the campanile minarets of the southern herzegovina_machiel kiel
DESCRIPTION
The Campanile Minarets of the Southern Herzegovina_Machiel KielTRANSCRIPT
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Table 1: List of mosques with square-minarets in Herzegovina
Place Location Name, date, state of preservation.
1Donja Bijenja
Nevesinjsko polje
elebi/Surkovi damija (ill. 12); undated; destroyed in 1992 but perfectly reconstructed in 2006-7.
2 Bilea Predojevia damija (ill. 13), ca. 1575; still standing as a roofless ruin.
3 Bijeljani Dabarsko poljeVillage mosque (ill. 8), first half of the 17th century; set on fire in WW II; still standing today as a roofless ruin, unprotected.
4 Dabrica Near StolacMosque of Sefer Aa (ills. 2-3), 1610/1; half destroyed in 1992-5, reconstructed in 2004-5 and reopened in October 2005.
5 Glavatievo Konjic districtIdentified by Amra Hadimuhamedovi; no further details. The present mosque of Glavatievo has a minaret of a circular form.
6 Hatelj Dabarsko polje Ca. 1600-30; demolished in 1960.
7 KljuniNevesinje district
Undated; destroyed in 1992-5; rebuilt after 2000 in a different style.
8 KruanjPodvele, Mostar district
Undated mosque; in 1975 the square minaret (ca. 10 m high) was demolished and in the following year replaced by a concrete one in the usual form; destroyed in 1992.
9 Korita Bilea district 17th century (?); destroyed.
10 KruevljaniPridvorci, Nevesinje district
Village mosque (ill. 10), mid-16th century; destroyed in 1992 and completely reconstructed in 2007.
11 MostarMosque of Fatima Kadun ari; built shortly before 1620, demolished in 1947.
12 NevesinjePerkuia Damija; built sometime between 1664 and 1769, demolished around 1960.
13 Plana Bilea districtAvdia damija, built in 1617 (ill. 9), destroyed during the 1992-5 war, the site having been made unrecognizable.
14 SvinjarinaPodvele, Mostar district
Village mosque built before 1766, when an imam from Svinjarina is mentioned in the Mostar court records. The square minaret was demolished in 1975 and in the following year replaced by a new one, built of concrete and with an octagonal shaft; destroyed in 1992.
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Nevesinje and the vil lages of Kruevljane and Donja Bijenja in the Plain of Nevesinje
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6%.1RSYY&I+DVDQGHGL0XVOLPDQVNDEDWLQDXLVWRQRM
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S+!EabC!M%?%*(+>%!'4*!#,,2)(%-!60!&%6%88(#2*!N#+"%+%.&(+*!4+-!84&.%80!62&+"!-#'+F!L$&%%!#/ !"$%!1#*Y2%*!'%&%!48*#!62&+"F!_%8(o--(+J*!1#*Y2%!'4*!&%)4(&%-!(+!EaaD3!62"!"$%!"#)!#/ !"$%!1(+4&%"!'4*!,$4+.%-F!S"!.#"!+#!HUHIH!62"!4!,#+(,48!,4)!4+-!#)%+(+.*! (+! "$%! *$4/"! &%1(+(*,%+"! #/ ! "$%! ,41@)4+(8%!1(+4&%"*!#/ ! "$%!%4&8(%&! 4.%F!L$%!1#*Y2%!*%&?%-! 2+"(8! "$%! 0%4&*! 6%"'%%+! "$%! "'#![#&8-![4&*!4+-!'4*!"$%+!2*%-!4!-%)#"F!L$%!1#*Y2%!#/ !=(+4+!c%-%!'4*!48*#!62&+"!-#'+!(+!EabCF!S"!'4*!UHVWRUHGLQDQGGHQLWLYHO\FORVHGLQ,Q+DVDQGHGLRQO\VDZWKHIRXUZDOOVVWLOOVWDQGLQJ 'XULQJ WKH ZDU WKH PRVTXH#/ !=28"4+!:40%5(-3!"$%!#+80!#+%!*"(88!4,"(?%3!'4*!-0+41("%-F!S+!BDDa!S!/#2+-!("*!-%6&(*!4"!4!-21)!#/ !62(8-(+.!14"%&(483!%(.$"!H1!+#&"$!#/ !"$%!"#'+3!#+!"$%!-!"#!O&(-?#&,(!4+-!O&%]%H4F!_%8(o--(+J*!1#*Y2%! *2//%&%-! "$%! *41%! /4"%! 4*! "$%! *28"4+(,!62(8-(+.F!S"*!*("%!(*!+#'!#,,2)(%-!60!4!)4&H(+.!8#"F!2QO\WKHUXLQRI 6LQDQ'HGHVPRVTXHKDVVXU@?(?%-F!S+!BDDa!("!'4*!(+!,#2&*%!#/ !&%62(8-(+.3!4+-!$4-!4.4(+!4!-##&3!'(+-#'*3!4+-!4!+%'!'##-%+!FHLOLQJ7KHIRXUZDOOVDQGWKHLUVSHFLFDOO\2W@WRPDQ ZLQGRZV VKRZ WKDW LW LV D "$! ,%+"2&0!62(8-(+.F
Kruevl janeL$%!*1488!4+-!*,4""%&%-!?(884.%!#/ !U&2]%?8>4+%!
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KRXVHKROGVXQWLOPRUHDGYDQFHGDJULFXOWXUDO1%"$#-*!14-%!4!*8(.$"!(+,&%4*%!)#**(68%F!
Table 2: population of the village of Kruevljane (in households)
1477 1499 1519 1585 1910 1991
Musl. Chr. Musl. Chr. Musl. Chr. Musl. Chr. Musl. Chr. Musl. Chr.0 25 0 25 13 36 31 0 28 2 33 3Total: 25 Total: 25 Total: 49 Total: 31 Total: 30 Total: 46Muslim: 0% Muslim: 0% Muslim: 26% Muslim: 100% Muslim: 93% Muslim: 91%
7KH PRVTXH ZDV GHVWUR\HG LQ DQG WKH?(884.%&*!'%&%!-&(?%+!#2"F`D! S"!'4*! &%62(8"! (+! BDDb!%R4,"80!4*!("!$4-!6%%+!6%/#&%3!(+!42"$%+"(,!/#&13!4+-!#+!"$%!*41%!/#2+-4"(#+*F!L$%!8#,48!N2*8(1*!$4-!+#!(-%4!$#'!#8-!"$%!62(8-(+.!'4*!4+-!)84,%-!"$%!"(1%!RI FRQVWUXFWLRQLQWKHHQGRI "$!Z!6%.(++(+.!#/ !E "`$FHQWXU\ZKLFKZDVZULWWHQRQWKHPDUEOHVODE[HGLQWKHZDOOQHDUWKHHQWUDQFHLOO
The elebi or Surkovi damija of Donja Bijenja.$VHFRQGH[DPSOHRI DFDPSDQLOHPLQDUHW
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
`D 0RVW0XVOLPLQKDELWDQWVUHWXUQHGWRWKHLUQDWLYHKRPHVLQDQGBDDbF!L$%!"$&%%!74"$#8(,!$#2*%$#8-*!#/ !U&2]%?8>4+%!-(-!+#"!&%"2&+F!L$%(&!8(""8%!,$2&,$3!4!6("!#2"*(-%!"$%!?(884.%3!&%14(+%-!2+"#2,$%-F
"4H(+.!(+"#!4,,#2+"!"$4"!#2&!)#)284"(#+!+216%&*!"4H%!6#"$!*(*"%&!?(884.%*!"#.%"$%&3!"$(*!1%4+*!"$4"!#2&!1#*Y2%! ,#28-! 4,,#11#-4"%! 4883! #&! 481#*"!4883!'#&*$())%&*!-2&(+.!G&(-40!)&40%&*!4+-!"$#*%!4,,#1)4+0(+.!"$%!.&%4"!/%4*"*F
,OO'RQMD%LMHQMDPRVTXHHDUO\WKFHQWXU\"GHVWUR\HGLQUHFRQVWUXFWHGLQ
A,,#&-(+.!"#!8#,48!"&4-("(#+3!"$%!1#*Y2%!'4*!EXLOW E\ WKH HOHEL RU 6XUNRYL IDPLOLHV 7KH4&,$("%,"*! '$#! &%,#+*"&2,"%-! "$%!1#*Y2%! 4/"%&!"$%!:#*+(4+![4&!*2..%*"%-!"$4"!"$%!1#*Y2%!'4*!62(8"!(+!"$%!Eb"$FHQWXU\VUVWGHFDGHV7KHSRSX@84"(#+!+216%&*!;$#2*%$#8-*
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Table 3: Population of the village of Donja and Gornja Bijenja (in households)
1477 1499 1519 1585 1910 1991
Musl. Chr. Musl. Chr. Musl. Chr. Musl. Chr. Musl. Chr. Musl. Chr.
0 41 53 60 61 53 72 6 100 0 69 33
Total: 41 Total: 113 Total: 114 Total: 78 Total: 100 Total: 102
Muslim: 0% Muslim: 47% Muslim: 53% Muslim: 92% Muslim: 100% Muslim: 68%
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,Q WKH PRVTXH ZDV EORZQ XS DQG LWV-%6&(*! ,8%4&%-!#2"F! S"!'4*!'$#880! &%,#+*"&2,"%-!(+! BDDb@a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b"$"$!,%+"2&(%*F!L$%!'$#8%!04&-!'4*!*2&+-@HGZLWK DQ PHWUHVORQJZDOO DOVRQDQFHG60!"$%!P2)%4+!7#112+("0F!L$%!.&4?%04&-!(*!4!)#(.+4+"!&%1(+-%&!#/ !S*841J*!/#&1%&!(1)#&"4+,%!(+!"$(*!/4&4'40!,#&+%&!#/ !"$%!#8-!S*841(,!'#&8-F
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