The Birth of the Industrial

Revolution 5.1 | The Smoke has Settled, so Let’s Make

More

Britain c.1750 Majority of people live agriculturally

Local lifestyle; limited movement

By 1850 – Industry expands – cities expand – communications expand – Trans-Atlantic Telegraph (10 days)

Agriculture Expands Neolithic Revolution to 1700 AD Education

Soil exhaustion Mechanical seeder Tulips in the Netherlands

Land enclosure Efficiency outweighs equality

The Black ForestAnd I mean Europe

Yes, it was once a HUGE forest, hence the name

So what happened?

Coal New, efficient, and

everywhere Powered steam engines

that would power the industrial revolution

More coal = more production = more power Soon, Everything was run

by steam machines using coal

Visitors to these CitiesDescribed them as… “cloud of coal vapor”

Pounding noise of steam enginesFilthy stench of river

Social Stratification What we were working with

Wealthy (nobility) Somewhat wealthy (merchants, bankers, and such) Not wealthy (farmers and c.85%)

Industrial Revolution = entrepreneurs from private enterprise = new social class Bourgeoisie = collection of the somewhat wealthy and

the emerging wealthy “Rags to Riches” Eager to “get ahead”

Capitalism Takes Root Private enterprise invests in

technology (capital) to out produce

Quality vs. Quantity Mercantile system as “dumping

grounds” The Wealth of Nations

Society begins to divide

Those not with the wealthy or bourgeoisie were left behind

Industrial working class Lived outside the pleasant

emerging neighborhoods Stuck in the stanky slums Contained in dirty, polluted

tenements No running water No sewage No waste system – rotting

garbage everywhere Runoff into rivers –

contaminated water and stunk

Life in the factories The good ole times (agricultural)

Worked hard but … Safer, cleaner, at your own pace, and seasonal

Industrial society 12 to 16 hour shifts; 6 or 7 days a week No regular breaks, no safety equipment – limb loss was

common Hazardous dust everywhere – Mines Labor protests – Unions

Women can work?

I suppose, but let’s pay them half as much, make them work as much, and then make them go home and care

for their entire families

The Cotton IndustryBritain’s Industrialization

Capitalism = Competition = Innovation = Wealth = Cost of goods = Wages = Strong

economy

The Ball Begins to Roll

Production soars = wealth grows = population grows = demand grows

Factories born Speed of movement required

grows Transportation grows Canals, locomotives, steam

powered engines

Urbanization Cities grow as centers of

productivity Land enclosure =

increased productivity and increased labor pool Factories hire cheap

labor Manchester, GB pop

1750 – 17,000 1801 – 70,000