The Cold WarThe Cold War1945-19621945-1962

Communism

v.

Capitalism

WWII Ends

Atomic Bombs dropped on Japan–Warning to USSR?–Surrender August, 1945

The Allies Split Up

With war over, US and USSR again adversaries

SuperpowersGermany to be divided into 4 zones–France, Britain, USA, USSR

The United Nations (UN)

Replaces League of Nations UN Charter Signed by 50 nations (June 1945)

To resolve disputes & prevent wars

US & Soviet Union both join Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Soviet Expansion in Europe

Stalin agreed to elections in Eastern Europe but they were rigged

USSR set up Communist governments = satellite states

Europe split in ½ “East” v “West” Buffer zone?

Iron Curtain

Winston Churchill Western dems must

halt communism

Policy of Containment

US to halt Communist expansion through limited military means & non-military means

Strategic Areas – Western Europe & Japan

Truman Doctrine – give aid to any countries threatened by Communism

The Marshall Plan– George C– $17 billion recovery program for Western

Europe– USSR & E. satellites refuse $– Increase in US exports– Deepened cold war divide

Berlin Blockade & Airlift

June 48 USSR cuts access to Berlin > Truman would not w/draw or use force > supply by airlift ensued > Atomic bombers sent to England > Stalin does not challenge > (Truman wins in 48) > Stalin blinks in May 49

Effect: 2 Germanys – Federal Republic of (West)– Democratic Republic of (East)

Opposing Alliances NATO - North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949)– Democratic Countries– Break w/Washington’s advice and long standing policy

– 10 Euros + US & Canada– Truman placed troops in in W Europe under Eisenhower

Warsaw Pact (1955)– USSR & Communist Countries

National Security Act 1947

Dept of “Defense” Creates Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)–Gather info on foreign nations

–Domestic spying?

Atomic Weapons

Arms Race US monopoly 45-49 Long range bombers USSR 1st bomb in 49 Truman approved Hydrogen-bomb in 49, completed by 52

Cold War Asia

Japan – Parliamentary Democracy, US-Japanese Security Treaty ’51 > ally in Asia

China – communists under Mao take over by ‘49

Republicans especially worried about the “loss of China”

Korean War Communist North Korea attacks Democratic South Korea (1950)

Containment policy UN sends forces to fight communists under MacArthur

Amphibious attack at Inchon Chinese drive US out of N. Korea By 1951 - Stalemate - 1953 War ends

Senator Joe McCarthy

Eisenhower

Doctrine - Aid to Mid East to stop communism

Egypt’s Nassar nationalizes Suez Canal

Covert action in Iran 1953– Gov’t tried to nationalize oil– Shah Reza Pehlavi installed