the coinage of the eastern seleucid mints from seleucus i to antiochus iii / by edward t. newell

8/9/2019 The coinage of the eastern Seleucid mints from Seleucus I to Antiochus III / by Edward T. Newell

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C U S I T O ANT O CH U S I I I

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w ork ofnumerousstudents a largeportionof the

insunattributedtothe variousmintswhichoncepro-

struewith regardtotheissuesof theearlierkings.L ong

d inoneofhisbril l iantstudiesonthissub ectw hich

aofH ellenicStudiesfor1903 took theoccasiontosay : " I f

ress theremustbeachangeof tactics.Attentionmust

efinedgroups w hichshouldbesub ectedtoasclosea

hisisdonesystematica lly therecanbelitt ledoubtbut

e unravelled. Thesewordsareastrue todayaswhen

refollowsthepathwayindicatedbySir George

theeasternissuesof thefirstsi membersoftheSeleucid

ntoseverallargegroups anditoughtto bepossible

yknowledge toassignthesegroupsto theirseveralmints.

isattemptarethe largeq uantit iesofbron eco insw hich

cientificallyconductede cavationsintheNearE ast.

arlyreach ourpublicandprivatecollectionsfrom

butetheirq uotatowardsdeterminingtheirformer

deventheiractualmints.

ein D ecember1937 therehaveturnedupa number

mostpartminor varieties. Thesehavehadtobeincor-

ersas15a 4 a 51a etc. I tw asfoundpossibletomak e

wofthemore interestingspecimens butunfortunately

emarrivedafterthe plateshadbeenprinted.

sstimulatingTheGreeksinB actriaandI ndiareached

nuscriptwasalreadyin thehandsoftheprinter ithas

ddmorethan afewreferences.

andofcerta initemsof information thew riterisunder

ntothecurators ofvariouspubliccollections toSir

J e a nB a b el on D r . J . L e i gl e D r . K a r l P i n k D r . A i B e y

r . G e o rg G a ls t er D r . R o b er t H . M c D o w e ll a n d es p ec i al l y

onwhonotonlyrenderedinestimableassistancewithregard

seum butalsosecuredcastsof certainimportantpieces

ollectionatAberdeen.Sincerelyappreciatedalsoisthe

valuablesuggestionsunstintinglycontributedbytheE ditor

ndhisstaf f inthepreparationof themanuscriptforpress.

thewriter smostgratefulthanksareherebye pressed.

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NT NTS

s9

losorA rtacoana250

n Mi n ts 2 6 0

o n e C oi n ag e s 27 0

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nyof thebron eissuesofSeleuciaon theTigris

edassuchby thepresentwriterinarrangingthe Seleucid

hehesitatedtopublishhis researches becausethefinal

his attributionsdependedupontheascertainedfind

-Manyof thesepiecese istedinhisow n asw ellasinthe

ondon P arisandB erlin buttheirprimarysourceor

own.Themostthatcouldbe saidwasthatsuchcoins

ocomefromMesopotamiaandw esternPersia—hardlyenough

sea definitivestudy.Thenecessityofwaitingany

ovedby theappearanceofDr. McDow ell simportant

hethousandsof coppercoinsunearthedinthecourse of

donby theU niversityofMichiganatTe lUmar thesiteof

asisw ellk now n w asfoundedbySeleucusI a tornear

O pis.2I twassituatedsomefortymiles tothenorth-

eenmilestothesouthofmodernB aghdad nearthespot

a l ( NahrMalcha o fNebuchadre z arandearlierk ings

basicreasonsforSeleucus newfoundationweredoubt-

cal strengthenedbyhisdeterminationtoremovehis

eassociationsofthepast aswellasfromtheconstant

blymaligninfluenceofapowerfulandindependentpriesthood

entrenchedinB abylon.Seleucusfullyappreciatedthat

couldnotsuccessfullyandpeacefullycontainanimmense

ousinfluenceovertheresidentmultitudesofsuperstitious

reekgovernment andalargeGreekpopulationaswell.

te ofthenewcapitalwasindeedwiselychosen.To

overnmentofficesandsettledthere largenumbersofGreeks

onians. Thecitygrew rapidly insi e w ea lthandconse-

itselfan everincreasingnumberoftheformerinhabitantsof

themetropolisandcapitalofMesopotamiaformillen-

statusofaprov incia ltow n la tertoamere" ho ly site " and

ntirelye ceptforvastfieldsof desertedandcrumbling

is Seleuciaanditssuccessors— CtesiphoninSassanian

C oinsf romSeleuciaontheT igris. A nnA rbor 1935.

n t. F o r sc h . 2 t e R e i he i i i 1 9 01 p . 5 09 W a t e rm a n P r e li m in a ry R e p o r t up o n th e E x c a va -

r a , 1 9 3 1 p . 1 ff . S t r ab o X V I , 1 9 .

nessofSeleuciaare succinctlystatedbyTarn TheGreeksinB actriaand

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ts

ndmoderntimes—have remainedthecentreofboth

oninthe" L andof theTwoR ivers.

ndingof Seleuciaisunknown.R egardingit modern

variance. B utB e loch w ithhisdateputatshortlyaf ter

t 4w ithhisatshortlyafter306B . C area lmostcerta inlymore

he - eclerc , 6w hodoesnotplacethefoundinguntila f ter

01B . C . Thenew andrapidlygrowingcity replacedB aby lon

re anditmaybetakenas certainthatanimportant

ere.W hethertheoldmintof B abylonwastransferred

hetheritwasallowedfor atimetocontinuecoining the

latertobecloseddow nasno longernecessary w ecannotas

sentchapterproposestodea lonlyw iththeco insstruck by

tesuccessorsinthe newcapitalofSeleucia.B utasthese

nuationofthosestruckpreviouslyatB abylon afew

attermaynotbeoutof place.

thef irst topo intouttheB aby loniancoinagesofA le ander

I . Thenumeroustetradrachmsof these issueshavea lso

sted anddescribedby thepresentw riter 7andneedno

hroughse uenceofdies sty leandfabrictheB aby lonian

othgo ldandsilver f romthedeathofP hil ipI I I tocirca305

mined. TheywillbefoundinMf il ler sgreatw ork underNos.

4 8 -90. Tothese o fcourse mustbeaddedmanyvarietiesnot

orenotfoundin hislists.AlongsidetheAle andrine

therewasa lsothepro lif icso-ca lled" liontype co inage:

orZ eus enthronedto I . reverse P row linglionto1. These

bySi , * I mhoof -B lumer10andH ill. 11

s fo llow ingthee amplesetbyhisfe llow satraps( A nti-

C assander L ysimachusandP to lemy , o f f icia llyassumedthe

ndertypecoinagesimmediatelyreflectthisimportantstep

ef indthenameofSeleucusreplacingthatofA le anderonthe

a. I notherrespects i. e . types w eight andfabric these

ntinuationoftheimmediatelyprecedingcoinagesof

ueonlysuchspecimenshavebeen gatheredtogether

e 2 n d ed . V o l . I V , 1 p . 1 36 n o te 2 .

is t is c he n Z e i t al t er s V o l . I I 1 p p . 73 - 4.

p. 524. Seea lsotheopinionofStahe lininP auly-Wissow a I I , 2 p. 1216.

ts ch ri ft V o l . X X V I I , 1 9 5 p p. 6 -7 .

umismatics 1911and1912 R eattributionofC erta inTetradrachmsofA le anderthe

tesandMonographsNo. 19 A le anderHoardsI I —D emanhur pp. 57-64 140-43.

A l e a n dr e l e Gr a nd C op e nh a ge n 1 5 5 .

e 3 rd S er ie s V o l . X V I I I , 1 9 , p p. 2 19 -2 2.

sc h ri f t V o l . X X V I I , 1 9 5 p p . 2 -9 .

C o insintheB rit ishMuseum A rabia etc. pp. 1 1-91.

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vailableto thewriter.Noclaimto completenessis

eperiodaf terSeleucusI . B utenoughspecimenshavebeen

sonablyclearpictureof theproductionsoftheSeleucia

. dow ntothedeathofA ntiochusII I .

eucushimselfhasattentionbeenpaidto thediesused

nsarrangedaccordingly.Theobversediesofthe gold

pital thereversediesitalic letters.Theobverseoranvil

avebeennumberedA l A 2 etc. thereverseorpunch

c. B oththesmallsi lverandthebron eissuesofSe leucus asw ellas

iatesuccessors havenothadthe irdiesnumbered asthe

lyconfinedto hisowncollectionandto illustratedcata-

castsofthese coins preservedinthevariousmuseums

seemed forthepresentatleast unnecessaryasenta il ing

healreadymuch-triedgenerosityandtimeoftheirvarious

eco ins thedenominationaldesignationssuggested

olutelyarbitraryandemployedonlyto renderitpossible

esataglance.No diepositionsofanyof thegold

avebeengivenas throughoutthisperiod theco insatthe

havebeen struckfromloosedies.Thishad alsobeenthe

rsincethesecondissueunder Ale andertheGreat.12

theweightsofallcoins cataloguedhavebeengiven.

mustbecautionedwithregardtothepresentweightsof the

nesandGe ouHoards. Whenfound thesecoinsw ereso

tspresentin theMesopotamiansoilthatalldetailsof

s monogramswereinvisible.I ntheprocessof cleaning

weightfrom onetotwogrammespertetradrachm— the

n.Thesameis alsotruewithregardto mostofthe

cavationsatSeleucia.Throughoutthecatalogueitself

es B aby lonianHoard( NoeNo. 11 ) aredesignatedby the

t h os e f ro m M .G e o u s M e so p ot a mi a n H o a rd ( N o e No . 6 0 b y

aE u r op e an p u bl i c c ol l ec t io n s in L o n do n P a r is B e r l i n e t c.

mesoftheserespectivecities.Thecataloguesof Seleucid

eumandtheB iblio the ueNationa learedesignatedby the

GardnerandB abelon.

MonographsNo. 19 p. 143.

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.3 05 -3 00 B . C.

. C .

ar in g at ri pl e- B A 2 A Q 2 o n I . S A Y K O Y o n r. ( t o

adornedwithaberead fromthecentreout .W ingedNike

facingI . ho ldingw reathinher

her1.B ehind

C ol l. , g r. 8 . 60 .P L A T I , 1 .

ge r X L V , N ov . 19 13 N o. 6 24 P I . x v i ii = E g ge r N o v .1 90 9 N o . 41 , P I . x i v , g r. 8 . 4 6.

lo n No . 3 , g r. 8 . 6 0. P L A T I , 3 .

N a vi l le X , N o . 75 0 P I . 2 5 = C o ns u l W e be r C ol l . H i r sc h X X I , N o v. 1 9 0 , N o .

g r. 8 .33 .P L A T I , 4.

ac le s to r . in l io n s B A 2 A Q 2 i n t he e e rg ue S A Y K O Y

er. Z eus nak edtow aist seated1. on

oldseagleinout-

sceptre . I n1. f ie ld

= S ir H . W e be rC ol l. V o l .I l l 2 p .7 20 N o. 7 2 9 P I . 2 5 , g r. 17 .3 3. P L A T I , 5 .

Sim ilartothepreceding. I n1. f ie ld W.

( L o b be c ke C ol l . = W a lc h er d e M ol t he i n Co l l. N o .2 5 7 P I . x x i v , g r . 1 7 .2 0

er N o. 9 , g r . 16 . 5 . P L A T 1 6 .

. P L A T I , 7 .

ng or a H o ar d , g r . 1 6. 9 . P L A T I , 8 .

Sim ilartothepreceding. I n1. f ie ld ( s .

r . 16 .4 0. P L A T I , 9 .

s , g r . 15 . 99 .

r me n ak H o a r d , g r . 1 7. 1 4. P L A T I , 1 0 .

n No. 1 , w heremonogramshavebecometransposed , gr. 17. 10.

ne . A thens.

r. 1 6. 67 . P L A T I , 1 1

A T I , 1 2 .

i a tt S a le M a rc h 1 92 2 N o .7 1 9 P L x v = B u n bu r y Co l l. S o th e by S a le D e c .

. ii i.

ne , a N e we l l ( P r o ke s ch - O s t en C ol l . B e r l i n D u p li c at e s , g r . 16 . 3

l E g g er S a le X L I , N o v . 1 91 2 N o . 63 3 a g r . 1 6. 5 1 7 B e r l i n ( L o b be c ke

L A T I , 1 3.

17 . 0 .

ag en g r. 1 6. 62 . P L A T I , 1 4.

e s , g r . 15 . 43 .

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. H i r sc h S al e X X V , N o v . 19 0 9 N o . 2 5 2 , g r . 1 7. 1 1. P L A T I , 1 5 .

n .

N o .4 6 P I . x x x ( = S c hl e si n ge r y G u m a n C o ll . S o t h eb y S al e J u l y

. v i , g r. 1 7. 00 0 I s ta nb ul ( D i a rb ek ir H o a rd , g r. 1 6. 95 .

et r op o li t an M u se u m N e w Y o r k ( W a r d C ol l . N o . 7 6 3 P I . x v i i i = M o n ta g u

e c . 1 9 4 N o . 32 7 , g r . 17 . 02 .

19 2 5 N o .7 6 5 P I . 2 6 g r . 16 . 91 .

e 0 I s ta nb ul ( D i a rb ek ir H o a rd , g r. 1 6. 77 .

A T I I , 1 .

, 2 .

N o. 5 , g r. 1 7. 17 . P L A T I I , 3 .

d , gr. 17. 13.

r H o a rd g r . 16 . 96 .

S ar o gl o s Co l l. ( B e n s o n Co l l. S o th e by S a le F e b . 1 9 09 N o . 75 3 P I . x x i v ,

I , 4 .

a E . S . G .R o b in so n Co ll . P L A T I I , 5 0 C am br id ge ( M c C le an

o. 9 23 7 P I . 3 35 2 , g r. 1 6. 96 .

l S o th e by S a le M a y 19 1 6 N o . 4 3 1 , g r . 16 . 94 . P L A T I I , 6 .

g r . 16 . 04 .

g r . 15 . 51 .

g r . 16 . 23 .

stenC oll. , gr. 16.69.

. V o l .I l l p .6 N o. 6 P I . l i ii 8 ) , g r. 17 .0 5. P L A T I I , 7 .

h o u s op o ul o s Co l l. H i r s c h S al e X I I I , M a y 1 9 05 N o . 44 2 5 P I . l i v

0 N a vi l l eS a le X , J u n e 19 2 5 N o . 7 54 P I . 2 6 g r . 1 7 .0 3 .

o ll . , g r. 17 .2 . P L A T I I , 8 .

A T I I , 9 0 C ah nS al e6 6 M ay 19 30 N o. 36 1 P I . 11 g r. 16 .0 5.

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I I , 3 .

o nd on 7 L o n do n.

eTigris p.

butw iththef f

butw iththe

ebull andQE in

4 S L ondon. P L A T I I I , 5 e -/r

pecimenssa idtohaveananchor

ebelow p. 34 No. 10 a .

B . C .

e ld W inw reath.

G a rd ne rN o. 6 P I . I , 3 , g r. 17 .1 5. P L A T I I I , 6 .

gr. 16. 50.

gr. 16.05.

N o. 1 ( A .

2 A Y K O Y on r. ( to

ut . WingedNik e

f ie l d f T i n w re a th .

A T I I I , 7 .

A A S AN A O Y on r.

lmanner . Type

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.

rc he ol og ic o ( F a br et ti N o. 2 55 ) , g r. 8 . 5 2. P L A T I I I , 8 .

e ld W inw reath.

S .G . R o bi ns on C ol l. 0 N av il le X , J u ne 1 92 5 N o. 7 62 g r. 1 6. 90 P I . 2 6. P L A T I I I , 9 .

h a s be e n re c ut o v er a p r ec e di n g A ) . a N e we l l ( A n g or a H o a r d , g r . 17 . 14 p B e r l i n

hi tt al l 1 5 1 , g r. 17 .1 6. P L A T I I I , 1 0.

enrecutoveraprecedingA ) New ell gr. 17. 02.

a p re c ed i ng A ? ) N a v i ll e X , J u n e 19 2 5 N o . 7 63 g r . 17 . 04 P I . 2 6 .

e P L A T I I I , 1 1.

. 16. 9.

N o v. 1 9 2 , N o . 4 05 4 g r . 1 6. , P I . 7 3 .

G ar dn er N o. 7 , g r . 16 .9 . P L A T I I I , 1 2 .

a b e l on N o . 17 , g r . 1 6. 0 0 I s t an b ul ( S a rd e s P o t -h o ar d N o. 1 5 , g r . 1 6. 5 5.

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ow ( H u nt er C ol l. V o l . I l l p . 6 N o . 5 , g r. 1 6. 70 0 N ew el l g r. 1 7. 14 . P L A T I I I ,

A ng or a H o ar d , g r. 1 7. 12 . P L A T I I I , 1 4.

Cl e an C o ll . N o. 9 2 36 P I . 3 3 5 1 = B a b i n gt o n Co l l. S o th e by S al e 1 9 1 N o .

. C .

Sim ilartothepreceding butZ eusho ldsa

outstretchedr.

n ea t h th r on e K .

B A S A Q S . a A ll ot te d e la F u y e Co ll . ( C i an i Sa le F e b . 19 25 N o. 7 26 P I . 1 2 ,

don( GardnerNo. 20. Thesupposed" date A seenbyGardnerbeneath

, i . e . A , o f t he t i tl e , g r . 16 . 5 y C a mb r id g e ( M c C le a n Co l l.

4 = S i m Co ll . S ot he by 1 9 0 N o. 3 93 , g r. 1 6. 6 i G eo rg e J . B a u e rC ol l.

vl le V I I , J u ne 1 92 4 N o . 16 65 P I . 5 7 , g r. 1 6. 79 . P L A T I V , 1 .

. 03 .

milarto thepreceding.I n1.field

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. 05 .

me na k H o ar d , g r. 1 7. 0 .

aringacrestedThemonogramW aboveanelephant

fdots. standingtor. B eneathe lephant B .

da to -B e l ta z i C ol l. J o ur . in t. d a rc h. n um . V o l . X I I I , 1 91 1 p . 2 7

2 ) , g r . 6 .0 3 . P L A T I V , 4 . T h i s co i n ha s b ee n r es t ru c k on a s p ec i me n o f

L A T I V , 5 . A ls o r es t ru c k ov e r a pr e ce d in g c oi n . 7 N e we l l g r .

3 « ) L o n do n « ) G l as go w( H u nt er Co ll . V o l. I l l p .8 , N o. 29 P I . I x i ii 1 4 ,

( f r om I r ak , g r. 7 . 3 .

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ttor.

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milarto thepreceding butfsfisbeneath

sinf ront.

L A T I V , 6 / ) L o nd on .P L A T I V , 7 y R e v. E d ga rR o ge rs

V o l . X I I , 1 91 2 p . 2 40 N o. 3 g r. 3 .9 5 P I . i , 5 .

Sim ilartoNo. 15 butw ithP beneaththe

P L A T I V , 8 ; 0 L o ndo n. P L A T I V , 9 y L o nd on t P a ri s( B ab e-

i 1 5 g r. 8 . 2 0 t C ah n Sa le 8 4 N ov . 19 33 N o. 4 03 g r. 8 . 5 0 P I . 1 4.

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e .

Sim ilartothepreceding butw ith^ 1be-

6 P L A T I V , 1 0 / 3 N e we ll ( r es tr uc ko n No . 6 , g r. 8 . 1 9. P L A T I V , 1 1.

B . C .

SimilartoNos.13 and14.Z eusholdsNike

1. f ie ld No.

r m e na k H o a r d , g r . 1 7. 1 5. P L A T I V , 1 2 .

on N o. 2 3 P I . I , 8 ) , g r .1 6. 0 .

r is ( B a b e l on N o . 24 . Th e " o o f " N o i s c ov er e d by c o rr o si o n , g r . 16 . 70 0 L o n do n

g r. 1 7. 04 . P L A T I V , 1 3.

milarto thepreceding andwiththesame

L A T I V , 1 4 0 P a r is ( B a be lo n N o .2 5 P I . I , 9 , g r. 2. 00 .

milarto thepreceding andwiththesame

C ll . , g r. 0 .6 7. P L A T I V , 1 5.

to N o . 19 . I n 1 . f ie l d j f r ( o r f t .

N av il le X , J u ne 1 92 5 N o. 7 69 g r. 1 6. 74 P I . 2 6 0 G la sg ow ( H u nt er V o l . I l l

I x i ii 9 , g r .1 7. 13 .P L A T I V , 1 6.

H u nt er V o l . I l l p . 7 N o .1 1 , g r . 17 .1 3. P L A T I V , 1 7.

sityMuseum U niversityofPennsy lvania .

n ( G a rd n er N o . 17 , g r . 1 6 .5 0 .

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g en g r. 1 7. 0 . P L A T I V , 1 .

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ldbyZ eus.

el g r. 1 7. 23 6 N ew el l ( A n go ra H o a rd , g r. 1 7. 00 P L A T V , 1 .

ra H o a rd , g r. 1 7. 15 . P L A T V , 2 .

J u ne 1 92 5 N o. 7 66 g r. 1 7. 15 P I . 2 6 0 L o nd on ? ) N ew el l. gr . 17 .1 1. P L A T

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1. f ie ld A I .

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on .P L A T V , 7 .

B . C .

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ar dn er N o. 1 9 , g r. 1 6. 8 .

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m h oo f -B l u m e r , g r . 1 7. 0 0. P L A T V , 1 2 .

1 6. 91 0 N av il le X , J u ne 1 92 5 N o. 7 75 P I . 2 6 g r. 1 7. 01 7 N av il le X , J u ne

. 2 7 g r. 1 7. 01 = C a hn S al e 65 O c t . 19 29 N o. 2 52 P I . 8 , g r. 1 7. 2 « ) L o nd on

g r . 17 . 11 .

. 16. 9.

b i n so n g r . 17 . 13 .

C .

ciain thenameofSeleucusI was asmighthave

eryconsiderablee tent.

mensof thego ldstater( No. 1 areactua llyk now nto

dfourobverseandfourreversediestoproducethem showing

ntedthisgoldissue mustbetoday.Thetetradrachms

esurvivedingreaterbulk.F orthethreeknownvarietiesof

hteenobverseandfif ty reversediesarek now n. B ut as

ngupalmostinvariablygivesus anewreversedie wecan

tentof the issue. F urthermore a lthoughtherearesi ty

hesefallintono lessthanfiftydiecombinations ofwhichonly

morethanonee tantcoin.Thus thecomparative

ymaterialisagainrevealed.

wasdesirousofissuinghisnew coinageinsufficientq uantity

htbetheoldcoins bearingthenamesofAle anderand

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hargeof the init ia lproductionw asthemagistratesigninghimself

su p er v is e s th e g ol d ( N o .1 , s i lv e r ( N o . 2 a n d br o n e

butthere uirede tentof theco inagew asapparentlymorethan

anded andassistantsweresoonadded—three forthe

a n d on e f or t h e br o n e ( c f . No . 8 ) .

bySeleucusforhis goldandsilverarewell knownfrom

le anderco ins there islitt leneedofcomment. Thegold

type sty leandfabricbutthedirectcontinuationofw hathad

mthemintat B abylon.O nlyinthearrangementofthe

vation. OntheA le anderstatersofB aby lon w henthe

the invariableschemeis: > | £ . O nthenew issuesof

heschematicarrangementis:

tetradrachmsofGroupA isclosestinstyle andfabricto

y lon. J ustasona llthetetradrachmsofA le anderstruck at

e erguall ineonthereverse andacushionbeneaththeseated

ntthan absent.Theonlynoticeableinnovationisthaton

S P 3 0 P S 1 P S 9 t h e r e is n o b ac k t o th e t hr o ne . T he c o in s a re

A sK interchangesw ithA and©, thislettercannot

assuggestedbyP ercyGardner 13andj ustly refutedby

ustbeamagistrate sinit ial.

dapparentlyneverpreviouslycoinedincopper.1 H ence

tto fo llow andentire lynew typesw erechosen( Nos. 6- ,

1 - 5 . O n t h e o b ve r se w e se e a h an d so me h e ad o f A th e na w e ar i ng a

lmetofAtticform incontradistinctiontotheCorinthian

artothegold staters.Thereverseisadornedwitha humped

sbracedstifflybeforehim hisheadpartiallylowered.Some-

I I I , 1 t h e he a d is n o t ma r ke d ly l o we r ed a n d th e l ef t f or e le g

eground asif inrageanddef iance.

nthebron ecoinsofsuch atype17musthavehadsome

i n gs o f S yr i a p . 2 N o . 20 .

t c . I n t ro d . p . x x x v i ii .

pperco insof theA le andertypearek now ntoe istw hichcanbeassignedtoB aby lon

uestbyA le anderin331dow nto305B . C . Smallchangewasobv iously furnished

lsand half-obolswhichwereissuedfromtimetotimeand whichbeartheaccus-

marks.

c le b y D r . L e d er e r Z e i l s c hr i ft / O r N u m is m at i k V o l . X X X I I I , 1 9 21 p p . 19 - 2 00

esofhelmetwhich sometimesappearonconnectedissuesofcoins.Thepresent

otherinstanceofsucha j u taposit ion.

v e be e n at t ri b ut e d by W r o t h B r i t . M us . Ca t . P o n tu s e t c. p . 1 09 N o s. 3 4 P I .

we d by t he R e c ue U g l ni ra l de s mo nn ai es d A si e Mi ne ur e V , 1 90 , p . 24 7 N o. 2 P I . X X X V I I , 6

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toa llbeholders. WithEck hel 1 thepresentw riterw ould

etowhatmusthavebeena wide-spreadstorytoldof

t isbestpresentedtousinA ppian 1 w hostates: " H e( Se leucus

werfulframethatoncewhena wildbullwasbroughtfor

andbrok e loosef romhisropes Se leucusheldhimalone

forwhichreasonhisstatuesareornamentedwith

how ever w ouldsee21inthisstorymere lya laterta leconcocted

ornssooftentobenotedontheportra itso fSe leucus. The

coinswouldseemtobe beste plainedbyacceptingthe

ortheanimalis notheredepictedinthe actofbutting

ntationonSeleucidcoins— butitsstancedoes actually

ppian sta le j ustbrokenf romitsbandsanddef iantly

gtooverpowerit.

B . C .

echaracteri edbyawreathof myrtle laurelorolive

gramofthechief magistrate.Whetheror notthisfact

ncecanhardlybe proved.I tspresencemaysimply

tetheissuesofthis yearfromthosepreceding.F urther-

circlingthe chiefmagistrate smonogramwithawreathhad

datB abylonoveralongperiod.22O ntheotherhand the

eath wherepreviouslyforseveralyearstherehadbeen

stive . I f ourproposeddatingisaccepted thisparticular

-3B . C orj ustw henthenewsofSe leucus successesinthe

overyofdistantP ersianprov inces musthavereachedB aby lonia .

hynia. Thesty leandfabrico f theco ins how ever aretypica llySe leucid andau-

m ifever havethenameofthemintingcity renderedbyamonogramonly.F urther-

tse lf cannotbemadetoreso lve itse lf intoM P A A astheupsilonisentire lymissing

nsanetawhichdoes notoccurinthe city sname.Theanchorinthe fieldofNo.7

ya lSe leucidissue andnotautonomous. F ina lly andthisissure ly thedeciding

nsofNo. 6w ere laterre-usedasblank suponw hichtostrikeNos. 15and1 .

I l l p. 213.

aniusandC odinusa lsok now thestory.

oraceWhite L oebC lassica lLibrary .

ntrod. p. x x x ii. B abelonherespeak swithregardtotheotherbullswhichappearso

co ins—forthepresentpiecesw erenotrecogni edbyhimasbeingofSe leucidorigin.

planationof thetypeonthecoinsofSe leucusI ana llusiontothefamousbullNandio f

ton ashesays de I ' I ndecommelestliphants. H ence heregardsthetypeasana llusionto

nI ndia. I tseemsverydoubtfulto thepresentw riterthattheGreeks atthist ime

gI ndiabymeansofthe bull especiallyastothemthe elephantappearedafarmore

canimal. In anycase noreferenceto I ndiacanhavebeenintendedonourparticular

troducedprevioustoSeleucus invasionofI ndia.Accordingtoolderhistorians

e c le r c e t c. S e le u cu s s ig n ed t h e pe a ce w i th C h an d ra g up t a in 3 0 2 B . C j u s t be f or e h e

nL ysimachusinA siaMinor. B e loch he. cit. p. 142 footnote2 assignsthiseventto

s. 709-49.

p. 142 footnote2 placesthepeacew ithC handragupta" inthesummerof304oratthe

er.

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ts

roductionof thegoldstater( Nos.10and11 , which

dinate sinit ial( K asw ellasthemonogramof thechie f

ough oneof thesestaters( No. 11 displaysthenameof

tofSeleucus.The temporarychangeinthearrangement

ptiononNo. 11 back tow hattheyhadbeenunderA le an-

gestsadeliberatecopyingofan earliercoinforsomedefinite

wasthusintendedto linkthenamesofAle anderand

reatcon uerorsof theEast I nthecourseofourstudiesw e

mentonnumerousotherand yetmoreobviousallusions

con uerorpare ce llenceandthechosenmodelo fSe leucid

oupB withAisshownnot onlybytheircommonstyle

e continueduseofobversedieA intheproductionofthe

, andofobversediesA 14 A 15 A 1 inthato f thetetra -

2 . D iscoveryof furtherspecimensof thesecoinsw illdoubt-

nstancesofsuchre-use.The scantynumberofe amples

ngthesubordinate ssignatureA isnoticeable.The

associatedw ithhisissuesinGroupA isherefound

ie s s ig n ed b y K { P 6 5 P 5 6 P 5 7 h a vi n g in e a ch c a se t h e

formerA I issignificanto f theprocedurefollow edinthe

. C .

drachmsinGroupsA andB seemsnowtohaveslowed

sentquantity ismuchreduced. Only tw oobverse( A 22

di es ( P 6 7 P 6 , P 6 9 P 7 0 P 7 1 a re k no wn w hi le t he n um be r

edhasfallento eight.Correspondingstatersappearto

thesuddenappearance inZ eus righthand onthese

wingedvictory facingtorightandofferingthe godawreath.

emonogramJ = f is no longersurroundedbyaw reath—pos-

encirclingthemonogramofameremagistrate wasnot

nceof thesymbolwasactuallyrenderedunnecessaryby

mofthevictory inZ eus hand.Comingasitdoesat this

ecoinage theallusionisobviouslytothe successeswhich

rw ishedhissub ectstobelievethathehadgained inthe

pire.

uenceanddatingof thesilverco inssuggest thetypesnow

fbron eco insrendercerta in. F orit isatthisverypo int

inageofbron e intw odenominations mak esitsappear-

Theobversesstil lpresenttheheadofA thena butnow wearing

eadofAttic form.Thereversetypeofbothdenomina-

anelephant w hichappearsforthef irstt imeonSeleucid

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onnectionw ithSe leucus I ndiancampaignand abovea ll

uisitionfromChandraguptaoffivehundredwarelephants

atthe newbron eissuesurelyaccompaniedthetetra-

iousfromthefactthatthe monogramW iswithout

ththe silverandthebron es whiletheaccompanying

nthebron eco insNogf tl5to16 probably representsthe

of thetetradrachmNo. 14. Thus thetw opeculiarit ies—

theelephantonthebron es—togetherw iththeirparticular

eof issues show theconnectionofGroupC w ithSeleucus

acticallycertain.

therefore thatthewreathinGroupB mayreferonly to

yof theeasternmostP ersianprov inces. I tcouldhardlyhavebeen

thChandraguptaandtheac uisitionoftheelephantshad

ttheinnovationsrepresentedbytheNikeandtheelephant

hecoinsof thatmint.Assumingthatit wouldtakeat

arethenew dies the irposit ioninourse uenceof issues

tween303and302at theearliest.Thisfactsupports

. I V . 1 p . 1 42 o f t he P e a ce T r ea t y in 3 0 4/ 3 B . C . a s a ga i ns t t ha t

wasapparentlyissuedinc onsiderableq uantities.Not

now k now n buttw oaddit iona lsubordinates P and^1

sisttheoriginalincumbents.Thecoinage furthermore

somewhatofahurry orthefacilitiesof themintwerenot

n forsevera lo fourspecimensarerestruck uponco insof the

eststhatoldcoins wereemployedasblankswithout

entq uantityoffreshflans.F romanofficialstandpoint

the generalpubliccouldbefocussedon theking seastern

cetheobvioushasteinthe productionofhumblebron e

typeof theI ndianelephant.

B . C .

elynewmagistrateshavebeenappointedtosupervisethe

econnectionwithpreviousissuesis keptupbythecontinued

eformerdie-cutters.Thus forinstance themanwho

V , 1 2 i s s ur e ly t h e sa m e ar t is t w ho h a d pr o du c ed A 1 6 ( P L A T

nationshadasyetappearedatSeleucia andasthelast

ndertypef romtheB aby lonmint24w asbynow f romtento

itisnot surprisingthatweshouldheremeetwith acoinage

bridgethegapbetweenbron eandtetradrachms.

n de r : cf . M ii l le r o p . oi l . N o s. 6 6 , 6 7 5 6 7 6 8 0 6 1 2 73 1 2 74 t o ge t he r w it h n um e ro u s

ler. I nnameofPhil ipI I I : cf . op. cit. Nos. 31 32 104a togetherw ithsomevarie -

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ts

avesofarcomedow ntous—tw ohemidrachms( No. 20 and

runusualfeaturesconnectedwith thisparticular

drachms Nos. 22 23 24 25and26 bearsthesignature

eadoftwo ashadbeenthepracticeheretofore.That

onecoinagemaybeseennot onlyintheidentityof their

soby theuse incommonofsuchobversediesasA 25 A 26

eissue forsomereasonorother thev ictory inZ eus

ttedandtheformer( andlongsanctioned eaglesub-

d25 . B utbeforetheco inagehadended thev ictoryw as

P erhapsitshappysymbolismofsuccessw asmoreobvious

sthantheeagle . I tmusta lsoberememberedthat if thedates

era lgroupsbecorrect then beforetheendof thisissue

. C , thegloriousnew sof thedecisivevictoryw onbySeleucus

soverthepowerfulAntigonusatI psusmusthavereached

yhavebeenq uitesufficientreasontocausethe hasty

ureonthe coinage

sdescribedinourcata logue theree istsavarietyof the

lybyasinglespecimeninParis( B abelon No. 26 gr. 17.20

ic h b y th e m on o gr a m j f e a n d th e l et t er s B E A w h ic h i t be a rs s h ou l d fa l l

emonogramoccurswith slightvariations—butall

ecommonnameZ < 5icupo


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ownhoardsof anyoftheSeleuciantetradrachmsde-

abededuced. A ne ampleofNo. 9w asintheK iouleler

nsofNo.4 wereinthehoardfromB abyloniaonceownedby

especimeneachofNos. 4 14 19and27w asintheA rmenak

thesehoardsw ereburiedbeforec. 2 0B . C andsocanfurnish

onconcerningthe Seleuciantetradrachms.Stillmoreso

ou sMesopotamianhoard 2 w hichconta inedaspecimenof

otburieduntilthere ignofSe leucusI I . O ntheotherhand

neofNo. 4 oneofNo. 12 andtw oofNo. 24( these lastin

n turnedupintheA ngoraH oard2 andservetodatethat

esencethereinwouldsuggestaburial notlongafterthe

bablyduringtheperiodof re-ad ustmentw henSeleucidforces

onof Antigonus empire.There-ad ustmentmayhave

thusaccountingfortheburial.

c .3 00- 2 0 B . C.

. C .

s to r . w it h lo ng l oc ks B A S A Q 2 o n 1 . S A Y K O Y i n th e

ergue. H elmetedanddrapedA thena

ed1.and brand-

sdr. standingin

edelephantsto r.

n d At h en a B . B e -

l( G e o u , g r . 16 .2 ; 0 N ew el l ( H a yn es , g r. 1 6. 09 . P L A T V I , 1 .

B . C .

Sim ilartothepreceding. I nthee ergue

nd on g r. 1 4. 7 0 N ew el l ( H a yn es , g r . 16 .3 4. P L A T V I , 3 7 P a r i s ( B a b e lo n

L A T V I , 2 .

bliographyofGreek CoinHoards NumismaticNotesandMonographsNo. 7 , H oards

.

oard containingnearly twothousandtetradrachmsanddrachmsofA le anderI I I ,

y simachusandSeleucusI , w asfoundsomew here inA siaMinorin1927. I t issa idtohavecome

hernAsiaMinor butthewriterhasbeen unabletoverifythisreport.A studyof

musthavebeenburiedin orshortlyaf ter 2 0B . C . C f . Noe op. t it . H oard67.

H o a rd 6 0 .

H o a r d 5 1.

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milarto thepreceding.Abovethe

oa n ch o r 2 .

tanMuseumofA rt New Y ork ( WardC oll. No . 765 P I . x v ii i= MontaguC oll.

9 6 N o. 6 90 P I . i ) , g r . 17 .2 4. P L A T V I , 4 .

milarto thepreceding.Tor.of anchor

e I I ( o r p? ) .

G e o u , g r. 1 6. 49 . P L A T V I , 5 .

milarto thepreceding.Tor.of ele-

( G a r d ne r N o. 2 9 , g r . 17 . 20 . P L A T V I , 6 .

g. Sim ilartothepreceding. I nthee ergue

o gr a m ( H ? ) •

g r. 1 6. 44 5. P L A T V I , 7 .


a y ne s , g r. 1 6. 36 . P L A T V I , 8 .

butslightlyre-Similarto thepreceding.Tor.ofele-

ut h e ne c k. p h an t s 2 . I n t h e e e r g u e / ( ? ) .

g r. 1 7. 17 . P L A T V I , 9 .

. C .

milarto thepreceding.B ehindAthena

g r . 1 6. 7 7. P L A T V I , 1 0 .

g. Sim ilartothepreceding. I nthee ergue

a yn es , g r. 1 6. 43 . P L A T V I , 1 1.

B . C .

ieA 36iscon-Sim ilartothepreceding. I nthee ergue

inaveryw ornandA N.

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L o bb ec ke C ol l. , g r. 1 6. 9 . P L A T V I , 1 2.

B a b el on N o. 7 0 , g r. 1 6. 90 . P L A T V I I , I .

eneaththe

N . O n di eP I 1 0 N i s

ee ergue A N.

( F o C ol l. f ro m W hi tt al l , g r . 16 .9 1. P L A T V I I , 2 .

G ar dn er N o . 27 , g r . 16 .6 2. P L A T V I I , 3 .

eneathA thena s

N a nt eu il C ol l . N o . 4 7 P I . x x x ( H e l bi ng S al e N ov . 19 2 , N o. 4 05 6 P I . 7 3 , g r. 1 6. 75

, g r. 16 .3 4. P L A T V I I , 4 .

rd n er N o . 2 ) , g r . 17 . 00 .

ne s g r . 15 . 31 .

esr. w earinglion s

th ee e rgu e 2 A Y K O Y

. onthrone ho lding

dresting 1.on

nchor. B eneaththrone

e 60 J u l y 19 2 , N o . 1 0 33 , g r . 3 . 94 0 B e r l i n ( K o n su l S tr a us s , g r . 4 . 09 .

5 7 A th en s( S op hi ko H o ar d .

B . C .

hf low inglock s tor.

orinthianhelmet

ent.

2 A Y K O Y on r.

ing1. ho ldswreathin

isin 1.To1.of

athr. w ing .

eb er Co ll . N o. 7 2 7 P I . 2 5 , g r. 8 . 61 .P L A T V I I , 6 .

sr. andthesamedie

( B a b el o n N o. 6 5 , g r . 16 . 30 .

l e.

ircle ofdots.

elephantsason

R . I n f r on t o f

7 .

.

2 o n

N o. 5 9 P I . i i 1 3 , g r. 1 4. 90 0 B e r l in ( P r ok es ch -O s t en C ol l . , g r. 1 0. 26

ur . I n t . Nu m. V o l . X I I I , 1 9 1 1 p . 1 34 N o. 4 9 , g r. 1 6. 72 S L o nd on

aontheT igris p. 6 No. 9 gr. 7. 73 f C ongreg. derMechitaristeninWien

I , 1 8 4 p .2 92 N o. 14 6 g r. 16 .4 0 f N ew el l g r. 15 .5 4. P L A T V I I , 8 .

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milarto thepreceding.

N o. 6 2 P I . i i 1 6 , g r. 4 .3 5 0 B e r li n ( L o bb ec ke C ol l. , g r. 3 .4 9 7 L o nd on

I . i i 6 , g r . 3. 01 S L e ni ng ra d { J o ur . I n t . Nu m. V o l . X I I I , 1 9 1 1 p . 13 4

e- tr Se ltuciaontheT igris p. 6 No. 9 f if teenspecimensranginginweight

r N e we l l ( P h i li p se n C ol l . H i r sc h S al e X X V , 1 9 09 N o . 2 6 0 , g r . 3. 4 1.

9 v N ewe ll g r. 3.6 4.

B . C .

to N o . 43 e c e pt t h at B A 2 A Q 2

Y K O Y i s on t he 1 .

W f f beneath1.

le X , J u ne 19 25 N o. 75 1 P I . 25 g r. 8 . 5 ; 0 L o n do n( G ar dn er N o. 1 P I . i ,

I I , 1 0 .

sr. C ircleofdots. I nscriptionandtypesasonNo. 44. I n

H a y ne s , g r. 1 6. 19 . P L A T V I I , 1 1.

milarto theprecedingbutthemonograms

einverseorder.

f r om B a g hd ad , g r. 1 6. 5 . P L A T L V I , 1 7.

No. 4 . Sim ilartothepreceding e ceptthatA

name andHf f is

a yn es , g r . 15 . 3 . P L A T V I I , 1 2 .

1 9 33 N o . 40 4 P I . 1 4 g r . 1 7 .0 0 .

Sim ilartothepreceding e ceptthat

me andA is

B a be lo n N o . 67 , g r . 17 .0 0. P L A T V I I , 1 3 .

e o u , g r . 16 .7 6. P L A T V I I , 1 4 .

e s s L u c er n e S a l e 20 7 D e c . 1 9 31 N o .6 3 9 P I . 1 5 g r . 1 6 .3 9 .


B e y Co ll . ( E g ge r Sa le X L I , N ov . 19 12 N o. 6 37 P I . x v i i , g r. 1 6. 3 . P L A T V I I , 1 5.

epreceding.Similartothepreceding.Abovethe ele-

I S .

ll g r. 17 .1 7 P L A T L V I , 1 .

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. C .


er gu e A .

r li n g r . 17 .0 9 0 R a t to S al e O c t. 1 93 4 N o . 23 1 P I . v ii g r. 1 6. 0 . P L A T V I I I , 1 .

hepreceding. Similartothepreceding butw ithboth( ? )

gue.

a yn es , g r. 1 5. 9 . P L A T V I I I , 2 .

u t h Se r bi a n H o a rd 1 9 25 N o e l o c . e t . N o . 95 9 , g r . 16 . 75 .

milarto thepreceding.Tor.of the

he e e rg ue f if .

g r. 1 6. 56 . P L A T V I I I , 3 .

B . C .

now inaw orncondi-Sim ilartothepreceding. I nthee ergue

a yn es , g r. 1 5. 75 . P L A T V I I I , 4 .


r is ( B a be lo n N o. 6 ) , g r. 16 .9 0 0 N ew el l ( H a yn es , g r. 16 .4 . P L A T V I I I , 5 .


el ( H a y n e s , g r . 16 . 26 0 S c hl e ss i ng e r Sa l e 13 F e b . 19 3 5 N o . 1 41 , g r . 16 . 9 P I . 5 0

, 6 .

rcleofdots.B A2 A Q Sonr. 2 A Y K O Y on1.of

. o f shaf t A onr.

a v il le S al e I , A pr . 19 21 N o. 2 92 6 P I . l x x i v , g r . 0. 67 0 N av il le X , J u ne

I . 2 7 g r .0 .6 4 y N av il le X , J u ne 1 92 5 N o . 8 1 0 P I . 2 7 g r .0 .5 7 « ) H a m-

93 0 N o. 4 10 g r. 0 .6 2 P I . 1 3 e N ew el l g r. 0 .6 3 f P a r i s ( B a be lo n N o.

g r. 0. 65 f L o n do n( G ar dn er N o. 42 P I . ii 2 , g r. 0. 65 " i ) N ew Y o rk M et ro -

a r dC ol l. N o. 7 73 , g r. 0 .5 7. P L A T V I I I , 7 9 C am br id ge

l l p . 3 25 N o .9 2 45 g r . 0. 5 2 P I . 3 3 5 1 1 .

and0aredescribedinthe irrespectivecata loguesashav ingf . orK forthesecondmono-

tfc badlyformed.Thecoinsarefromthe sameobverseandreversedies.

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arto Nos.55-57.Tor.ofthe ele-

e r gu e t f a.

e l( H a yn es , g r . 16 .1 9. P L A T V I I I , 8 .

t th e t ri p od h a s fi l le t s Si m il a r to N o. 5 . O n L , > H ; o n r . B .

Co ll . C ia ni 1 92 5 P I . 1 3 N o. 7 3 ( = C ah n Sa le 6 0 J u ly 1 92 , N o.

g r. 0 .6 2 / 3 F e n er ly B e y Co ll . E g ge r Sa le X L I , 1 91 2 N o. 6 35 P I . x v i i g r. 0 .5 9

ne 1 92 5 N o . 8 1 1 P I . 2 7 g r . 0. 59 i N av il le X , J u ne 1 92 5 N o . 8 1 2 P I . 2 7

l g r. 0 .6 ; f N ew el l g r. 0 .5 2. P L A T V I I I , 9 f M et ro po li ta n Mu se um

a r d Co ll . N o. 7 72 , g r. 0 .5 4 , ) R . J a me so n Co ll . N o. 1 65 9 P I . I x x x i i i

Circleofdots.B A2 A Q 2onr. 2 A Y K O Y on1.

u te r 1 . fi e ld I ; i n

leofdots.

l N o .1 6 60 P I . I x x x i i i ( = A m er i ca n C ol l ec t or S o th e by S a le A p ri l 1 90 9

g r. 0 .6 3 0 N av il le S al e X , J u ne 1 92 5 N o. 8 1 3 g r. 0 .6 1 P I . 2 7 7 B e r li n g r.

I I , 10 .

. C .

edieasNo. 57. SimilartoNo. 59. I nthee ergue A O.

e Sa le X , J u ne 1 92 5 N o . 7 5 P I . 2 7 g r .1 5. 96 . P L A T V I I I , 1 1 0 D r . A rt hu r

o us op ou lo s Co ll . H i r s ch X I I I , 1 90 5 N o. 4 43 0 P I . l v g r. 1 7. 1 f t N ew el l ( H a yn es ,

I I I , 1 2.


.

ck ho lm ( N a v il le S al e X , J u ne 1 92 5 N o. 8 1 5 P I . 2 7 , g r. 1 6. 42 0 N ew el l ( G e o u ,

I I I , 1 3.

B a b el on N o. 6 9 , g r. 1 7. 00 . P L A T V I I I , 1 4 .


s s h ie l d A .

le X , J u n e 19 2 5 N o . 7 4 P I . 2 7 ( = H e a d l am C ol l . S o th e by S a le M a y 19 1 6 N o .

gr .1 6. 5. P L A T V I I I , 15 .

g r . 16 . 90 . P L A T V I I I 1 6 . Th e d el t a on t h is s p ec i me n h as m o re t h e fo r m of a n

ellets placedatitsthree corners.


i C ol l. N av il le I , A pr .1 92 1 N o. 29 1 , g r. 15 .5 3 P I . l x x v .P L A T V I I I , 1 7.

ne s g r . 16 . 36 .

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g r . 1 6 . 0 .

eavycorrosion

or monograms

ence thetrue

ncertain.

. C .


( H a yn es , g r. 1 6. 43 . P L A T I X , 1 .

9 B . C .

a a s b ef o re t o r . O n r . S A Y K O Y . N o t it l e. N i ke a s

@ a b ov e A•

be lo n N o. 1 , g r. 8 . 65 .P L A T I X , 2 .

s asbefore tor. w ith-Typesandinscriptionsasonthepreceding

chms.Thenearestelephantwears

neck.B ehind

th a n ch o r ® .

n na 0 N av il le S al e X , J u ne 1 92 5 N o . 7 3 P I . 2 7 g r . 17 .0 6. P L A T I X , 3 .

milarto thepreceding.B eneathAthena s

u me r Co ll . , g r. 4 .0 1. P L A T I X , 4 .

No. 69. Sim ilartothepreceding. A boveA thena s

s hi e ld P \ .

n( G ar dn er N o. 25 P I . i 7 , g r. 16 .9 . P L A T I X , 5 .

No. 70. Sim ilartothepreceding. A boveshie ld H.

A T I X , 5 a.

o.70.Similartothe preceding.Tother.of

A T I X , 6 . F r o m t he s a me o b ve r se d i e as N o s. 7 0 a nd 7 U .

C r e a



/ h t t p : / / w w w . h


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33/367

milarto thepreceding.Abovetheele-

c t . 19 31 N o. 5 15 P I . 1 6 g r. 4 .1 3 0 N ew el l ( G e o u , g r. 3 .7 2

L A T I X , 1 4 i N e wY o r k M e t r op o li t an M u se u mo f A rt ( W a r d C ol l .

7 B . C.


gr. 15.97.

e lo n N o. 64 P I . ii i 1 , g r. 17 .1 0. P L A T I X , 1 5.

F o C ol l. , g r. 1 6. 95 5. P L A T I X , 1 6.


.

J u ne 1 93 0 N o. 4 11 P I . 1 3 g r. 4 .1 5 0 N ew el l ( N a vi l le S al e X I I , 1 92 6

g r. 4 .1 9. P L A T I X , 1 7 y L o n d on ( G ar dn er N o. 3 0 , g r. 4 .1 5

, N ov . 19 13 N o. 6 32 P I . x v i ii g r. 4 .2 6 e N ew el l ( G e o u , g r . 3. 2

L A T X , l a f B e r li n ( I m ho of -B l u me r Co ll . g r. 4 .1 3. P L A T X , 1

te r Co ll . V o l . I l l p . 5 N o. 3 g r. 4 .1 5.

esameobversedie . i eandfaref romanotherobversedie .

Sim ilartothepreceding e ceptthatA thena

ehindA thena A .

m o f Ar t N e w Y o r k ( J . W a r d C ol l . N o . 7 6 ) , g r . 2 .0 1 . P L A T X , 2

n e r ly B e y C o l l. E g g er S a le X L I , 1 9 1 3 N o . 6 39 P I . x v i i g r . 1. 9 7.

artoNo. 8 1. B ehindA thena O .

G e o u , g r . 16 . 5 . P L A T X , 3 .

e J u ne 1 93 0 N o. 8 3 7 P I . 2 5 ( = F e n er ly B e y Co ll . E g g e rS al e X L I , N ov .

. x v i i g r. 1 6. 51 , g r. 1 6. 4 .


A .

N av il le I , A pr .1 92 1 N o .2 91 9 P I . I x x x i v g r .3 . 5 . P L A T X , 4 0 N ew el l

g r . 4. 1 7.

Sim ilartoNo. 83 w ithA thena intheele-

ena O. B eneath

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i n B a g h da d , g r . 1 .9 2 . P L A T X , 5 0 B e r l i n g r . 1 .9 3 . F r o m th e

ceding.

artoNo. 8 4. B eneathshield A O .

g r. 1 6. 5 . P L A T X , 8 .

t Co l l. N a vi l l eV I I , J u n e 19 2 4 N o .1 6 66 P I . 5 7 ( = C u mb e rl a nd C l ar k C ol l . S o th e by

P I . vi i , g r. 16 .7 6. P L A T X , 6 .

g er S al e X L V , N ov . 19 13 N o. 6 31 P I . x v i ii g r. 1 6. 6 ; 0 L o nd on ( G ar dn er N o. 2 6 ,

, 7 .

milarto thepreceding.B eneathshield

5 0 A ll ot te d el a F u ye C ol l. C ia ni S al e F e b . 19 25 N o. 7 34 P I . 1 3

B a b el on N o. 7 2 , g r. 3 .9 0. P L A T X , 9 i N av il le S al e X , J u ne 1 92 5

g r .4 .1 0.

f romthesameobversedieasNo. 89.

Similarto thepreceding.B eneathshield

2 0 N ew el l g r. 3 .6 5. P L A T X , 1 0.

pairofdies.

milarto thepreceding butbeneath

.

, g r. 4. 07 0 N ew el l( G e o u , g r. 4. 03 .P L A T X , 1 1 y N ew Y o rk

rt( WardC oll. No . 766 f ig. , gr. 3. 76.

versedie.

milarto thepreceding butwithnomono-

u ne 1 92 3 N o . 27 3 P I . l x v i g r. 3 . 6 0 N av il le S al e X , J u ne 1 92 5

6 g r. 3.5 . P L A T X , 12 .

6 B . C .

artoNo. 8 7. B ehindA thena f l> .

g r . 1 5 .6 5 . P L A T X , 1 3 .


.

, g r. 4. 0 . P L A T X , 1 4 0 N av il le Sa le X , J u ne 19 25 N o. 79 1 P I . 26

ge M cC le an C ol l. V o l . I l l p . 32 5 N o. 9 24 1 P I . 3 35 6 g r. 3 . 0 .

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epreceding.Similartothepreceding.B ehindAthena

A T X , 1 5.

No. 92. Sim ilartoNo. 92. B ehindA thena f ib

anthasa bell.

ow H u n te r Co ll . V o l. I l l p . 5 N o .1 g r. 1 7. 41 P I . l i ii 7 .

No. 94. Sim ilartothepreceding butw ithoutbe ll.

.

ot he by F e b . 19 09 N o. 7 55 P I . x x v g r. 4 .0 ; / 3 N ew el l g r. 4 .0 0. P L A T

id ge M cC le an C ol l. V o l . I l l p . 32 5 N o. 9 24 0 P I . 3 35 5 g r. 4 .1 2.

bverseandreversedies.Theobversedie isthesameasthat used

.

Nos. 93 94and96. Sim ilartothepreceding. B eneathshie ld

f ib .

3 F e b . 19 35 N o. 1 42 4 P I . 5 0 g r. 4 .1 . P L A T X , 1 7.

milarto thepreceding butAthenaisin

ndA thenaO .

ts f ib-

u ne 1 92 5 N o. 7 92 P I . 2 6 ( = E g ge r Sa le X L V , N ov . 19 13 N o. 6 34 P I .

0 N ew el l g r. 2 .1 1. P L A T X , 1 ; y A be rd ee n ( N e wn ha m D a vi s Co ll .

P a rt I I , P I . r vi ii N o. 3 52 , g r . 2. 00 .

es t o r . we a ri n g li o n s S A Y K o n r . Z e u s en t hr o ne d 1 .

agle inoutstretchedr.andrests1.

d fo . B eneath

P L A T X , 1 9.

5 B . C .

milartoNo. 95. A thenar. ine lephantquadrigaasonNo.

E N T A P H A . T o r . o f

we l l ( G e o u , g r . 1 6 .4 1 f i S a ll y R o s e nb e rg S a le 7 2 J u l y 19 3 2 N o . 72 0 P I . 1 2 ( - C ah n

N o .1 5 17 P I . 3 3 g r . 1 7 .0 5 7 V o g el C o ll . H e s s S a le M a rc h 1 92 9

g r. 16 .6 5. P L A T X , 2 0.

milarto thepreceding.I mmediatelybe-

a lphaandO.

C r e a



/ h t t p : / / w w w . h


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. B a u er C ol l. ( = N a vi ll e X , J u ne 1 92 5 N o . 7 2 P I . 2 7 , g r. 1 5. 70 . P L A T X I , 1 .

B a s e l Sa l e 4 O c t . 1 9 35 N o .8 6 5 P I . 3 0 g r . 15 . 2 ( o n t hi s s pe c im e n th e o bv e rs e

n t im es . P L A T X I , 2 .


dG .

ol l. , g r. 4 .0 5. P L A T X I , 3 .


nta lpha.

c ke C ol l. , g r. 3 . 7 0 B e r l in ( L o bb ec ke C ol l. , g r. 2 .9 1 7 N ew el l g r. 3 .5 6

, g r. 4. 01 .P L A T X I , 4 .

lf romthesameobversedieasNo. 102.


O .

g r. 4. 0 . P L A T X I , 5 .

e.

t o r . Ci r cl e o f B A 2 A Q S 2 A Y K O Y i n t wo p a ra l le l

es betweenw hichbuttingbulltor.

pha( attimesin-

r C ol l. V o l . I l l p . 10 N o. 3 ) , g r. 5 .9 9 0 L o nd on ( G ar dn er N o. 7 1 P I . i i

a r i s ( B a b e lo n N o . 8 6 P I . i ii 8 ) , g r. 6 .4 5 « ) B e r l in ( I m ho of -B l u me r Co ll .

V I I , 1 9 5 p .1 3 N o .1 3 P I . ii 1 0 , g r. 6. 50 t M un ic h g r. 7. 10 r - )

eTigris p. 7 No. 11 variousw eights i New ell( countermark ed

o b lo n g in c us e , g r . 7. 3 7. P L A T X I , 6 .

milarto thepreceding.Above pent-

ontheT igris p. 7 No. 11 gr. 2. 49.

uple .

eve llededge. Sim ilartothepreceding. A bove f f . B e-

e it sc hr . X L V I , 1 91 3 p .1 8 , N o. 69 P I . ii i 1 6 , g r. 13 .6 7. P L A T X I , 7 .

bl e.

eve llededge. Sim ilartothepreceding. A bove if l■ B e-

o n t he T i gr i s p . 7 N o .1 1 0 N e we l l g r . 7 .1 5 . P L A T X I , 8 .

bl e.

? ) . A ctua lly this

d.Seeabove

bove anchor.

romthe coins

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37/367

aontheTigris p. 7 No. 11. Thesetwoco insareprobablyonly

plesofNo. 8, above.

er ( ? ) .

Similartothe preceding.Theonlyre-

oorthat any

amsareindis-

i a on t h e Ti g ri s p . 7 N o . 11 g r . 0. 9 7 0 . 6 .

4 B . C .

a t o r. a s o n No . 2 A Y K O Y o n r . Ni k e to 1 . a s o n No .

O a bo ve

G a rd ne r N o. 2 , g r. 8 . 47 .P L A T X I , 9 .

onNo. 101. A thenar. inq uadrigaofe lephants ason

a * . Tor. o f

a yn es g r. 1 6. 54 . P L A T . X I 1 0.


O .

a y ne s g r . 16 . 05 . P L A T X I , 1 1.

epreceding.Similartothepreceding.The monogram

off f lan. I nthe

( H a yn es , g r. 1 6. 39 . P L A T X I , 1 2.

3 B . C. , - " 1


L O b b ec ke C ol l. , g r. 1 6. 62 . P L A T X I , 1 3.


ch -O s t en C ol l. , g r. 4 .0 0. P L A T X I , 1 4 0 M un ic h g r. 4 .1 0.

obversedie.

C r e a



/ h t t p : / / w w w . h


_ u s e # c c - b

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38/367

milar butAthenaina bigaofelephants.

e a th s h ie l d G > .

, g r. 1. 96 .P L A T X I , 1 5.

uple .

r . Ci r cl e o f do t s. B A 2 A Q 2 2 A Y K 0 i n t wo p a ra l le l

betweenw hichbuttingbulltor.

b u ll s h i nd l e gs V K .

n Sa le H i r s ch X X V , N ov . 19 09 N o. 2 6 0 , g r. 8 . 9 4 0 N ew el l g r. 1 2. 11 .

1.

b l e. S i mi l ar t o t he p r ec e di n g. A b ov e O . B e -

dgesbevelled. tw eenhindlegsofbull .

N o. 9 1 , g r. 5 .6 0 0 M un ic h ( N u m. Z e i ts ch r. X L V I , 1 91 3 p . 19 1

N ew el l g r . 5. 17 . P L A T X I I , 2 .

milarto thepreceding.Above G.

& .

er Co ll . V o l. I l l p .1 0 N o .4 3 P I . l i ii 1 , g r. 2. 43 .P L A T X I I , 3 .

2 B . C .

sr. asonNo. 114. Sim ilartoNo. 114. B eneathshield R .

g r. 1 7. 02 . P L A T X I I , 4 .

R o l l i n & F e u ar d en t S al e M ay 1 9 10 N o . 60 7 P I . x i v .

g r. 1 7. 07 . P L A T X I I , 5 .

F e b . 19 33 N o. 3 1 P I . 1 3( = C a h nS al e 71 O c t . 19 31 N o. 5 14 P I . 1 6 ,

uctionsonly theO isv isible .

1 B . C .

milarto thepreceding.Themonogram

stohavethe

pl a ce t o t he r . o f th e

uallyappears is

ng er S al e 11 F e b . 19 34 N o. 3 2 , P I . 1 0 g r . 15 .5 . P L A T X I I , 6 .

nator. similartoS A Y K O Y onr. WingedNik estanding

an dX I , 9 . to 1. At he rf ee t t o 1. I X P ; t o r. O .

entlocationof thisspecimenisunk nown. I tformerlybe longedtov . B artho lomaei

mtoR oll in. P ublishedbyB aronvonKoehne B rie fanHerrn

o iresde laSociitt J mpiriaU d archio logiedeSt. P itersbourg 1 50 p. 21

1 2.

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/ h t t p : / / w w w . h


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toNo. 121. B eneaththeshield tSf .

I , 1 92 6 N o. 1 94 1 P I . 5 6( = B o u rg ey S al e M ay 1 91 0 N o. 1 20 P I . i i , g r. 1 6. 16 .

7.

.9 5. P L A T X I I , 8 .

epreceding.Similartothepreceding.B eneathshield

O .

ge r Sa le 1 3 F e b . 19 35 N o. 1 42 0 P I . 5 0 g r. 1 6. P L A T X I I , 9 .


n N o. 73 , g r. 4. 20 0 E g g er Sa le X X X I X , J a n. 19 12 N o. 33 5 P I . x i

g r. 3 .6 4 S N ew el l g r. 4 .2 5 t N ew el l g r. 4 .1 7. P L A T X I I , 1 0

r Co ll . V o l . I l l p . 5 N o. 2 g r. 4 .2 1.

sameobversedie.

es t o r . w ea r in g l io n s S A Y K O Y o n r . Z e u s en t hr o ne d 1 .

agle onhisoutstretchedr. andrests

d A nchorupright.

n t h e e e r g u e ^ S T .

/ S N ew el l ( R a tt o Sa le F e b . 19 2 , N o. 7 39 , g r. 4 .2 0. P L A T X I I , 1 1.

obversedie.

hepreceding. Similartothepreceding. O aboveP £ T

P L A T X I I , 1 2 .

hepreceding. Similartothepreceding. A boveZ eus r.

e rg ue O .

H o ar d , g r. 4 .1 3. P L A T X I I , 1 3.

epreceding.Similartothepreceding.To 1.ofanchor

l ^ f .

P L A T X I I , 1 4 .

epreceding.Similartothepreceding.To r.ofanchor

f .

.P L A T X I I , 1 5.

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40/367

epreceding.Similartothepreceding.D irectlyabove

t h th r on e l ^ .

L A T X I I , 1 6.

C H M .

milarto thepreceding.B eneaththrone

C ol l. , g r. 1. 2. P L A T X I I , 17 .

. C .

milarto thepreceding.B eneaththe

e rg ue / ft .

n N o. 4 P I . i 2 , g r . 4. 30 0 N ew el l g r .4 .2 0. P L A T X I I , 1 .


f t.

N o. 5 P I . i 3 , g r. 2 .0 5 0 B e r li n ( P r ok es ch -O s t en C ol l. , g r. 2 .0 0.

1 9 y L o ndo n g r. 2.0 2.

c .3 00- 2 0 B . C.

edby thev ictoryof I psusastheruleroveravastterritory

randtheMediterraneantothebordersof I ndia now

riateissueof coinsathiscapital ofSeleuciaontheTigris.

sgreat triumphmoreclearlythandidthoseof theold

m evenw iththepresenceofaNik e inZ eus hand. F oronthe

dadignified laurel-wreathedheadofO lympianZ eus

bythe well-knowntetradrachmsofAle ander sfather

ee k s th i s co u ld b e o nl y Z e u s " t h e gi v er o f v ic t or y . B u t i n

theGreek e uivalentforB e l 31thechiefde ityof theB aby lonians

sselectionforthenewissuesof Seleucus.Theremayalsohave

ation( w hichnow escapesus betweenSeleucusandZ eus

eriod heborethecult- tit leZ e isNi drtup.

s presentsuswithawarlikefigure ofAthenastanding

great hornedelephants emblematicofroyalmagnifi-

theremustherebeadirectre ferencetothe I ndian

togetherwithperhapsasomewhatveiledallusionto the

is elephantsplayedsodecisiveapart.The wholedesign

stedbythegold statersfirstissuedabout305 B .C.by

d o ru s I I , 8 s p ea k s of " Z e u s w h om t h e B a b yl o ni a ns c a ll B e l .

u cu s I V . C f. D i t t e nb e rg e r No . 2 45 l O f . C f . al s o A . D . N o c k J o u rn a l of H e l l e ni c

I I I , 1 92 , p p. 4 1- 42 f or t he e pi th et Z t O ? S tX e G t oc

C r e a



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_ u s e # c c - b

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41/367

o ldf riend patronandally inthedaysofhisdirestneed. These

insdepictthedeif iedA le anderstandinginachariot a lso

fweacceptthissuggestion andfurthernotethatthe

fSe leucus signif icantlyenough presentA le ander stw o

Z eusandA thena thenw emayagainrecogni eclearevidence

otonly toemulatethegreatMacedonianherobutalso

w nclaimtotherighttoruletheEast. This" A le ander

amoderne pression o fSe leucusisfurtheril lustratedbysome

byB abelonwhilediscussingtheseverycoins.H esays:

e andrerentrantaB aby lone ilyavaitplusieurscenta inesd &6phants

rifia itdeposse dercesanimau q u ilemployaarendresacourplus

mequ ilf itsonentree& B aby lonesurunchartire pardes

cas cefurentdesiUphantsquif igurerentdanssoncortege

entsoncorpsenEgypte . C on uerantdeV I nde Se leucusdut

aiond A le andre rentrerdansB aby loneenv ironnid unepompe

urunchartraine parlesplusbeau des6ttphantsdeSandra-

seelephanttetradrachmsofSeleucusmustbe assigned

dybeenbroughtoutby I mhoof -B lumer 34butheunfortu-

hemint atB abylonandincludesamongtheirnumber

w o(insteadof four e lephantsdraw A thena scar. The

heelephantbigawerenotcoinedeitherat B abylonor

asthew riterw illshow inC hapterI I I . Thatthecoinsdescribed

rom B abyloniaandwereactuallycoinedatSeleuciais

fabricandusualprovenance by thefactthattw ohoards

tainednumerouse amplesof theseco ins and f ina lly by

togetherwithaveryconsiderablenumberofthe accom-

w asunearthedinthee cavationscarriedonatthesiteof

elephant-tetradrachmsofSeleuciamaybedivided

randa laterseriesbyobservingthemannerin whichthe

emofdepictingthe fourgreatbeastswiththeirfour

e ighthornsandsi teenlegs. A tf irsttheartistsw ereatpains

otonyofanyschematicarrangementofthis plethoraof

antnearesttheobserveris depictedwithhistwohind-

therightforelegperpendicular theleftadvancedandbent

etrunkoutstraightbut curvingdownwardsattheend.The

hantis advancedbeyondthatofthefirst hisright

tedina columnarfashion hisleftforelegadvancedand

ti t. I n tr od . p . x x v i i i.

X V I I , 1 9 5 p . 10 f f.

mshavethebigaatSe leucia asdescribedinourcata logue Nos. 8 3 8 6 9 and116.

1 1 , 6 0 .

ntheT igris p. 5f f .

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/ h t t p : / / w w w . h


_ u s e # c c - b

y - n

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42/367

dlikethat ofthefirst.Thelegs oftheremainingtwo

linesparallelingthoseof thefirstpair whiletheirtrunks

- lik ecurve asif trumpeting.

d i e s P I 1 a n d P I 1 9 a c h an g e ap p ea r s wh i ch b y G ro u p H

sdefinitelyestablished andcontinuesuntiltheendof the

veup theirattemptat" staggering theforelegsand

al resortofplacingthemin parallellinesorarranging

esign.Atthesame time thetwonearelephantsstretch

hilethetwofurthestelephantsraisetheirsin theair.Also

ie-cuttermanagestogetinto thelesscomplicateddesignat

ngthe nearestelephant stusks( seeparticularlyNo.56

, 5 , w h ic h h er e to f or e h av e o nl y n ow a nd t h en b e en s u gg e st e d. F o r a

andinoneinstance( No. 76 inGroupL , andanother

theneareste lephantw earsabellsuspendedf romitsneck .

eseminorvariationsindetails andaidedbythemore

ty leandfabric itw il lo f tenbepossibletoa llocateabadly

ceinthe seriesnowbeforeus.I nspeakingofworncoins

rcataloguedoesnotcontainall knownspecimensofthe

eveniftheirgenerallocationin theseriesisdeterminable.

uentlysosmall orchancetobe damagedbycorrosion or

hatphotographsandevencastsare inade uatetodetermine

piece inq uestion.Thereforeseveralcoinspreservedin

producedontheplatesofpublicsales ' possessmonograms

withouttheaid oftheoriginalcoinsthemselves.Such

romourcata logue e ceptinthefew casesw here identity

gplacedwithcertainty.

, whenarrangedintheirapparentorderaccording tostyle

ndmonogramsof the indiv idua lco ins fa llnatura lly into

ceof timeatourdisposalbetweenthefinal GroupE of

. C . andthedeathofSe leucusin2 0B . C . isa lso j usttw enty

riori probablethateachgroupmayrepresenttheissues of

isassumption wesecurethefollowingappro imate

s:

. C .

B . C .

B . C .

. C .

. C .

. C .

C .

leSa leX , J une1925 No. 790. F ourdrachmsare inParisf romtheSusae cavations

eencleaneditis stillimpossibletodeterminetheirparticularvarieties.

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C .

thenumberofcoinsactuallyat ourdisposal thecombina-

arietiesofstyle offersareasonableandworkablechro-

umethatallthe largergroupsonceissuedarenow

byatleastonee ample it ispractica lly certa inthatw edo

ietiesoriginallycoined.O fcertainvarieties wehavebut

manymorevarietiesmaytherehavebeenof whichnota

yetreachedus B ycarefullycheckingthroughourcata-

obv ious thoughminor gapsw hichstil le isthereandthere .

whichespeciallyI rakandI ranarenowundergoing will

specimensintothehandsof scholarstofillthe e isting

hemselves letusseewhat itispossibleto gleanby

groupsw hichcomposeSeriesI I .

. C .

an issueoftetradrachmsonly( P L AT V I , 1 .

sueof theminorf ractionsinbron e w hichhadcharacteri ed

hercoinageofsmall denominationsunnecessaryatthattime.

thenewtype possessescertainelementsofstrengthand

ye thethick linesofnoseandbeard thesnak e- lik e locks

allackofanysubtletyin themodellingproducearather

whichisfarfrom thesplendidZ eusheadstobefound on

tetradrachmsofPhil ipI o fMacedon. I npo into f fact

ctly reminiscentoftheposthumoustetradrachmsofthe

thistimebeingcoinedin Macedonianmintsunderthe

musthave beenoneoftheselatterissues thathad

for ourdie-cutter.Thereverse withitsentirelynew

eddesign displayshislackofability toe ecuteanything

ddelicacyoftouch.Athenaand herchariotofelephants

oomuch spreadoverthefield whilethelettersofboth

s initialsareclumsilyrendered.A similarheavinessof.

w hathadpreceded w asa lreadyapparentinthe lastissue

T V , 1 2 o f Se ri es I , s ig ne d by t he s am e ma gi st ra te A .

oftheofficiatingmagistrateshaveappearedbeforeonthe

maywellbelongtothe sameindividualswhohadsignedNos.

o fS er ie sI .

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B . C .

yetstillheavy crudestyleoftheZ eusheadwasatfirst

d i e A3 2 P L A T V I , 2 - 3 . F r o m t h e ou t se t h o w e ve r t h e

ephantchariothasbecomefarmorecompactandbetter

recedinggroup. The lettering too ismoreregularandthe

erformed.Astheissue progresses thisimprovement

dering ofbothobverseandreversetype.As yet only

3and34 Nos. 35and36are link edtogetherby theuseof

on.Theentiregroup issupervisedbytwochiefmagis-

w hosometimessignw itheachother sometimessingly orincon-

magistrates.

. C .

No.37is probablybutavariantofthe secondmono-

theverysmallsi eof thesecomparativelycomplicatedmonograms

die-cuttertoproducereallyclearresults. I nanycase

dbyhavingtheirobversesstruck fromoneandthesame

continuesto improve thedesignsgrow lessclumsy ine ecu-

sare securedforthemint— ortheolderartistsbecomemore

ctice.

B . C .

oldob

the coinage of the eastern seleucid mints from seleucus i to antiochus iii / by edward t. newell

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