The Big Bang Theory

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G_MFhAoUUmQ

• The big bang theory describes the development of the universe from the time just after it came into existence up to today.

• It's one of several scientific models that attempts to explain why the universe is the way it is.

• It is the most widely accepted and popular theory to explain the origin of the universe.

The Big Bang Theory

The Big Bang Theory

• While many people believe that the Big Bang theory refers to an explosion, it actually refers to the expansion of the universe.

E = mc²• Developed by Albert Einstein

•Defined mass as highly concentrated energy with c being the speed of light.

• With high enough concentrations of energy, that energy can form matter.

Uh oh…Antimatter!

• When matter and anitmatter come into contact, they annihilate each other.

• The existence of antimatter was first predicted by Paul Direc.

The Big Bang Timeline

Planck Epoch• Time: 0 to 10-43 seconds after the Big Bang.

• Temperature: 1032 Kelvin

• Size: about 10-35 meters

• At this point in the Big Bang timeline, gravity separates from the other forces.

Grand Unification Epoch

• Time: 10-43 to 10-36 seconds after the Big Bang.

• Temperature: 1027 Kelvin

• Size: about 10-10 meters

• Strong force separates from the weak force and electromagnetic force. (Gravity is the fourth fundamental force)

• Important: It was at this point that more matter was created than antimatter.

Electroweak Epoch• Time: 10-36 to 10-12 seconds after the Big Bang.

• Temperature: 1015 Kelvin

• Size: about 1013 meters

• Huge expansion in the beginning of this epoch.

• Weak force separates from the electromagnetic force, establishing the 4 fundamental forces we have today:

•Gravity, Strong, Weak, Electromagnetic

Quark Epoch

• Time: 10-12 to 10-6 seconds after the Big Bang.

• Temperature: 1013 Kelvin

• Size: unknown

• Quarks combine to make protons.

Hadron Epoch

• Time: 10-6 to 1 second after the Big Bang. (FINALLY, 1 SECOND!!)

• Temperature: 1010 Kelvin

• Size: unknown

• Existence of antimatter are cancelled out

Lepton Epoch

• Time: 1 second to 3 minutes after the Big Bang

• Temperature: 109 Kelvin

• Size: unknown

• Formation of hydrogen and helium starts to occur.

Epoch of Nucleosynthesis

• Time: 3 minutes to 300,000 years after Big Bang

• Temperature: 3000 Kelvin

• Size: unknown

• After 3 minutes, the universe consists of 75% hydrogen, 25% helium, and traces of lithium, boron, and beryllium.

• After 300,000 years, light in the form of radio and microwaves now exist.

Big Bang Visual• You and your lab partner will be making a visual of the big bang and all the epochs.

• This visual can be a timeline, story, book, poster, advertisement, or whatever else you can think of but it must include:

1. Each Big Bang Epoch clearly labeled and the significant event that occurred in each

2. A picture to represent each Epoch

3. You must include times, sizes, or temps

4. Creativity!!!

• Each person/group will share their visual