the controversy behind stem cell research tonya blevins toye lowe sakinah alston jasonta norris kiva...
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The Controversy Behind Stem Cell Research
Tonya BlevinsToye Lowe
Sakinah AlstonJasonta NorrisKiva Browning
Stem cell research has the potential of curing and treating diseases and injuries that have
been deemed incurable for many years.
Potential uses of Stem cells
Different Stem Cell Research Techniques
1868, 1981, 19981950, 1960, 1990’s2006, 2007
Embryonic
Stem Cells
Adult Stem Cells
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Embryonic Stem Cells
1868 – Known as the fertilized egg that becomes an organism
1981 – Scientists discovered ways to derive embryonic stem cells from early mouse embryos
1998 – The isolation of the first batch of human embryonic stem cells
Adult Stem Cells
1950’s – Two types of stem cells discovered; Blood & Skeletal
1960’s – Two regions of the brain were discovered
1990’s – Discovered the brain contains three major cell types
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells2006 – Created
from a mouse at Kyoto University in Japan
2007 – Created human induced pluripotent stem cells
Federal Funding Ban
2001 – President Bush prohibited federal funding on cell lines derived after August 09, 2001
2007 – Executive order by the president supporting research for Adult stem cells
2009 – President Obama lifted the restrictions on embryonic stem cells research
Federal Funding for Stem Cell Research before and after the 2001 compromise of embryonic stem cell research.
Voters Favor Expanding Funding for ESC Research
Strongly favor
Somewhat favor
Somwhat oppose
Strongly oppose
Not sure
Source: A Research! America poll of likely voters conducted in partnership with JZ Analytics in August 2012
Olijah McKinney - 3 year old boy received stem cell treatment last year for a rare cancer called Neuroblastoma, has been found cancer free as of June 11, 2013
Psychology & Sociology Impact on Research
Scientific Community• Believes stem cell brings greater
advancement
Prolife Activists• Believe that using an embryo for
research should be banned
Stem cell research Public Opinion stats
Source: Statistic Brain www.statisticbrain.com
In Favor of Stem Cell Research
People that live with certain medical conditions• Diabetes, Parkinson's, Spinal
cord injuries
Certain Religious Groups• Support research, don’t consider
embryos as human beings.
Groups not in Favor of Stem Cell Research
- Abortion Groups• Using embryos
from abortions• Using unused
embryos from fertility clinics
Religion & Sociology
Church Leaders & Religious Institutions• Human life is created by God
Social Impact• Potential to impact and treat diseases
in millions of Americans
Early Embryonic Stem Cells
Are derived from embryos. Most embryonic stem cells are derived from embryos that develop from eggs
Economics & Ethics
The structure formed in early development of vertebrates is called the blastocyst.
National Institutes of Health, Turning Discovery Into Health (2013), Embryonic Stem Cells, Blastocyst, retrieved
from:http://stemcells.nih.gov/info/pages/glossary.aspx
Fetal Stem CellsThis is the most controversial
At this stage the fetus has taken human form
Is the fetus life less important?
Religion
Human Embryonic Research is unethical and Immoral.
Jewish law forbids the taking of one life to save another
In Vitro Fertilization
Embryos are either abandoned or left in frozen storage
So why not use them for research?
Family & Friends
How far should researchers take stem cell technologies?
Should the government provide funding for embryonic stem cell research?
Should there be laws to regulate stem cell research?
Do embryonic stem cells represent a human life?
Stem Cell Theory
Different from an other cell:– Ability to replicate
into other cells or tissues
– Ability to replace damaged or cells that have died
Focus– Replacing defective
cells/tissues – Gene therapy
(1900’s)– How to put stem
cells into patients
Types:– Adult Stem Cells– Cord Blood Stem
Cells– Embryonic Stem
Cells
http://www.stemcellscience.info/stem_cell_theory.htm
Why Are Stem Cells Important?
Stems are important to living organisms because:–3 to 5 day old embryos
(blastocyst) are cells to the entire body, and organs like the heart, lungs, bone marrow, skin, etc.
–Regenerative Abilities• Reparative Medicines
–Possible combat birth defects
Potential uses of Human Stem Cells
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Therapeutic Cloning–(Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer)
Somatic Stem Cells
3D Printing with Embryonic Stem Cells
Allows for creation of three dimensional tissues
Paves the way for artificial organs & tissues
Means of transplantation for various diseases
The Great Debate: Cloning
What is Cloning?How is cloning
done?– Artificial Embryo
Twinning– Somatic Cell
Nuclear Transfer Is cloning an
organism the same as cloning a gene? http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/tech/stemcell
s/quickref/
Why Clone?
Medical Purposes–Animals models of diseases–Stems cells for research–Pharming for drug production
Reviving Endangered SpeciesReproducing a deceased petCloning Humans
Obstacles & Risks to OvercomeAssociated Obstacles
Ethical Issues Legal Issues Social Issues
Associated Risks Mutation or gene
defects High failure rate Problems during later
development Telomeric differences
BEAUTY IN MICROSCOPIC IMAGES OF STEM CELLS
Art is a way to express ideas creatively whether socially or politically
http://www.stemcellnetwork.ca/index.php?page=gallery&hl=eng
World Wide Web
Internet communications medium
Reaches countless consumers/ uncontrollable
Businesses market and advertise from around the world
Social media
F.D.A Prohibits
• advertising, testimonials or medical claims being made on websites regarding medical stem cell therapy
Beware Stem Cell Fraud!!!
Exploit vulnerable impressionable families
Guaranteeing cures
High cost for experimental treatments
Unlicensed Doctors performing treatments
Other countries may not require studies to test safety and effectiveness
Stem cell research shows great promise in the near future to prolong quality of
life for those with debilitating conditions.
http://www.stemcellnetwork.ca/index.php?page=gallery&hl=eng