the civil war (ushc 3.2)
TRANSCRIPT
The Civil War (USHC 3.2)
The Civil WarUS HISTORY EOC REVIEW
USHC 3.2Summarize the course of the Civil War and its impact on democracy, including the major turning points; the impact of the Emancipation Proclamation; the unequal Treatment afforded to African American military units; the geographic, economic, and political factors in the defeat of the Confederacy; and the ultimate defeat of the idea of secession.
Election of 1860
A House divided against itself cannot stand. -- Abraham Lincoln
Indian Territory(CSA)
The Deep South seceded after Lincoln was elected.SecessionThe Upper South waitedDOCUMENT
Causes of Southern SecessionConflicting views about federal authority and states rightsEconomic and cultural differences between the agricultural South and the industrializing NorthDebates over the expansion of slavery into the western territoriesThe election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860
Confederate States of America(CSA)
First National Flag of the CSA
Jefferson Davis,President1861-1865
War-making Capacity of the North and South
Confederate AdvantagesMore Competent GeneralsSouthern Military TraditionHome Field AdvantageDEFENSE as objectiveNOT conquestHIGH STAKESSurvival as objective
UNION AdvantageCONFEDERATE AdvantagePopulationManufacturingMoneyDefenseMilitary LeadershipPolitical Leadership
The Anaconda PlanGeneral Winfield Scott(1860)
123Naval BlockadeCapture RichmondControl the Miss. R.
Decisive Battles of the Civil WarBattleYearVictorSignificanceUnionConfed.Fort Sumter1861XBegan the Civil WarAntietam (Sharpsburg)1862Tactical DrawUnion StrategicBloodiest Single Day of WarEmancipation ProclamationGettysburg (PA)1863XLees first tactical defeatVicksburg (MS)1863XConfederates lose control of Mississippi RiverAppomattox Court House1865XLee surrenders to Grant
AntietamLee and McClellan fought to a tactical draw in the bloodiest single day of the war.
Afterwards,Lee retreated to VA.
STRATEGIC VICTORYfor the UnionSeptember, 1862
CASUALTIESUSACSAKILLED2,1081,546WOUNDED9,5407,752CAPT/MISS7531,018TOTAL12,40110,316
The Emancipation Proclamation"That on the first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free.
Now, therefore I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, by virtue of the power in me vested as Commander-in-Chief, of the Army and Navy of the United States in time of actual armed rebellion against the authority and government of the United States, and as a fit and necessary war measure for suppressing said rebellion
1/1/1863
DOCUMENT
Areas affectedAreas specifically exemptedThe Emancipation Proclamation
WHY, THEN?
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Lincolns #1 War AimPreserve the UnionAll other goals were secondaryEmancipation a goal IN ADDITION
EngagementStateVictoryChancellorsvilleVAConfederateGettysburgPAUnionVicksburgMSUnion
1863
Decisive Engagements
LeeIn 1863, Lee won his greatest victory and suffered his greatest defeat.
Conscriptionaka, The DraftConfederate(1862)Union(1863)Draftees could hire substitutes
Planters* exempt*20 or more slavesDraftees could hire substitutes
$300 to exempt
Rich mans war, poor mans fight.-- Anti-draft slogan
After his victory at Chancellorsville, Lee invaded Pennsylvania in hopes of gaining a decisive victory on Northern soil.GettysburgJuly 1-3, 1863
GettysburgJuly 1-3, 1863CASUALTIESUNIONCONFEDERATEKILLED3,1554,708WOUNDED14,53112,693CAPT/MISS5,3695,830TOTAL23,05523,231
After three days of fighting, Lee failed to defeat the Union Army.
LEES FIRST TACTICAL DEFEAT
Grant
Siege of VicksburgMay 18 July 4, 1863
A Turning Point...
The back-to-back losses at Gettysburg and Vicksburg were severe blows to the Confederacy.
What effect did these battles have on the Copperhead movement in the North?
The Gettysburg AddressNovember 19, 1863Fourscore and seven years ago
Of the people, by the people, and for the people
RHETORIC
African-AmericansAbout 180,000 African-Americans enlisted in the Union Army in the later years of the war.10% of Union Army / 1% of Population
ALL VOLUNTEEROnly whites were drafted in the North.in the Civil War
54th Massachusetts Volunteer InfantryThe film, Glory (1989), is based on the story of the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry.
The Old Flag Never Touched the Ground, which depicts the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry Regiment at the attack on Fort Wagner, South Carolina, on July 18, 1863.
185618601864Election of 1864
Four More Years!
TOTAL WARAfter defeating McClellan, Lincoln was no longer bound by political considerations.
LincolnGrantSherman
Lee vs. GrantWAR OF ATTRITIONVirginia1864-1865
Gen. William T. Sherman (USA)
Shermans March1864-1865
Shermans March
1864-1865
Lincolns Second Inaugural Address
Compare to First InauguralMarch 4, 1865
Lee Surrenders to GrantAppomattox Court HouseApril 12, 1865
Richmond, 1865