the cause of world unrest - howell gwynne

8/3/2019 The Cause of World Unrest - Howell Gwynne

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CORNELLUNIVERSITYLIBRARY

GIFT OFDept. of

Regional History


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Cornell University LibraryDS 141.C37Cause of world unrest;

3 1924 028 683 369


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Cornell UniversityLibrary

The original of tliis book is intine Cornell University Library.

There are no known copyright restrictions inthe United States on the use of the text.

http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028683369


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THE CAUSE OFWORLD UNREST

With an Introduction byTHE EDITOR OF"THE MORNING POST"(OF LONDON)

G. P. PUTNAM'S SONSNEW YORK AND LONDONtlbe iRnicfterbocfter ipress

1920


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Copyright, 1920,BY

G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS


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PUBLISHERS' NOTEOn the ground of its intrinsic historic importance,and of the widespread interest it has attracted onthe other side of the Atlantic, there seems to begood warrant for the publication of an Americanedition of The Cause of the World's Unrest.The American pubUshers desire to make clear,however, that they do not accept responsibility

for the soundness of the conclusions presented inthis volume. They have issued the book becauseof their belief that the American reading publicshould be afforded an opporttmity of examiningthe material.

It is the contention of the author that certain ofthe plans for domination outlined in the documentsupon which his volume is based have apparentlybeen followed in the recent movements in Russia.The publishers desire to point out, what the

author of the volume has himself emphasized, that,while the statements presented do reflect upon thepurpose and the actions of certain groups of Jews,


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PREFACE TO AMERICAN EDITIONThere have been innumerable occasions whenthe loyalty of a new citizen to his new Statehas been admirable: on the other hand, bothhere and in America, we have found that raceinstincts have been stronger than oaths ofallegiance.But in the case of the Jews, we find a peoplewhich has preserved both its religious and its

racial ideals intact through many generations ofcruel persecution. A race which has persisted inspite of such terrific pressure, constantly appliedand often without mercy or justice, must be ac-knowledged to be a great and virile nationality inthe mere fact of its persistence. But when weconsider that this race has not merely persisted,but has achieved enormous power and influence inevery civilized country, our admiration is easilyaroused. Yet there is another side to the pic-ture. How are you to regard these strangersin your midst? Are they Americans, JewishAmericans, or American Jews? The answerto this question is the solution of the Jewishproblem.Jews will, however, reply with assurance that

they are not a race but a religion and that to differ-entiate between them and other religious bodies


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PREFACE TO AMERICAN EDITIONis sheer prejudice and bald Anti-Semitism. In somecases this claim is justified. There are in EnglandJewish families which have lived here for centuriesand their devotion to their country is beyondquestion. It is necessary to distinguish, therefore,between those Jews who have definitely adopted asingle nationality and those to whom the Jewishnationality is the only one that counts. How isone to distinguish? There again lies anothergreat problem in this greater problem of Jewry inthe world. Roughly speaking, the only way tomark out a line which would separate the goodJewish citizen from the bad Jewish citizen is toapply the political test. As a rule, though it is notwithout exceptions, a Jew who is politically activein a country is also racially active. But there are,of course, many Jews who are indifferent to thepolitics of the country in which they live and yetare ardent Jewish nationalists. In a word, be-cause the Jews can and do possess a dual nation-ality, they must remain suspect from the point ofview of the man who acknowledges exclusiveallegiance to a single country. This suspicion,which seems to me to be natural and by nomeans exaggerated, goes by the name of Anti-Semitism.


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PREFACE TO AMERICAN EDITIONAre the great mass of Jews working towards a

definite goal or are they mere ordinary citizensagainst whom envy, suspicion, and long-datedreligious animosity have provoked an unfairprejudice? The answer to this question will befound i!n this book. Lately there has been pub-lished both in America and England a translationof a work entitled "The Protocols of the Eldersof Zion." It is difficult to say whether or not itis a genuine document. I am quite sure that, if ithad been published in these cotmtries ten yearsago, it would have been received with incredulityand, perhaps, contempt. But today, after ourexperience of the War, the Peace Conference, andthe doings of the Jews in Russia, it has receivedeverywhere a great deal of earnest study and con-sideration. Many of its prophecies are beingfulfilled before our eyes and, because of this, weare justified in giving to it a greater credence thancould have been possible ten years ago. Jewishwriters and newspapers have denied with indigna/-tion the authenticity of the protocols. But evenif indisputable proof were adduced tomorrow thatthey are a forgery, there would still be asked thesame question which the protocols have provokedand are provoking every day. Have the Jews


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PREFACE TO AMERICAN EDITIONa foreign policy of their own with a definite endin view?

It would be difficult to deny to that section ofJewry which is best described as political, a defin-ite national policy. There is nothing inherentlywrong or improper in this. All that we Gentilesask is that acknowledgment should be made thatsuch is the case. When that is made clear, wecan then judge whether or not such policy is toour advantage and we can act accordingly. Yetmany Jews attempt to deny that they have anypolitical ambitions apart from the interests of thecountry in which they live. This denial can carryno weight, as the reader will acknowledge afterreading these pages. And it becomes incumbentupon us therefore to study the nature and scopeof this Jewish policy in order to see how far it iscompatible with our own national policies. Thisbook is an attempt to give an outline of the po-litical aims and objectives of political Jewry. Buta word of warning is necessary. Political Jewrydoes not comprise all Jewry. There are manyJewish citizens both in America and here whodiffer from the rest of us only in their religion. Ablind Anti-Semitism directed against all Jews isboth bad policy and an act of injustice to Jewry.


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PREFACE TO AMERICAN EDITIONBut while we must be just, we must also be firmin our determination not to allow a duality ofnational policy in one and the same citizen.

H. A. GWYNNE,Editor The Morning Post,

London.September, 1920.


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INTRODUCTIONThose who have studied their history must attimes have been astonished at the ease with whichpopular movements, honest and sincere in them-selves, have been manipulated by clever andunscrupulous men to their own personal advantageor to further their own political aspirations. Thepeople have throughout the ages presented apathetic spectacle. Time and again they havebeen used with most barefaced effrontery as ameans of producing results which they them-selves never desired. Indeed, in many cases,they have suffered terribly from their own achieve-ments. Nothing is more pitiful than the persistentbetrayal of the people by their leaders and nothingmore splendid than the people's refusal to believeit. In earlier history popular movements weredifficult to create and direct unless they werepurely local. Kings, princes, governors stoodbetween the masses and their exploiters. Dis-tances, too, were great in the days before railways,


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vi INTRODUCTIONand commtinication was difficult. But, roughly-speaking, the people were prevented by establishedauthority from being victimized. Today all thatis changed, and we now live in an age which will beknown, perhaps, in history as the age of the ex-ploitation of the people.

This exploitation of the people has in lateryears become something of a fine art. The partymachine, which was at first merely the instrumentby which a party tried to impress its views on theelectors, has in many cases taken charge of theparty, so that this machine and not its leadersdecides what shall or what shall not form part ofthe programme. Battle cries, "slogans, " phrases,and catchwords, deliberately framed so that theyshould conceal the truth or create a false impressionhave now become part of nearly every politicalcampaign. Do our politicians ever ponder overthis surprising fact, that the greatest response to asemi-political appeal that England has ever seentook place in 19 14-15, when the call was to go outto death? And they have so Httle knowledge ofthe people they govern that they are surprisedwhen the most tempting of battle cries, telling thepeople how much they can have for the mere ask-ing, remain without result. The explanation of


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INTRODUCTION viithis is simple enough and yet it is far too high forthe understanding of the mere politician. It con-sists in this truth, that the people of this country-can only be really roused by an appeal to theirbetter nature. That is the strength of England.We are seeing today how the exploitation ofthe people can be achieved with comparative easebecause the people throughout the civilized worldis enfranchised and there is no one to stand be-tween the exploiters and the exploited. If we lookback in history, we shall find that the disappear-ance of this intermediate influence has not beenaltogether fortuitous. There have been kingswho exploited their people just as Lenin is todayexploiting the Russian people, but they havemostly paid forfeit with their thrones, as Lenin oneday will pay forfeit with his life. But the tempta-tion to get at the people and to use them for endsto which they are indifferent and of which they areignorant has been great. The pages of this bookwill trace the threads of a conspiracy engineeredby people whose main object has been to destroyutterly anythingkings, governments, or institu-tionswhich might stand between them and thepeople they would exploit.Many who read the story of this subterranean


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viii INTRODUCTIONscheming as it is unfolded in this book may perhapsbe disinclined to admit the correctness of theauthor's statements because of the startling con-clusions to which they lead up. But I would urgethe reader to cast aside all prejudices and to judgethe facts brought out on their merits as facts andto suggest, if he can, other conclusions. The mainoutline of the contents of this book is, in brief,that there has been for centuries a hidden con-spiracy, chiefly Jewish, whose objects have beenand are to produce revolution, communism, andanarchy, by means of which they hope to arrive atthe hegemony of the world by establishing somesort of despotic rule.The "Protocols of the Elders of Zion, " an edi-

tion of which has been published in England, havearoused tremendous interest and a storm of protest.It will be noticed by the reader that the editorsof the volume have taken particular care not toassume the authenticity of these protocols. Theymay or may not be genuine. Their present im-portance lies in the fact that, while the book whichcontains them was published in 1905, the JewishBolsheviks are today carrying out almost to theletter the programme outlined in the protocols.

I have said that this secret revolutionary move-


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INTRODUCTION ixmerit seems to have been engineered chiefly byJews. It is about time that somebody spoke outfrankly on this subject. I myself have severalJew friends. One of them I shall always rememberwith gratitude, for he would give me no peace inthe years before the war until he had convinced meof the German danger. At his own expense hedespatched a man to visit the various dockyardsof Germany and the information thus obtainedwas found extremely useful. Now this man is asgood a patriot as I am, but I say that there arecertain bad Jews who have conspired and are con-spiring against stable government ; I point out thatover 80 per cent, of the present Bolshevik Govern-ment are Jews, and that the Bolshevik movementoutside Russia is chiefly directed by Jews.

If I cast doubt upon the political integrity ofany Jew, or even if I disagree with his policy, I amdubbed an anti-Semite. This is not just. I accusethe Jews themselves of creating anti-Semitism andI will proceed to give my reasons.The Jews are justly proud of their race, which,

in spite of every sort of difiiculty, has not onlypersisted throughout the ages, but has achieved aposition of great power and influence in nearlyevery civilized country. Persecution and outside


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X INTRODUCTIONpressure have taught them to stand together, andthe tradition of unity is as strong, if not stronger,today. They may quarrel among themselves, butthey unite instantly and almost unconsciouslyagainst any criticism from outside. The result isthat a critic of a prominent individual Jew or of aparticular Jewish policy, who begins with no sortof prejudice against Jewry, finds arrayed againsthim the serried and united ranks of Jewry. It is nouse his declaring that his objections are not toJewry, but to a particular Jew or a particularJewish policy. He is dubbed an anti-Semite, witha consequence that he has to accept the epithetand, in some cases, on the principle of the dog withthe bad name, promptly proceeds to justify it.

I will give a concrete instance of this. A fewmonths ago, as a result of the Peace Conference,Great Britain accepted a mandate for Palestine,and, true to her word, proceeded to carry out herpromise to provide a home for Jews in that country.At the present moment the population of Palestineconsists of 80 per cent. Arabs and 20 per cent.Christians, Jews, and other religions. The Arabsare in a highly excited state of mind, because theyknow of the intention of the British Governmentto afford Jews a home in Palestine. Naturally they


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INTRODUCTION xiare asking each other what is to become of themif the Jews come into their country in great num-bers. They are not ignorant of the fact that therehas been started a great Jewish fund of 25,000,000to aid the immigration of Jews into their country.The situation is a highly dehcate one. On theone hand is the declared British policy, on theother the Arab inhabitants, fearful about theirfate. To deal with such a critical state of thingstact and, above all, impartiality was required.The British Government for some extraordinaryreason appointed Sir Herbert Samuel, a Jew, to beHigh Commissioner for Palestine. In the opinionof the Morning Post it was a dangerous and animproper appointment. Were Sir Herbert Samuelthe greatest of men and a very Solomon for wisdom,the appointment would still be a gross mistake,for even the loftiest motives and the most impar-tial application of justice were bound to be mis-understood. I have never yet met in privateconversation a Jew or a Christian who defendedthe appointment. Yet when the Morning Postprotested against it, the Jewish papers came outwith bitter attacks, and with the usual accusationsof anti-Semitism. Cannot the good Jews see thatthis is a mistaken policy? It creates, as I said


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xii INTRODUCTIONbefore, anti-Semitism. The objection to SirHerbert Samuel's appointment was justified onevery count. If the British Government hadproposed Sir Edward Carson as Viceroy of Ireland,that step would be exactly on all fours with thechoice of a Jew as High Commissioner of Palestine.Surely criticism of such an obviously unwise de-cision might have passed without arousing thestupid cry of anti-Semitism.The question which every reader of this book

will want to have answered is whether there is aJewish Peril and, if so, what are its ramifications.That there is a Jewish Peril I have no sort ofdoubt, but we must guard ourselves against gen-eralizations. It is easy to prove that a certainsection of the Jews in the world are engaged in amighty attempt to destroy the established rule inmany countries and to bring this world into com-munistic brotherhood. The thing is taking placebefore our eyes. But it would be downrightwicked to ascribe to Jewry as a whole this madand dangerous policy. In that direction Hes thedanger, the hideous danger of a violent and indis-criminate anti-Semitism. It must be averted bythe Jews themselves. The honest, patriotic Jewsmust come forward and denounce and no longer


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INTRODUCTION xiiidefend the revolutionaries of their race. Theyshould refuse to approve of any policy which tendsto undermine the pillars of civiHzed society, forthe time has come when there can be no sitting onthe fence; those who are not with us are against us.The pages of this book will tell the tale of this

conspiracy against civilizationfor that is reallywhat it amounts to. Perhaps I may be excusedif I give a brief summary of the circumstances andthe deductions irresistibly proceeding from themwhich brought one to the conclusion that the causesof the present world's unrest were not fortuitousbut the result of a definite plan. When the warbroke out, it seemed, and I believe it was, a simple,plain, straightforward struggle between a peoplewhose pride in their warlike achievements hadforced them along the direction of a world he-gemony and the countries who refused to accept it.During the war it was impossible to shut one'seyes to the fact that a certain section of the Jewsdid not desire to see Germany vanquished. The"peace without victory" suggestion had manysupporters in international circles where Jews hadinfluence. Again, I must warn the reader that hemust not accept this statement as a suggestionthat Jewry throughout the war was pro-German.


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xiv INTRODUCTIONBut it is true that there was observable in certainJewish circles a tenderness for Germany which wecould not understand. Then came the PeaceConference in Paris, where this tenderness forGermany became more and more marked. Thetheory which prevailed at the Armistice that Ger-many had offended against humanity and there-fore had to be punished, just as a man is hangedfor murder, was displaced gradually by sugges-tions that leniency was the best policy. All thatthe ordinary man could make of it aE was thatGermany was getting off remarkably Ughtly.Later on at the Conference we come to a phasein the proceeding where it is possible to say thatJewish influence did materially affect the pohcyof the Allies. I refer to Poland, and I do not makethis assertion at random, but I base it on thespeeches and statements of Jews themselves orJewish newspapers.The policy of the Allied and Associated Powers

was avowedly the creation of a strong Poland. Nocountry can be strong in these days of commerceand industry unless it has an outlet on the seaTherefore, it was obvious from the first that Dant-zig must be part of the newly constituted Poland.Again, no country can hope to remain strong unless


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INTRODUCTION xvit has full powers of government over all its in-habitants within its boundaries. From the veryoutset it was obvious that there was going to be adesperate struggle in Paris to defeat all attemptsto create a strong Poland. The Jews openly threwtheir influence on the anti-Polish side. The JewishDelegation sat throughout the Conference andstrained every nerve to deny Dantzig to the Polesand to create special privileges for the Jews inPoland. In this matter Jewish policy was in op-position to British policy. Our Foreign Office,which has been subjected to a most deliberate andsubtle campaign of calumny, declared in Paristhat Dantzig was the test of our policy, and that afree and strong Polish Government was essentialin British interests. Here our interests and Jewishinterests were at variance. We are entitled to askwhat was the attitude of British Jews at this crisis.Were they British first and Jews afterwards, orJews firstBritish afterwards? Is it a mereaccident that at the moment I write the wholeforce of Bolshevism in this country is being or-ganized to force our Government to allow Russiato occupy Warsaw?

All this time the Jewish Junta in Russia wasworking with feverish activity to extend its loath-


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xvi INTRODUCTIONsome propaganda in other countries. With theArmistice came two Bolshevist attempts in ourcountry. Glasgow and Belfast tried to put intopractice here the theories of Bolshevism. Theseattempts were dead failures, and it was obviousthat Sovietism would not be carried by a coup demain in this country. So our enemies and theenemies of civilization, the Jew Bolsheviks, de-termined upon another plan. There was nothingsecret in this. The substitution of a slower systemof undermining civilization in this country was an-nounced from the housetops, so to speak. Hereare the Jew-Bolsheviks' orders to their sym-pathizers in this country

"If such elements (Bolsheviks and Spar-tacists) increase in numbers and strength,everything may get changed. At first it isnecessary: (i) The centre of gravity of thestruggle must be outside of Parliaments (strikes,revolts, insurrections, etc.); (2) the struggleinside the Parliaments must be closely connectedwith the struggle outside; (3) the representa-tives must take part in general organizationwork; (4) the representatives must act bydirections of the Central Committee and beresponsible to it ; (5) they must not conform tothe Parliamentary manners and customs.


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INTRODUCTION xvii"We have to state again that the most vital

part of the struggle must be outside of Parlia-menton the street. It is clear that the mosteffective weapons of the workers against Capital-ism are : The strike, the revolt, armed insurrec-tion. Comrades have to keep in mind the follow-ing: Organization of the Party, instalment ofthe Party groups in the Trade Unions, leader-ship of the masses, etc. Parliamentary activitiesand participation in elections must be used onlyas a secondary measureno more." {Call,April 22, 1920.)It required no very intelligent reading of events

to guess at such a plot without this clear andprecise declaration of policy. The disastrous re-sults were quite plain and obvious, and a definiteplan was revealed to the most careless of observers.From the day of the Armistice until today not asingle week has passed without a strike. Industryis thoroughly unsettled and the future is darkindeed. The aim of these wreckers is to produceby the next winter such general unemployment asto ensure a discontented population on which towork. It is a diabolical plan, but, from their pointof view, it is by no means a difficult one to achieve.The exploitation of the people has been brought toa fine art. Every one of these men is an advocate


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xviii INTRODUCTIONof despotic government, but they work under theflag of extreme democracy, anarchy, or commun-ism. Posing as the friends of the working classes,they impose upon them with an ease which isdisturbing. The British working man is one ofthe most loyal creatures alive, and perhaps themost credulous. He will give generous supportto those who can persuade him that they areconcerned only for his welfare. He gets dailyand weekly evidence of the success of their en-deavours. Wages are increased, and with eachincrease the working man rubs his hands withsatisfaction, and blesses the people who havewrung it out of the hated capitalist. He doesnot see that, without increased production, in-creased wages will kill the industry from whichhe draws his wages. The Jew-Bolshevik policyis to kill that industry, so that unemployment,want, and discontent will ensue. Read theold revolutionary maxim, on which they acttoday:

"Want and opinion are the two agents whichmake all men act. Cause the want, governopinions, and you will overturn all the existingsystems, however well constituted they mayappear."


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INTRODUCTION xixLet us see to it that here in this country they

shall not have success. Yet we shall do well tobear in mind Karl Marx's declaration of poHcy inregard to this country, as quoted by Mrs. Webster.In 1870 he sent the following message to the In-ternationale at Geneva:

1. England is the only country in which a realSocialistic revolution can he made.

2. The English people cannot make this revo-lution.

3. Foreigners must make it for them.4. The foreign members, therefore, must retaintheir seats at the London board.5. The point to strike at first is Ireland, and in

Ireland they are ready to begin their work.Ten years ago this would have been regarded

as midsummer madness. Today the case ofIreland gives to this message the aspect of aprophecy almost fulfilled. We should do well,however, to keep our eyes on conditions in Eng-land, Scotland, and Wales. The destruction of ourindustries is going on apace. Our industrial exist-ence is dependent upon having a large field ofexportation. We least of all nations can continueto exist by "taking in each other's washing.". Atthe present moment we are filling up the huge


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XX INTRODUCTIONvoid in our home market caused by the war. Theseneeds will soon be met, and we shall then have toseek markets for our goods in South America,some parts of Europe, the Far East, and in our ownDominions. In these markets, which are neutral,we shall find rivals and shall have to expect severecompetition. Mr. SmiUie and his miners' execu-tive have increased the price of everything intowhich coal enters as a part of its manufacture, sothat our prices are enhanced and foreign mer-chants wUl be driven to cheaper markets at ourexpense. As it is, otir manufacttuers cannot givefirm quotations. They find themselves forced bythe disturbed industrial position in this countryto insert saving clauses in their contracts. Justat the present moment, with such leeway to makegood, foreign and neutral buyers are willing toput up with the inconveniences of varying prices,but this cannot last long. Those of our manufac-turers who have a long view are most pessimistic,and there are signs of increasing unemployment inthe near future.

This unemploymentthe constant dread of theworkingmanis,inmy opinion, deliberately createdby the hotheads of Labour. When the war ended,even with the high prices of labour, a prolonged


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INTRODUCTION xxiperiod of industrial progress and prosperity was insight. Labour could have, and no doubt wouldhave, secured its fair share, but Labour is losingthe opportunity, and distress, poverty, and un-employment threaten us. The moderate Labotirleader knows the danger, and has fought stoutlyfor his men. But a wave of mad communismthework of the Jew-Bolshevikshas caught up apowerful section of Labour, and there is not evenany pretence now of safeguarding the interests ofthe working man. It is all a political gamenationalization, direct action, and open revolution.What do they want, these people? A new heavenand a new earth, fashioned after their ideals?They seek the "proletarian dictatorship"-what-ever that may mean. Governments and theoriesof government must always be judged by theirresult. If the Jew-Bolsheviks had produced asystem by which the governed were happier, freer,and more prosperous than the peoples under othersystems, there would be every excuse for anyattempt to imitate them. But in Russia tradesunionism has been stamped out, religion mocked,liberty denied, and the will of the autocracy of theSoviets impressed on everybody. It is a system ofrule by terror. Whoever holds an opinion contrary


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xxii INTRODUCTIONto the Soviet Government is executed or im-prisoned. Disease is rampant, and from allaccounts which we get from Russia, never wasany country in such a desperately unhappy state.And this is what our extremists want for us?But is it? Communism, anarchy, and the

"dictatorship of the people" are words and con-vey nothing to the student of history and poUtics.They are mere terms used to describe phrases ofpolitical or popular movements. When they areachieved, there still remains a permanent system ofgovernment to devise. We must credit the leadersof Bolshevism with the power of seeing further thantheir noses, as the common phrase goes. Indeed,some of them are gifted with a very high inteUi-gence, though they seem to possess a low moralstandard. They have worked it out to the nthdegree. Communism cannot in the nature ofthings be the final end of their hopes and dreams.They know better perhaps than the highest ofhigh old Tories that it is not, and can never be,a permanent system of government. Indeed, inRussia, they have by their acts acknowledged thatthis is so. As for anarchy, it used to be a favouritesubject among the old Russian Nihilists, but ithas disappeared from all political programmes of


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INTRODUCTION xxiiithe Reds, and does not exist now, even as a politi-cal dream. There remains the "dictatorship ofthe peolpe." Luckily for us, it is not necessaryto ponder deeply over the meaning of this. Beingin actual and active existence in Moscow, we cansee exactly what it means, how it works, and themain results. This system of government, soalluring to the working man, and so utterly ini-mical to his interests, is run by a few men who haveusurped authority and have relegated the workingclasses to a position of serfdom, and are now work-ing with all seriousness for the hegemony of theworld. And 80 per cent, of them are Jews.

It would be unfair and un-English to arguefrom this that all Jews are Bolsheviks. But wemay fairly say that the time has come when everycountry in the world is entitled to ask its Jewswhat policy they intend to pursue towards thisnew and alarming danger. Here is a huge country,of enormous resources and illimitable wealth, beingrun by a company of Jews on a system which canbest be described as the denial of democracy. Itaims at spreading this abominable theory through-out the world. This is the boast of their own men,not our mere statement. In every country are tobe found today representatives of Sovietism, Jew


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xxiv INTRODUCTIONand Gentile, working feverishly and with excel-lent organization. In England we are seeing dailythe results of the propaganda. Bolshevists hereopenly declare their intentions to have Sovietgovernment, and they possess a paper, the DailyHerald, which is frankly and utterly Bolshevist.The political Jew, who is working for his nationand not for his religion, is active. He is everywhereworking with extraordinary activity towards thefiirtherance of Bolshevist plans. Is it not time toask those of our Jewish fellow citizens who do notshare the views of their fellows to speak outopenly and fearlessly ?The attitude of the English Jews is one of sur-

prise that their religion should subject them to sus-picion or differential treatment of any kind. Theysay in effect, "Why are we treated differently fromRoman Catholics, Wesleyans, Methodists, Churchof England, or any other religious community?"Recently in the Jewish Guardian (March 26, 1920)the attitude of English Jewry was thus described.

"Judaism is a religion, not a nation. It wasto Jews as members of a religious body thatnational rights have been vindicated at thePeace Conference ; and it is by Jews as membersof a religious body that Judaism will be guarded."


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INTRODUCTION xxvThese are admirable sentiments, most of which

every tolerant and generous Englishman willendorse. But perhaps he might ask the meaningof the phrase: "It was to Jews as members of areligious body that national rights have beenvindicated at the Peace Conference." We pre-sume that the writer intended to convey the ideathat the Peace Conference insisted on the Jews ofRoumania and Poland having special rights, be-cause they were a religious community and notbecause they were a separate national entity. Butlater on in the same article we have a remarkablepassage which tends to prove that there are a largenumber of Jews who desire a distinct nationalityfor themselves, apart altogether from their religion.

"Now, is this the policy of the Zionists, notto deprive Western Jews of nationality, but toacquire for such Eastern Jews as want it theopportunity of developing a civic sentiment,repressed and held in check where they dwell?If so, we would ask them four questions: (i)How far is this policy modified by the MinorityTreaties enacted and to be enacted, and by thejust desire to give them a fair trial? (2) Howdo the Zionist leaders propose to inform theirfollowers and others that Jewish 'Nationalism'outside Palestine is a mistaken term, without


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xxvi INTRODUCTIONfoothold in the present, or justification in thepast, or security in the future? (3) Are theywilling that Palestinians of other races andother creeds should share with Jews the civicsense of Palestine? And (4) how do they pro-pose to conciliate the help and co-operation of themany Jews, in whose behalf we are writing, who,untouched, as they are, by poUtical Zionism, arewilling, even anxious, to assist in the restorationof Palestine?"

It is obvious, then, that there is a large andpowerful section of Jews who cling to their na-tionality as much as they do to their religion.Indeed, the whole controversy in this matter boilsdown to the answer to the question, "Are Jewsworking as a distinct race or merely as members ofa distinct religion?

Let us try to seek the answer to this questionfrom the Jews themselves. The Jewish Guardianis out and away the ablest Jewish paper publishedin England. We must bear testimony to its fair-ness, broad-mindedness, and general excellence.It must be remembered that it was founded onlylast year as a protest against the curious attitudeof the other Jewish papers. In effect it is anti-Zionist and anti-revolutionary. It stands in rare


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INTRODUCTION xxviicontrast to the narrowness and bitterness of itsJewish rivals. Also the Guardian commands theservices of some of the best pens in British Jewry.In a leading article published August 6th of thisyear it refers to the question of nationality.

"We have never disguised our conviction,unpopular in places though it has been, thatZionism (or, more precisely, Zionist 'hotheads,'as Lord Curzon recently described them)brought grist to the miU of those anti-Semiteswho pretend that Jews are duo-national. Theconfusion between the philosophic 'nationalism,'which Mr. Leon Simon has expounded in arecent book, and the common nationality ofthe subjects of one ruler such as King George,has been as unfortunate as it is illogical. Westill hold that wiser counsels might have avoidedit, and that Jewish leaders, jealous for the goodname of other adherents to Judaism than theZionists, should always have been careful to dis-tinguish between the two uses of one word."Here we see the recognition of the accusation

that the Jews are a nation and the attempt to meetit by Mr. Leon Simon. The Jewish Guardian iscertainly "up against" the same accusation, andvery gallantly, and we believe sincerely, tries toprove that Judaism is a religion pure and simple.


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xxviii INTRODUCTIONBut facts are against it, and alas! facts from itsown pages.Some time in June, the Maccabeans honouredMr. Lucien Wolf at the Holbom Restaurant byinviting him to a banquet. The event is describedin the Jewish Guardian of June nth. Here is thefirst sentence

"Honour to whom honour is due, and allhonour to Mr. Lucien WoH , the man who foughtfor Jewish rights at Versailles last year."Now what precisely do the words "Jewish

rights" mean? If Judaism is a religion was thereany need to fight for its rights, since no country inthe world offers any obstacle to the exercise of hisreligion by any one of its nationals? So we con-clude that the "rights" were political and we seethe Jewish nation at work. If Mr. Lucien Wolfreceives the thanks of Jewry for fighting for Jewishrights at Versailles, then Sir Herbert Samuel will,no doubt, do his best to deserve the same thanksfor his fight for Jewish rights in Palestine.

Later on in the same account we come acrossanother significant passage. Here it is

"The second (message) was a letter from Mr.Israel Zangwill, pungent and self-reminiscent,


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INTRODUCTION xxixbut with truth at the bottom of it, as usual.'The Minority Treaties were the touchstone ofthe League of Nations, that essentially Jewishaspiration. And the man behind the MinorityTreaties was Lucien Wolf.'

I have itaHcized the description of the Leagueof Nations as being "that essentially Jewish as-piration." Was the establishment of the Leagueof Nations a religious or a poUtical question?Surely, by no stretch of imagination or sophistry,can the League of Nations be regarded as a re-Hgious matter. It was poHtical, and again we seethe Jewish nation at work.

In returning thanks for the many kind thingssaid of him at the banquet, Mr. Lucien Wolf'sreply is thus described

"Then came the sharing of the praise, firstto the Alliance Israelite, then to the Americans,then to the statesmanship and goodwill of theConference itself. The Anglo-Jewish membersof the Delegation might claim that the firstdetailed plan of the Minority Treaties was theirown. They discussed it with members of theCommission on New States, but the governingprinciple had first been accepted from them (my


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XXX INTRODUCTIONitalics) by the Allied and Associated Powers andby the League of Nations. Though in the ex-citement of hearing the Main Treaties all elsemight be well lost for the moment, he wouldremind them that the principle laid down inthe preamble to the Labour Convention, whichsecured the rights of the working classes andguaranteed them the protection of the Leagueof Nations, recognized that the rights of mi-nority populations were on exactly the sameplane."

Here is the political Jew at work for the Jewishnation. There is nothing deserving of blame inthis. If pohtical and intensely national Jews careto combine to secure privileges and rights for theirco-nationals throughout Europe, they deserve wellof Jewry, but the Jewish Guardian must not talknonsense of Judaism being only a religion. It maybe that, but in addition it is a strong, active poht-ical force, puUing strings in every country for thegood of Jewry.

It is here we join issue with those Jews who donot concern themselves with the political andnational aims and aspirations of their co-religion-ists. We want to know how we are to distinguishbetween the good citizen Jew and the politically


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INTRODUCTION xxximinded Jew who works for Jewry, right or wrong.In this country there are many Jews holdingimportant political offices. We want to know forcertain that if at any time British interests andJewish interests clash he will be British first andJewish afterwards. How are we to know this?I have shown and this book will show much moreamply the great political activity of the Jews.Cannot the good Jews see that it is difficult for usto tolerate this uncertainty, especially with theworld in its present state of unrest? We aregradually being forced to deny to Jews politicaloffice, unless we can be quite sure that it will beexercised on behalf of our country and Empireand not on behalf of the Jewish race throughoutthe world. We have seen at the Peace Conferencethe extraordinary and most successful workingsof the Jews among the delegates, and this bookwin prove that their efforts were almost entirelydirected towards safeguarding purely Jewish in-terests. It is impossible not to be amused at theassertion of Mr. Lucien Wolf that the principlelaid down in the preamble to the Labour Conven-tion, which secured the rights of the working classesand guaranteed them the protection of the Leagueof Nations, recognized that the rights of minority


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xxxii INTRODUCTIONpopulations were on exactly the same plane.Taken to pieces this means that in order to secureprivilege for the minorities (i.e., the Jews) it wasfound best to camouflage this step under the guiseof "securing the rights of the working classes''and guaranteeing them "the protection of theLeague of Nations"that essentially Jewishaspiration. Fancy our working men needing theprotection of the League of Nations, or the work-ing classes in any other country

This is the Jewish Peril, that a great numberof Jews, owning various nationahties and in somecases rising to great political power, are workingfor the rights of the Jewish nation. If there shouldcome occasions to such a Jew when the safety,honour, and welfare of the country of which he isa national are opposed to the safety, honour, andwelfare of the Jewish nation, on which side will hethrow the weight of his influence and power?That uncertainty is not lessened by the spectacleof a Jew-Bolshevik Government or by the remem-brance of Jewish national activity in Paris andelsewhere. If by giving expression to this policyof alarm and suspicion that is felt by many of myfeUow citizens, I am to be dubbed "anti-Semite"by the Jewish Press, then I suppose I must put up


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INTRODUCTION xxxiiiwith the epithet. But as long as I see a possibilityof the interests of this country and Empire beingrisked by uncertain allegiance, so long will I con-tinue to denounce it.

H. A. GWYNNE.Morning Post Office,

Aiigust, 1920.


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The Cause of World UnrestCHAPTER I

In the House of Commons, on November 5, 1919,Mr. Winston Churchill gave a very remarkableaccount of the Russian Revolution. He began by-quoting a passage from Ludendorff's book on thewar. It occurs in volume ii., page 509:"By sending Lenin to Russia [says Luden-

dorff], our Government did moreover assume agreat responsibility, but from the military pointof view his journey was justified. Russia had tobe laid low. But our Government should haveseen to it that we were not also involved in herfall."

So far Ludendorflf. Let us now see what Mr.Churchill has to say upon the implications of thispassage"Lenin was sent into Russia by the Germans

in the same way that you might send a phial con-


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2 THE CAUSE OP WORLD UNRESTtaining a culture of typhoid or of cholera to bepoured into the water supply of a great city, and itworked with amazing accuracy. No sooner didLenin arrive than he began beckoning a finger hereand a finger there to obscure persons in shelteredretreats in New York, in Glasgow, in Berne, andother countries, and he gathered together theleading spirits of a formidable sect, the most for-midable sect in the world, of which he was the highpriest and chief. With these spirits around him heset to work with demoniacal ability to tear topieces every institution on which the RussianState depended. Russia was laid low. Russiahad to be laid low. She was laid low in the dust.

"Colonel WardBut she is not dead yet."Mr. J. JonesWhy did you not declare waron him?"Mr. ChurchillHer national life was com-

pletely ruined; the fruits of her sacrifices werethrown away. She was condemned to long in-ternal terrors, and menaced by famine. . . . Hersufferings are more fearful than modern recordshold, and she has been robbed of her place amongthe great nations of the world."

Now let us carefully consider this gloomy, im-pressive, and almost terrifying passage. Whatdoes it mean? It means, first of all, that theGerman Imperial Government used an organiza-


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THE CAUSE OF WORLD UNREST 3tion"the most formidable sect in the world"for the destruction of Russia. Secondlyas wealso gather from LudendorfEthe German Gov-ernment ran a great risk"assumed a greatresponsibility"in letting loose this mysteriouspower. Thirdly, Ludendorff seems to suggestthat the German Government handled this powerclumsily, so that they were also brought down byit. Fourthlyand here we come to Mr. Churchillthe sect was not German only or Russian: itsleading spirits were drawn from New York,Glasgow, Berne, and other countries.

It was a power outside Germany, a power out-side Russia: it was a world-wide power. And itwas a power strong enough to bring Russia down,and also, if we are right in our interpretation ofLudendorff's words, to bring down the ImperialGerman Government and the House of Hohen-zoUern.What was it?Before attempting to answer this question,

let us make another quotation, this time from anauthor long dead. The Abb6 Barruel wrote hisMemoirs of Jacobinism towards the end of theeighteenth century. The English translation waspubHshed in 1 797-1 798. The Abbe traced the


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4 THE CAUSE OF WORLD UNRESTorigin of the French Revolution through a bewil-dering maze of secret societies, French and Ger-man, chiefly Masonic or pseudo-Masonic in form,and all inspired by a common plan. He suggestedthat the parent sect of the Revolution was theIlluminati founded by the famous "Spartacus"Weishaupt in Bavaria in 1776, and after describingthe sinister activities of this and other organiza-tions of a similar kind, he warned his readers inthese remarkable words

"You thought the Revolution ended in France,and the Revolution in France was only the firstattempt of the Jacobins. In the desires of a terribleand formidable sect, you have only reached thefirst stage of the plans it has formed for thatgeneral Revolution which is to overthrow allthrones, all altars, annihilate all property, efifaceall law, and end by dissolving all society."Now, the Abb6 Barruel's book caused a great

sensation at the time, and became the centre of agreat controversyboth in Europe and Americanow almost, if not quite forgotten. Among thosewho attempted to answer Barruel was Jean JosephMounier, famous in the early stages of the Revolu-tion as President of the National Assembly.


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THE CAUSE OF WORLD UNREST 5Mounier was one of those Liberal-Constitution-alists who seem doomed to be the dupes of theRevolutions over whose early stages they preside.Mounier then wrote a reply' to Barruel. In

this reply Mounier pointed out that the lUuminatihad been dissolved in 1787."How, therefore [he asked], could it have pro-

duced the Revolution of Prance which began in1789? True, we have been assured that it wascontinued in more secret forms ; but this assertionis out of all probability. . . . They who say theorder stiU exists ought to give up the attempt topersuade the Germans of it, who are witnesses ofthe conduct of those who established it. . . . Ifwe are to believe the writings of Dr. Robison andM. Barruel, the systems of M. Weishaupt werediffused with the rapidity of the electric fitoid."

Here stirely is a passage upon which Timesheds a strong and dramatic light.In 180 1 no German believes that the followers of

" Spartacus" still exist as a secret society. In 1918they come out of their shadows and attempt aRevolution in Berlin!In 180 1 it is absurd to suppose that a secret' Influence of the Philosophers, Free-Masons, and lUuminants on

the Revolution in France (1801).


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6 THE CAUSE OF WORLD UNRESTsociety, a "formidable sect," could spread fromGermany to France "with the rapidity of theelectric fluid. " In 19 19 Mr. Churchill asserts thatRevolution was carried from Germany to Russia"in the same way that you might send a phialcontaining a culture of typhoid."

Barruel then is justified by time. As we shallpresently show, he finds support in the researchesof modern history. The French Revolution^ILkethe Russian Revolutionwas actuated by a for-midable sect"the most formidable sect in theworld."The proofs of this statement we must reserve

for a subsequent chapter. In the meantime let usmerely state the question which these papers willattempt to answer.What is this "formidable sect" of which Bar-

ruel speaks in the eighteenth century, of whichMr. Churchill speaks in the twentieth? Is it thesame then as now? That is a disturbing question.Upon the answer may rest the safety of Englandof Christianityand of the civilization based onChristianity."The appalling thing," says Lord Acton in his

Essays on the French Revolution, "is not the tumultbut the design. Through all the fire and smoke


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THE CAUSE OF WORLD UNREST 7we perceive the evidence of calculating organiza-tion. The managers remain studiously concealedand masked, but there is no doubt about theirpresence from the first."What was this calculating organization? Lord

Acton does not answer. He was too absorbed inhis pre-occupation of ConstitutionalismthatwiU-o'-the-wisp which all our Whig historians areeternally chasing through the quaking bogs andthe lurid shadows of those terrible times. Was itby any chance the same "formidable sect" whichthe German Emperor let loose upon Russia?

Mrs. Webster, in her admirable book on theFrench Revolution,' suggests several answers tothis question. She recalls the "formidable sect"of the Illuminati of Bavaria, founded by "Sparta-cus" Weishaupt in 1776, and asks if it can be''mere coincidence

'' that the Spartacists of modernGermany adopted the pseudonym of their fellow-

countryman and predecessor of the eighteenthcentury.We shall examine that theory later on.Then Mrs. Webster goes on to point out that

the Internationale, by the admission of PrinceKropotkin, had "a direct filiation" with the

' The French Revolution. By Nesta H. Webster (1919).


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8 THE CAUSE ^ WORLD UNREST"Enrages" of 1793 and the secret societies of1795-That also is a question we shall have to con-sider.They are mentioned by Mrs. Webster as an

afterthought, suggested no doubt by the terribleevents which were taking place when she wascompleting her book. The main body of her workis occupied with tracing the Orleanist conspiracy,which beyond doubt had its share in those events.Now the Duke of Orleans was a voluptuary

and a coward. Sober historians, after examininghis character, laugh at the idea that he could haveorganized such a conspiracy. Why then was hisnamethe name Philip Egalit6a rallying cryof those formidable sects which organized theRevolution? That is a question which we mustalso hold in suspense for a moment.Then Mrs. Webster allots its due share tothe Prussian conspiracy organized by Frederickthe Great, and continued by his successor, for thedestruction of France. That Prussia had its sharein the French Revolution is no longer in doubt."Anacharsis" Clootz, that horrible Prussian;Ephraim, that horrible German Jew, were probablyagents of the House of Hohenzollem.


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THE CAUSE OF WORLD UNREST 9Had they also a "filiation" with the "formid-

able sect ' ' ? We shall see.Again, there was the obsctire conspiracy to place

the Duke of Brunswick on the Throne of France.There were also EngHsh influences at work in

the "formidable sect." English gold helped tofinance the French Revolution. That is certain.But it is also certain, as Mrs. Webster shows, thatit was not the gold of Pitt. The Government ofGeorge III. had no hand in the foul conspiracy.The aid was given by certain "revolutionaryclubs" in England.What interest had they in the destruction of theHouse of Botubon? Were they also members of

the "formidable sect"? If they wereif Bavar-ians, Prussians, Frenchmen, and Englishmen wereall working in the same conspiracy, in the sameorganizationthen the "formidable sect" couldnot have been French merely. It must have beenInternational.Are we to believe that even in the eighteenth

century there was an "International" devoted tothe destruction of Chtuch and State?The French Clerical, the French Royalist, will

reply at once : Certainly, there was Freemasonry.That is an answer at which Englishmen wiU be


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10 THE CAUSE OF WORLD UNRESTinclined to laugh, for no one who knew anjrthingof them could suspect our English Freemasons ofany revolutionary design. But there is Free-masonry and Freemasonry. The danger of theMasonic organization is thisthat every secretsociety which aims at revolution finds in Free-masonry a disgiiise which it is almost impossibleto penetrate. Freemasons themselves admit, aswe shall see later on, that the trowel has been usedas a dagger, and that the square has covered abomb. Let us quote from a witness who uponthis point is not Ukely to lie. Louis Blanc washimself a revolutionary, and his History of theFrench Revolution is written to glorify that event.Let us see, then, what he says on this subject.

After reminding his readers that Liberty, Equal-ity, and Fraternity are words dedicated to Free-masonry he continues:

"As the three grades of ordinary Masonryincluded a great number of men opposed, byposition and by principle, to every project of socialsubversion, the innovators multiplied the degreesof 'the mystic ladder to be climbed. They createdoccialt lodges reserved for ardent souls . . .shadowy sanctuaries whose doors were only opento the adept after a long series of proofs calculated


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THE CAUSE OF WORLD UNREST iito test the progress of his revolutionary education.... It was to these subterranean schools thatCondorcet alluded when, in his Histoire des Progrhde VEsprit Humain, interrupted by his death, hepromised to tell what blows monarchical idolatryand superstition had received from the secretsocieties, daughters of the Order of the Templars."

This testimony, as we shaU see, does not standalone. And it has the merit also of explaining agood deal that is otherwise inexphcable. For it iscertain that in France the Duke of Orleans wasGrand Master both of the Central Masonic Lodge,the Grand Orient, and also of the Templars ; thatFrederick the Great was Grand Master of a world-wide system of Freemasonry, and that the Dukeof Brunswick was Grand Master of the GermanFreemasons.Whether these principals were the directors orwere the tools of the "formidable sect" is a ques-

tion that must also be answered.But in the meantime we must examine a little

more closely the words of Louis Blanc's testimony.We gather from this closer view that the ordin-ary lodges and the general run of Freemasonseven in Francewere not entrusted with the de-signs of the conspirators. These conspirators


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12 THE CAUSE OF WORLD UNRESTcreated special lodges"arriSres loges," as theyare calledbehind (and above) the ordinarylodges. The ' ' innovators ' ' were thus protected bya screen or several screens, one behind the otheriof unsuspected and unsuspecting Masons. Thesewere the "shadowy sanctuaries, " open only to theadept, where blow upon blow of the revolutioncould be directed in safetyas from a bomb-proofdug-out or the armoured top of a battleship.


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CHAPTER IIWe have seen that the Illuminati are mentionedboth by the Abb6 Barruel and by Mrs. Websteras one of the Prime Movers of the French Revolu-tion. Indeed, Mrs. Webster goes further and calls"Spartacus" Weishaupt the "inventor of world-revolution." A careful study of Barruel, however,suggests that the Illuminati were only one of manysects which worked with the same means for thesame object. They are important chiefly becausewe know a good deal about them. Their archiveswere captured and published by the Elector ofBavaria. That makes them interesting, for we canstudy them, as we study the working of bees in aglass hive. But it is also a danger, for we may beled by our knowledge of them to give them toohigh a place in the revolutionary hierarchy. Weknow that this "formidable sect" had a hand inthe French Revolution; but it was not the onlysect, and it is doubtful if it was the chief sect.Indeed, we shall see when we examine it more

13


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14 THE CAUSE OF WORLD UNRESTclosely that it leads us into a blind alley. It en-tices us along in the most promising and alluringway; but it ends in a dead wall.We know a good deal about Adam Weishaupt.He was bom in 1748, and at the age of twenty-eight was Professor of Law in the University ofIngolstadt, in Bavaria. We know that even beforethis early age he had worked out the generallines of his system and of his philosophy. Butthere is one thing we do not knowDid hework out the system for himself or was he in-spired thereto by some unknown and unsuspectedteacher?We do know, by the way, that he was a thorough-paced scoundrel, for among his intercepted corre-spondence was a series of letters, written by him tovarious initiates, imploring them to help him tofind the means to destroy the unborn child of hissister-in-law, before its birth should overwhelmhim with disgrace. After such a confession we areentitled to doubt if the philosophy he professedwas the real motive of his activities.

His philosophy need not detain us very long.It is the old familiar set of fallacies and unprovedassumptions formulated some little time before byJean Jacques Rousseau, and long since exploded


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THE CAUSE OF WORLD UNREST 15by historians on the one side and by men of scienceon the other.

Liberty and equality are the essential rightsthat man in his original and primitive perfectionreceived from Nature. Property destroyed Equal-ity ; Governments and Religions destroyed Liberty;therefore to reinstate man in his original rights itwas necessary to destroy aU Religions, all CivilSocieties, and all Property.

This was to be done by secret organization"Yes," he prophesied, "princes and nations

shall disappear from off the face of the Earth. Yes,a time shall come when man shall acknowledge noother Law than the great book of Nature. ThisRevolution shall be the work of our Secret Socie-ties, and that is one of our Grand Mysteries."

It may be noted in passing that he uses thepluralas if he were aware that there were othersworking along tunnels similar to those which heand his confederates were digging so busily.He began with his pupils of Ingolstadt, the

general idea being that "each class of my ordermust be the preparatory school for the next."He educated a class of " Insinuators, " whosebusiness was to secure initiates, and these initiateswere only let into the secrets of the organizations


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i6 THE CAUSE OF WORLD UNRESTwhen they were proved to be faithful and had gonetoo far to draw back.The scope of these designs is revealed in the

following passage, which might almost persuadeus that we are in the presence of the "formidablesect":

"When the object is a universal Revolution, allthe members of these Societies, aiming at the samepoint, and aiding one another, must find means ofgoverning invisibly, and without any appearanceof violent measures, not only the higher and moredistinguished class of any particular State, buteven of all stations, of all nations, of every religion,insinuate the same spirit everywhere; in silence,but with the greatest possible activity, direct thescattered inhabitants of the Earth towards thesame point."

With marvellous patience and cunning, Weis-haupt elaborated a secret organization closelyresembling Masonry, of four classes, subdividedinto six degrees. Young men were tempted into itupon various false pretences, and before very longthe organization had great power in Bavaria andother parts of Germany.Then came a great chance. Weishaupt was

fortunate in two disdples, "Cato" Zwack and the


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THE CAUSE OF WORLD UNREST 17Hanoverian Baron, "Philo" Knigge, who haddabbled in Freemasonry, and with these two heconceived the project of capturing or lUuminizingthe Masonic Lodges.Weishaupt's instructions on the gentle art of

capturing Freemasonry are interesting"In every town of any note situated within

their district the secret chapters shall establishlodges for the three ordinary degrees, and shallcause men of soiuid morals, of good repute, and ofeasy circumstances, to be received in these lodges.Such men are much to be sought after, and are tobe made Masons, even though they should not beof any service to lUuminism in its ulterior projects.These methods succeeded beyond expectation.

Weishaupt and his initiates were soon in secretcontrol of a multitude of lodges throughout Ger-many.But the great chance came with the universalMasonic Congress at WUhelmsbaden in 1782.At that Congress "Philo" Knigge was busy, andhe gleefully reports his progress to his Master:"All of them," writes Knigge, "were enchantedwith our degrees of Epopt and of Regent." Intothese degrees the Freemasons were enlisted inshoals.


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1 8 THE CAUSE OF WORLD UNRESTThe centre of the conspiracy was now in Frank-

fort, and was spreading in all directions. TheSouth German States, Prussia, Austria, Holland,were all infected. A trusted agent was sent toLondon "slily to iUuminize the English." Severalof the German Courts were almost completely inthe hands of the lUuminati. Their prestige wasbecoming enormous.But in the height of his success, Weishaupt

received a staggering blow. The Elector ofBavaria swooped down upon him, obtained evi-dence, both written and oral, which filled Germanywith horror and covered the sect with confusion.Weishaupt fled to another part of Germany; buthis organization continued, and, as we shall pre-sently see, its agents or fugitives helped to precipi-tate that Revolution in France which they hadfailed to effect in Germany.We have said that our study of the Illuminationly leads us into a cul-de-sac, a blind alley. Wecome to Adam Weishaupt, and we get no furtherback. But at its other end this blind alley joinsthe main roads, or rather tunnels, of "occult"Freemasonry and Revolution.We find this "filiation" quite clearly in Mira-beau's visits to Berlin. Mirabeau returned from


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THE CAUSE OF WORLD UNREST 19Berlin with two enthusiasms, the one for the Jews,the other for the Illuminati. Of the former en-thusiasm we shall have something to say later : thelatter enthusiasm bore immediate fruit. Mira-beau induced "AmeUus" Bode, the disciple andsuccessor of "Spartacus" Weishaupt, to "iUumi-nize" the French Masonic Lodges.There is no doubt that at that time French Free-

masonry was assuming certain very dangerousand subversive forms. France was, in fact,covered with a web of secret organizations of theMasonic type, and of these Lodges practically allthe Jacobins were members.The Grand Orient itself had become a vast

revolutionary organization. Under the nominalrule of the Grand Master, Philip Egalite, Duke ofOrleans, were the Lodges of no less than 282 Frenchtowns; there were besides 81 Lodges in Paris and16 at Lyons. Every Lodge sent its Deputy to theGrand Orient, and every Lodge had its President,whose duty consisted in forwarding the orders ofthe Grand Orient, or in preparing the Brethrenfor the orders which they were to receive.As early as 1 776, the Central Committee of the

Grand Orient instructed its subordinates to pre-pare the Brethren for insurrection. They were to


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20 THE CAUSE OP WORLD UNRESTvisit the Lodges throughout France, to conjurethem by the Masonic Oath, and to announce thatthe time had at last come to accomplish their endsin the death of tyrants.

Barruel (English edition, vol. ii., p. 438) givesan accoimt of the manner in which these orderswere executed at LUle in that year. The officersof the Regiment of La Sarre, stationed at thattown, were, many of them, Freemasons, and thesewere invited to meet the Agent of the GrandOrient, an officer of the Artillery called Sinetty.In a grandiloquent speech he told them that theUniverse was about to be freed from its fetters,that the tyrants called Kings were to be van-quished, and that Religion and Eings were to giveway to Light, Liberty, and Equality. The officerswere good Masons, and they were also loyal sub-jects of their King. They treated the message halfas a disagreeable joke, half as an incomprehensibleincident to be dismissed from their minds. But,being bound by their Masonic oath, they did notreport the incident to headquarters.While the Grand Orient thus organized Revolu-

tion throughout France, various occult Lodgeshad their parts in the movement. Thus the ParisLodge of the Coq H6:on was the seat of the propa-


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THE CAUSE OP WORLD UNREST 21ganda. Its chiefs were the Due de la Rochefou-cault, Condorcet, and SieySs, and in 1790 theycontrolled funds of twenty million livres, or900,000, at that time an enormous sum.

Barruel quotes the main principle on which theyfounded their hopes of a Revolution"Want and opinion are the two agents which

make aU men act. Cause the want, govern opin-ions, and you will overturn all the existing systems,however well consolidated they may appear."Now Barruel quotes this revolutionary maxim

on the authority of one Dr. Girtanner, who, hesays, had been able to penetrate the secrets ofrevolutionary Masonry in Paris. Was it actedupon? Everybody knows that one main cause ofthe Revolution in Paris was the scarcity of bread.That scarcity is usually said to be due to a badharvest. Mrs. Webster, however, quotes manyauthorities to show that the scarcity was aggra-vated by the deliberate action of certain peoplewho bought and held up the grain. These people,in her view, were agents of the Duke of Orleansand of what is called the Orleanist conspiracy.

"Montjoie {says Mrs. Webster] asserts thatagents employed by the Due d'Orl^ans deHber-


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22 THE CAUSE OF WORLD UNRESTately bought up the grain, and either sent it outof the country or concealed it in order to drive thepeople to revolt, and in this accusation he issupported by innumerable contemporaries, in-cluding the democrat, Fantin-Des Odoards, Mou-nier, whose integrity is not to be doubted, theLiberal Malouet, Ferridres, and Madame de laTour du Pin. Beaulieu, however, one of the mostreliable of contemporaries, considers that theOrleanists would have been unable to create afamine by these means, but that they accom-plished their purpose by stirring up public feeHngon the subject of monopolizers, thereby inducingthe people to pillage the grain. The farmers andcom merchants, therefore, fearing that theirsupplies would be destroyed in transit, were afraidto release them. By this means a fictitious faminewas created."

Here at least is evidence which makes Gir-tanner's statement credible. He states that thesecret societies planned to create scarcity; con-temporaries believed that scarcity was created, butput it down not to the secret organizations of whichthey knew nothing, but to the Duke of Orleans.As to the other economic cause of the French

Revolution, the spell of bad trade and unemploy-ment, it was produced by the Eden Treaty, a


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THE CAUSE OF WORLD UNREST 23commercial treaty so disadvantageous to Francethat it was ascribed by contemporaries either tocorruption or treachery. Here also Girtanner'sstatement furnishes a clue which might be worthwhile for the student to foUow up. What remainscertain is that the economic crisis which precededthe Revolution was intensified, if not created, byartificial causes. That these causes were part of aconspiracy to bring about Revolution is not cer-tain, but possibleand probable.But to return. Among the "arriSre loges"in

whose "shadowy sanctuaries" the Revolution wasplottedwe must mention the Lodges of the AmisRSunis and the Philaldthes. The latter was thehaunt of those philosophers and dabblers in litera-ture who in aU ages are the easy prey of theirvanity. The former sheltered such political fana-tics as Condorcet, Brissot, Danton, Saint-Martin,and Savalette de Lange. It was to this retreat thatMirabeau brought "Amelius" Bode, the Baron deBusche, and the other lUuminati who were to"iUuminize" French Freemasonry. But FrenchFreemasonry hardly required "iUuminization"from Germany. The work had already beencarried through by kindred spirits, if not by fellow-conspirators.


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24 THE CAUSE OF WORLD UNRESTAmong these shadowy and sinister figures were

the notorious "Count Cagliostro," whose realname was Joseph Balsamoa practitioner of allforms of magic, alchemy, and fraudand the"Count of Saint-Germain," a Theosophist, as weshould now call him, who boasted that he had livedthrough several incarnations. It was this im-postor who founded the sect of Adamites, someHttle distance outside Paris, in which, accordingto Barruel, the two sexes Hved in promiscuousconcubinage, one lady only being reserved as thepeculiar property of the founder, then, accordingto his own reckoning, in his 130th year.Nor should we forget Martinez Pasqualis,generally reputed to be a Portuguese Jew, whofounded his Order of Cohens, with a programmewhich owed something to the ancient mysteriesof the Cabala. Pasqualis and his successor, Saint-Martin, worked in France on very much the sameHnes as Weishaupt worked in Germany. Indeed,the more we look at this eighteenth-century net-work of secret conspiracy, the more probable doesit seem that they aU owed something to a commoninspiration at that time and up till now suspectedbut unknown.When the Revolution came some at least of


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THE CAUSE OF WORLD UNREST 25these secret workers emerged from their shadowysanctuaries and came into the open. The Jacobinswere not only initiates themselves, but ruled theiraffairs in ghastly imitation of the Masonic order.

"It is not by chance [says Barruel] that theJacobin Clubs both in Paris and the Provincesbecome the general receptacle for Rosicrucians,Knights Templars, Knights of the Sun, andKnights Kadosch; or of those in particular who,under the name of Philal^thes, were enthusiasti-cally wedded to the mysteries of Swedenborg,whether at Paris, Lyons, Avignon, Bordeaux, orGrenoble. . . . The list is public, and it containsthe names of all the profound adepts who hadhitherto been dispersed among the Lodges."{Barruel, vol. iv., p. 382.)

Were they the real plotters of the Revolution,or were they, too, puppets, who danced obedientlyto the guidance of an unseen hand? Their fatesuggests their r61e, for all or nearly all of them diedunder the guillotine, carrying with them theirdark secrets to be buried for ever in the quicklimeof the general fosse.


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CHAPTER IIIIt is now evident how the Revolutionaries workedunder the cloak of Freemasonry for the downfallof France. We are therefore driven to considermore closely the nature not indeed of Freemasonryin the English sense, but of those orders of Free-masonry which in various parts of the world aregenerally associated with political propaganda.

It is commonly supposedand in our owncountry and the United States there is sufficientground for the suppositionthat Masonic ritualconsists of certain innocent and friendly, thoughsymbolic, ceremonies, which aim at strengtheningthe noble duties of charity, fraternity, loyalty, andfair-dealing among men who are true citizens oftheir Empire and whole-hearted believers inChristian morality. "To so high an eminence hasthe credit of Freemasonry been advanced," says theold EngUsh Charge to initiates, ' ' that in every ageMonarchs themselves have been promoters of theart, have not thought it derogatory from their

26


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THE CAUSE OF WORLD UNREST 27dignity to exchange the sceptre for the trowel,have patronized our mysteries and joined in ourAssemblies." In 1799 and 1817, the British Houseof Commons, in specific Acts, recognized the laud-able character of the craft and provided for itscontinuance.

So far, well. The history of Freemasonry,however, though it may start in England withthe three orders, or degrees, of "Entered Appren-tice," "Fellow Craft," and "Master," by nomeans ends there, and in the veiled accounts ofcertain Continental Lodges we come upon formsof ritual and upon dark sayings that are not onlyforeign to the atmosphere of the "Mother GrandLodge," but that point to underlying motiveswhich, if they bear any real significance, are sig-nificant of evil. Whether or not the successivedegrees in revolutionary Masonry constitute ahierarchy, each receiving its orders from thedegree immediately above, or are mainly indepen-dent societies, it is difficult to say ; but it is note-worthy that the higher the degree the more mys-terious and disquieting appear its ceremonies.There are at least thirty-three separate degrees,each with a peculiar ritual of its own, based on thealleged history of the Order, and each conducting


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28 THE CAUSE OF WORLD UNRESTits observances and deliberations with the utmostsecrecy.

In the lower orders the initiate into the secretsof revolutionary Masonry is allowed to hear thewords Liberty and Equality only occasionally,but when his ears have grown familiar with them,and after he has learned how to be silent, he israised to the grade of Master. It is then that hehears for the first time of a Founder, whose murderhas to be revenged. The succeeding grades, es-pecially those from the ninth upwards, so accustomhim to the idea of vengeance that it finally becomeshabitual. Every Master Mason is entrusted witha twofold commissionfirst, to seek for the lostword, which he finds in a higher grade to beJehovah, or natural religion; and, secondly, torevenge the death of Hiram, of which the Master'ssign is a constant memoriala feigned stab withthe thumb. In the ninth degree (the ElectedKnights of the Nine) a still more emphatic cere-mony is observed. According to Albert Pike'sRitual of the Southern Jurisdiction of the U. S.(Scottish Rite), each new entrant and eight alreadyElected Knights lay aside their Masonic clothingand jewels, and each is armed with a sword anddagger. They enter a room which is lighted only


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THE CAUSE OF WORLD UNREST 29by a single lamp set on the floor, by the side of acouch of leaves, on which is placed a representa-tion of Abairam sleeping.

'"Here is the assassin?' says the Master ofCeremonies. ' Strike boldly at his head and heart,and revenge the death of the Master ! ' The candi-date does so with his dagger, a voice exclaiming'Nekum!' [Hebrew for revenge]and the Masterof Ceremonies, having with his sword separatedthe bleeding head from the trunk, gives it to thecandidate, who, holding it in his right hand,returns to the chapter-room."

It is in the ninth order, too, that the philosophyof goodwill and benevolence to mankind, incul-cated in the lower degrees, is supplemented by aneloquent appeal to destroy Ignorance, Tyranny,and Fanaticism, and it is interesting to notice thatin this and the succeeding degrees numerousHebrew names and associations creep into therituals. The following striking passage is takenfrom the ritual of the eleventh degree (the SublimeKnights Elu of the Twelve)

" The Venerable Master: My Brethren, are youwilling to take upon yourselves the duties ofGovernors in Israel, and chiefs over the tribute,


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30 THE CAUSE OF WORLD UNRESTwith the resolution to discharge those dutiesfaithfully and impartially?"All: We are. . . .

" The V. M.: Let then our Chancellor write thedegree . . . making these twelve our Viceregents,each in his Province, to be obeyed accordingly."The next three orders are engaged in symbolic

rituals dealing with the rebuilding of the Templeof Solomon which are difficult to understand, butconsiderable light is thrown upon their meaningin the concluding catechism of the 15th degree(the Knights of the East, Sword or Eagle)

"Q.: Of what are the ruins of the walls of thecity and the Holy House an emblem?"A.: Of a country that has lost its liberties,

and an Order ruined and proscribed."Q.: To what do the seventy lights of the

Lodge aUude?"A.: To the seventy years of Hebrew captivity."Q.: Of what are the chains of the captives,

with their triangular links, an emblem?" A.\ Of the three powers that have in all ages

fettered the human intellect and chained the limbsof the people : the Kings, Priests, and Nobles ofTyranny, Superstition, and Privilege.

"Q.: What art do you profess?"A.: Freemasonry."Q.: What do you build?"A.: Temples and Tabernacles."


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THE CAUSE OF WORLD UNREST 31"A.: In the souls of men, and among the

nations."Q.: Which way do you travel?"A.: From Babylon to Jerusalem. ..."It is not difficult to see whither all this sym-

bolism and catechism points. As the candidatebecomes more and more initiated into the secretsand inner history of his craft he becomes more andmore familiar with the idea of liberty as a basicprinciple in Masonic life and thought, and to thepossibility of himself having, if need be, to offer uphis life "in the cause of downtrodden races" and"in defence of free government." Such an idealsounds noble enough, but let us try to find outwhat motive lies behind it. We have mentionedthat one of the duties of a Master Mason inrevolutionary Masonry is to seek for the "lostword. ' ' By the time he is fully initiated as a Rosi-crucian (i8th degree) he has learned that the dayon which the word Jehovah was lost is preciselythat on which the Son of God died on the Cross."As soon as the candidate [says the Abb6

Barruel] has proved that he understands theMasonic meaning of the inscription inri (Jesus ofNazareth, King of the Jews), the Master [of Cere-


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32 THE CAUSE OF WORLD UNRESTmonies] exclaims, My dear Brethren, the word isfound again, and all present applaud the luminousdiscovery, that He whose death was the consum-mation and the grand mystery of the ChristianReligion was no more than a common Jew crucifiedfor his crimes. ... It is on the Gospel and onthe Son of Man that the adept is to avenge thebrethren, the Pontiffs of Jehovah."

The Knights Templars (27th degree) have againand again been accused of like heretical practices,and it seems clear from the evidence that thecharge of denying Christ and defiling the Cross attheir Ceremony of Initiation has been firmly estab-lished. Step by step are the initiates into thedeeper secrets led to abandon belief, not only inChristianity, but in all revealed religion, and bymaking them out and out materialists the groundis prepared for the seeds of the Jacobinical codeof Revolution. When at length the candidate isadmitted into the 30th grade, and, after goingthrough terrifying ordeals to test his obedience andsecrecy, becomes a Knight Kadosch, he learns thatit is no longer Adoniram or Hiram whose deathcries for vengeance. The grade of Kadosch com-memorates, he is informed, the suppression of theOrder of Templars by Pope Clement V. and Philip


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THE CAUSE OP WORLD UNREST 33le Bel, together with the murder of the GrandCommander, Jacques de Molai, who was burnedalive by Philip's orders on March 11, 1314.Thus is the mask completely thrown aside, and

the hidden designs of the Red Masonic orders madeclear. The objects to be pursued and annihilatedare the two great institutions of the Christianworld, represented by Clement V. and Philip IV.,the Church and the State. "The religion which isto be destroyed to recover the word, or the truedoctrine," remarks Barruel with true insight (vol.ii., p. 325), "is the religion of Christ, founded onrevelation. This word in its full extent is Libertyand Equality, to be established by the total over-throw of the altar and the throne."We conclude with a few significant sentencestaken from the catechism of the Knights Kadoschdegree. (We have been unable to obtain anyauthentic information on the ritual of the higherdegrees.)

"My Brother [the Candidate], you desire totmite yourself to an Order which has laboured insilence and secrecy for more than five hundredyears with a single end in view, and hitherto withonly partial success. . . . The Order of KnightsKadosch has for its mission the avenging of a great


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34 THE CAUSE OF WORLD UNRESTcrime. . . . Do you fully understand that thisdegree is not, like much of so-called Masonry, asham that means nothing and amounts to nothing. . . that what you are now engaged in is real,will require the performance of duty, will exactsacrifice, will expose you to danger; and that thisOrder means to deal with the affairs of nations andbe once more a Power in the world ?

We have seen, so far (i) that Revolution is nota spontaneous combustion of the social order ; butthat (2) the match is set by some secret agency or"formidable sect"; (3) that this agency concealsitself in the shadowy sanctuaries of certain formsof Freemasonry; and (4) that these subversiveforms of Freemasonry have a ritual of hatred forthe Cross and veneration for the Temple whichsuggest a Hebraic origin.But having got so far, we are faced by anotherquestionif these secret societies instigate revolu-

tions, who or what instigates the secret societies?And here, as in the case of the Freemasons, we

must be careful not to suggest any unfair suspicionof innocent people. If we find a distinctly Jewishritual in these subversive orders of Freemasons,that is not to suggest that all Jews are Freemasonsor are subversive. On the contrary, it is evident


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THE CAUSE OF WORLD UNREST 35that many Jews are good citizens and patrioticBritish subjects. What is alleged, howeverandthis allegation we must examineis that a secretsect of Jews cherish political designs of a subver-sive nature, and that this sect works for revolutionbehind a mask of Freemasonry.Now we have remarked that the ritual, particu-

larly of the Templars, is both Hebraic and sugges-tive of a design of revenge. It might help us alittle, then, to inquire into the origin of this par-ticular Order, with which the "Ancient andAccepted Scottish Rite" as practised by the RedLodges is historically connected.And, indeed, no less an authority than Augustus

Schlegel points the way:"The Order of the Templars [says Schlegel in

his Philosophy of History] has been the bridge overwhich aU that body of mysteries {i.e., of esotericFreemasonry) has passed into the Occident. . . .Through them come the traditions of Solomon andhis Temple. ... A society from the breast ofwhich, as from a laboratory where the spirit ofdestruction forged its arms, came the Albigenses,the Jacobins, and the Carbonari, could not have atendency truly Christian nor a constitution poli-tically just, nor could it exercise a beneficentinfluence on humanity in general."


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36 THE CAUSE OF WORLD UNRESTThe most eminent specialist on this subject of

the history of the Templars is the Comte le Cou-teulx de Canteleu, whose book' on secret societiesand sects is founded not upon legend and tra-dition merely but upon the archives of theTemplars themselves in his own possession andelsewhere.The Count explains how this crusading Order

diuing its long stay of half a century in Palestineformed a close and sinister connection with theOrder of Assassins or Hachichiensa branch of theIshmaelites of the East, whose members must havebeen Jewish, since their object was the rebuildingof Solomon's Temple. This secret society infestedthe mountains round Jerusalem, and carried on awar of brigandage and assassination both againstthe Saracens and the Crusaders.

"The Templars [says our author], seeing thatthe Realm of Jerusalem was going swiftly towardsits ruin, made alliance and treaty with the Assas-sins. It appears to be certain that it was Guil-laume de Montbard who received from the OldMan of the Mountain the Masonic initiation in a

^Les Sectes et SociUSs Secretes, Politigues et Religeuses; essai surleur histoire depuis les temps les plus re-ouUsjusgu' d la RSvolulionfransaise (1863).


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THE CAUSE OF WORLD UNREST 37cavern in the Liban, and transmitted it to hiscompanions, who were all initiated in the Masoniccult."

It is certain that when the Templars returnedto Europe they were accused of following an un-christian and blasphemous ritual.Two Masonicor rather, as they call themselves,"co-Masonic"writers, A. Bothwell-Gosse and

L. J. Dickinson, find in the accounts of this ritualpreserved in the famous trial pro

the cause of world unrest - howell gwynne

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