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e n te tates-

Security Studies (Regional)

September 29, 2009

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Outline of Lecture

1. Historical Background; How the U.S.

Became a Pacific Power

2. The National Securit Process andCongressionally Mandated Requirements

-Power

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1. Historical Background

From isolationism to empire

War

Alfred Thayer Mahan (writing in 1890)

Influence of Social Darwninism

the white mans burden

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Opening of Japan, 1852-54

Commodore Perry andthe Black Ships

1st visit 1852 left

letter of demand

2nd visit 1854

Kanagawa signed

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. .

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-

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1907-09

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Washin ton Naval Conference1921-22

The Asia-Pacific first treated as ase arate eo ra hical re ion

Fix ratio of warships that states could

Limit the geographical and military scope

1930s Japan repudiated agreement andh x l w rn w r

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Three Wars in the Pacific

Second World War

War in Europe - Sept. 1939

,

Korean Conflict, 1950-53

Vietnam War, 1965-73

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US Hub and Spokes Model

apan

SouthKorea

Phili ines

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Compacts of Free Association and

Commonwealth Northern Mariana Islands

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2. National Security ProcessNat ona Secur ty Counc

Chief of Staff,Counsel to the

President, Assistantfor Economic PolicyAs a ro riate: Attorne General and the

Director of the Office of Management andBudget; and others by invitation

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National Security Council

De uties Committee Interagency Committee

Chaired by Assistant Secretaries ofState

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Congressionally Mandated Requirements

Committees of Congress

Armed Services

Armed Services

Intelligence (Select)

Budget

Intelligence (Select)

Appropriations

Homeland Security and

Government Affairs

Homeland Security

Select Committee on U.S.

at ona ecur ty anMilitary/Commercial

Concerns with The People's

Republic of China

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US National Security Policy

National Security Strategy (White House) Mandated b Goldwater-Nichols Act of 1986

150 days after a new president takes office

issued 2002 and 2006

Quadrennial Defense Review (mandated,

,

National Military Strategy (CJCS)

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uadrennial Defense Review

NationalNationalSecuritySecurityStrateStrate

150 days after newPresident takes office

QDRQDRIn consultation with CJCS

SECDEFSECDEFReportReportConduct a ReviewReview so as to:

- Delineate a National Defense StrategyNational Defense Strategy

- Define: -- Force StructureForce Structure--

-- InfrastructureInfrastructure-- Other ElementsOther Elements of Program & Policy

- Identify a Budget PlanBudget Plan

CJCS Assessment

CJCSCJCS

- Assess Political, Strategic & Military RiskRisk

- Assessment of ReviewAssessment of Review

-- Assessment of RiskAssessment of Risk

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Defense Review Report 2006

In the Pacific, alliances with Japan, Australia, Koreaand others promote bilateral and multi-lateralengagemen n e reg on an coopera ve ac onsto address common security threats. India is also

emerging as a great power and a key strategicpartner. C ose cooperat on w t t ese partners nthe long war on terrorism, as well as in efforts tocounter WMD proliferation and other non-

traditional threats, ensures the continuing need forthese alliances and for improving theirca abilities.

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National Security Strategy 2006

e n e a es s a ac c na on, wextensive interests throughout East and

.prosperity depend on our sustained

partnerships supported by a forward defenseposture supporting economic integration

through expanded trade and investment andpromoting democracy and human rights.

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National Defense AuthorizationAct requires Defense Secretary

to submit an annual report to

Congress on Chinas current and

future military strategy, military-

,

tenets of grand strategy

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US Unified Commands AOR

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3. The United States as an Asia-Pacific Power

Impact of Global Economic Crisis

U.S. moral authority dented and attraction ofcapitalist development model undermined

National economic recovery and economic

rowth ke riorit for all

Impact on defence budget on procurement and

Navy ship building affected

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ompe ngU.S. National Securit Strate ies

Selective engagement Cooperative security

Neo-isolationism

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- . .

U.S. National Security Policy and QDR U.S. commitment to allies throu h forward

presence and power projection (Guam)

Japan, Korea, China and Indonesia

ecre ary o e ense o er a es a en eShangri-la Dialogue

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Commander U.S. Pacific Command

Keating

os ure

Statements to Houseand Senate Armed

Services Committees

(March 2009)

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U.S. Pacific Command Strategy

. .

Theater Security Cooperation Plan CHODS Chiefs of Defense Conference

MPAT - Multinational Planning and Augmentation

CARAT - Cooperation Afloat Readiness and Training

SEACAT SE Asia Coo eration A ainst Terrorism

APCSS Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies

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. .-

Cornerstone of U.S. strategy Prime Minister Aso received in White House

Defense Policy Review Initiative

Guam International Agreement

New Japanese Prime Minister Trilateral Security Dialogue

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. .-

Summit, London (March 2009)

ocus on ort orea

nuclear proliferation U.S. Forces Korea transformation

Consolidation south of Han river

Assumption of war-time operational control by

2012

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. .-

One China Policy but Taiwan Relations Act Taiwan Strait contingencies

G2 meeting of Presidents Obama and Hu

Jintao on sidelined of G20 London Summit Strategic and Economic Dialogue

State/Foreign Affairs and Treasury

Resumption of military-to-military relations

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Im l In i n

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Marciel, July 15th

U.S. has concerns about claims to territorialwaters or an maritime zone that does not

derive from a land territory. Such maritime

claims are not consistent with international law The U.S. objects to any effort to intimidate U.S.

. .

Testimony to U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign

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Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defence

Robert Scher, July 15

. ear y emons ra ng, y wor an ee , a . .

forces will remain present and postured as the.

2. Deliberate and calibrated assertions of our freedom

3. Building stronger security relationships with partners

in the re ion at both olic and o erational levels

4. Strengthening the military-diplomatic mechanisms

we have with China to im rove communications and

reduce risk of miscalculation

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-

Philippines

Operation Enduring Freedom-Philippines

Training, advising, assisting AFP in WOT

Improve health, education and economic opportunities

Thailand

Hosts Exercise COBRA GOLD

Engineering deployments to Afghanistan and Iraq

Free Trade Agreement under negotiation

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Sin a ore: Ma or Securit Partner Free Trade Agreement (2004)

mer ca s en arges ra ng par ner

Strategic Framework Agreement and Defence

Access to port and airfield facilities

to address common threats terrorism, WMDproliferation

Military training exercises, military science andtechnolo ,

Participant in Proliferation Security Initiative andContainer Security Initiative

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Engagement with Southeast Asia

Malaysia: Southeast Asia Re ional Center for Combatin

Terrorism

Free Trade A reement under ne otiation

Indonesia

Aid for improved governance and education

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Engagement with Southeast Asia

Vietnam: Bilateral Trade Agreement (2001)

International Military Education & Training

Co-hosted PACOM military medicine conference High-level visits

U.S.-Vietnam Human Rights Dialogue

(Permanent Normal Trade Relations) status

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Engagement with Southeast Asia

Cambodia: Assistance in recovering from war

Promotion of democracy

Burma/Myanmar: Burma Freedom and Democracy Act (sanctions)

Intensify pressures to release political prisoners and

empower people to determine their own future

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Regional Organisations: ASEAN

Fifth largest market for U.S. exports in world

Post-Ministerial Conference July 2009

(TAC)

mer ca s ac Softening of hard line towards Myanmar

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ASEAN Regional Forum

U.S. a founding member

Regional Forum in 2009

-

security threats such as maritime security,

,security

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Other Regional Associations

East Asian Summit Interagency review process underway toe erm ne e n e a es s ou app y or

membership

APEC Trade and investment liberalization that holds

high-level summit meetings

Six Party Talks Under Bush Administration considered an

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e n te tates-

Security Studies (Regional)

September 29, 2009