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Gerry RauFall 2021

Class 2

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Thanks for providing feedback!� Good to know you were actually there!

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Liked� “Personality game.” (x3)� “Professor is friendly.” (Thanks)

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Online/English� “I feel shy to talk in online class, and I'm not confident

in speaking English.”

� Both are common problems. We will try to overcome them.

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Online talking� “It was so embarrassed when the other classmates did

not discuss with me in class. I had tried to encourage them to speak something, but they just didn't answer me. Thus, I felt a little frustrated in today's class.”

� I know it is difficult. Please try. We all need to get used to the online format.

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Online unclear� “I hope to resume physical classes as soon as possible.

Online classes may sometimes be unclear about what to do.”

� Me too. It is much easier to teach when I can see your reactions, whether something is clear or not.

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Online explanations� “Maybe we can spend more time explaining the

lesson.”

� I need your feedback in class if you do not understand – in person I could tell from your faces, but I cannot tell from your namecard on Google Meet.

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EMI Course Expectations

Typical Structure of

Exemplar Articles

Structure of your

Exemplar Articles

Course Overview

and Assignment

Identifying Overall Article Structure

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English Medium Instruction (EMI)� Use English to conduct the class, not an English class

� Many scientific articles and conferences in English� English as a lingua franca (common language)

� Practice all areas of English� Reading, Writing, Listening, Speaking� Practice communicating with different cultures

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This is an EMI class, Not an English Class!

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Fear of English� Normal� Will get better as time goes on

� Any main point � Will be on a slide, also in textbook� I will repeat, emphasize with pointer, body language� Much harder in online teaching

� Ask questions!!

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Bilingual language processing

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Think in English?� Try to practice thinking in English

� Different languages in different parts of the brain

� Memory = Strengthened connections� Between English/First language = translation� In English = think in English

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Class format� “Flipped classroom”

� Read material before class, come with questions� PPT introduction (“lecture”) online - optional

� In class work on exercises and writing

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New material: Lecture

Practice: Exercises

In classAt home

Bring a laptop/tablet to write on (tell me if that is a problem)

In class At home

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Electronic devices� Anything that helps you understand is fine

� Class-related� Please turn off social media to avoid distractions

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Can you code?� I want to develop a program to analyze exemplars

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Due date� Must be approved before you do the analysis

� You will need at least one to do today’s classwork

� Submit others as soon as possible (if you have not)so you can do your homework

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Not acceptable exemplars� Conference papers (Proceedings, Symposium, Workshop)

� Often can be seen from Reference

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Not acceptable exemplars� Survey or review articles

� Analysis or review of standard

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Not acceptable exemplars� Letters, communications, brief publications

� Whole journal

� In Transactions

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Not acceptable exemplars

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In this letter

2 columnsContinued

This communication

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Predatory journals� Claim to be “open access” = pay us, we will publish it� Claim to have peer review

� Almost no papers rejected� Almost no revisions made

� NEVER submit your paper to one� NEVER cite one

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Predatory journals

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International Journal of

[General Title] or [Long Title]

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Predatory journals� https://predatoryjournals.com/journals/� International Journal of Engineering …

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Section 2.2

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What did you look at?� Did you read/listen/watch:

� Textbook chapter 2� PowerPoint audio summary chapter 2� MOOC (lesson 2)

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Textbook structure� Navigating pdf

� Use bookmarks

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Textbook structure� Navigating pdf

� Use bookmarks

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https://predatoryjournals.com/journals/

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Textbook structure� Features to make it easy to read/do the work:

� Section headings� Summary paragraphs� Topic sentences� Callout boxes (point out main ideas and location)� Tables (often show how to do exercises)� Exercises� Evaluate your understanding (review of main ideas)� Homework (often basis of your homework)� Hints (help you do the homework quickly, effectively)

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Textbook structure� Section headings� Summary

paragraphs

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Research articles in science and engineering exhibit obvious differences in the number, names, and length of sections. Since the format of research articles in science has been better studied and is well established, we will look at those first. [2.2.1], then show how typical engineering articles differ [2.2.2], …

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Textbook structure� Topic sentences

(first sentence of each paragraph summarizes the paragraph)

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Science research articles usually have four sections and use general section titles. The Results and Discussion comprise the longest and most important part of the article, …

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Textbook structure� Callout boxes (point out main ideas and location)

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Textbook structure� Tables (often show how to do exercises)

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Textbook structure� Exercises (with hints)

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Textbook structure� Evaluate your understanding (review of main ideas)

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Textbook structure� Homework (often basis of your homework, not identical)� Hints (help you do the homework quickly, effectively)

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Evaluate your understanding� 1) What is the difference between a “section” and a

“division” of a research article?

� 2) How do section titles differ in IMRD and IPTC?

� 3) Why does the relative length of divisions differ in IMRD and IPTC?

� 4) Why are there differences in reporting format (article structure) within a field?

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Section vs. Division

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Science: Effects of RainfallTable 2.1

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Division Section/SubsectionTitlesI 1.Introduction

M 2.MaterialsandMethods2.1.WaterSampleCollection2.2.WaterSampleCollectionafterRainfallEvent2.3.SampleAnalysis2.4.StatisticalandGraphicalAnalysis

R 3.ResultsTables(9)

D 4.Discussion

Total

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Division Section/SubsectionTitlesI 1Introduction

2RelatedWork

P 3Preliminaries3.1Voronoi Diagrams3.2SignatureAggregation

4DataTransformation5AuthenticatingSpatialInquiries5.1QueryProcessingattheSP5.2SignatureVerification5.3GeometricVerification(5.3.1-4)

T 6Experiments6.1ExperimentalSettings6.2VN-Auth andMR- andMR*-trees6.3AdvancedSpatialInquiries

7Discussion

C 8ConclusionsTotal

Engineering: Spatial Query IntegrityTable 2.5

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IMRaDC vs. IPTC

Pt-Ni Nanocages Spatial Query Integrity

� I: 1. Introduction

� M: 2. Experimental section

� R&D: 3. Results & Discussion

� C: 4. Conclusion

� I: 1 Introduction2 Related Work

� P: 3 Preliminaries4 Data Transformation5 Authenticatingspatial inquiries

� T: 6 Experiments7 Discussion

� C: 8 ConclusionsDivision DivisionSection Section

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Standard

Standard

General

Standard

Standard

Standard

General

General

Specific

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First look� Number of sections� Titles of sections: general or specific to the research?� Length of divisions

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IMRD IPTCNumber of sections 4 >4Titles of sections General SpecificLength of divisions

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Science: Effects of RainfallTable 2.1

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Division Section/SubsectionTitlesPara-graphs

Wordcount %

I 1.Introduction 6 787 15

M 2.MaterialsandMethods2.1.WaterSampleCollection2.2.WaterSampleCollectionafterRainfallEvent2.3.SampleAnalysis2.4.StatisticalandGraphicalAnalysis

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2574494879833 16

R 3.ResultsTables(9)

9 127416292903 55

D 4.Discussion 6 788 15

Total 27 5341 100

IMRD

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Wordcount %

I 1Introduction2RelatedWork

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11647421906 19

P 3Preliminaries3.1Voronoi Diagrams3.2SignatureAggregation

4DataTransformation5AuthenticatingSpatialInquiries5.1QueryProcessingattheSP5.2SignatureVerification5.3GeometricVerification(5.3.1-4)

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427

551

6094304

5464 53T 6Experiments

6.1ExperimentalSettings6.2VN-Auth andMR- andMR*-trees6.3AdvancedSpatialInquiries

7Discussion

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2

2219

4712690 26

C 8Conclusions 1 172 2Total 67 10248 100

Engineering: Spatial Query …Table 2.5

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IPTC

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Wordcount %

I 1.Introduction 6 595 19

P 2.4-Orderedcells3.Generalizedhoneycombtorus

1724

196618193785 84

C 4.Mainresultandconcludingremarks 3 125 3

Total 50 4505 100

Mathematics: 4-ordered …Table 2.6

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IPC

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IMRD IPTCIntroduction IntroductionMaterials and Methods [Process or Product]Results [Testing]Discussion Conclusion

IMRD vs. IPTC

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Data

Design

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First look� Number of sections� Titles of sections: general or specific to the research?� Length of divisions

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IMRD IPTCNumber of sections 4 >4Titles of sections General SpecificLongest divisions R/D P

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Overall Structure – IMRD vs. IPTCFigure 2.1

Methods

Results

Introduction

Discussion

Process or Product

Testing

Introduction

Conclusion

Final Structure Hidden Structure

Sect

ion

nam

es

spec

ific t

o re

sear

ch

Sect

ion

nam

es

gene

ral,

vary

by

field

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Section 2.4

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Placing the divisions – IMRDDivision Clear Common AlternativesI IntroductionM Materials &

MethodsR ResultsD Discussion

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MethodsExperimental methodsExperimental procedures

R ResultsD Discussion

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R Results Experimental resultsD Discussion

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Division Clear Common AlternativesR&D Results &

DiscussionC Conclusion

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R Results Experimental resultsD Discussion

Division Clear Common AlternativesR&D Results &

DiscussionTestingResults (although it also includes Discussion)

C Conclusion

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Placing the divisions – IPTCDivision Clear Less ClearI Introduction

P

T

C Conclusion

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Placing the divisions – IPTCDivision Clear Less ClearI Introduction Related Work, Previous Work, Background,

Motivation (Related to Importance/Need)P

T

C Conclusion

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Motivation (Related to Importance/Need)P

T TestingDiscussion

Experiment, Comparison, Verification, Simulation(Related to comparison to current best or ideal)

C Conclusion

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Motivation (Related to Importance/Need)P Preliminaries, [Specific to Research]

(Related to new Design)T Testing

DiscussionExperiment, Comparison, Verification, Simulation(Related to comparison to current best or ideal)

C Conclusion

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What are your articles?� Mostly follow established method to get new data

� IMRD� Modified IMRD = IM R&D C

� Mostly focus on designing a new process/product� IPTC� Mathematical = IPC

� Some are hard to determine, intermediate/mixed� You can change your mind later

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Exercise 2.1

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Overall Article Structure� 1) Identify the format (IMRD, IMRaDC, IPTC, or IPC)

and break points between the divisions for your first exemplar article.

� 2) Make a table showing the section titles, paragraph numbers and word count for each division in your exemplar article, following a format similar to Tables 2.1-2.5. [use Word tables, not PowerPoint]

� 3) Note any difficulties, for example in getting an accurate word count, just as you would any other problem with data collection.

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Hint: Look at hints in textbook� Hint: List the section numbers and titles in the format used by the

journal, to get used to it and note differences between journals. If your journal does not use numbers, you will have to pay close attention to font size and location to determine the level of the headings.

� Hint: Word count will be useful not only to determine the relative length of each division, but also total length, giving you a goal for your own writing. Export the text from pdf into Word, or copy each section into a Word document, then use the Word Count feature (Review tab).

� Hint: It may be hard to get an accurate word count for articles with large numbers of non-text features like equations. Give the best estimate you can.

� Hint: Should you count the words separately for each section and subsection? I did for most of the tables in section 2.3, but not for Table 2.4 because the large number of sub-sub-sections was not a common feature in that journal. Your goal is to establish the typical pattern. 67

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Word count in pdf:� A program that will give word count in a pdf directly:

https://www.foxitsoftware.com/pdf-reader/

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https://www.foxitsoftware.com/pdf-reader/

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See Syllabus on ECourse2

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Schedule

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Exem

plar

sW

ritin

g

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Week 1Please upload new exemplars if necessary

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Upload to ECourse2 (4 files)� Upload three exemplar articles to ECourse2 (.pdf)

� Use short title as filenameExample:

Spatial query integrity.pdfAuthenticating top-k queries.pdfAuthenticating location-based skyline queries.pdf

� Upload Word document with References listed (.doc)� I will approve or say why they are not suitable

� **Print and bring articles to class next week

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This week

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Read� Read Chapters/Sections (if you have not)� 1.1-4 Exemplar articles� 2 Today, IMRD vs. IPTC� 3 Argument structure

� Optional: Audio PPT summary of Chapter 3� Optional: MOOC lesson 3

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Read� 3 Exemplar articles

� Look ahead at the next assignment: Plan ahead

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Write� (1) Identify the format (IMRD, IMRaDC, IPTC, or IPC)

and break points between the divisions for each exemplar article.

� (2) Create a table showing the section titles, paragraph numbers, and word count for each division in your exemplar articles, following a format similar to Tables 2.1–2.6.

� (3) Note any difficulties, for example in getting an accurate word count, just as you would any other problem with data collection.

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Hint: Getting used to format� Hint: List the section numbers and titles in the format

used by the journal, to get used to it and note differences between journals. If your journal does not use numbers, you will have to pay close attention to font size and location to determine the level of the headings. If the PDF has bookmarks, the levels can easily be seen there.

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Hints: Word count� Hint: Word count will be useful not only to determine the

relative length of each division, but also the total length, giving you a goal for your own writing. Export the text from PDF into Word, or copy each section into a Word document, then use the Word Count tool.

� Hint: It may be hard to get an accurate word count for articles with large numbers of non-text features like equations. Give the best estimate you can.

� Hint: Should you count the words separately for each section and subsection? I did for most of the tables in section 2.3, but not for Table 2.4 because the large number of sub-subsections was not a common feature in that journal. Your goal is to establish the typical pattern.

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Hints: Organization � Hint: Think about how to best organize your information to make it

easy to understand. The way you collect and record the data may not be the best way to present it. This is true for all research. For example, instead of using a table to show the total word count for each division, you could use a graph or figure to indicate the relative proportions. What would be the advantage of each? Which would convey the important information most clearly?

� Hint: If you have more than one table or figure, how should they be numbered? Should they be, for example, Table 1, Table 2, and Table 3, or Table 1a, 1b, and 1c, or Table 1.1, 1.2, and 1.3 (that is the format used in this book, but why)? What would make it easier for the reader to see that they are connected? Which is more similar to your exemplar articles?

� Hint: The table title should describe the contents of the table, not just list the name of the article. For example, “Table 1a: Overall structure of exemplar article 1.”

� Hint: Eliminate extra white space from your tables to make them easier to read.

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Self-Introduction� Please fill out the student information sheet if you did

not do so last week

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Feedback� Please fill out Feedback 2 (ECourse2):

� What did you learn in today’s class?� What did like about today’s class?� What did you dislike/could be improved?� What questions do you have?

� Use these questions as guidelines, not requirements. Feel free not to answer a question, or to make other comments.

� Open until 7:0082

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