THE 19TH CENTURY ARCHITECTURE

• Is known as a period of eclecticism. • Eclecticism in architecture implies freedom on the part of

the architect or client to choose among the styles of the past that seems to him appropriate.• Eclecticism is a nineteenth style in which a single piece of

work incorporates a mixture of elements from previous historical styles to create something that is new and original.• Copy cat era, no originality.

Two principal characteristics distinguish 19th-century architecture; • the use of a variety of historical styles

• the development of new materials and structural methods.

The main types of nineteenth century architectural styles included: • Greek Revival (1800-1900);

• Gothic Revival (1810-1900);

• Second Empire (1850-1880);

• Exoticism (1800-1900);

• Industrial architecture (1850-1900);

• Skyscraper design (1885-1900).

The main types of nineteenth century architectural styles included: • Greek Revival (1800-1900) was an architectural movement of the late 18th and early

19th centuries, predominantly in Northern Europe and the United States. A product of Hellenism, it may be looked upon as the last phase in the development of Neoclassical architecture.

• Gothic Revival (1810-1900) (also referred to as Victorian Gothic, Neo-Gothic or Jigsaw Gothic, and when used for school, college, and university buildings as Collegiate Gothic) is an architectural movement that began in the late 1740s in England.

• Second Empire (1850-1880) is an architectural style, most popular between 1865 and 1880, and so named for the architectural elements in vogue during the era of the Second French Empire. As the Second Empire style evolved from its 17th century Renaissance foundations, it acquired an eclectic mix of earlier European styles, most notably the Baroque often combined with mansard roofs and low, square based domes.

• Exoticism (1800-1900) is a trend in European art and design, influenced by some ethnic groups or civilizations from the late 19th-century.• Industrial architecture (1850-1900) is the design and construction of

buildings serving industry. Such buildings rose in importance with the industrial revolution, and were some of the pioneering structures of modern architecture.• Skyscraper design (1885-1900) is a tall, continuously habitable

building of over 10 floors, mostly designed for office, commercial and residential uses.

Famous 19th Century Buildings and Architects

Flatiron Building (Fuller Building) New York (1901-03)Designed by Daniel Burnham.Steel-frame construction.

Smithsonian Institution BuildingDesigned by James Renwick.Known as "The Castle". Gothic Revival, with Romanesque elements, turrets and arches.

Houses of Parliament, London (1839-52)Designed by Sir Charles Barry.Gothic architecture with Italian ground plan.

Downing College, Cambridge (1807-20)Designed by William Wilkins.Greek Revival style of architecture, with Greek columns.

Baltimore Basilica (1806-21)Designed by Benjamin Henry Latrobe.Neoclassical. The first Roman Catholic Cathedral in the United States.

Eiffel Tower, Paris (1885-89)Designed by Gustave Eiffel (1832-1923) and Stephen Sauvestre.Industrial Architecture: Giant viaduct pylon, prefabricated iron girders.