the basics of computer hardware

7/28/2019 The Basics of Computer Hardware

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THE BASICS OF COMPUTER HARDWARE


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What is

COMPUTER?


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Why COMPUTERS

are invented?


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What have you

observed with thecomputer

nowadays?


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The computer is very

powerful and useful thatthey make our life veryconvenient and

comfortable.


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Cite examples of

how computers

being use today.


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But, what the

computer can

really do?


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Four simple tasks that cancomputer can do1. Receive an input2. Process information

3. Produce output4. Store information


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Why they can

accomplish suchtremendous task?

It isMADE byMAN.


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Mans boundlesscreativity and brilliance

are driving forces thatpower-up this computer;and they express it in terms

ofPROGRAMS.


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Program- set of commands or

instructions for a computerto follow

Software- end-product


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HardwareComponents


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Input Devices

Output Devices

Microprocessors-used in processing information such asperforming arithmetic computations and

making decisions based on given choices or

alternatives

-also called the Central Processing Unit


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Storage Devices-used for storing information

Computers Memory1. RAM (Random Access Memory)

-temporary storage

2. ROM (Read-Only Memory)

-permanent storage


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History of Computer

Hardware Revolution


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Osborne I-first portable computer was introduced

-has two floppy drives and no hard disk- has pre-installed software

> CP/M (Controlled Processor for

Microcomputer) {Operating System}> word-processing (WordStar)

> spreadsheet (SuperCalc)


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Disk Operating System (DOS)-first IBM PC operating system introduced by

IBM Corporation provided by MicrosoftCorporation

- Speed (4.77 MHz)

- 16 KB of RAM with two floppy disk drives- 8-bit microprocessor (model # 8088) developed

and designed by Intel Corporation


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Xerox Corporation introduces Xerox Star

computer with the use of mouse. This is the first

time, the mouse is used as an input device and as

an alternative (partially) to the keyboard fornavigation of the PCs screen


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Sun Microsystem, Inc. was established

(founded) and introduces its first workstation called

Sun 1.

Intel Corporation introduces its 16-bit 80286

microprocessor


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Compaq computer company releases the first

successful 100 percent IBM-PC compatible


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Intel Corporation introduces its 32-bit 80386

microprocessor.

Hewlett-Packardreleases the LaserJet leaserprinter with its main feature is a 300 dpi resolution


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IBM corporation introduces its first laptop

computer

CD-ROM technology is being introduced as apromising storage device in an international

conference held in Seattle, Washington, USA.


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The Extended Industry Standard

Architecture (EISA)bus design is introduced by a

group of independent computer manufacturers to

compete with IBMs proprietary bus design theMicro-Channel architecture (MCA)


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Video Graphics Array (VGA)

-an interface card introduced by IBM corporation

that offers 256 colors at 320x200 resolution

HP Deskjet

-first ink jet printer released by Hewlett-Packard

(HP) corporation


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Next Inc. a company established by Steve Jobs

after he left the Apple Computer company which

he co-founded, introduces the f irst PC to use

Object-Or iented Programming (OOP)in itsoperating system and uses CD-ROM driveinstead

of a floppy disk.


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PowerBook

- a laptop computer introduced by Apple Computer

Apple Computer together with IBM andMotorola companies design and produce a RISC-

based (Reduced Instruction Set Computing) chips, object

oriented operating system, and develop commonmultimedia standards. Their collaborative efforts

resulted to the invention of the microprocessor

called PowerPC.


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The IBM corporation releases theirThinkPad

laptop computer


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The IBM corporation introduces its first RISC-

based workstation, the RS/6000, powered by the

PowerPC 601 microprocessor


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Apple Computer follows IBM by introducing its

own RISC-based computer powered by PowerPC

microprocessor chip.


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Intel corporation introduces the Pentium

microprocessor.

Power 100- first-ever Apple-Macintosh clones released by Power

Computing company


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Palm Pilot

- introduced by US Robotics

>the start of the world-renownedPersonal DigitalAssistant (PDA)

Sun Ultra-first workstation with 64-bit micro-processor

introduced by Sun Microsystem.


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Pentium II microprocessor

-introduced by Intel Corporation

>introduced MMX (Multi-Media Extension)technology that increases the multimedia

capabilities of the designed microprocessor.


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Digital Video Disc (DVD) technology was

introduced in the market, which has more storage

capacity than the VCD technology. The DVD is

predicted to become the standard CD-ROMtechnology in PC and home entertainment systems,

(replacing the VCD), such as used in our TV and

stereo players.


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Pentium II Celeron microprocessor

- released by Intel Corporation

- offers slower performance but with reduced price

- ideal for home-user or for companies whoseusers do not need a fast PC.

-Intel Corp. names their new Pentium II as

Xenon which is designed for high performancenetwork serves and workstations used by

companies or universities who need fast PCs


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iMac

- introduced by Apple Computer

- its feature the new G3 microprocessor and USB

connections but without a floppy disk drive.-its microprocessor is more faster than Intels

Pentium II


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Pentium III microprocessor

- released by Intel which features an enhancements

for Websites graphics application.

Athlon microprocessor

-introduced by Advance Micro Devices (AMD)

Corp., a premier competitor of Intel Corp., thatcompetes with Pentium IIIs Xenon and Celeron

market


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iMac computer with a G4 microprocessor

- released by Apple Computer

- faster than Intels Pentium III or AMDs Athlon

microprocessor


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Both AMD and Intel Corp. announced to release

the worlds first microprocessor to run in 1 GHz

speed.


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iPod

- introduced by Apple computer

- first music player with an internal 5GB mass

storage device that can store 1,000 CD songsCategories of Apple iPod

a. iPod Shufflesmaller one with 1GB capacity

b. iPod Nano8GB capacity

c. iPod Video160 capacity

The Ipod Shuffle was designed and introduced to the

market late, compared to the Nano and Video version.


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Another supercomputer was created by Mike

Showerman and Craig Steffen. It can perform 6.5

billion mathematical operations per second and it

uses Linux as its operating system.

Intel and AMD release its respective 64-bit

microprocessor, as well as Apple Computer withtheirPower Macintosha G5-64 bit

microprocessor


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Wireless Technology

-the emergence of the Intel Centrino technology

for laptop computers

-this means that you can surf the Internet with yourLaptop without wires.

Bringing Laptop to Starbucks and RobinsonsShopping Center, will give you a free access to the

Internet connection.


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The Bluetooth-enabled devices allow sharing of

text, pictures, videos, music or files, across a broad

range of devices such as on your cell-phone, PDA,

or iPod

The Intels dual core processors (also known as

Core Duo) are hot in the market


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Intels Core 2 Duo

- the emerging microprocessor technology in the

market

- it boasts an increase of 40% more performanceto its predecessor, the Core Duo microprocessor


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Intels Quad Core is now in the market for

Desktop computers.

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