the characteristics of living organisms. all living things are made of cells. have dna obtain and...
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The characteristics
of living organisms
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All living things• are made of cells.
• have DNA
• obtain and use energy.
• Excrete wastes
• grow and develop.
• reproduce.
• respond to their environment.
• adapt to their environment.
• Maintain homeostasis
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• To be considered alive, an object must exhibit all of the characteristics of living things.
• Not just a few. Remember there are nine characteristics all organisms have.
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All living things are made up of one or more cells
• The cell is the smallest unit of life.– Some cells are made up of a single cell
(unicellular). Most are too small to see.
– Most living organisms are made up of many cells (multicellular). These are the organisms that you can see.
Both multicellular organisms and unicellular organisms share all the characteristics of life.
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All living things have DNA
• DNA is a universal genetic code shared by all organisms
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Obtain and use energy
• ALL forms of life get the energy they use from the sun. Directly or indirectly.
Plants and bacteria can capture this energy directly. (autotrophs)
Animals use food as a source of energy but the food that animals eat comes from plants or animals that eat plants. (heterotrophs)
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Autotroph
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Heterotroph
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Decomposer (heterotroph)
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Excrete Wastes
All organisms use and obtain energy and then get rid of waste products.
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Grow and develop
• Most organisms grow into adult forms– Sometimes they grow and change greatly in
size and appearance.– Some show little change as they grow.
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Reproduce• Asexual Reproduction- one parent creates
genetically identical offspring
• Sexual Reproduction- two different parents contribute genetic material.
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Respond to the environment
• All multicellular and unicellular organisms respond to stimuli in their environment.– Stimuli- anything that causes a change in an
organism.– Response- the reaction to a stimulus
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Adapt to the environment
• All living things have the ability to adapt to a favorable environment where they are able to reproduce.
• Adaptation- behavior or characteristic trait that helps a species survive.
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Maintain Homeostasis
• Living things maintain homeostasis.– Homeostasis- a stable internal environment
• Ex: Humans are able to maintain a constant body temperature despite changes in the weather.