department of computer scienceand engineering

The Adaptive WebGeneral Model And the Use of Semantic Web Technologies

Martin Balík

KEG Seminar, VŠE

29. November 2007

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department of computer scienceand engineering

Overview of the presentation

The Adaptive Web Methods and Techniques of Adaptation Existing Web Models Disadvantages of Existing Approaches The Aim of our Research GAM Model – Initial Reference for our Extension Our General Adaptivity Model Application in the Field of E-learning Our Experimental E-learning project Conclusions and Future Work

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The Adaptive Web

User adaptive systems– User model– Adaptation Effect

Applictation fields of adaptation– E-learning– Community websites– Online information systems– E-commerce

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Methods and Techniques of Adaptation

Content level adaptation– Additional explanations– Prerequisite explanations– Comparative explanations– Sorting explanations

Link level adaptation– Direct guidance– Adaptive sorting– Adaptive hiding– Links annotation

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Existing models of adaptive web

AHAM – Adaptive Hypermedia Application Model

Munich Reference Model

FOHM – Fundamental Open Hypermedia Model

GAHM – Goldsmiths Adaptive Hypermedia Model

GAM – Generic Adaptivity Model

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Disadvantages of existing approaches

No interchangeability of data Content cannot be reused Mostly ad-hoc solution Personalization on different levels of approach Different formats of implementation Adaptive specification is not suitable for general use

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The Aim of our Research

Specification of an appropriate formal approach to the general conceptual meta-model design

General meta-model formalization using a suitable description of adaptive behaviour

Carrying out several experiments and verifying the resulting adaptation system

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GAM Model – The Initial Reference for our extension

Brusilovsky, 1996 De Vrieze et al., 2006

Push adaptationUpdating of the user model

Pull adaptationQuerying the user model

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Our General Adaptivity Model

Ability of the communication between distributed systems– User model → ontology understandable by various systems

– Multidimensional matrix• Each layer contains ontological representation of specific kind of knowledge• Ontologies are application independent, modular and layered

The type of the adaptation should be also adapted

Modelling user groups, collaboration– New methods of obtaining information

User feedback is necessary

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Semantic Description

Information should be understandable– not only to human users– but also to the computers which prepare data for the users

Ontologies play an important role in the Semantic Web– Provide a common shared model

• To represent a domain• To reason about the objects in the domain

In our model we use ontology to represent all data sources– User model, Adapted content, Adaptation rules

– Semantic annotation will make the data interchange more easy

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Application in the Field of E-learning

E-learning is– typical application area of adaptive systems– optimal environment for testing purposes, especially at the university

E-leaning takes advantage of personalization to the user– Learning material is suitable to the users knowledge– User isn’t disturbed by unimportant parts

But it is very difficult to create the learning material without reusing already created learning objects

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Our Experimental E-learning project

Development of the ontology – Protégé Web-based tool

– Java language– Jena Semantic Framework– RDF2GO ?– RDF Reactor ?

Model-view-controllerarchitecture

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Our Experimental E-learning project

Ontology consists of two main parts– Course materials

• This includes lecture slides, learning objects used to compose the personalized webpage and tasks for students

– Data about progress of students in the course• Test scores, evidence of course attendance etc.

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Conclusions and Future Work

We have– analyzed the needs of general purpose adaptive systems– proposed an adaptation model– partially implemented a testing system and ontology

In the future we will– extend the testing system– perform experiments to verify our proposals– formulate a formal description of the adaptive system