the concept and architecture of learning cell
DESCRIPTION
website:http://lcell.bnu.edu.cn/index.jspTRANSCRIPT
School of Education Technology , Beijing Normal University
Learning Resource Design and Sharing in
Ubiquitous Learning Environment
Shengquan Yu [email protected]
http://www.etc.edu.cn
——The Concept and Architecture of Leaning Cell
Beijing July, 2011
1.The Concept and Architecture of Leaning Cell
Progresses of Learning Resource Sharing Technologies
Reusable Learning Unit
SCORMLearning objects
IMS LDLearning activities
Share of learning content
Engineering methods and standards for learning content
sharing
share of education strategies and learning designs
•More aggregation：form single resource to highly aggregated and complex resources
•Extending sharing scope：from learning content to learning process and strategies
•Technology upgrades：from static learning resources to learning tools & dynamic human wisdom sharing
Future path?
How to share generative information during learning processHow to evolve learning content to adapt to all personalized demands?How to share social cognition network as well as resources?How to share interactive learning tools?How to implement content aggregation based semantic technology?How to relate learning processes?
Ubiquitous Learning
• On demand: Anytime, Anywhere, Mobile…
But more:
• Social
• Situated
• Context awareness
• Adaptive
Learning Resource Needed in Ubiquitous Learning
• Anything about everything
• Adaptive: learning needs & all kinds of devices
• Collective intelligences
• Evolutive resources
• Situated Knowledge: help learner solve real similar problems
Deficiencies of Current Learning Technologies(1)
• On the background of Knowledge-explosion, the speed of knowledge updating is more and more faster
• Current learning technologies only support single direction information delivery– Experts provide content and solutions as information producers
– Learners are information consumers
– Ignores the valuable information generated during learning process
– Has a longer resource update cycle and a longer distance to users’ actual needs
Deficiencies of Current Learning Technologies(2)
• Lifelong learning and informal learning will be popular; ubiquitous learning also has a brighter prospect. Thus, there is large need for learning resources and designs that fits the learning on demand.
• Current learning technologies emphasize formal learning, lacking of exploration and research for informal learning.
– How to design content for discrete user attentions
– How to share learning content on micro-granularity
– How to adapt display on all kinds of mobile devices
– ……
Deficiencies of Current Learning Technologies(3)
• Learning is not just to know knowledge itself, but to grasp learning methods, ways to get knowledge, and to build up a network where knowledge and human interact with each other
• Current learning technologies emphasize learning resources and activities sharing in a close structure
– Ignores the continuous updating of learning resources
– Ignores dynamic and generative connection of learning resources
– Ignores building up dynamic relationships between learners and teachers with learning resources
This research try to proposal a new kind of learning source
organizing model——Learn Cell
The Concept of ”Learning Cell”
• The meaning of “cell”
– Component: learning cells can compose higher-level learning resources
– Origin : learning cells grow from small to big, from weak to strong
– Nerve cell: unite to get intelligence
• Units that can reunite dynamically
• standardComponent
• Growing resources
• Absorb collective intelligence & wisdomOrigin
• Network according to semantic relation
• Intelligence, communication abilityNerve cell
“Learning Cell”
• Generative• Connectivity• Micro-granularity• Evolvable• Cohesive• Intelligent• Social• Open, communicates with other resources • Adaptive to multiple end-devices and platforms
Features of “Learning Cell”(1)
• Learning cell is structural knowledge network
– Interior：integrate content, activities and practices with extensible knowledge representation model
– Exterior：different learning cells interact to build up a larger knowledge network
Objective instruction
Learning content
Learning activities
Practice Assessment
Tool Base：BBS
Interactive Q&AOnline survey
Online quizSubject tool
……
Aggregation Model
• Different from tree structure of learning objects’ aggregation model, the aggregation model of “learning cell” is a dynamic network
• From resource organization to knowledge organization; From linear tree-form structure to network structure
course
chapter chapter chapter
paragraph paragraph paragraph
Hierarchy
aggregation model
Semantic network
aggregation model
Knowledge
unit
Knowledge
unitKnowledge
unit
Features of “Learning Cell”(2)
• Runtime information communication through open services– “Learning cell” is open structured, and can communicate with
other applications and share information
– Resource sharing over organizations and systems
Run T
ime
Enviro
nm
ent
Learning Cell Service tool
library
Information
needed by
learning
cells
1
2 3
45
tell grab
getput in
(or link)
Learning
cell
service
Features of “Learning Cell”(3) • The evolution of resources
– Elements of learning cells include current version information, editing process description(e.g.: notes or revisions) and past versions.
– The evolution and development is not aimlessly ,but in a structured and aggregated way, which is related to the interior knowledge structure model
• The growth of resources
– Save procedural information when learning resources are used.
– E.g. discussion records in BBS, practice feedback, and evaluation results.
1
2009-03-122009-03-12 2009-04-072009-04-07 2009-04-282009-04-28 2009-05-092009-05-09
time
2 3 4
the Growth of Knowledge
the Growth of Collective Intellgence
• Describe users and editors in LCs, relate physical resources to human resources
• Making LMSs share social network as well as physical resources through sharing LCs between cross-domain systems
Learning Cell：from link information to link people
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Learning Cell：from link information to link people
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Features of “Learning Cell”(4)——the Growth of Knowledge
Using semantic technology to represent,
inquiry and reasoning knowledge
Gene of “learning cell”
• Semantic model for disciplinary knowledge
– Knowledge relation
• Upper-basic
• Part-whole
• predecessor-posterity
• foundation-development
• equivalence
• correlation
– extensible
– Reasoning foundation
Knowledge
ontology practice
content
assessment
activities
Generative information
Metadata, aggregation model
Multiple format
Service interface
Learning cells stored in cloud-computing
environment
Co-editing,Learning activities,
Communication service,Test & Assessment
Editing records
Usage records
Learning community
AssessmentrecordsActivity
records
Generative information
Sharable
learning
resources
Glacier Model of” learning cell”
Logical Structure of “Learning Cell”
Knowledge ontology
PracticeContent
Assessment
Activities
Generative information
Metadata, Aggregation Model
Multiple format
Learning toolLearning
communityLearning content
Learning activitiesLearning
assessmentLearning recordsSemantic relation
Cloud-computing environment for Learning service
Service interface
Content Aggregation Model
Net-Structured Aggregation Model
• The formation of dynamic link– Creators of learning cells aggregate related learning cells
into a larger knowledge network– Users of learning cells discover related learning cells or
other learning resources during learning process, and put them in a personalized knowledge network
– By setting subject keywords, similar learning cells and resources are searched automatically with the assistance of some semantic analysis functions to find new links
– Analyze intelligently other learning cells that users have visited, to find out related element and form links
– Users can find learning partners through links of learning cells to form social network links among users
Comparison of “Reusable Learning Unit”, “Learning Object”, “Learning Activity” and “Learning Cell”
StandardizedDesign
Share Scope Evolution Resource Producers
Reusable Learning
cell
No Instruction material No Experts
Learning object
Yes Structured learning content Reconstructionallowed
Experts, teachers participate little
Learning activity
Yes Content and correspondenteducation design, methods and
process
Reconstructionallowed
teachers participate in more production
Learning cell
Yes Integrated learning information, not just current content, but also past
version content and the knowledge-construction processes; not just
content delivery, but also activities, tools, practices and assessments; not
just preset information, but also procedural information generated during learning process and social
network; not just learning content but also learning cognitive wisdom
Content and structure can
evolve dynamically
All participants canbe producers,
including students
2. Running Time Environment for Learning Cell
Architecture
Learning Cell Repository
Content
StorageCall
Back to
Learning cell
Connecting
Recording
Learning Interactive
Learning Tools
Learning Portfolio
Edit tools
Create
Create
Aggregate to Course
Learning Environment
Inquire & Learn
4.Though the Learning services interface, connect
with:
– Other learners who use the same learning
content
– Experts that edit the content
– Join the activities for the learning content
– Then absorb experience, build learning relation,
form learning community, promote multiple
evolution and development of learning cells
n to 1 learning
1. Users choose a learning cell to start learning process
2.Running time environment based cloud-
computing technology provides service
according to user’s request:
– The most suited content
– Related content
– Usage records of the learning content
– Evaluation records of the learning content
– Editing records of the learning content
– Tools for the learning content
Learning service
interface
se
rvic
es
3. Send back the learning cell and
related information
Learning pattern
– Learning by reading/ learning by listening/ learning by watching (接受中学)
• 基于学习对象的学习模式
– Learning by doing/ acting （做中学）• 基于学习活动的学习模式
– 学习元学习环境通过将内容与活动、资源的无缝整合，实现了以上两种学习方式的融合，使学习者可以在学习内容的过程中，自然而然的进入与内容密切相关的学习活动，实现更好的学习体验
Learning pattern
– Learning by connecting（联系中学）
• 通过知识的语义关联和可视化导航，在知识的相互联系中整体把握知识结构，从多个角度审视和思考，加深对知识的理解，并有利于激发灵感和促进创新
– Learning by re-organizing（重构中学）
• 通过学习元聚合工具，学习者可以自由的组合和管
理多个小的知识单元，建构自己的知识体系，促进知识管理
– Learning Comparing（同题异解，在比较中学）
Learning pattern
– Learning by reflection（反思中学）• 学习者不仅能学习当前的内容，而且能看到一个知识单元生长和建构的历史轨迹，在这一过程性的情境中反思知识的内在逻辑；
• 学习元环境为学习者保留了详细的学习记录，并提供练习和评价，促进学习者在学习过程中对自身学习的反思
– Learning by communicating（交流中学）• 学习者不止是通过物化的学习对象获取知识，更能够通过学习对象关联到的专家、学习者，构建与学习内容密切相关的社会认知网络，在交流中充分吸收他人的智慧
Learning pattern
– Learning by teaching（教中学）
• 学习者在交流、协同编辑的过程中，可能经常性的切换“教”与“学”的角色。许多研究表明，在“教”的过程中，往往能够深化施教者对所教授内容的记忆和理解
– Learning by creating（创造中学）
• 学习元学习者不仅是被动的接受知识，而且可以在综合
、重组、反思、交流的基础上，形成结构化的表达，主动的贡献智慧，创建新的知识内容
• 学习元学习环境为其提供了开放的创造氛围和便捷的工
具，并且通过知识本体和投票与审核结合的机制，保证多人协同创造的内容生长方向，为学习与创新相结合提供了较为理想的平台
Run-time Environment of “Learning Cell”
Terminals
...
Wireless
Network
PC
PDA
Smart phone
Internet
Universal network
“Learning cell” underlying environment
Information
transmission
controller
Active adaper
Resource
databaseLocation resource
materials
Learning cells
Resource history
User informatio
n
Learning cell runs
Detect inf.
Receive inf.
Analyze inf.
Responce
Grow
API
Divide
API
Trace API
Request
Resource index
Resource search
Resource location
Device type
Screen size
Screen resolution
Resource search
Display adaper
information
Information
dispatch
Learning cell
storage
Learning cell
extraction
Learning
Cell
transmission
White board
Mobile TV
Public terminal
Learning service interface
Learningtools
Learningcommunity
Learningcontent
Learningactivity
Learning
assessment
...
Learning
recordsSemantic relation
Summary
Learning cell…… Extends shareable learning resources in space dimension
Extends shareable learning resources in time dimension
Adopts semantic aggregation mode, integrating content provided by different learners according to certain knowledge structure, which is a more practical resource sharing and co-editing mode.
Utilizing cloud-computing and SOA technologies, making the platform highly open and extensible; On one hand, learning cells that are deposited in distributed devices and systems can be shared; on the other hand, it supports plug-in tools, providing multiple content and functions.
• Projects– CETV: “New Media Learning Supermarket”
– Higher Education Press: ”Knowledge Community”
Research progress
• Prototype system of learning cell ——English version &Chinese version
• Website： http://lcell.bnu.edu.cn
Research progress• Visual tag cluster
Research progress• Visual tag navigator
Research progress• Visual tag navigator
Research progress• Visual relation edit
Research progress• Domain resource aggregation（领域资源聚合）
Research progress• Knowledge network service
Research progress• Open gadget tools
Research progress• Split Scorm package to Learning Cells
Research progress• Visual history version
Research progress• Version comparison
Research progress• Collaborative building of knowledge ontology
Research progress• Resource association
Research progress• Dynamic metadata search
Team research focus• Orderly evolution of u-Learning resource
• Personalized recommendation of u-Learning resource
• Design of visual interpersonal knowledge cloud
• Construction and application of the mutilple learning model based on learning cell
• Self-adaption of learning content on multi-devices
• Collaborative knowledge building based on leaning cell
