the camera - somerville public schools · 2016. 10. 6. · film compartment-where the...
TRANSCRIPT
The Camera
Traditional SLR and Digital SLR
So what are cameras?
A camera is a device that records/stores
images. These images may be still
photographs or moving images such as
videos or movies.
Camera’s can act as time capsules that
record the information and personal
response of options and themes that take
place in life. A lot of photographers choose
to use cameras to explore their
experiences.
SLR
Single Lens Reflex Camera
DSLR
Digital Single Lens Reflex Camera
Camera Parts
Film advanced lever- A device, usually
on the top of the camera, that winds the
film forward a measured distance so an
unexposed segment moves into place
behind the shutter.
Flash Shoe -Base where the flash
slides into
Rewind lever- A device, usually at the
top of the camera, for winding film back
into a cassette once it has been
exposed.
Film compartment- Where the canister/cassette of film resides.
Viewer-An opening in the camera through which the photographer can see the scene to be photographed.
Camera back- exactly that, the back covering of the camera.
Take-up spool - where you feed the beginning of the strip of film and is where the film rolls onto once the camera advances.
Rewind button- Located on the bottom of the camera and is used after all film is finished. Must be pressed while using the rewind crank to reel the film back into the canister/cassette.
LCD-Liquid
Crystal
Display(battery killer)
DSLRHow it works…
Photography with an SLR is
all about how light interacts
with film and with paper.
Cameras are designed to control the amount of
light that reaches film.
With a DSLR it is all about
how light interacts and gets
recorded on to a micro card.
There are 3 aspects
of Exposure:(Also know as exposure triangle)
1) Aperture (Depth of field)
2) Shutter Speed (duration-time)
3) ISO (sensitivity to light)
ISO
For BOTH cameras
ApertureAperture- is the opening that light
travels through when it reaches your film.
The __ bigger ___ the hole of the aperture,
the more light that gets through. The
_ smaller _ the hole of the aperture the
smaller the amount of light that reaches
your film.
These are known
as BLADES
bigger aperture opening smaller aperture opening
Apertures range in size of the opening
Shutter SpeedShutter-speed– How fast your camera’s shutter speed
opens and closes to expose the sensor. The longer the
shutter is open the more light is exposed to the sensor
and vice-versa.
The __ faster _ the shutter speed, the __ sharper ___ the
moving object will appear.
Fast vs. Slow - Shutter Speed
Your shutter
speed will
change
towards your
subject-matter
and the effect
you want to
create.
1
2
4
8
15
30
60
125
250
500
1000
The shutter speeds are
expressed as fractions.
1 over a number.
1/1 is 1
1/250 is 250
Both on the SLR and
DSLR it is the SAME.
Take the denominator
On this DSLR (below) what is the
shutter speed?
What is the aperture set to?
Here is what an SLR would look like.
It is a dial
On this traditional SLR (above) what is
the shutter speed?
When looking
through the
viewfinder of an
SLR here is what it
may look like.
When looking
through a DSLR
here is what it
may look like.
Apertures and
Shutter Speeds
Work together!
Film Speed
Known as: ISOISO - is the light sensitivity of either the
film or sensor in a camera. Can range
from 50 to 3200.The ISO speeds most common are:
ISO 100 or 200- use in high light outside with sunny
conditions
ISO 400 to 800- use in medium light or a cloudy day
to evening
ISO 1600- use in low light or night time
More grain
or noise
Less grain
or noise
Only changing the
ISO…Which one
would you choose?
__Slower__ the film _smaller_ the grain.
Slower film speed also has more
accurate color.
A _fast_ film will let the photographer
use a shutter speed of 1/500 sec.
(traditional) _Grain_ are the little dots that
make up the picture.
(digital) They are like _pixels_ which
make up a digital photo.
Image AreaUsing different lenses
normal
Wide-angle
telephoto
*The most
commonly
used normal
lens is 50 mm.
Any between
about 40 and
58 mm are also
considered
normal
Camera
ShakeCamera shake- is a phenomena that
happens when you have a slow shutter speed
and you can’t hand hold the camera without
moving a little bit.
Solution: use a tripod
Motion BlurMotion blur- is something that happens
when there is an object in the picture that is
moving too fast for the shutter speed being
used to freeze the motion.
To correct this so you can SEE the cyclist use a technique called:
PANNING
PanningPanning - is the act of moving
the camera with a relatively slow shutter speed
so that the camera follows the movement of the
moving object in the scene. The background is
blurred as a result.
Depth of FieldDepth of field - the distance between the nearest and
the furthest objects that give an image judged to be
in focus in a camera.
The _ larger __ the opening the __ narrower __ the
depth of field.
The _ smaller _ the opening the __wider __ the
depth of field.
narrow wide
When the lens is focused at infinity,
everything at some distance away and
farther will be sharp: with this lens at f/22
everything WILL BE SHARP from 50 ft.
Is useful when you
are not sure if an
exposure is correct
or if you want to
see the results from
different exposures
of the same scene.
F 1.4
F 5.6
F 8
When all else fails use bracketing.
When all else fails use bracketing
ORIGINAL: shutter
speed 1/60 and f/5.6
Then bracket for one
stop MORE
exposure which is
shutter speed 1/60
and f/4.
Then you would
bracket one stop
LESS exposure
which is shutter
speed 1/60 and f/8
(A step up (doubling)
or down (halving) by
one EV is called a
“stop”.)
F 1.4
F 5.6
F 8
ADVANTAGES:
• SLR camera’s are good for
taking pictures from a long
distance
•suitable for mid-shots.
•suitable for professional and
amateur use
•Easy to adjust the camera settings
• more flexibility
• better image quality
• better performance
• easily upgradeable
•can change lens (more flexibility)
DISADVANTAGES:
• most are big and heavy
• overall accessories and gear
(including lenses) is very heavy
• hard to operate initially
• difficult to change lenses
continuously
• difficult to operate numerous
buttons
• expensive initially
• susceptible to dust contamination
and damage
THEN…There is also a point and shoot camera.
Acts similar to your phone we will talk a
little more about this later…
Photo Journalism Fashion
photographypaparazzi
Wedding photography
Landscape photography
Art
created photography
Still life photography
portraiture
There are lots of different styles of photography
and types of pictures one can take.
Travel
photography
How to use a SLR camera- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OA0MM30i244&feature=email
Getting ready to use your SLR camera- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mP-mSJPYviM&feature=email
An overview of SLR cameras-
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ebG855de42k&feature=BFp&list=WLF9CBC7794E2DB972&index=2
How to use wide-angle lenses on your digital SLR-
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gtso_zBDmns&feature=BFa&list=WLF9CBC7794E2DB972&index=3
How to use zoom and telephoto lenses on your digital SLR- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-
O4yNVV3wBQ&feature=BFa&list=WLF9CBC7794E2DB972&index=4
Understanding your digital SLR's mode dial-
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r_EQHuk0634&feature=BFa&list=WLF9CBC7794E2DB972&index=5
Using your digital SLR's shutter priority mode-
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9HeEIWYXgB8&feature=BFa&list=WLF9CBC7794E2DB972&index=6
An overview of digital SLR lenses-
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_8jdmyF6BSo&feature=BFa&list=WLF9CBC7794E2DB972&index=7
Using your digital SLR's aperture priority mode-
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O2i2DqsTVl0&feature=BFa&list=WLF9CBC7794E2DB972&index=8
How to take close-up shots with your digital SLR-
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bgs8ajLm6xs&feature=BFa&list=WLF9CBC7794E2DB972&index=9
Macro Photography Tutorial- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GjEFVxMi6HY&feature=related
We will soon….
Review the darkroom and developing a
print.