1

THE DESIGN OF LOUVERS AS SHADING DEVICE & FAÇADE TREATMENT TO OPTIMIZE DAYLIGHT & IMPROVE BUILDING ENERGY EFFICIENCY UNDER TROPICAL CLIMATE

Assignment 2a: Building Performance Analysis Using Simulation Modelling(Methods Worksheet)MBES2093 - ADVANCED ARCHITECTURAL TECHNOLOGY & INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENT

KIM ZHAO WEI MBE141079Master in Architecture

Department of ArchitectureFaculty of Built Environment

University Technology of Malaysia

2

Table of Content

1. Building design2. Simulation Objectives3. Computer Simulation Test Procedures4. Base Model – Office Room Configuration5. Analysis Setting6. Simulation Result of Test Cases7. Conclusion

3

1.0 BUILDING DESIGNSimulation DescriptionThe targeted building design is a mix use building for agriculture, commercial and office area. The building design aims to achieve maximum utilization of daylight with minimum glare by using louvers as shading device. The shading device will also play a role to reduce solar radiation intake which it could lower the cooling load of HVAC unit in the office spaces.

4

2.0 SIMULATION OBJECTIVESThe simulation will analyze the following performances by using Autodesk Ecotect 2011:• Daylighting performance (lux)• Overall distribution of daylight (daylight factor)• HVAC Load (Wh)• Solar Gain (Wh)

Subject Title

1 Project Title

PROPOSED MIXED DEVELOPMENT WITH 1 STOREY OF MARKET, 1 STOREY RESTAURANT & CAFÉ COMBINED INTENSE VERTICAL FARM, 1 STOREY OF LEARNING CENTRE COMBINED STRAWBERRY VERTICAL FARM, 1 STOREY OF RENTABLE OFFICE COMBINED INTENSE VERTICAL FARM, 1 STOREY OF OFFICE, 1 BASEMENT FOR STORAGE FLOOR COMBINED VERTICAL FARM AND 1 BASEMENT CAR PARK ON LOT 11526, JALAN MASJID TANAH, MELAKA FOR MARDI, SKYGREEN CORP., UPM & PPPKMMT (Persatuan Penjaja-penjaja Dan Peniaga-peniaga Kecil Melayu Cawangan Masjid Tanah)

2 Building Category (Architect Act) 23 Built Up Area 12,140.58 sqm4 Building Height 23m 5 Building Type 5 Storey building6 Location Masjid Tanah, Melaka7 Lot Site Lot 11526, Jalan Masjid Tanah, 8 Lot Size 1 acre9 Owner’s Name ALOR GAJAH STATE

10 Architect Kimzwarch Design Group

11 Consultant involvedArchitect, Civil and Structural Engineering, Mechanical and Electrical Consultant, Land Surveyor, Quantity Surveyor, Landscape Architect & other relevant specialist.

12 Land Title Commercial13 Plot Ratio 1 to 4 (Permitted)14 Contract engaged PAM Contract 200615 Tendering Selective Tendering16 Class of Contractor Class C

Brief project description and information.

5

3.0 COMPUTER S IMUL AT ION TEST PROCEDURES Base Test Model

3D Modelling in

Ecotect Analysis 2011

Test Case Variable:- No shade

- Vertical louvers- Horizontal louvers

Revit Materials & Glazing

Assign materials

Reference Grid Overcast SkyDate:

22nd, December Solstice

Time: 1500

Space Occupancy

Ventilation Active system

Operational Hours

Output:- Daylight Factor

- Daylight Illuminance (lux)- Cooling Load

Quantitative Analysis:- Potential for daylight

optimization- Potential for energy

consumption reduction for cooling

Discussion:- Potential for daylight

optimization- Potential for energy

consumption reduction for cooling

Office Model Configuration

Test Cases

Simulation Definition

Simulation Result

6

4.0 BASE MODEL CONFIGURATION

Office as part of the main space in the development planning.

7

4.0 BASE MODEL CONFIGURATION Instructions (Revit)

1. Build base model in REVIT.2. Remember to put room space

annotation (architectural).3. Note that only window, wall and

floor can be detected by Ecotect.4. Export into GBXML file.

Instructions (Notepad)5. Open the exported file with

Notepad.6. Change the format to Unicode-8

and save as a new file. 7. Ready to be import into Ecotect.

Base Model 1 – No shadeWith full glazed windowRoom height – 3.5mWidth of Room – 8.5mDepth of Room – 16mWidth of Window – 8mHeight of Window – 2.5mStill height – 0.5m

Base Model 2 – Vertical ShadeAdditional vertical shade – 0.06m x 0.45m x 3.3m(use wall to construct)

Base Model 3 – Horizontal ShadeAdditional Horizontal shade – 0.06m x 0.45m x 8m(use floor to construct)

8

1 acreExisting Market

CommercialPlot ratio: 1:4Max Floors: 5

Coordinates: 2.3523° N, 102.1089° E

4.0 BASE MODEL - SITE

TipsMaking sure the site orientation and create simulation according to the site orientation in order to get relevant result.

9

4.0 BASE MODEL - SITE1. The location of the base model is Masjid Tanah, Melaka

with latitude of 2.3523° N, 102.1089° E.2. The daylight simulations were made at December Solstice –

22st December at 1.30 pm with overcast sky condition of external illuminance of 20 k Lux . This is because this point of time it has minimum daylight availability.

3. The climatic data of Malacca are similar to the Singapore due to their geographical location and coordinates. Thus, the climatic data of Singapore are employed for the simulation purposes.

4. The simulations are calculated based on the weather data from ECOTECT Weather Tool for Singapore via US Department of Energy (source: http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/energyplus/cfm/weather_data.cfm).

5. Load the weather file from the options below in Ecotect.

10

5.0 ANALYSIS SETTINGImport the GBXML file by clicking into import options in the File Tab.

Choose open as new and let it load.

Checking the model site location through this option which is to ensure the site orientation.

Activate the analysis grid to allow daylight analysis.

11

5.0 ANALYSIS SETTINGIn order to expand the analysis to fit the whole internal space, choose within options from auto-fit grid to objects.

If the grid does not cover enough space, choose manually adjust grid extents in adjust grid extents.

You will get a yellow box as shown with red cube at four of the end of the box.

Click once on the box that you want to adjust and when it appear solid, click again to move. You can adjust the box through xyz axis.

12

5.0 ANALYSIS SETTING

Once done with the analysis grid, then scroll to the bottom to perform simulation by choosing Perform Calculation.

A box will pop out for lighting analysis, choose natural light levels and click next.

Choose over the analysis grid options and if you have the time for simulation, you may choose full 3D extents (where it would simulate the whole ‘yellow box’ that was adjusted previously.). Proceed with next.

When reaches 4th step of 7th, key in 20000 lux in the blank provided. Then, proceed with next.

Finally, press ok once everything done. Wait for the calculation and you may play with the data set available and also 2d slice position (if you choose full 3D extents analysis).

13

5.0 ANALYSIS SETTING

Go to analysis to perform thermal analysis of hourly heat gains/loss. Then choose the hottest day (average) to conduct the calculation. With the data, you can speculate the max energy consumption of the cooling load of the office spaces.

Set up the office space setting in terms of general settings like the clothing, room capacity and so on.

Then, set up on the thermal properties of the office space like the type of system, thermal range and operational hour.

14

Test Model 1 – Without louvers Test Model 2 – Vertical Louvers Test Model 3 – Horizontal Louvers

6.0 SIMULATION RESULTS

DAYLIGHT LEVEL PARAMETER• Less than 100lux is insufficient daylight. • Between 100 lux and 2000 lux is useful daylight. • More than 2000 lux is too much daylight and can

result in visual and thermal discomfort.

RESULT• Test Model 1 has more than 2000lux near the

opening.• Test Model 2 & 3 has lux within 200lux to 1800lux.

Dayl

ight

Lev

elDa

ylig

ht F

acto

rDa

ylig

ht L

evel

15

HOURLY TEMPERATURES - Sunday 10th June (161)

Zone: 1 Office RoomAvg. Temperature: 30.0 C (Ground 27.5 C)Total Surface Area: 421.352 m2 (309.8% flr area).Total Exposed Area: 285.290 m2 (209.8% flr area).Total South Window: 0.000 m2 (0.0% flr area).Total Window Area: 21.584 m2 (15.9% flr area).Total Conductance (AU): 1100 W/°KTotal Admittance (AY): 2565 W/°KResponse Factor: 2.25

HOUR INSIDE OUTSIDE TEMP.DIF (C) (C) (C)----- ------- -------- ---------07 30.0 29.1 0.908 30.5 30.0 0.509 26.0 30.0 -4.010 26.0 31.2 -5.211 26.0 32.0 -6.012 26.0 32.0 -6.013 26.0 32.5 -6.514 26.0 32.0 -6.015 26.0 33.0 -7.016 26.0 31.2 -5.217 26.0 31.0 -5.018 26.0 31.0 -5.019 26.0 30.0 -4.020 26.0 30.0 -4.021 26.0 29.0 -3.022 26.0 29.4 -3.423 30.0 29.0 1.0

6.0 SIMULATION RESULTS

Justification of Date Option• 10th June is recorded as one of the averagely hot day around the year.• Assuming half of the year is averagely hot, hence the average energy consumption

spent on cooling load can be accounted and analyze in order to propose a better energy saving design.

• The office space is assume operational from 8am to 10pm at night. The temperature will be set in the range of 24 to 26 degree Celcius

16

ResultCase 1 Cooling load per dayHVAC (Wh) = 462061

Case 2 Cooling load per dayHVAC (Wh) = 459096 (1% improvement)

Case 3 Cooling load per dayHVAC (Wh) = 438716 (5% improvement)

Showed that the variation of louvers design will affect energy consumption for the cooling load.

6.0 SIMULATION RESULTS

17

1. Different variation of louvers will affect both daylight penetration and solar

heat gain. However, the reduction of solar heat gain is more significant.

2. During daylight analysis, the result usually came out as unexpected and need

quite a lot of tuning to achieve desirable result.

3. Some error in detection during constructing model in Revit:

• Louvers build with curtain wall system

• Roof build with floors

• Featured columns

4. The overall daylight level in the room is considerable ideal for office work yet

can be improve with light shelves or solar tube.

7.0 CONCLUSION