the big book of social stories - milligan university

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Stories for everyday life Morgan Gillum Milligan College Occupational Therapy The Big Book of Social Stories

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Page 1: The Big Book of Social Stories - Milligan University

Stories for everyday

life

Morgan Gillum

Milligan College

Occupational Therapy

The Big Book of Social Stories

Page 2: The Big Book of Social Stories - Milligan University

1

Table of Contents

Why a Social Story?.....................................................................................page 2 Reasoning and research behind the use of social stories

How to use a Social Story……………………………………………………... page 3

How to use a social story effectively (strategies) and why it is important.

Social Stories

I Will Brush My Teeth…………………………………………………… page 4

When I Get Ready………………………………………………………. page 10

I Will say “Hello”!............................................................................... page 16

When my Parents say “NO” …………………………………………… page 20

I Will Take Turns………………………………………………………… page 25

When I Lose……………………………………………………………… page 31

I Will Stay with Mommy…………………………………………………. page 35

When it’s Too Much……………………………………………………... page 40

(Sensory overload)

Do you Know the Password? ..………………………………………… page 46

(Stranger Danger)

When I go to School…………………………………………………….. page 50

When I go to a Restaurant……………………………………………… page 54

When I go to the Park…………………………………………………… page 62

When I go to the Grocery Store………………………………………... page 68

When I go to the Doctor………………………………………………… page 74

When I go to the Dentist………………………………………………... page 83

When I go to Church……………………………………………………. page 93

How to make your own social story:…………………………………………... page 97

guidelines on how to make a social story that is unique to their family (wording,

sentence structure, etc.)

References …………………………………………………………………….. page 99

Appendix A: Social story template…………………………………………… page 100

Appendix B: Link to: “Is your Social Story a Social Story”……………….... page 102

Page 3: The Big Book of Social Stories - Milligan University

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Why a Social Story???

What is a social story? A social story is a learning tool that is

used to support a safe and meaningful exchange of information

between parents, teachers, therapists, and people with Autism of

all ages (Gray, 2017). Social stories were developed by Carol

Gray in 1990 when she was a special education teacher and

realized there was a need. They have been used over the years

to help individuals with Autism, and their families, to negotiate

everyday life.

This method has been researched to determine whether

social stories are effective and if they would be useful in helping

those with Autism negotiate everyday obstacles, that others take

for granted. According to Kokina and Kern’s 2010 Meta-Analysis,

where they researched the results of 18 studies and a total of 47

students, who used social stories as an intervention. The majority

of the student,51%, had outcomes that were considered “highly

effective”, however, 44% were classified as “ineffective”

(Cosgrave, 2017). These results demonstrate a need for further

investigation, but currently, the consensus is that social stories

are either very effective for an individual, or not at all.

You may be asking “will this work for my child?” there is a

high probability that these stories will work for you and your

family. One of the great aspects of social stories is that they detail

what you can expect in certain situations. They can also help

demonstrate what you expect from your child in different

situations and prepare your child for outings, such as a field trip.

Page 4: The Big Book of Social Stories - Milligan University

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How to use a Social Story

This book is designed with elementary school-aged children

in mind. However, the stories can be adapted to fit any age-group.

The stories in this book address typical social issues that children

with Autism face, and it should be tailored to your child and family

situations.

• These stories should be read with your child in an

environment that will not distract them

• Read these stories prior to the outing/event/task

o For example: Read your Social Story about visiting the

doctor several days before a trip, and re-read it as the date

approaches, repetition is important.

• Take your time to read, encourage your child to show you

expressions and/or gestures related to the story (this will help

them retain the information)

Take your time to read, encourage your child to show you

expressions and/or gestures related to the story (this will help

them retain the information)

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How to make a Social Story

Social stories use four different types of sentences: descriptive,

directive, perspective, and control. These sentences are used to

describe different social situations and settings using step-by-step

directions for the desired activity. The stories detail, using positive

terms, the desired behaviors “The greater the number of directive

statements, the more specific the cues for how the individual should

respond. (Edelson, 2017)

When writing a Social Story, it is important to use action phrases

i.e.” I will ________, when I (verb)”. These phrases should demonstrate

the type of behavior you expect from your child. You may also include

addressing their emotions during certain situations and techniques to

help them regulate their emotions. For example, “Sometimes I get

angry. Before I say something mean I will take 3 deep breaths”

Components of a Social Story

Like any other story, they should have and introduction,

body, and conclusion.

Each story should have a title addressing the area of

concern such as: ‘When I get dressed’ or ‘When I go to the

bathroom’

Personalize your story with pictures to make it interesting

Stick to the four types of sentences:

o Descriptive: What happens? What are they doing?

Who is involved? Etc.

Use ‘sometimes’ or ‘usually’ (never always)

o Directive: What is the desired response?

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o Perspective: Describe how others react and why, How

do they feel?

o Control: end the story with “I can ______” it is

important to show a child they can control their

actions/reactions/emotions in other environments and

it ends on a positive note.

Carol Gray created a screening instrument to determine if a story

is really is a Social Story. I have provided a link to this screen in the

appendix, as it is copywritten; but available for private use. This tool

may help you when writing your own social stories.

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References

Edelson, M. (2017) Social Stories. Retrieved from:

https://www.Autism.com/treating_social

Cosgrave, G. (2017) Are Social Stories Effective? Retrieved from:

http://www.educateAutism.com/social-stories/are-social-stories-

effective.html

Gray, C. (2017) Social Stories: What is a Social Story? Retrieved

from: http://carolgraysocialstories.com/social-stories/what-is-it/

Resources for creating your own Social Story

Using the Autism Speaks Personalized Stories Templates. (n.d.).

Retrieved April 4, 2017, from

https://www.bing.com/cr?IG=DBB874FF38BB42ECB945313A41A

9BFCD&CID=3F5A7131908164BF25A87B6B91B065AD&rd=1&h

=PV1Si5tVR3UtnMPWQjGjG9-zDnwm_fayfH0EKZvRH-

c&v=1&r=https%3a%2f%2fwww.Autismspeaks.org%2fsites%2fde

fault%2ffiles%2fdocs%2fhow_to_use_personalized_stories.pdf&p

=DevEx,5061.1

Basic Social Story Plan. (2013) Elsa Support: Supporting

Emotional Literacy. Retrieved from: http://www.elsa-

support.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/Social-story-plan.pdf

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Appendix A

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Appendix B

Guidelines on how to Make sure your Social Story, is a

Social Story. This pdf is copywritten but available for private use,

so I have provided a link.

Gray, C. (2015) Is the story in your hand a Social Story? Ask

Carol Gray. It’s NOT a Social Story is…Retrieved from:

http://carolgraysocialstories.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/It-

is-NOT-a-Social-Story-if....pdf