the constitution of india final
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CITIZENSHIP
Who was born in India, or either of whose parents was
born in India, or who has been ordinarily resident in
India for not less then five years immediately preceding
26th January, 1950. (Art. 5).
A person who has migrated to India from Pakistan can be
a citizen of India.
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WHAT IS THE MEANING
OF RIGHTS
Rights literally mean
those freedoms which are
essential for personal goodas well as the good of the
community.
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THE RIGHTS OF AN INDIAN
The six fundamental rights are:-
1. Right to equality.
2. Right to freedom.
3. Right against exploitation.
4.Right to freedom of religion.
5. Cultural and educational rights.
6. Right to constitutional remedies.
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RIGHT TO EQUALITY
Includes..
Equality of law.
Prohibition of discrimination on
grounds of religion, race, caste,
sex or place of birth.
Equality of opportunity in matters
of employment.
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RIGHT TO FREEDOM
Right to freedom and expression, which enable an individualto participate in public activities.
Freedom to assemble peacefully without arms.
Freedom to form associations or unions.
Freedom to move freely throughout the territory of India.
Freedom to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India.
Freedom to practice any profession or to carry on any
occupation, trade or business.
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RIGHT
AGAINST EXPLIOTATION
Abolition of trafficking in human beings and Beggar(forced labor).
Abolition of employment of children below the age of 14years in dangerous jobs likefactories and mines.
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THE RIGHT TO
FREEDOM OF RELIGION
All religions are equal before the
State and no religion shall be given preference over the other.
Citizens are free to preach, practice and propagate any religion
of their choice. The objective of this right is to sustain the principle of
secularism in India.
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CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL
RIGHTS
Any community which has a
language and a script of its own has
the right to conserve and develop
them.
No citizen can be discriminated
against for admission in State or
State aided institutions.
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RIGHT TO CONSTITUTIONAL
REMEDIES
Empowers the citizens to
move a court of law in case
of any denial of fundamentalrights
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TEN FUNDANMANTAL DUTIES
1. To abide by the constitution
and to respect ideals of
constitution and institutions,
the National Flag and the
National Anthem.
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2.To cherish and follow the noble
ideals which inspired our
national struggle for freedom.
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3. To uphold and protect the
unity and integrity of India.
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4. To defend the country and
render national service when
called upon to do so.
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5. To promote harmony and the spirit
of common brotherhood amongst
all the people of India linguistic and
regional or sectional diversities; to
renounce practices derogatory to
the dignity of women.
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6. To value and preserve the
rich heritage of our
composite culture.
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7. To protect and improve the
natural environment including
forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife, and to have compassion
for living creatures.
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8. To develop the scientific
temper, humanism and the
spirit of inquiry and reform.
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9. To safeguard public property and to abjure violence
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10. To strive towards excellence in all spheres of
individual and collective activity so that the
nation constantly rises to higher levels ofEndeavour and achievement.
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FUNDAMENTALDUTIES
THEUNION
A. The Union Executive
1. The President of India (Arts. 52-62, 73).
2. The Vice-President of India (Arts. 63-71).
3. The Council of Minister (Arts. 74-78).
4. The attorney-general for India (Arts. 76, 88,
& 124).
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THEPRESIDENTOFINDIA
Rules as To Election of President (Arts. 54-55, 58-59 &
71)
Qualification for election (Arts. 58-59).
Powers of The President (Arts. 3, 53, 72-77, 85-87 etc. &
392).
Executive powers.
Military powers.
Legislation powers.
Rule-making powers.
Judicial powers.
Emergency powers.
Financial powers.
Miscellaneous powers.
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THEVICE-PRESIDENTOFINDIA
How elected [Art.66(1) & (2)]
Qualification for election as vice-president [Arts. 66(3),
(4) & (71)]
How he may resign [Art. 67(a)]
How removed [Arts. 67(b)]
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PARALLELSTATESTRUCTURE
Formal political structure of the states parallels that of
the national government.
National State
President Governor
Prime Minister Chief Minister
Parliament Assembly
Supreme Court High Court
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THELEGISLATURE
Parliamentary system of government
the executive authority is responsible to the Parliament
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B. Parliament (Arts. 79-122)
1. The constitution of parliament (Arts. 79-88, 330,331, 334)
2. Disqualification of members of parliament (Arts.
101-104)
3. Disabilities of parliament and its members(Arts. 101, 105 & 106)
4. Conduct of parliament business (Arts. 85-88,
99, 100, 104, 121-122 & the third schedule)
5. Procedure in financial matters (Arts. 112-117)6. General provision (Arts. 120-122)
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CONSTITUTIONOFPARLIAMENT
THELEGISLATURE
Bicameral Parliament
Rajya Sabha (Council of States)
Lok Sabha (House of the People)
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RAJYA SABHA (COUNCILOFSTATES)
The Upper House8/8/2012
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UPPERHOUSE
Rajya Sabha (Council of States)
Not more than 250 members
12 are nominated by the President of India
The rest are indirectly elected
The Council of States can not be dissolved
Members have terms of 6 years
1/3 members retire at end of every 2nd year
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LOKSABHA
House of the People8/8/2012
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LOWERHOUSE
Lok Sabha (House of the People)
545 members
2 are appointed by the President of India
The rest are directly elected from single-member
districts.
5-year terms unless dissolved
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C. the Union Judiciary (Arts. 124-147)
1. Supreme court judges (Arts. 124-128)
2. The Supreme court of India (Arts. 129-147)
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FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES
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FUNDAMENTALDUTIES
THESTATE
A. The State Executive (Arts. 152-167 etc.)
1. The Governor (Arts. 153-166, etc.)
2. The council of Ministers (Arts. 163-164)
3. The Advocate-general for the state (Art. 165, etc.).
B. The State Legislation (Arts. 168-212)
1. The Legislation assembly (Arts. 170-172, etc.)
2. The legislation council (Arts. 171-173 etc.)
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C. The High courts in the state (Arts.214-230,etc.)
D. Subordinate courts (Arts. 233-236)
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