n] ;fdfGotof P;]DAnL xnsf] cufl8sf v'8\lsnfx¿df

kmf]6f] lvrfpFy] . t/ pgLx¿n] æcfp g kmf]6f] lvrf}+ ÛÆ eg]kl5

c¿ s]6fs]6L klg pleOg k'Uy] . To;}n], clxn] tL t:jL/x¿

x]/]/ kf; ePsf] rflx+ s'g Snf; xf] eÌ c;Dej 5 . xfd|f]

k'gld{ngsf j]nf hlxn] klg of] s'/f hf]8tf]8n] lg:sG5 . t:jL/

lng] j]nfdf sf]afofzL ;/ s]xL af]Ng'x'ÌYof] . Uo|fh'Pzgsf]

cf}krfl/s t:jL/ lng'eGbf ;a}hgf ldl;Psf] hLjGt t:jL/ g}

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 186 –

lng' /fd|f] eÌ] pxfFnfO{ nfUbf] xf] . clxn] tL t:jL/x¿ x]bf{ nfU5

ltgn] ;fFRr} g} tf]df]Psf] k|ltlglwTj u/]sf 5g\ .

tf]df]Psf af/]df c¿ w]/} s'/f d n]Vg ;Sy]+ xf]nf . t/–

7"nf dflg;sf] plrt ;flÌWo / lgb]{zg kfPb]lv tf]Qf]–rfg h:tL

km'RrL klg ;a};Fu ldNg ;Sg] JolQm aÌ ;SbL/lx5— eÌ] s'/f

dfq o;af6 cfTd;ft\ u/fpg ;s]+ eg] klg d ;Gt'i6 x'g]5' .

d s] s'/fdf b[9 ljZj:t 5' eg] tf]df]P h:tf :s"n cfh

klg x'Fbf x'g\ t cr]n lbgx'F ;'lgg] u/]sf] h:tf] lx+;fsf 36gfx¿

kSs} klg sd x'g]lyP . :s"n 5f]8\g] ljBfyL{ yf]/} x'g]lyP .

tf]df]Pdf :s"n 5'§L eO;s]kl5 klg sf]xL klg 3/ kms{g

rfxFb}gYof] . clg laxfg x'g] lalQs} sltv]/ :s"n k'uF' h:tf]

x'GYof] . To:tf] :s"n lyof], Tof] .

o:tf] :s"n agfpg] b"/b[li6 / k|]/0ff ePsf ;f];fs' sf]afofzL

!* h"g, !*(# df 6f]lsof]sf] pQ/klZrdsf] ufpFdf hlGdg'ePsf]

lyof] . aRr}b]lv k|s[lt / ;+uLtdf pxfF r'n'{Dd 8'Ag'x'GYof] .

pxfFsf] 3/ glhs} Pp6f vf]nf lyof] . clg clnk/ xf?gf

kj{t b]lvGYof] . afNosfndf Tof] vf]nfsf] tL/df pleP/ sNkgf

ug'{x'GYof] . snsn alu/x]sf] kfgL cs]{i6«fsf] ;+uLt aGYof] Tof]

afnsNkgfdf / cfkm}+ eg] ;+uLt–lgb]{zs .

Pp6f u/La ls;fg kl/jf/df ^ hgf s]6fs]6LdWo] pxfF

sfG5f] x'g'x'GYof] . k|fylds :s"n l;l4g] lalQs} ;xfos lzIfssf

¿kdf sfd ug{ afWo x'g'ePsf] lyof] . t/ Tof] sfd ug{ rflxg]

k|df0fkq kfpg' eg]sf] klg Tof] pd]/sf] s]6f]sf] lglDt ;lhnf]

lyPg— pxfF d]wfjL gePsf] eP Tof] ;Dej lyPg . l56} pxfFn]

6f]lsof]sf] Pp6f k|fylds :s"ndf sfd kfpg'eof] . ToxfF k9fpFb}

ubf{ pxfFn] ;+uLtsf] cWoog klg ug'{eof]— h;n] pxfFsf] ;kgf

;fsf/ kfg{ ;3fof] . p j]nf hfkfgsf] ;aeGbf cu|k+lQmdf /x]sf]

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 187 –

;+uLt sGhe]{6/L— ;+uLt lzIff ljefudf pxfF k|j]z ug'{eof] .

clxn] Tof] 6f]lsof] nlntsnf tyf ;+uLt ljZjljBfno ePsf]

5 . ToxfFaf6 Uo|fh'P6 ePkl5 pxfF ;]OsL k|fylds :s"ndf ;+uLt

k|lzIfs x'g'eof] . s]6fs]6Lsf] lglDt k|fylds lzIff ;jf{lws

dxŒjk"0f{ s'/f xf] eÌ] s'/fdf ljZjf; ug]{ xf?hL gfsfd'/f

gfdsf ljnIf0f JolQmn] vf]n]sf lyP Tof] :s"n . pgL aRrfx¿sf]

j}olQmstfnfO{ phfu/ ug{ / cfTd;DdfgnfO{ a9fjf lbgsf

lglDt kf7\oqmdnfO{ ;Sbf] :jtGq /fVg'k5{ egL jsfnt uy]{ /

sIffx¿sf] cfsf/ ;fgf] /fVy] . x/]s lbg ck/fXg ljBfyL{ aflx/

3'Dg hfg], af]6 la?jf ;+sng ug]{, lrq agfpg], uLt ufpg] /

x]8df:6/sf k|jrg ;'Ì] h:tf s'/fdf JotLt uy]{ . sf]afofzL

;/ pgsf] t/Lsfaf6 w]/} g} k|efljt x'g'x'GYof] . To;}n] tf]df]Pdf

klg To:t} kf7\oqmd nfu" ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

ToxfF ;+uLt k|lzIf0f ul//x]sf] j]nfdf pxfFn] aRrfx¿sf

lglDt Pp6f afn–cf]k]/fsf] /rgf ug'{ePsf] lyof] . Tof] afn–cf]k]/f

x]/]kl5 pBf]uklt af/f]g Ojf;fsL lgs} k|efljt ePsf lyP .

pgs} kl/jf/n] xf] ljzfn ldRr'lazL Joj;fosf] :yfkgf u/]sf] .

af/f]g Ojf;fsL snfsf ;+/Ifs lyP . hfkfgL ;+uLt /rlotfx¿sf

ysfnL sf]Zofs ofdfbfnfO{ ;3fPsf lyP / :s"nnfO{ klg ;xof]u

u/]sf lyP . ltg} af/f]gn] g} xf] sf]afofzL ;/nfO{ lzIf0fljlw

l;Sg o"/f]k k7fPsf . ;g\ !(@@ b]lv !(@$ ;Dd Pldn hfs\–

bfNqmf]h;Fu k]l/;df o'l/lßS; l;s]/ / ljleÌ :s"nx¿sf] e|d0f

u/]/ sf]afofzL ;/n] o"/f]kdf b'O{ jif{ ljtfpg'eof] . kms]{kl5

csf{] dflg;;Fu ldn]/ pxfFn] ;]Ohf] lsG8/uf6]{g vf]Ng'eof] .

lsG8/uf6]{gsf lzIfs–lzlIfsfx¿nfO{ sf]afofzL ;/ eÌ'x'GYof]—

k'/fgf] 9/f{df aRrfx¿nfO{ 9fNg] k|oTg gug'{;\ . æk|s[ltsf] xftdf

5f]l8lbg';\ pgLx¿nfO{ . pgLx¿sf cfsf+IffnfO{ s'l07t kfg]{ sfd

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 188 –

gug'{;\ . pgLx¿sf ;kgf tkfO{+sf eGbf 7"nf 5g\ .Æ hfkfgdf

slxNo} To:tf] lsG8/uf6]{g ag]sf] lyPg .

bfNqmf]h;Fu km]l/ Ps jif{ cWoog ug{ eg]/ ;g\ !(#) df

pxfF o"/f]ktkm{ nfUg'eof] . ljleÌ 7fpFsf] e|d0f / lg/LIf0fkl5,

hfkfg kms]{/ cfˆg} :s"n z'¿ ug]{ lg0f{o ug'{eof] .

;g\ !(#& df tf]df]P ufs'Pg z'¿ ug'{sf] ;fy} pxfFn]

hfkfg o'l/lßS; P;f]l;P;gsf] klg :yfkgf ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

pxfFnfO{ ;D‰Fbf w]/}h;f] dflg;x¿ hfkfgdf o'l/lßS;sf] k|j]z

u/fpg] JolQmsf ¿kdf / o'4kl5sf] cjlwdf s'lgtfrL ;+uLt

dxfljBfnodf pxfFsf] of]ubfgsf] ;Gbe{df ;lD‰G5g\ . pxfFsf]

lzIf0fljlwsf] k|ToIf cg'ej ug{ kfPsf xfdL h:tf dflg;x¿

cToGt yf]/} 5f}+ . tf]df]P h:tf] csf]{ :s"n agfpg gkfO{ pxfFsf]

b]xfGt x'g' Pp6f qf;bL lyof] . tf]df]P hln/x]sf j]nf klg

pxfFsf] ;kgfdf csf]{ :s"nsf] lgdf{0f eO/x]sf] lyof] . jl/kl/sf]

Tof] eofjx sf]nfxnsf aLr klg pT;fxn] el/P/ pxfF ;f]Wb}

x'g'x'GYof]— æca csf]{ :s"n s:tf] agfpg] xf]nf <Æ

…t]Rr'sf] sIfÚ gfdsf] d]/f] sfo{qmdsf lgdf{tf;Fu d}n] sfd

ug{ yfn]sf] jiff}{+ eO;s]sf] lyof] . of] lstfa n]Vg yfn]kl5 kf]

yfxf kfPF pxfF t ljut Ps bzsb]lv sf]afofzL ;/sf] af/]df

cg';Gwfg ul//x]sf] x'g'x'Fbf]/x]5 . d 5Ss k/]+ . tL lzIffljb\nfO{

pxfFn] cfkm}+ e]6\g'ePsf] lyPg . aRrfx¿sf] o'l/lßS; Snf;df

lkofgf] ahfpg] Pp6L dlxnfsf sf/0f ;/k|lt sf}t"xn hfu]sf]

/x]5 . tL dlxnfn] ev{/} o'l/lßS;df sfd ug{ yfNbf pgsf]

rfnnfO{ ;RofpFb} sf]afofzL ;/n] eÌ'ePsf] lyof] /]— æyfxf 5

tkfO{+nfO{ < aRrfx¿ To;/L lx+8\b}gg\ .Æ pxfF s]6fs]6Lsf af/]df

olt w]/} hfÌ'x'GYof] ls pgLx¿ s;/L ;f; km]5{g\ / rN5g\

eÌ];Dd yfxf x'GYof] . ;+;f/nfO{ oL cb\e't JolQmsf af/]df w]/}

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 189 –

s'/f atfpgsf lglDt d]/f] sfo{qmdsf lgdf{tf sf?xLsf] ;fgf]n]

cfˆgf] k':ts l56} n]lv;Sg'xf]nf eÌ] cfzf ul//x]sL 5' .

aL; jif{cl3 dlxnfx¿sf] Pp6f klqsfdf d}n] tf]df]Psf]

af/]df n]v]sL lyPF . sf]bfG;fsf Pshgf xf]gxf/ o'jf Jofj;flos

;Dkfbssf] To;df cfFvf k/]sf] /x]5 . sfuhsf] y'k|} rfª lnP/

pxfF dnfO{ e]6\g cfpg'ef] / d}n] n]v]sf] ljifoj:t'nfO{ Pp6f

k':tsfsf/df lj:tf/ ug{ cfu|x ug'{ef] . d}n] eg] tL sfuhnfO{

c¿ g} s'/fdf k|of]u u/]+ . clxn] dnfO{ cfTdUnflg x'G5 .

pxfFsf] ljrf/ ;fsf/ x'g'cl3 g} pxfF lgb]{zs aÌ' ef] . t/

pxL sfRr'lx;f sftf] x'g'x'G5 h;n] dnfO{ of] sfd ug]{ a'l4

dfq} xf]Og cfTdljZjf; klg lbg'eof] . Toltj]nf;Dd vf;} s]xL

gn]v]sf]n] l;+u} lstfa n]Vg] s'/f c;fWo} ufx|f] sfd h:tf] nfUYof]

dnfO{ . cflv/df sf]bfzfsf] …t?0fLÚ klqsfdf wf/fjflxs n]vsf

¿kdf d n]Vg yfn]+ . of] sfd !(&( sf] km]a|'c/Lb]lv !(*)

sf] l8;]Da/;Dd rNof] .

x/]s dxLgf d 6f]lsof]sf] lrlx/f] Ojf;fsL Do'lhoddf hfGy]+

/ n]vsf lglDt pko'Qm t:jL/ vf]Hy]+ . aRrfx¿sf] lrq0f ug{df

lrlx/f] Ojf;fsL ljnIf0f k|ltef x'g'x'GYof] . aRrfx¿sf] hLjGt

lrq0f ug{ pxfF hlQsf] ;Ifd c¿ sf]xL of] ;+;f/d} xf]nf ls

gxf]nf, dnfO{ zÍ} nfU5 . aRrfx¿sf ;x;| efjelËdfnfO{

pxfF lrlqt ug{ ;Sg'x'GYof] . ^ dxLgf / ( dxLgfsf] aRrfsf

aLrdf ;d]t leÌtf b]vfpg ;Sg'x'GYof] . d]/f] k':tsdf pxfFsf

lrqx¿ k|of]u ug{ kfPsf]df d slt v'zL 5' eÌ] s'/f tkfO{+nfO{

cleJoQm ug{ ;lSbg . pxfFsf lrqx¿ d]/f] n]vgdf s;/L 7\ofSs

ldn]sf xf]nfg\, cfZro{ nfU5 . pxfF !(&$ df laTg'eof] . t/

pxfF hLljt 5Fb} d}n] of] lstfa n]Vg z'¿ u/]sf] xf] ls eg]/

dflg;x¿ dnfO{ ;f]lw/xG5g\ . o;}n] b]vfpF5 pxfFsf lrqx¿

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 190 –

hLjgsf] slt glhs 5g\ / sltlj£g ljljwtfsf ;fy pxfF

aRrfx¿sf] lrq0f ug'{x'Fbf]/x]5 eÌ] s'/f .

lrlx/f] Ojf;fsLn] ‰08} ;ft xhf/ hlt lrqx¿ 5f]8]/

hfg'ePsf] 5 . pxfFsf 5f]/f–a'xf/Lsf] s[kfn] ubf{ tLdWo] w]/}

lrqx¿sf] cf]l/lhgn skL g} x]g]{ ;f}efUo d}n] kfPsL 5' . pxfFsf

5f]/f Tof] Do'lhodsf ;xfos So'/]6/ x'g'x'G5 . pxfFsf s[ltx¿nfO{

k':tsdf k|of]u ug]{ cg'dltsf nflu pxfFsf klt k|lt d cfef/

k|s6 ub{5' . xfn d klg 6«i6L x'g k'u]sL Tof] Do'lhodsf So'/]6/

/ k6syfsf/ tfbfz' O{hfjf k|lt klg d plQs} cfef/L 5'— d}n]

l9nfO ul//x]sf] j]nf of] k':ts z'¿ ug{ pxfFn] nuftf/ xf};nf

lbO/xg'eof] .

ldof]–rfg / tf]df]Psf d]/f ;Dk"0f{ ;fyLx¿af6 lgZro

g} d}n] 7"nf] d2t kfPF . hfkfgL ;+:s/0fsf d]/f ;Dkfbs

lssf] Odf]tf] k|lt klg d x[bob]lv g} s[t1 5' hf] æxfdLn] of]

lstfanfO{ cAan agfpg'k5{Æ eg]/ elg/xg'x'GYof] .

s]xL jif{cl3 Pstfsf hfkfgdf Pp6f cleJolQm rNtLdf

lyof] . sf]xL …´ofndflyÚ x'g'sf] cy{ x'GYof] aflx/ rL;f]df

ldlNsOg' jf ´ofnsf vfkfx¿ ‰}+ sAhfdf ‰'lG8g' . d cfˆg}

dhL{n] tL ;8s ufosx¿nfO{ x]g{ egL ´ofn5]p pleg] u/]sL

eP klg Tof] klxnf] :s"ndf ;fFRr} g} …´ofn dflyÚ ePsf] cg'ej

uy]{+— PSnL / aflx/ rL;f]df ldNsfOPsL . Tof] zLif{sdf of]

s'/fsf] cfef; 5, / Pp6f csf]{ yk s'/fsf] klg— v'zLsf] Tof]

´ofn hf] d]/flglDt cflv/ tf]df]Pdf v'Nof] .

clxn] tf]df]P /x]g . t/ of] lstfa kl9/x]sf] j]nf 5f]6f]

cjlwsf lglDt dfq} eP klg tkfO{+sf] sNkgfdf Tof] hLljt /Xof]

eg], d]/f]lglDt Tof]eGbf a9L v'zLsf] s'/f c¿ s]xL x'g] 5}g .

of] lstfa klxnf] k6s hfkfgLdf 5flkPb]lv clxn] c+u|]hLdf

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 191 –

b]vf kbf{;Ddsf jif{x¿df w]/} 36gfx¿ 3l6;s]sf 5g\ . klxnf]

s'/f t s] eof] eg] ck|Toflzt ¿kdf of] lstfa …a]:6 ;]n/Ú

x'g k'Uof] . …;fgL tf]Qf]–rfgÚn] hfkfgL k|sfzgsf] Oltxf; g}

agfof]— Ps jif{leq} $% nfv k|lt las]/ . To;kl5 lzIffzf:qsf]

kf7\ok':tss} ¿kdf of] kl9g yfNbf d 5Ss k/]+ . s'g} j]nf

sf]afofzL ;/ h:tf x]8df:6/ klg x'g'x'GYof] eÌ] s'/f yfxf

kfpg' lzIfsx¿sf lglDt / o'jf cfdfx¿sf lglDt 1fgj4{s

x'g]5 eÌ] t d}n] klg cfzf u/]sL lyPF . t/ of] lstfan] oqf]

k|efj kfnf{ eÌ] rflx+ slxNo} sNkgf;Dd klg u/]sL lyOgF .

cfhsf] lzIffsf] l:yltsf af/]df hfkfgel/sf dflg; slt;Dd

lrlGtt 5g\ eÌ] s'/fsf] Bf]ts klg xf]nf of] .

s]6fs]6Lsf lglDt of] syfsf] lstfa xf] . w]/} kf7ssf kqaf6

s] yfxf eof] eg] lstfaleq 7fpF7fpFdf cK7\of/f zAbx¿sf] k|of]u

ul/Psf] eP tfklg ;ft jif{b]lvsf aRrfx¿n] klg zAbsf]z x]/L

x]/L of] lstfa k9\b} /x]5g\ . o;n] dnfO{ slt v'zL nfu]sf] 5

egL d j0f{g} ug{ ;lSbgF . !)# jif{ k'Ug'ePsf Pshgf hfkfgL

;flxTosf ljåfg\n] n]Vg'eof]— æd}n] cToGt :jfb lnP/ k9]+ .Æ

t/ of]eGbf klg a9L dxŒjsf] s'/f t s] eg] htftt} slds /

lrq–syfx¿sf] laulauL ePsf] j]nf– ha s]6fs]6Lx¿n] zAb t

k9\g} 5f]l8;s] elgg] u/]sf] 5– cK7\of/f zAbx¿sf] cy{ vf]h]/}

klg aRrfx¿n] of] lstfa kl9/x]sf 5g\ .

of] lstfa lgl:sPkl5 rnlrq, 6]lnlehg, gf6s / sf6{"g

lkmNd agfpg] cg]s sDkgLx¿n] of] syfnfO{ cf–cfˆgf dfWoddf

lgdf{0f ug]{ cg'dlt dfu] . t/ olt w]/} dflg;x¿n] of] lstfa

k9]/ dgdf lrq sf]l/;s]sf 5g\ . dnfO{ nfUof], s'g} lgb]{zs

hlt ;'s} d]wfjL eP klg kf7ssf tL sNkgfx¿ eGbf /fd|f] s[lt

pgLx¿sf] x'g] 5}g . To;}n], ;a}nfO{ d}n] kmsf{OlbPF .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 192 –

t/ cs]{i6«fdf o;nfO{ 9fNg] s'/fdf eg] d}n] ;xdlt hgfPF .

lsgeg] ;+uLtn] sNkgfnfO{ :jtGqtf lbG5 . cfˆgf ;'Gb/

;f+uLlts s[ltx¿sf lglDt k|Voft cflslx/f] sf]df]/LnfO{ ;+uLt

/rgf ug{ d}n] cfu|x u/]+ . …tf]Qf]rfg–´ofndf plePsL ;fgL

s]6LÚ gfdsf] Tof] l;Dkmf]gL syfn] cb\e't ;kmntf k|fKt u¥of] .

cfjfh d cfkm}+n] lbPsL lyPF . xfF;f] / cfF;'n] xn u'lGhO/Xof] .

To;sf] /]s8{ klg agfOPsf] 5 .

of] lstfa clxn] cf}krfl/s lzIf0f ;fdu|L klg ag]sf]

5 . lzIff dGqfnosf] :jLs[ltdf csf]{ jif{b]lv …s[lif lzIfsÚ

eÌ] cWofonfO{ t];|f] sIffsf] hfkfgL efiffdf / …yf]qf] :s"nÚ eÌ]

cWofonfO{ rflx+ rf}yf] sIffsf] g}lts lzIffdf /flvg] ePsf]

5 . w]/} lzIfsx¿n] t clxn] g} of] lstfanfO{ cf–cfˆg} tfnn]

pkof]u ul//xg'ePsf] 5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu, lrqsnfsf] sIffdf

lzIfsx¿ s'g} Pp6f cWofo k9]/ ;'gfpg'x'G5, clg ;aeGbf a9L

h'g b[Zon] k|efljt kf¥of], To;}sf] lrq agfpg aRrfx¿nfO{

nufpg'x'G5 /] eÌ] d}n] ;'g]sL 5' . hfkfgdf alx/fx¿sf] klxnf]

Jofj;flos lyP6/ agfpg] d]/f] jiff}{+b]lvsf] ;kgf of] lstfaaf6

kfPsf] /f]oN6Lsf sf/0f ;fsf/ ePsf] 5 . of] s[ltsf lglDt d}n]

u}/ cfVofg k'/:sf/ / c¿ tLg k'/:sf/ kfPsL 5' . ;dfh;]jfsf

lglDt s]xL ;do dfq klxn] d}n] zfxL j;Gt pBfgsf] ef]hdf

lgDtf] kfPsL lyPF . /;fogzf:qsf gf]a]n k'/:sf/ ljhoL

s]g–OrL km's' nufotsf c¿ w]/} uGodfGo JolQmTjx¿ klg

x'g'x'GYof] . To;j]nf ;d|f6;Fu /dfOnf] jftf{nfk ug]{ ;f}efUo

dnfO{ ldn]sf] lyof] . / ut jif{ k|wfgdGqLHo"af6 cGt/f{li6«o

ljsnfË jif{ dgfpgsf lglDt :jLs[lt kfPF . d}n] c;fWo} n]Vg

rfx]sf] of] lstfan] oL ;a} ;'vb\ 36gf Nofof] .

cGTodf, d]/f] lstfanfO{ c+u|]hLdf cg'jfb ul/lbg'ePsf]df

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 193 –

8f]/f]yL la|6f]gnfO{ d x[bob]lv g} wGojfb JoQm ug{ rfxG5' .

o:tL cb\e't cg'jfbs kfpg' d]/f] ;f}efUo xf] . pxfF cfkm}+

Pp6L ;+uLtsf/ / slj klg ePsf] x'Fbf d]/f] s[ltnfO{ no /

;+j]bgzLntf ;lxt c+u|]hLdf 9fNg pxfF ;Ifd x'g'ePsf] 5 / of]

k9\bf ;fFRr} cfgGb nfU5 .

cF, Pp6f csf]{ s'/f 5 . d a|f]8j]sf ;+uLt /rlotf Xof/f]N8

/f]d / pxfFsL n]lvsf kTgL ˆnf]/]G;nfO{ klg wGojfb JoQm ug{

rfxG5' . d}n] klxnf] cWofo dfq} n]lv/x]sf] j]nf pxfFx¿n] dnfO{

c+u|]hLdf klg k|sflzt ug{ xf}:ofpg yfNg'ePsf] lyof] .

t]Rr'sf] s'/f]ofgfuL6f]lsof], !(*@

pk;+xf/

pgLx¿ s] ul//x]sf xf]nfg\— tL ;a} ;fyLx¿ hf] d;Fu} ToxL

…Snf;?d 6«]gÚdf ofqfdf lyP <

cfls/f tfsfxfzLv]n lbj;sf lbg ePe/sf] k'/:sf/ kfpg] tfsfxfzL slxNo}

cUnf] ePg . t/ pm 7"nf] ;kmntfsf ;fy o:tf] xfO{:s"ndf k|j]z

u¥of] / hf] /UaL v]nsf lglDt hfkfgd} gfd"b lyof] . To;kl5

pm d]OhL ljZjljBfnodf uof] / On]S6«f]lgs OGhLlgol/ªdf

df:6;{ u¥of] .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 194 –

clxn] pm dWo hfkfgsf] xfdfgf tfng]/ Pp6f 7'nf]

On]S6«f]lgs sDkgLsf] >d–Joj:yfks ag]sf] 5 . >ldsx¿aLrsf]

;fd~h:otfsf nflu pm lhDd]jf/ 5 . pm c¿sf kL/Joyf /

u'gf;f ;'G5, / ‰u8f ldnfpF5 . cfkm}+n] w]/} kL8f ef]lu;s]sf]

x'gfn] pm c¿sf JoyfnfO{ ;lhn} a'´g ;S5 . p;sf] /dfOnf]

/ ;'Gb/ JolQmTjn] klg p;nfO{ d2t u/]sf] xf]nf . k|fljlws

ljz]if1sf x}l;otn] pm o'jfx¿nfO{ 7"nf dzLg rnfpg klg

l;sfpF5 .

tfsfxfzL / p;sL >LdtLnfO{ e]6\g d xfdfdfRr' uPsL

lyPF . bofn' dgsL p;sL >LdtL p;nfO{ Psbd /fd|f];Fu

a'l´b/lx5g\ . p;sf] xf]rf] sbsf sf/0f p;nfO{ s'g} sDKn]S;

gePsf] s'/fdf pgn] dnfO{ cfZj:t kfl/g\ . dnfO{ ljZjf; 5,

pgn] eg]sf] s'/f ;fFRr} xf] . pm dgf]u|lGyu|:t x'Fbf] xf] t pm

k9]sf] gfd"b xfO{:s"n / ljZjljBfnodf p;n] w]/} sl7gfOx¿

‰]Ng'kg]{ lyof] xf]nf . To;f] ePsf] eP clxn] h:tf] >d–

Joj:yfkgsf] sfd ug{ p;nfO{ w]/} ufx|f] x'g]lyof] .

tf]df]Pdf cfˆgf] klxnf] lbgnfO{ ;D‰Fb} tfsfxfzLn] eGof]—

c¿ klg ljsnfË ljBfyL{nfO{ b]Vbf p;nfO{ t'?Gt} ;lhnf] cg'ej

ePsf] lyof] /] Û To; If0fb]lv otf p;nfO{ slxNo} s'g} låljwf

ePg / x/]s lbg :s"ndf /dfpg yfNof] . slt;Dd eg] p;nfO{

slxNo} 3/}df al;/xg dg ePg . p;n] dnfO{ eGof] klxnf]k6s

:jLldª k'ndf gfË} kf}l8g nfh nfu]sf] lyof] /], t/ Ps Ps ub}{

n'uf km'sfNb} ubf{ p;n] xLgtfaf]wnfO{ klg Ps Ps ub}{ 5f]8fP

h:tf] eof] /] Û o;n] ubf{ p;nfO{ nGr6fOddf c¿sf] ;fd' pleP/

efif0f ubf{ klg s]xL nfu]g /] Û

s;/L sf]afofzL ;/n] p;nfO{ cfkm"eGbf cUnf] …elN6ª

x;{Ú gf£g k|]l/t ug'{x'GYof] eÌ] klg ;'gfof] . clxn] eg]

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 195 –

p;nfO{ zÍf nfU5 /] sf]afofzL ;/n] ghflg+bf] u/L p;nfO{

k5fl8af6 p7fOlbg'ePsf] lyof] ls eg]/ . t/ pxfFn] d2t}

u/] klg ;DejtM cGTodf dfq ug'{x'GYof] xf]nf — tfls p;n]

cfˆg} oTgn] u/]sf] cg'e"t u/f];\ . sf]afofzL ;/n] p;nfO{

cfTdljZjf; lbg'eof] / ;kmn pknlAwsf] j0f{gftLt v'zL s:tf]

x'G5 eÌ] yfxf lbg'eof] . ha ha pm k[i7e"lddf n'Sg vf]HYof],

x]8df:6/n] p;nfO{ cl3lNt/ af]nfP/ Nofpg'x'GYof] / p;n]

rfx] klg grfx] klg hLjgk|lt ;sf/fTds ;f]r agfpg afWo

kfg'{x'GYof] . k'/:sf/ k|fKt ubf{sf] v'zL pm c‰ klg ;lD‰G5 .

;w}+ ‰}+ rlDsnf cfFvf ePsf] ljj]sL p;n] tf]df]PnfO{ cfglGbt

eP/ ;lD‰of] .

:s"nsf] /fd|f] kfl/jfl/s jftfj/0fn] klg tfsfxfzLnfO{ olt

c;n dflg; eP/ x'ls{g d2t u/]sf] xf]nf . tyflk s] s'/fdf

z+sf 5}g eg] sf]afofzL ;/n] ;fFRr} b"/bzL{ eP/ xfdL ;a};Fu

Jojxf/ ug'{x'GYof] . h;/L pxfF dnfO{ æltdL ;fFRr} c;n s]6L xf},

yfxf 5 <Æ eÌ] ug'{x'GYof], To;/L g} tfsfxfzLnfO{ æltdL ;S5f}Æ

eÌ] pxfFsf] t/Lsfn] p;sf] hLjgnfO{ cfsf/ lbPsf] lyof] .

xfdfdfRr' 5f]8\g] j]nfdf d}n] k"/} lal;{;s]sf] Pp6f s'/f

tfsfxfzLn] dnfO{ eGof] . tf]df]P hfg] af6f]df c¿ :s"nsf

aRrfx¿n] p;nfO{ lh:Sofpg] / b'Mv lbg] sfd uy]{ /] Û pm

:s"ndf cfOk'Ubf ylst / lbSs ePsf] x'GYof] /] Û To:tf] j]nf

d p;nfO{ pgLx¿n] s] s] u/] eg]/ ;f]Wy]+ /] clg Ps} l5gdf

s'b\b} 9f]sfaf6 aflx/ k'lu;s]sf] x'Gy]+ /] Û clg Ps l5gdf kms]{/

cfP/ p;nfO{ cfZj:t kfb}{ eGy]+ /]— ca ;a 7Ls eO;Sof],

p;nfO{ km]l/ To:tf] x'g] 5}g .

5'l§g] j]nf p;n] eGof] æltdLn] slt v'zL kfYof}{ Tof]

j]nf .Æ d}n] t lal;{;s]sL lyPF . wGojfb, tfsfxfzL, ;D‰]sf]df .

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 196 –

ldof]–rfg -ldof] sfg]sf]_sf]afofzL ;/sL ;flx+nL 5f]/L ldof]–rfg s'gftfrL ;+uLt

dxfljBfnosf] lzIff ljefuaf6 :gfts eO{ / clxn] Tof]

sn]h;Fu cfa4 k|fylds :s"ndf ;+uLt k9fpF5] . cfˆgf] afaf

h:t} pm klg ;fgf s]6fs]6LnfO{ k9fpg ?rfpF5] . pm tLg

jif{sL 5Fbfb]lv g} ;+uLtsf] tfndf lx+8\g] / hLp xNnfpg

yfln;s]sL lyO{ . o;n] klg aRrfx¿nfO{ k9fpg] pgsf]

z}nLnfO{ d2t k'u]sf] x'g'k5{ .

;fSsf] dfRr'ofdf -ca >LdtL ;fO/f]_d}n] tf]df]Pdf k9fO yfn]sf] lbg v/fof] ePsf] lkgfkmf]/

nufPsL / 7"nf cfFvf ePsL Tof] s]6L clxn]sf] ldtf xfO{:s"ndf

uO{ . Tof] hdfgfdf s]6Lx¿sf nflu Tof] :s"ndf k|j]z kfpg c;fWo}

ufx|f] x'GYof] . kl5 pm 6f]lsof] dlxnf lqmlZrog o'lgel;{6Lsf]

c+u|]hL ljefudf uO{, jfO–8ANo'–l;–Pdf c+u|]hL lzlIfsf eO{ /

c‰} ToxL+ 5 . u|Lid lzlj/sf j]nf pm cfˆgf] tf]df]P cg'ejsf]

e/k"/ pkof]u u5]{ .

hfkfg cfNk;sf] xf]tfsf kj{t rl9/x]sf] j]nf e]l6Psf

Pshgf dflg;;Fu p;n] lax] u/L . cfˆgf] 5f]/fsf] gfd pgLx¿n]

of;'tfsf /fv]sf /x]5g\— e]6 ePsf] kj{tsf] clGtd efusf]

;D‰gfdf .

tfOhL ofdfgprLd;Fu lax] ulb{g eÌ] tfO{–rfg hfkfgsf] ljVoft ef}ltszf:qL

aGof] . pm clxn] cd]l/sfdf a:5– …a|]g 8«]gÚsf] Pp6f pbfx/0f Û

6f]lsof] lzIff ljZjljBfnosf] lj1fg ljefuaf6 pm :gfts eof] .

PdP:;L l;WofPkl5 km'na|fO6 PS;r]Gh 5fqjl[Qdf pm cd]l/sf

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 197 –

uof] / kfFr jif{kl5 /f]r]:6/ ljZjljBfnoaf6 ljBfjfl/lw u¥of] .

xfO{ PghL{ lkmlhS;df cg';Gwfg ub}{ pm ToxL+ a:of] . clxn] pm

;+;f/s} 7"nf]Ù O{lnGjfosf] kmdL{ /fli6«o PlS;n]/]6/ k|of]uzfnfdf

pklgb]{zs 5 . cd]l/sfsf lqkÌ ljZjljBfnosf ;jf]{Qd JolQmx¿

ePsf] of] cg';Gwfg k|of]uzfnf cToGt 7"nf] ;+:yf xf] hxfF !$%

ef}ltszf:qL / !$)) k|fljlws sfo{/t 5g\ . tfO{–rfg slt

d]wfjL 5 eÌ] s'/f o;}af6 b]Vg'x'G5 . kfFr jif{cl3 kfFr va{

On]S6«f]g ef]N6sf] xfO{–PghL{ aLd lgsfNg ;kmn ePkl5 Tof]

k|of]uzfnfn] ;+;f/sf] Wofg cfslif{t u/]sf] lyof] .

xfn;fn} sf]nlDaof ljZjljBfnosf Ps hgf k|f]km];/;Fusf]

;xsfo{df plK;nf]g elgg] s] xf] kQf nufPsf] 5 . dnfO{ kSsf

ljZjf; 5, Ps lbg tfO{–rfgn] gf]a]n k'/:sf/ kfpg]5 .

p;n] /f]r]:6/ ljZjljBfnoaf6 ul0ftdf cg;{ ;lxt pQL0f{

ePsL Pshgf d]wfjL s]6L;Fu lax] u¥of] . To:tf] lbdfu ePsf]

tfO{–rfg h:tf];'s} k|fylds :s"ndf k9]sf] eP klg w]/} k/

k'Ubf] xf] . t/ dnfO{ nfU5, s]6fs]6LnfO{ cfˆgf] OR5f cg';f/

h;/L k9] klg x'g] tf]df]Psf] k|0ffnLn] p;sf] k|ltef ljsf; ug{

kSs} d2t u/]sf] x'g'k5{ . sIff rln/x]sf] j]nf p;n] c¿ s]xL

u/]sf] g} dnfO{ ;D‰gf 5}g . hlxn] klg pm cNsf]xn ag{/ /

ˆnf:sx¿df sfd ul//x]sf] x'GYof] . ls eg] Psbd cK7\of/f

nfUg] lj1fgsf lstfa kl9/x]sf] x'GYof] .

s'lgcf] cf]Pd]/f] r'N7f] tfÌ] Tof] cf]P eÌ] s]6f] clxn] hfkfgdf ;'b"/

k"jL{o cls{8x¿sf] af/]df cu|0fL lj1 ePsf] 5 . p;sf] If]q

ljlzi6 ePsfn] p;sf] dfu klg w]/} 5 / hlxn] klg hfkfgel/

3'ld/x]sf] x'G5 . To;}n] e|d0fx¿sf] aLrdf p;nfO{ 6]lnkmf]gdf

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 198 –

km]nf kf/]/ s'/f ug{ dnfO{ lgs} ufx|f] k¥of] . p;;Fu ePsf] d]/f]

5f]6f] s'/fsfgL o:tf] lyof] —

ætf]df]P kl5 ltdL s'g :s"ndf uof}, xF <Æ

æsxL+ klg uOgF .Æ

æsxL+ klg uOgF /] < eg]kl5 ltdL uPsf] :s"n eg]s} tf]df]P

dfq} xf] t <Æ

æ7Ls eGof} .Æ

æx] O{Zj/ Û p;f] eP dfWolds :s"ndf klg uPgf} <Æ

æP, cF Û Ps b'O{ dxLgf cf]Otf dfWolds ljBfnodf t uPF .

ToxfFaf6 dnfO{ So'z'df nu] .Æ

æclg dfWolds :s"nsf] k9fO ;Sg' t clgjfo{ lyof] lg,

xf]Og <Æ

æxf] . /, d}n] eg] ul/gF .Æ

æcf]xf], Sof d:tL 5 p;nfO{ ÛÆ dnfO{ nfUof] . n8fO{+ eGbf

cl3 cf]Psf a'afsf] ljzfn g;{/L au}+rf lyof] / To;n] blIf0f

klZrd 6f]lsof]sf] tf]bf]/f]sL eÌ] If]qsf] clwsf+z efu cf]u6]sf]

lyof] . t/ adaf/Lsf j]nfdf Tof] ;a} g} gi6 eof] . cf]Psf]

;lhnf] Jojxf/ pm;Fusf] afFsL s'/fsfgLdf :ki6 ‰lNsGYof] .

ljifofGt/ ub}{ p;n] eGof]—

æ;aeGbf /fd|f] af;gf ePsf] km"n s] xf], ltdLnfO{ yfxf

5 < d]/f] ljrf/df Tof] lrlgofF j;GtL ;'gufef– (Cymbidium virescens) xf] . s'g} klg cQ/ To;sf] bfFhf]df cfpFb}g .Æ

ædxËf] xf]nf xlu <Æ

æs'g} s'g} dxËf x'G5g\, c¿ rflx+ 7Ls} .Æ

æs:tf b]lvG5g\, xF tL <Æ

æTo:tf] lj£g l‰lnldnL klg xf]Og . a? c¿ eGbf ;fdfGo

g} b]lvG5g\ . t/ ltgLx¿sf] ljz]iftf g} ToxL xf] .Æ

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 199 –

tf]df]Pdf x'Fbf h:tf] lyof], To:t} /x]5 pm .

cf]Psf] zfGt :j/nfO{ ;'Gbf dnfO{ nfUof] æcfkm" dfWolds

:s"n ;d]t kf; gePsf]df p;nfO{ k6Ss} b'Mv lyPg . pm

v'?v'? cfˆgf] sfd u5{ / cfkm}+dfly ljZjf; u5{ .Æ d ;fFRr}

g} k|efljt ePF .

sfh'cf] cfdfb]/fhgfj/x¿sf] cf}wL dfof ug]{ cfdfb]/fn] 7"nf] ePkl5

kz'lrlsT;s x'g] / pd{ /fVg] lg0f{o u¥of] . b'ef{Uojz p;sf

a'af l5§} laTg'eof] / p;n] cfˆgf] af6f] km]g'{ k¥of] . lgxf]g

ljZjljBfnosf] :s"n ckm e]6]l/g/L d]l8l;g P08 Plgdn

xHa]08/LnfO{ 5f]8]/ p;n] s]O{cf] c:ktfndf sfd ug{ yfNg'

k¥of] . clxn] pm cfTd;'/Iff ansf] s]Gb|Lo c:ktfndf zf/Ll/s

k/LIf0fsf] dxŒjk"0f{ kbdf 5 .

cfO{sf] ;fO{zf] -clxn] >LdtL tfgfsf_P8ld/n tf]O{uf]sL kgfltgL cfO{sf] ;fOzf] cfcf]ofdf

ufs'Og;Fu ;Da4 k|fylds :s"naf6 tf]df]Pdf ;/]sL lyO{ . Tof]

j]nf d p;nfO{ zfGt / uDeL/ s]6Lsf ¿kdf a'´by]+ . zfob

;fg}df cfˆgf] lktfnfO{ u'dfpg' k/]sf]n] xf]nf . pgL y8{ uf8{

/]lhd]G6df d]h/ lyP / dGr'l/of sf08df dfl/Psf lyP .

sfdfs'/f xfO{ :s"naf6 kf; ePkl5 cfO{sf]n] Pshgf

cfls{6]S6;Fu lax] u/L . clxn] x;sf b'j} 5f]/fx¿ x'ls{;s] /

sfd ug{ yfn] . km';{b ePsfn] pm sljtf n]v]/ ;do latfpF5] .

æp;f] eP ltdL d]OhL ;d|f6sf] b/af/sL sjloqL cfˆgL

k|Voft km'k"sf] k/Dk/f wflg/x]sL 5\of}, xf]Og t <Æ d}n] eg]+ .

nhfP/ xfF:b} p;n] egL æcf]xf], sxfF x'g' ÛÆ

tf]Qf]–rfg

– 200 –

d}n] eg]+ ltdL t clxn] klg tf]df]Pdf x'Fbf h:t} ljgd| /

…n]8L–nfOsÚ /lx5\of}Æ . hjfkmdf p;n] egL, æltdLnfO{ yfxf 5,

d]/f] hLp8fn a]gs]O{ eP/ gf6s v]n]sf] j]nf h:t} 5 ÛÆ

p;sf] :j/ ;'Gbf dnfO{ nfUof], slt Gofgf] / v'zL kl/jf/

xf]nf p;sf] .

s]O{sf] cfcf]sL -clxn] >LdtL s'jfaf/f_Tof] p8\g ;Sg] s'v'/f] ePsL s]O{sf]n] s]Ocf] ljZjljBfnosf]

k|fylds :s"nsf lzIfs;Fu ljjfx ul/5 . p;sf] 5f]/Lsf] klg

ljjfx eO;Sof] .

of]OrL ldlutfhlxn] klg >f4sf] df]df] NofOlbG5' eGg] s]6f] lyof] lg –

of]OrL ldlutf Û p;n] jfujfgLdf l8u|L lnP5 . t/ lrqsnfdf

p;sf] ;f]v ePsfn] km]l/ sn]h kms{]/ d';flzgf] nlntsnf

dxfljBfnoaf6 nlntsnfsf] :gfts eP5 . clxn] p;sf] cfˆg}

u|flkms l8hfOg sDkgL 5 .

¥of] rfgn8fO{+df uPsf kfn]bfO ¥of] rfg n8fO{+af6 ;xL ;nfdt

g} kms{] . x/]s jif{sf] gf]e]Da/ # sf lbg x'g] k'gld{ng pgL

slxNo} 5'6fpFb}gg\ .

.

tf]Qf]–rfg

Pp6f c;fwf/0f hfkfgL :s"nsf] /f]df~rsf/L j0f{g . lzIff ljwf cGtu{t ;+;f/df ;a}eGbf a9L laqmL x'g] lstfa . hfkfgdf &% nfvk|lt eGbf a9L las]sf] of] lstfa ef/tsf !! j6f efiffdf Ps}k6s k|sflzt u/]/ g]zgn a"s 6«i6n] 7"nf] k'0osfo{ u/]sf] 5 .

of] lstfa h;n] k9\5, p;n] cfk"mnfO{ wGo 7fG5 / c?x¿nfO{ k9fpF5 . ljZjsf] of] Pp6f dxfg\ cd/ s[lt x/]sn] k9\g' h¿/L klg 5 .

– k|f= c/ljGb u'Ktf, k'gf, ef/t-afn–lzIff;]jL u'Ktfn] cfk"mnfO{ dg k/]sf %) j6f

k':tssf] ;"rLdf tf]Qf]–rfg nfO{ ! g+= / lbjf:jKg nfO{ @ g+= df /fv]sf 5g\ ._